CN1110195A - 涂布金属制件的方法及这样涂布的金属制品 - Google Patents

涂布金属制件的方法及这样涂布的金属制品 Download PDF

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CN1110195A
CN1110195A CN94104602A CN94104602A CN1110195A CN 1110195 A CN1110195 A CN 1110195A CN 94104602 A CN94104602 A CN 94104602A CN 94104602 A CN94104602 A CN 94104602A CN 1110195 A CN1110195 A CN 1110195A
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coating
acrylic paint
metallic article
coated
polymerization
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CN1087664C (zh
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A·约瑟夫
A·L·马钱德
P·-N·罗林
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Ateliers Reunis Caddie SA
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Ateliers Reunis Caddie SA
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Priority to FR9211868A priority Critical patent/FR2696371B1/fr
Priority to US08/200,951 priority patent/US6242105B1/en
Priority to DE69412233T priority patent/DE69412233T2/de
Priority to ES94400639T priority patent/ES2122183T3/es
Priority to EP94400639A priority patent/EP0674951B1/fr
Priority to AT94400639T priority patent/ATE169249T1/de
Priority to DK94400639T priority patent/DK0674951T3/da
Priority to ZA942181A priority patent/ZA942181B/xx
Priority to IL109176A priority patent/IL109176A/en
Priority to CZ94801A priority patent/CZ285173B6/cs
Priority to HU9400978A priority patent/HU213992B/hu
Priority to AU59311/94A priority patent/AU679718B2/en
Priority to JP6092964A priority patent/JPH07275797A/ja
Application filed by Ateliers Reunis Caddie SA filed Critical Ateliers Reunis Caddie SA
Priority to CN94104602A priority patent/CN1087664C/zh
Publication of CN1110195A publication Critical patent/CN1110195A/zh
Priority to HK98114811A priority patent/HK1013406A1/xx
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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    • B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
    • B05D2350/60—Adding a layer before coating
    • B05D2350/65—Adding a layer before coating metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2502/00—Acrylic polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12375—All metal or with adjacent metals having member which crosses the plane of another member [e.g., T or X cross section, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
    • Y10T428/12549—Adjacent to each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
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Abstract

本发明提供金属制件的涂布方法及由此得到的 金属制品，该方法为：在用静电喷枪喷涂基于聚酯树 脂、环氧树脂或其混合物的外层涂料之前，先用电解 方法在该金属制件上进行涂锌处理，再在锌涂层上涂 布一层丙烯酸漆涂料并聚合，在金属制件和外部涂层 之间形成粘结层。

Description

涂布金属制件的方法及这样涂 布的金属制品
本发明涉及用涂料涂布金属制件或构件的方法和这样涂布的金属制品，该涂料由基于聚酯或环氧树脂或它们的混合物的热固性粉料组成。
涂布这种涂层的目的是使该制件更美观和防止腐蚀。为了达到这两个目的，通常在许多金属制件或构件如购物用手推车、载物筐、档板等上涂布这种涂层。涂布方法为：用静电喷枪向待涂布的制件上喷涂该热固性粉料形成涂层，然后使制件通过一加热至220℃左右的烘箱，使涂料聚合。
但是，这样涂布的涂层耐冲击和磨擦的性能不够。因此，当这种涂层用于需要经受冲击或磨擦的制件如购物用手推车、载物筐时，上述缺点是非常讨厌的。另外，这种涂层在化学品甚至仅在外部环境的作用下，它耐腐蚀的性能也不够。
因此，本发明一方面提供涂布金属制件或构件的方法，它改进了涂布的涂层的粘附力，因而也提高了涂层的耐冲击和耐磨擦性能。
为达到这一目的，本发明方法的特征在于，在喷涂构成外部涂层的热固性粉料之前，先对待涂布的制件依次进行下列两步处理：
a)首先，用电解方法进行涂锌处理，
b)涂布一层漆，干燥或焙烤或聚合该漆涂层后，该中间涂层可起到金属与基于聚酯树脂、环氧树脂或它们的混合物的外层涂层之间的粘结层的作用。
本发明的其它特征为：
—中间涂层的厚度为2-30μ(微半)、优选为5-25μ，
—通过将该制件浸于该漆浴中，用蘸涂进行中间丙烯酸漆涂层的涂布，
—用喷涂进行中间丙烯酸漆涂层的涂布，
—在烘箱中进行丙烯酸漆的聚合。
本发明的另一方面是金属制品，特别是由本发明涂布方法涂布的线材焊接组装成的金属制品。
该中间涂层的优点是，它不但可以使外层涂层与金属制件牢固粘附，而且还大大改进了外层涂层的耐冲击和耐磨擦性能。这主要是由于该中间涂层不象单用锌涂布的金属那么硬，在外层涂层和金属制件载体之间起到缓冲撞击的作用。因此，遭受冲击时，该外层涂层可以避免将该涂层直接涂布于金属制件上时发生的龟裂、破碎或脱落。
一般情况下，涂有根据本发明方法涂布的涂层的制件主要有以下三个优点：
a)由于上述原因，外层涂层具有优异的耐冲击和耐磨擦性能。
b)由于外层涂层与中间丙烯酸漆涂层的粘附力很强、而中间丙烯酸漆涂层与预先用锌涂布的金属制件又牢固粘附，外层涂层与涂布的制件之间粘附非常牢固。
c)整个制品耐化学品和外界环境腐蚀的性能非常好。
对比试验证明了上述优点，这三个对比试验用三种不同的金属制件批料进行，它们分别包括：将所述外层涂料直接涂于金属制件上；将该涂料涂布于预先只经过涂布锌的处理的金属制件上；将所述涂料涂于预先既经过涂布锌的处理又经过涂布丙烯酸漆的处理的金属制件上。的确，这些对比试验证明，最后一种制品与另外两种制品相比，在上述三个方面具有明显的优势。
本发明的方法按下列顺序的操作进行：
1)金属制件经过必要的预处理如浸渍、除去油腻等以后，首先，用电解方法涂锌处理待涂布的制件。
2)通过将该涂锌制件浸于丙烯酸漆浴中，在其上涂布丙烯酸漆。然后将这些制件转移至加热到约220℃的烘箱中，使丙烯酸漆聚合。
3)用静电喷枪将外层涂料喷涂于待涂布的制件上。该外层涂料由基于聚酯树脂或环氧树脂或它们的混合物的热固性粉料组成。最后，再次将制件转移至加热到约220℃的烘箱中，使该外层涂料聚合。
用作中间涂层的丙烯酸漆组合物例如可以是有下列组分的组合物：
丁醇        13.4％
二甲苯      35％
为使具有上述组成的中间涂层能有效地起作用，如果外层涂层的厚度为50-200μ，中间涂层的厚度优选为5-25μ。
总之，该中间涂层的硬度应低于涂锌的金属，它可有效地粘结制件和外层涂层，以使该制品经受冲击或磨擦时，不会发生涂层的龟裂、破碎或脱落。
外层涂料可用热固性粉料制备，如商标为“POLYDROX”〔Societe Industrielle de Voisins(69)制造〕的粉料。但是，这只是一个说明性的例子，还可使用许多其它类型的基于聚酯树脂或环氧树脂或它们的混合物的涂布用热固性粉料组合物。

Claims (9)

1.涂布主要由组装线材组成的金属制件或构件的方法，所述涂布方法通过静电喷涂基于聚酯树脂、环氧树脂或两者的混合物的热固性粉料涂布外层涂料，然后在烘箱中使外层涂料聚合；该改进之处包括在喷涂所述涂料之前：
a)用电解方法在该金属制件或构件上首先涂锌；
b)向锌涂层上涂布一层丙烯酸漆；和
c)通过焙烤或聚合所述丙烯酸漆涂层，使其干燥，形成起到金属制件与外层涂料之间的粘附层作用的中间丙烯酸漆涂层，并且所述外层涂料是喷涂于中间层之上的。
2.一种涂布方法，其中：
a)丙烯酸漆在烘箱中聚合。
3.根据权利要求2的涂布方法，其中：
a)中间丙烯酸漆涂层的厚度为约2-30微米。
4.根据权利要求3的涂布方法，其中：
a)中间丙烯酸漆涂层的厚度为约5-25微米。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一要求的涂布方法，其中：
a)通过将该金属制件或构件浸于该丙烯酸漆浴中，涂布该丙烯酸漆涂层。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一要求的涂布方法，其中：
a)用喷涂方法涂布该丙烯酸漆涂层。
7.构件的金属表面涂有基于聚酯树脂、环氧树脂或两者的混合物的涂层的改进的金属制品，其改进在于：
a)在所述金属表面与所述外层涂层之间涂布粘结层，它与金属表面和外层涂层粘附，所述粘结层包括：
1)粘附于所述金属表面的锌涂层，和
2)与所述锌涂层和所述外层涂层粘结的丙烯酸漆涂层。
8.根据权利要求7的金属制品，其中：
a)所述丙烯酸漆涂层是聚合的丙烯酸漆。
9.根据权利要求7或8的金属制品，其中：
a)所述构件由焊接在一起的金属线材组装而成。
CN94104602A 1992-10-07 1994-04-07 涂布金属制件的方法及这样涂布的金属制品 Expired - Fee Related CN1087664C (zh)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9211868A FR2696371B1 (fr) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Procédé de revêtement de pièces ou de structures métalliques au moyen d'une poudre thermodurcissable, à base de résine polyester ou époxy ou d'un mélange des deux et produit métallique ainsi revêtu.
US08/200,951 US6242105B1 (en) 1992-10-07 1994-02-23 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thus coated
ES94400639T ES2122183T3 (es) 1992-10-07 1994-03-25 Procedimiento de revestimiento de piezas o estructuras metalicas con un polvo termoendurecible, y producto metalico asi obtenido.
EP94400639A EP0674951B1 (fr) 1992-10-07 1994-03-25 Procédé de revêtement de pièces ou de structures métalliques au moyen d'une poudre thermodurcissable, et produit métallique ainsi obtenu
AT94400639T ATE169249T1 (de) 1992-10-07 1994-03-25 Verfahren zum beschichten auf metallischen werkstoffen oder strukturen, ein wärmehärtendes pulver und gegenständen so hergestellt
DK94400639T DK0674951T3 (da) 1992-10-07 1994-03-25 Fremgangsmåde til overtrækning af metalliske emner eller strukturer med et termohærdende pulver, samt herved opnåede metall
DE69412233T DE69412233T2 (de) 1992-10-07 1994-03-25 Verfahren zum Beschichten auf metallischen Werkstoffen oder Strukturen, ein wärmehärtendes Pulver und Gegenständen so hergestellt
ZA942181A ZA942181B (en) 1992-10-07 1994-03-28 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thus coasted
IL109176A IL109176A (en) 1992-10-07 1994-03-30 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thus coated
CZ94801A CZ285173B6 (cs) 1992-10-07 1994-04-06 Způsob potahování kovových součástí a kovový výrobek takto potažený
HU9400978A HU213992B (en) 1992-10-07 1994-04-06 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thus coated
AU59311/94A AU679718B2 (en) 1992-10-07 1994-04-06 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thuscoated
JP6092964A JPH07275797A (ja) 1992-10-07 1994-04-06 金属部品を被覆するための方法および該方法で被覆された金属物品
CN94104602A CN1087664C (zh) 1992-10-07 1994-04-07 涂布金属制件的方法及这样涂布的金属制品
HK98114811A HK1013406A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1998-12-22 Process for coating metallic workpieces or structure with a thermosetting powder and metallic product thus obtained

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9211868A FR2696371B1 (fr) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Procédé de revêtement de pièces ou de structures métalliques au moyen d'une poudre thermodurcissable, à base de résine polyester ou époxy ou d'un mélange des deux et produit métallique ainsi revêtu.
US08/200,951 US6242105B1 (en) 1992-10-07 1994-02-23 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thus coated
EP94400639A EP0674951B1 (fr) 1992-10-07 1994-03-25 Procédé de revêtement de pièces ou de structures métalliques au moyen d'une poudre thermodurcissable, et produit métallique ainsi obtenu
ZA942181A ZA942181B (en) 1992-10-07 1994-03-28 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thus coasted
IL109176A IL109176A (en) 1992-10-07 1994-03-30 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thus coated
JP6092964A JPH07275797A (ja) 1992-10-07 1994-04-06 金属部品を被覆するための方法および該方法で被覆された金属物品
AU59311/94A AU679718B2 (en) 1992-10-07 1994-04-06 Process for coating metallic parts and metallic product thuscoated
CZ94801A CZ285173B6 (cs) 1992-10-07 1994-04-06 Způsob potahování kovových součástí a kovový výrobek takto potažený
CN94104602A CN1087664C (zh) 1992-10-07 1994-04-07 涂布金属制件的方法及这样涂布的金属制品

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CN1110195A true CN1110195A (zh) 1995-10-18
CN1087664C CN1087664C (zh) 2002-07-17

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EP (1) EP0674951B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH07275797A (zh)
CN (1) CN1087664C (zh)
AT (1) ATE169249T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU679718B2 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ285173B6 (zh)
DE (1) DE69412233T2 (zh)
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ES (1) ES2122183T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR2696371B1 (zh)
HK (1) HK1013406A1 (zh)
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CN1321747C (zh) * 2005-09-06 2007-06-20 贵州科盛彩色喷涂有限公司 在户外金属表面喷涂防腐彩色双涂层的方法
CN101108942B (zh) * 2007-08-14 2011-02-09 上海造漆厂 一种耐溶剂静电喷涂丙烯酸烘漆的制备方法
CN105555992A (zh) * 2013-08-01 2016-05-04 安赛乐米塔尔公司 设置有锌涂层的涂漆钢板

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FR2696371B1 (fr) 1992-10-07 1994-10-28 Caddie Atel Reunis Procédé de revêtement de pièces ou de structures métalliques au moyen d'une poudre thermodurcissable, à base de résine polyester ou époxy ou d'un mélange des deux et produit métallique ainsi revêtu.
US6174426B1 (en) 1999-08-12 2001-01-16 Usx Corporation Tin-plated steel with adhesion promoter
JP2001300407A (ja) * 2000-04-27 2001-10-30 Dainippon Toryo Co Ltd 線材組立体の塗装方法
AU2001266054A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-01-08 N V. Bekaert S.A. Reinforced wiper element
CN105080808A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2015-11-25 柳州市亿瑞物资有限责任公司 一种聚氨酯漆的涂覆方法
CN110624787A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-12-31 中山市天青色厨卫科技有限公司 一种环保无水电镀基材的制作工艺

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FR2696371B1 (fr) 1992-10-07 1994-10-28 Caddie Atel Reunis Procédé de revêtement de pièces ou de structures métalliques au moyen d'une poudre thermodurcissable, à base de résine polyester ou époxy ou d'un mélange des deux et produit métallique ainsi revêtu.

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1321747C (zh) * 2005-09-06 2007-06-20 贵州科盛彩色喷涂有限公司 在户外金属表面喷涂防腐彩色双涂层的方法
CN101108942B (zh) * 2007-08-14 2011-02-09 上海造漆厂 一种耐溶剂静电喷涂丙烯酸烘漆的制备方法
CN105555992A (zh) * 2013-08-01 2016-05-04 安赛乐米塔尔公司 设置有锌涂层的涂漆钢板
CN105555992B (zh) * 2013-08-01 2018-11-16 安赛乐米塔尔公司 设置有锌涂层的涂漆钢板
US10400326B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2019-09-03 Arcelormittal Sa Painted steel sheet provided with a zinc coating
US11525182B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2022-12-13 Arcelormittal Painted steel sheet provided with a zinc coating

Also Published As

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HK1013406A1 (en) 1999-08-27
HU9400978D0 (en) 1994-06-28
EP0674951A1 (fr) 1995-10-04
DK0674951T3 (da) 1999-05-03
IL109176A0 (en) 1994-06-24
HUT70995A (en) 1995-11-28
DE69412233T2 (de) 1999-01-21
JPH07275797A (ja) 1995-10-24
CZ80194A3 (en) 1996-01-17
FR2696371A1 (fr) 1994-04-08
CN1087664C (zh) 2002-07-17
FR2696371B1 (fr) 1994-10-28
HU213992B (en) 1997-11-28
IL109176A (en) 1998-06-15
ZA942181B (en) 1995-01-16
AU5931194A (en) 1995-10-26
AU679718B2 (en) 1997-07-10
CZ285173B6 (cs) 1999-06-16
EP0674951B1 (fr) 1998-08-05
DE69412233D1 (de) 1998-09-10
ATE169249T1 (de) 1998-08-15
US6242105B1 (en) 2001-06-05
ES2122183T3 (es) 1998-12-16

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