CN111033835B - 锂二次电池聚合物材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents
锂二次电池聚合物材料及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111033835B CN111033835B CN201880055136.9A CN201880055136A CN111033835B CN 111033835 B CN111033835 B CN 111033835B CN 201880055136 A CN201880055136 A CN 201880055136A CN 111033835 B CN111033835 B CN 111033835B
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- polymer
- polythiophene
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SNBUBOOWVBZPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-methylthiophene Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC1=CC=CS1 SNBUBOOWVBZPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- BBGMFMHMSNIINX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate;thiophene Chemical compound COC(C)=O.C=1C=CSC=1 BBGMFMHMSNIINX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SMJRBWINMFUUDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thienylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CS1 SMJRBWINMFUUDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 aliphatic carboxylate Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- RCNOGGGBSSVMAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiophen-3-ylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC=1C=CSC=1 RCNOGGGBSSVMAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910017267 Mo 6 S 8 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDKZHNJTLHOSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].CC(O)=O Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O BDKZHNJTLHOSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001747 Cellulose diacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002440 Co–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008163 Li1+x Mn2-x O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013709 LiNi 1-x M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018584 Mn 2-x O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu]=O.[Li] Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Li] QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URCLODTVURRXLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid thiophene 2-thiophen-3-ylacetic acid Chemical compound S1C=C(C=C1)CC(=O)O.C(C)(=O)O.S1C=CC=C1 URCLODTVURRXLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007764 slot die coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000807 solvent casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有离子传导性和电子传导性两者的锂二次电池聚合物材料及其制造方法。所述聚合物材料包含聚噻吩类聚合物和导电聚合物的共混形式,并且所述聚合物材料可以通过包括以下步骤的制造方法形成:形成聚噻吩类聚合物;形成导电聚合物;以及热处理所述聚噻吩类聚合物和所述导电聚合物。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求基于2017年9月28日提交的韩国专利申请号10-2017-0126604的优先权权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
本发明涉及锂二次电池用聚合物材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂二次电池用于从诸如智能手机、笔记本电脑、平板PC的小型电子装置到汽车电池的各种产业中。它们正朝着小型化、轻量化、高性能和高容量的技术方向发展。
锂二次电池包含负极、正极和电解质。锂二次电池的负极活性材料可以是锂、碳等,正极活性材料可以是过渡金属氧化物、金属硫属元素化合物、导电聚合物等,并且电解质可以是液体电解质、固体电解质、聚合物电解质等。
目前商业化的锂二次电池使用其中锂盐溶解在有机碳酸酯类溶剂中而得的液体电解质。然而,由于它具有由外部刺激或升温引起的泄漏、挥发和爆炸等安全性问题,因此,有必要研究固体聚合物电解质以解决这些问题。
根本上,基于这种固体聚合物电解质实现全固态电池体系是理想的,为此目的,迫切需要开发具有高离子传导率(>10-4S/cm,25℃)的固体聚合物电解质。自1970年代以来,尽管已经积极进行了对作为锂离子传导聚合物而已知的聚(氧化乙烯)(PEO)、其衍生物和复合物的研究以构建库,但是由于低离子传导率和高界面电阻的问题,仍然难以实现全固态电池体系。为了解决这些问题,如果已经开发了离子和电子传导性聚合物材料,并由此使这种材料作为固体电解质、电极粘合剂和导电材料起作用,则预期可以通过不仅降低界面电阻而且排除作为现有商业化体系的导电材料的导电碳的方法来制造电池。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
(专利文献1)韩国专利公开号10-1743909(2017年5月31日),“光伏效率和机械稳定性改善的用于全聚合物太阳能电池的导电聚合物(Photovoltaic efficiency andmechanical stability improved conducting polymer for all-polymer solarcells)”
(专利文献2)韩国专利公开号10-1748684号(2017年6月13日),“使用由聚合物组成的活性层的全聚合物太阳能电池(All-polymer solar cells using active layerconsisted of polymers)”
[非专利文献]
(非专利文献1)Anna E.Javier、Shrayesh N.Patel、Daniel T.Hallinan Jr.、Venkat Srinivasan和Nitash P.Balsara,“嵌段共聚物中的电子和离子同时传导:在锂电池电极中的应用(Simultaneous Electronic and Ionic Conduction in a BlockCopolymer:Application in Lithium Battery Electrodes)”,《德国应用化学》(AngewChem Int Ed Engl.)2011年10月10日;50(42):9848-51。
发明内容
【技术问题】
因此,为了解决由于常规锂二次电池中使用的电解质引起的泄漏和爆炸的问题以及现有固体电解质的离子传导性低的问题,本发明采用了具有改善的离子传导性和电子传导性的锂二次电池用聚合物材料,其能够特别应用于全固态电池,特别是锂二次电池,结果,通过确认能够解决上述问题并由此能够改善锂二次电池的性能而完成了本发明。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种锂二次电池用聚合物材料,其包含聚噻吩类聚合物和导电聚合物的聚合物共混物,其能够解决由常规固体电解质的离子传导性低所引起的问题。
此外,本发明的另一目的是提供一种包含所述聚合物材料的锂二次电池。
此外,本发明的又一目的是提供一种制备所述聚合物材料的方法。
【技术方案】
本发明提供一种锂二次电池用聚合物材料,包含由以下化学式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物和导电聚合物。
[化学式1]
其中n是70至280,PEG是聚乙二醇,并且当PEG的氧化乙烯单元数是m时,m是4至15。
此时,所述导电聚合物的特征在于包含聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT:PSS)。
此外,本发明提供一种制备锂二次电池用聚合物材料的方法,所述方法包括:形成由化学式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物;形成导电聚合物;和热处理所述聚噻吩类聚合物和所述导电聚合物。
本发明还提供由以上化学式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物。
【有益效果】
根据本发明的实施方式,所述锂二次电池用聚合物材料具有优异的离子传导性和电子传导性,并且能够通过有效地降低锂二次电池的电极与电解质之间的界面电阻来有效地改善电池的性能。由于所述锂二次电池用聚合物材料能够以膜的形式制成,并且能够在全固态电池体系中作为电解质、粘合剂和导电材料起作用,因此能够预期所述聚合物材料降低锂二次电池的重量并简化制造工序。
附图说明
图1是显示根据本发明的锂二次电池的截面图;
图2显示制备作为根据本发明的聚噻吩类聚合物的聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)的方法;
图3是根据本发明的聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)的1H-NMR谱;
图4显示依赖于根据本发明的聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)的温度的总传导率。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将更详细地描述本发明。
在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语和词语不应解释为限于常规或字典的术语,而是基于本发明人能够适当地定义术语的概念从而以可能的最佳方式描述其发明的原则,以与本发明的技术理念一致的含义和概念进行解释。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方式的目的,并非旨在限制本发明。除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“所述”包括复数指称物。在本文中,应当理解的是,诸如“包含”或“具有”的术语指明所述的特征、数字、步骤、操作、成分、部件或其组合的存在,但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、数字、步骤、操作、成分、部件或其组合的存在或添加。
锂二次电池用聚合物材料
根据本发明的锂二次电池用聚合物材料可以包含由以下化学式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物和导电聚合物。
[化学式1]
其中n是70至280,PEG是聚乙二醇,并且当PEG的氧化乙烯单元数是m时,m是4至15,优选是6至12。
由化学式1表示的聚合物是聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)(以下称为P3PEGT),并且具有包含聚噻吩主链和聚乙二醇侧链的结构。所述聚合物表现出10-5S/cm的离子传导率,但是电子传导率为约10-7S/cm,因此其表现出不足以用于锂二次电池中的低电子传导性。
因此,本发明提供一种锂二次电池用聚合物材料,包含通过将上述聚合物与导电聚合物共混以改善电子传导性而形成的共混型聚合物。
所述导电聚合物可以包含聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT:PSS)。通过将所述导电聚合物与P3PEGT共混,能够使电子传导率改善到10-2S/cm的水平。因此,根据本发明的锂二次电池用聚合物材料能够同时解决现有固体电解质的离子传导性低和电子传导性低的问题。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述聚噻吩类聚合物和所述导电聚合物可以以95:5至80:20的重量比被包含。
如果所述聚噻吩类聚合物的范围小于上述范围,则不能表现出根据本发明的基本效果。如果所述聚噻吩类聚合物超过上述范围,则电子传导性可能降低。因此,在上述范围内适当地调节聚噻吩类聚合物的范围。
根据本发明的一个实施方式的包含共混型聚合物的锂二次电池用聚合物材料可以具有10-6至10-4S/cm的离子传导率,并且可以具有10-8至10-2S/cm的电子传导率。
邻近领域中的现有技术公开了一种共聚物,包含由以下反应式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物。
[反应式1]
作为反应式1中公开的共聚物的聚-3-己基噻吩-聚氧化乙烯嵌段共聚物(P3HT-PEO)在90℃下具有约1.1×10-4S/cm的离子传导率和约6.7×10-6S/cm的电子传导率,因此仍然存在离子传导性和电子传导性不够高的问题。
为了克服现有技术的缺点,本发明通过提供包含与导电聚合物共混的聚噻吩类聚合物的聚合物材料,从而能够在室温下具有10-5S/cm以上的离子传导率,同时将电子传导率改善到10-2S/cm。
本发明的一个实施方式可以是包含所述锂二次电池用聚合物材料的锂二次电池用正极。
此外,本发明的一个实施方式可以是包含所述正极的锂二次电池。
所述锂二次电池用聚合物材料可以进一步包含锂盐。所述锂盐用于增加锂离子传导性。在本发明中,对所述锂盐没有特别限制,只要是锂二次电池领域中已知的锂盐就可使用。
例如,所述锂盐可以包含选自由LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiSCN、LiTFSI、Li(FSO2)2N、LiCF3CO2、LiCH3SO3、LiCF3SO3、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiC4F9SO3、LiC(CF3SO2)3、(CF3SO2)2NLi、LiOH·H2O、LiB(C2O4)2、氯硼烷锂、低级脂族羧酸锂、四苯基硼酸锂、亚氨基锂及其组合组成的组的至少一种锂盐。
基于包含在所述聚合物材料中的共混型聚合物100重量份,所述锂盐的含量优选是60重量份以下,优选是5至50重量份。如果锂盐的含量低于上述范围,则难以确保锂离子传导性。相反,当所述含量超过上述范围时,由于效果没有大幅增加,因此是不经济的。因此,在上述范围内适当地选择所述含量。
本发明提出的锂二次电池可以优选地是全固态电池。
图1是显示根据本发明的锂二次电池10的截面图。参考图1,锂二次电池10可以包含正极11、负极17、包含根据本发明的锂二次电池用聚合物材料的层13、以及安置在它们之间的隔膜15。包含所述锂二次电池用聚合物材料的层13表现出高的离子传导性和电子传导性,并且优选用作电池的电解质、粘合剂和导电材料以改善电池的性能。在本发明中,应用包含锂二次电池用聚合物材料的层13的具体方法没有特别限制,并且可以选择并应用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法。
锂二次电池10的正极11可以包含(但不限于):层状化合物,诸如锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)或锂镍氧化物(LiNiO2),或被一种或多种过渡金属置换的化合物;由化学式Li1+ xMn2-xO4(0≤x≤0.33)表示的锂锰氧化物,诸如LiMnO3、LiMn2O3、LiMnO2;锂铜氧化物(Li2CuO2);LiFe3O4;钒氧化物,诸如LiV3O8、V2O5、Cu2V2O7;由化学式LiNi1-xMxO2(M=Co、Mn、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、B或Ga,且0.01≤x≤0.3)表示的Ni位点型锂镍氧化物;由化学式LiMn2-xMxO2(M=Co、Ni、Fe、Cr、Zn或Ta,并且0.01≤x≤0.1)或Li2Mn3MO8(M=Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn)表示的锂锰复合氧化物;具有由LiNixMn2-xO4表示的尖晶石结构的锂锰复合氧化物;LiMn2O4,其中化学式中的一部分Li被碱土金属离子置换;二硫化物化合物;氧/硫族化物,诸如Fe2(MoO4)3、Cu2Mo6S8、FeS、CoS和MiS;以及钪、钌、钛、钒、钼、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌等的氧化物、硫化物或卤化物作为正极活性材料,更优选地,可以包含TiS2、ZrS2、RuO2、Co3O4、Mo6S8、V2O5等作为正极活性材料。
该正极活性材料可以形成在正极集电器上,或者可以呈与锂盐等一起分散在含有根据本发明的聚合物材料的层上的形式。所述正极集电器不受特别限制,只要其具有高导电性而不会在电池中引起化学变化即可,其实例可以是不锈钢,铝,镍,钛,烧结碳,或用碳、镍、钛或银表面处理的铝或不锈钢。此时,所述正极集电器可以以膜、片、箔、网、多孔物质、泡沫或无纺布等各种形式使用,在其表面上形成有微细凹凸以增加与正极活性材料的粘附力。
另外,负极17通过在负极集电器上形成具有负极活性材料的负极混合物层而形成,或者单独使用负极混合物层(例如,锂箔)。
此时,在本发明中,负极集电器和负极混合物层的种类不受特别限制,并且可以使用已知的材料。
另外,负极集电器不受特别限制,只要其具有导电性而不会在电池中引起化学变化即可。例如,可以使用铜,不锈钢,铝,镍,钛,烧结碳,用碳、镍、钛、银等表面处理的铜或不锈钢,铝-镉合金等作为负极集电器。另外,负极集电器可以与正极集电器一样以在其表面上形成有微细凹凸的膜、片、箔、网、多孔物质、泡沫或无纺布等各种形式使用。
另外,所述负极活性材料可以包括但不限于:选自由结晶人造石墨、结晶天然石墨、无定形硬碳、低结晶软碳、炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、Super-P、石墨烯和纤维状碳组成的组的至少一种碳类材料;Si类材料;金属复合氧化物,诸如LixFe2O3(0<x≤1)、LixWO2(0<x≤1)、SnxMe1-xMe’yOz(Me:Mn、Fe、Pb、Ge;Me’:Al、B、P、Si、元素周期表的第1族、第2族或第3族元素、卤素;0<x≤1;1≤y≤3;1≤z≤8);锂金属;锂合金;硅类合金;锡类合金;金属氧化物,诸如SnO、SnO2、PbO、PbO2、Pb2O3、Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4、Bi2O5等;导电聚合物,诸如聚乙炔;Li-Co-Ni类材料;钛氧化物;锂钛氧化物;等。
另外,作为负极活性材料,可以使用金属复合氧化物,诸如SnxMe1-xMe'yOz(Me:Mn、Fe、Pb、Ge;Me’:Al、B、P、Si、元素周期表的第1族、第2族或第3族元素、卤素;0<x≤1;1≤y≤3;1≤z≤8);氧化物,诸如SnO、SnO2、PbO、PbO2、Pb2O3、Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4和Bi2O5,并且可以单独使用或以两种以上的组合使用碳类负极活性材料,诸如结晶碳、无定形碳或碳复合物。
根据本发明的隔膜用于在物理上分隔本发明的锂二次电池中的两种电极,并且可以没有限制地使用,只要其常规地用作锂二次电池中的隔膜即可。
所述隔膜可以由多孔基材形成。所述多孔基材可以是电化学装置中通常使用的任何多孔基材。例如,可以使用聚烯烃类多孔膜或无纺布,但并不特别限于此。
所述聚烯烃类多孔膜的实例可以包括由诸如高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和超高分子量聚乙烯的聚乙烯类和诸如聚丙烯、聚丁烯和聚戊烯等的聚烯烃类聚合物中的每一种或这些聚合物的混合物形成的膜。
所述无纺布除了聚烯烃类无纺布以外,还可以是由例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚酯、聚缩醛、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯中的每一种或这些聚合物的混合物形成的无纺布。这些无纺布的结构可以是由长纤维组成的纺粘或熔喷无纺布。
所述多孔基材的厚度不受特别限制,但优选在1μm至100μm的范围内,更优选在5μm至50μm的范围内。
存在于多孔基材中的孔的尺寸和孔隙率不受特别限制,但可以分别是0.001μm至50μm和10%至95%。
包含根据本发明的锂二次电池用聚合物材料的层13同时表现出良好的离子传导性和电子传导性,因此具有如下优点:能够代替常规锂离子电池中使用的液体电解质或粘合剂如PVDF以及减轻导电材料、即碳的重量或甚至将其消除。也就是说,包含锂二次电池用聚合物材料的层13同时作为电解质、粘合剂和导电材料起作用,因此能够有效地降低全固态电池体系(一种类型的锂二次电池)中电极与电解质之间的界面电阻。
如上所述的锂二次电池10的类型不受特别限制,并且可以例如是果冻卷型、堆叠型、堆叠-折叠型(包括堆叠-Z-折叠型)或层叠-堆叠型,优选是堆叠-折叠型。
制备其中依次堆叠有正极17、包含锂二次电池用聚合物材料的层13和负极11的电极组件,然后将所述电极组件插入电池壳中,然后用盖板和垫片密封以组装锂二次电池。
在这种情况下,锂二次电池10可以根据形态分为圆筒形、矩形、硬币形、袋形,并且可以根据尺寸分为块型(bulk type)和薄膜型。这些电池的结构和制备方法在本领域中是众所周知的,省略其详细描述。
根据本发明的锂二次电池10可以用作需要高容量和高倍率特性等的装置的电源。所述装置的具体实例可以包括但不限于由电池供电马达提供动力的电动工具;电动汽车,包括电动车辆(EV)、混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)等;电动二轮车,包括电动自行车(E-bike)和电动滑板车(Escooter);电动高尔夫球车;和蓄电系统。
锂二次电池用聚合物材料的制备方法
根据本发明的一个实施方式的制备包含共混型聚合物的锂二次电池用聚合物材料的方法包括:
(a)形成由以下化学式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物;
(b)形成导电聚合物;和
(c)热处理所述聚噻吩类聚合物和所述导电聚合物:
[化学式1]
其中n是70至280,PEG是聚乙二醇,并且当PEG的氧化乙烯单元数是m时,m是4至15。
此时,步骤(a)可以包括:
(a1)向噻吩乙酸中添加甲醇和硫酸以形成噻吩乙酸甲酯;
(a2)向噻吩乙酸甲酯中添加氯化铁以形成聚噻吩乙酸甲酯;
(a3)向所述聚噻吩乙酸甲酯中添加氢氧化钠以形成聚噻吩乙酸钠;
(a4)向所述聚噻吩乙酸钠中添加氯化氢以形成聚噻吩乙酸;和
(a5)向所述聚噻吩乙酸中添加聚乙二醇以形成聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)。
图2显示制备作为根据本发明的聚噻吩类聚合物的聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)(P3PEGT)的方法。
在步骤(b)和步骤(c)之间,可以进一步包括混合聚噻吩类聚合物和导电聚合物,将其涂覆在单独的基材上以及将其分离的步骤。
此时,所述基材可以是玻璃基材或塑料基材。所述塑料基材可以是选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、三乙酸纤维素、二乙酸纤维素、聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、玻璃纸、聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物、聚四氟乙烯、聚三氟乙烯等的各种塑料的膜。也可以使用由两种以上的这些材料组成的复合材料。
上述涂覆的非限制性实例可以包括但不限于诸如旋涂、刮板涂覆、浸涂、溶剂浇铸、缝模涂覆、喷涂、辊涂、挤出涂覆、帘涂、模头涂覆、线棒涂覆(wire bar coating)或刮刀涂覆的方法。
此时,为了制造均匀的聚合物材料,需要调节各工序中的参数。
例如,以500至4000rpm进行旋涂。在刮板涂覆的情况下,可以使用具有厚度为10μm至200μm的间隙的装置。另外,在进行喷涂时,可以通过0.5至20MPa的喷射压力以5至100次的喷射频率进行喷雾来实施。这种工序的设计和参数的选择可由本领域的技术人员控制。
涂覆后,干燥溶液以形成锂二次电池用聚合物材料。
尽管取决于各成分或含量比,但干燥优选在60至150℃下进行30秒至15分钟。
此时,干燥可以通过热风干燥、电磁波干燥、真空干燥、喷雾干燥、转鼓式干燥和冷冻干燥中的任一种进行,优选通过热风干燥进行。
将在涂覆和干燥之后形成的聚合物材料的厚度形成为要最终形成的聚合物材料的厚度,并且根据需要,涂覆-干燥或涂覆步骤至少进行一次。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,步骤(c)中的热处理可以在120至250℃,优选在180至220℃下进行。如果在低于上述温度范围的温度下进行热处理,则不能将聚噻吩类聚合物和导电聚合物顺利共混,因此不能表现出所需的电子传导性。如果在高于上述温度范围的温度下执行热处理,则存在在聚合物材料中可能发生聚合物本身的热解的问题。因此,在上述范围内适当地调节热处理的温度。
该热处理步骤可以在大气或惰性气体气氛中进行。在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述惰性气体可以是选自由氮气、氩气、氦气、氖气、氪气和氙气组成的组中的一种,或两种以上的组合。
本发明的一个实施方式可以是通过所述制备方法制备的锂二次电池用聚合物材料和包含所述聚合物材料的锂二次电池。
在下文中,将描述实施例、比较例和实验例以有助于理解本发明的效果。然而,应注意到以下描述仅是本发明的内容和效果的一个实例,并且本发明的范围和效果不限于此。
实施例
制备例-聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)(P3PEGT)的制备
图2显示制备作为根据本发明一个实施方式的聚合物的P3PEGT的方法。
参考图2,可以通过以下工序合成聚合物P3PEGT。
向100mL两颈圆底烧瓶中,添加10g噻吩乙酸(3-噻吩乙酸)、50mL蒸馏甲醇和1滴硫酸,并在100℃下搅拌24小时,然后用真空减压除去甲醇,溶解于乙醚中,并用蒸馏水提取3次。向乙醚层中添加硫酸镁以除去水分,然后过滤以获得噻吩乙酸甲酯(3-噻吩乙酸甲酯)。
向2g噻吩乙酸甲酯中添加8.0g氯化铁,并溶解于30mL氯仿中。此后,将混合物在0℃下在氮气氛下搅拌24小时,以获得聚噻吩乙酸甲酯(聚(3-噻吩乙酸甲酯))。
向上面获得的聚噻吩乙酸甲酯中,添加6M氢氧化钠水溶液,并在100℃下搅拌24小时,以获得聚噻吩乙酸钠(聚(3-噻吩乙酸钠)。向该聚噻吩乙酸钠中添加1M氯化氢并搅拌24小时以获得聚噻吩乙酸。在真空中干燥聚噻吩乙酸之后,将1g聚噻吩乙酸和作为催化剂的对甲苯磺酸(pTsOH)以10:1的摩尔比溶解在50mL作为溶剂的二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中。使用迪安-斯塔克(Dean-Stark)蒸馏法除去尽可能多的水,并一点一点地添加聚乙二醇(Mn=400)。将反应产物在水中沉淀,得到纯P3PEGT。基于本发明的化学式1,n值是110至130。
实施例1
通过将上述制备例中制备的P3PEGT和作为导电聚合物的PEDOT:PSS(H2O中3重量%,200S/cm,西格玛奥德里奇公司(Sigma-Aldrich))以重量比为80:20、以相对于溶剂的总重量而言为5重量百分比的量溶解在作为溶剂的二甲亚砜(DMSO)中,得到了聚合物材料溶液。
此后,将该溶液以3,000rpm历时2分钟旋涂在玻璃基材上,然后在120℃下干燥以完全干燥溶剂。此后,将基材在200℃下热处理20分钟,并从玻璃基材上剥离下来,以制造膜形式的聚合物材料。
实施例2
除了单独使用P3PEGT作为聚合物之外,以与实施例1相同的方式制备聚合物材料。
比较例1
除了将作为聚合物的聚-3-己基噻吩-聚氧化乙烯嵌段共聚物(P3HT-PEO)溶解在四氢呋喃(THF)的溶剂中以制备溶液之外,以与实施例1相同的方式制备聚合物材料。
实验例1-聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)(P3PEGT)的NMR分析
图3是根据本发明一个实施方式的包含P3PEGT的聚合物的1H-NMR谱。
参考图3,确认到d和e的峰消失了,由此可以看出由噻吩乙酸甲酯制备了聚噻吩乙酸甲酯(聚(3-噻吩乙酸甲酯))。确认了在12至13ppm处观察到c'的峰,由此可以看出由聚噻吩乙酸甲酯制备了聚噻吩乙酸(聚(3-噻吩乙酸))。确认到产生f的峰,由此确认到由聚(3-噻吩乙酸)制备了聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)(P3PEGT)。此外,聚合物的结构也可以通过聚合物的1H-NMR谱确定。
特别地,为了测量1H-NMR,可以根据样品的溶解度使用氯仿-d或二甲亚砜(DMSO)的溶剂。聚噻吩乙酸甲酯的结构可以通过溶剂确认。聚噻吩乙酸甲酯可以具有浅棕色粉末的形式。聚噻吩乙酸的结构可以通过溶剂确认。聚噻吩乙酸可以具有浓棕色粉末的形式。聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)的结构可以通过溶剂确认。聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)可以具有红色粉末的形式。
实验例2-聚合物材料的电子传导率的测量
测量在上述实施例和比较例中制备的聚合物材料的厚度并使用4点探针(4-pointprobe)测量聚合物材料的表面电阻(sheet resistance),并且使用下式1测量聚合物材料的电子传导率。结果显示在下表1中。
[式1]
Rs·t=σ(S·cm-1)
σ=ρ-1
σ:电子传导率
ρ:比电阻
RS:样品的表面电阻
t:样品厚度
表1:
电子传导率(S/cm) | 测量温度 | |
实施例1 | <![CDATA[4.5×10<sup>-2</sup>]]> | 25℃ |
实施例2 | <![CDATA[8.6×10<sup>-7</sup>]]> | 25℃ |
比较例1 | <![CDATA[6.7×10<sup>-6</sup>]]> | 90℃ |
实验例3-总传导率的测量
通过以如下表2所示的比例向上述实施例和比较例中制备的聚合物材料的溶液中添加作为锂盐的LiTFSI,从而以与上述实施例和比较例中相同的方式制备聚合物材料。
表2:
LiTFSI:氧化乙烯(摩尔比) | |
实施例1 | 1:0.09 |
实施例2 | 1:0.09 |
比较例1 | 1:0.085 |
将制备的聚合物材料插入电极池(electrode cell)中,然后通过IM-6ex电阻率仪(ZAHNER-Electric公司)在25℃、10mV和101至106Hz的条件下测量电阻。通过膜的厚度和电阻计算总传导率,并通过以下式确定离子传导率,并且示于表3中。
总传导率=离子传导率+电子传导率
表3:
实验结果发现实施例的离子传导率优于比较例1。
测量聚合物材料中包含的作为聚噻吩类聚合物的P3PEGT的总传导率,并将其示于图4中。参考图4,确认了根据本发明的一个实施方式的P3PEGT显示出总传导率随温度增加而增加。
Claims (8)
1.一种锂二次电池用聚合物材料,所述聚合物材料包含由以下化学式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物和导电聚合物:
[化学式1]
其中n是70至280,PEG是聚乙二醇,并且当PEG的氧化乙烯单元数是m时,m是4至15,
其中所述导电聚合物包含聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐),
所述聚噻吩类聚合物和所述导电聚合物以95:5至80:20的重量比被包含,并且
其中所述聚合物材料用于固体电解质中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂二次电池用聚合物材料,其中所述聚合物材料的离子传导率是10-6至10-4S/cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锂二次电池用聚合物材料,其中所述聚合物材料的电子传导率是10-8至10-2S/cm。
4.一种锂二次电池用固体电解质,所述固体电解质包含根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的聚合物材料。
5.一种锂二次电池,所述锂二次电池包含根据权利要求4所述的固体电解质。
6.一种制备根据权利要求1所述的锂二次电池用聚合物材料的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)形成由以下化学式1表示的聚噻吩类聚合物;
(b)形成包含聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)的导电聚合物;和
(c)热处理所述聚噻吩类聚合物和所述导电聚合物:
[化学式1]
其中n是70至280,PEG是聚乙二醇,并且当PEG的氧化乙烯单元数是m时,m是4至15。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备锂二次电池用聚合物材料的方法,其中步骤(a)包括:
(a1)向噻吩乙酸中添加甲醇和硫酸以形成噻吩乙酸甲酯;
(a2)向噻吩乙酸甲酯中添加氯化铁以形成聚噻吩乙酸甲酯;
(a3)向所述聚噻吩乙酸甲酯中添加氢氧化钠以形成聚噻吩乙酸钠;
(a4)向所述聚噻吩乙酸钠中添加氯化氢以形成聚噻吩乙酸;和
(a5)向所述聚噻吩乙酸中添加聚乙二醇以形成聚(3-聚乙二醇噻吩)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备锂二次电池用聚合物材料的方法,其中在所述步骤(c)中,在120至250℃下执行所述热处理。
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