CN111011071B - High-yield high-quality early-maturing cotton cultivation method - Google Patents
High-yield high-quality early-maturing cotton cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0003—Atomisers or mist blowers
- A01M7/0014—Field atomisers, e.g. orchard atomisers, self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating high-yield high-quality early-maturing cotton, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin; (2) a mechanized sowing technology; (3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology; (4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology; (5) whole-course chemical regulation and control technology. In the step (2), the previous crops are harvested, stubbles are timely cleaned and land is leveled, the cotton seeds are delinted and coated before sowing, and the sowing amount is controlled; the germination rate of the seeds is more than 90 percent, the seeds are sowed once every time with 1-2 grains, the row spacing is 55-65cm, the plant spacing is 15-20cm, the total sowing quantity is 1.3-1.7 ten thousand grains/mu, and the density is 7300-7700 plants/mu, so that the effect that thinning is not needed after the whole seedlings are sowed once is achieved. The method of the invention promotes the growth of cotton plants, reduces the labor intensity and improves the cotton yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton.
Background
China has more people and less land, the grain production pressure is huge, land competition between grain and cotton is prominent, the development trend that cotton does not compete with grain for land is long-reaching consensus, the new variety breeding of early maturing cotton is as early as 70 years, and China cotton researchers and cotton farmers begin to search for early maturing cotton varieties, such as black mountain cotton No. 1, chatting summer No. 1 and the like.
The yield of No. 10 cotton in the first generation precocious cotton variety in China is increased by 20 percent compared with No. 1 black mountain cotton in comparison with national summer cotton area test, and wheat and cotton double-cropping is realized in North China firstly, but the variety is precocious and premature, has poor disease resistance and incomplete matching technology, and cannot fully exert the yield increasing effect. The post-selection breeding of No. 16 cotton of early-maturing, high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant China Cotton institute has the popularization area of 4000 kilo hectares in total and the maximum popularization area of 1000 kilo hectares in a year, so that the yield of the summer cotton ginned cotton is 750kg/hm2Increased to 1200kg/hm2。
The early maturing cotton varieties represented by 50, 19 and 1 of Shandong cotton research, Shijiazhuang cotton research, 19 and 1 of Shizao cotton bred by units such as China Cotton institute, Shandong province cotton center, Shijiazhuang agriculture and forestry science and agricultural academy except Xinjiang have the advantages that the popularization area is mostly concentrated in the region where the cotton is directly sown after wheat in the yellow river basin, and the popularization in the Yangtze river basin is less.
From 2011, early maturing cotton district tests are developed in parts of Yangtze river basin provinces, and early maturing cotton varieties such as Su cotton 30 bred by the agricultural department in the coastal region of Jiangsu and labor-saving cotton No. 2, Xiang K25, Xiang FZ001 and Xiang cotton No. 1 bred by the cotton scientific research institute in Hunan province are mainly planted in a direct seeding mode after oil is applied to the Yangtze river basin, and are in a demonstration and popularization stage at present. However, the cotton planting in Yangtze river basin is as long as 8 months from planting to finishing, and is tedious, complex, labor-consuming and time-consuming, and the low production efficiency is the current biggest bottleneck in the development of cotton production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton.
A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin;
the invention adopts short fruit branch cotton No. 2, and the related information is as follows:
short approval number: wan trial cotton 2018001
The applicant: research center for developing low-phenol cotton in Huang-Huai-Hai in Huaibei city
The breeder: research center for developing low-phenol cotton in Huang-Huai-Hai in Huaibei city
Variety sources are as follows: huai 86 line X Huai 203-5
Characteristic features: transgenic summer cotton hybrid. The plant type is cylindrical and compact, the number of fruit branches is limited, the number of the stem hairs is small, the leaf size is medium and large, the leaf color is light green, the boll is large, the egg shape is oval, the boll opening is smooth, and the color of the boll is pure white. The two-year regional test in 2015 and 2016 shows that the average growth period is about 107 days. The plant height is 98.9cm, the node position of the first fruit branch is 4.9cm, the number of the fruit branches of the plant is 11.5, the single plant bears 13.1 bolls, the weight of the single boll is 6.0g, the coat is 39.95 percent, and the seed number is 11.3 g.
Resistance: through the resistance identification of the cotton research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, the resistance to fusarium wilt (disease index 9.7) and verticillium wilt (disease index 27.3) in 2015; in 2016, the disease is resistant to blight (disease means 18.7) and yellow wilt (disease means 45.6).
The quality is shown as follows: the fiber length is 32.2mm, the breaking ratio strength is 34.5cN/tex and the micronaire value is 4.6 in 2015 years through the inspection of a cotton quality supervision inspection test center of Ministry of agriculture; fiber length 31.4mm in 2016, specific tenacity at break 35.5cN/tex, micronaire 5.3.
The yield performance is as follows: under the general cultivation condition, the yield per mu of the ginned cotton is tested to be 94.04kg in an area of 2015, and the yield is increased by 21.59 percent compared with the average value of the test seeds; the average yield per mu in 2016 is 90.9kg, which is increased by 17.29 percent compared with the average yield of the reference test seeds; yield per mu of ginned cotton of 84.20kg in the production test in 2017.
(2) A mechanized sowing technology;
(3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology;
(4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology;
(5) whole-course chemical regulation and control technology.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stubble is cleaned and the land is leveled in time after the previous crop is harvested, and the cotton seeds are delinted and coated before the sowing, so that the sowing amount is controlled.
Preferably, in the step (2), the germination rate of the seeds is more than 90%, the seeds are sowed once every time with 1-2 grains, the row spacing is 55-65cm, the plant spacing is 15-20cm, the total sowing amount is 1.3-1.7 ten thousand grains/mu, and the density is 7300-7700 plants/mu, so that the effect that no thinning is needed after the whole seedlings are sowed once is achieved.
Specifically, after harvesting the previous crops, cleaning stubbles, rotatably ploughing and leveling ridges in time, leveling the land (a laser land leveling instrument can be adopted), and preparing before mechanical sowing; the optimal sowing time is 6 months and 1 day before, and is not later than 6 months and 10 days, and the sunny sowing is optimal after rain; preparing delinted seed coatings, and adopting a large-scale mechanical precision seeding or hand-push type seeding machine for seeding; and (4) timely checking the sowing condition after sowing to prevent mistaken sowing and missed sowing, and timely preventing and controlling snails and underground pests after emergence of seedlings.
Preferably, in the step (3), the fertilizing amount is specifically as follows: 8-12 kg/mu of urea, 23-27 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes, 23-27 kg/mu of slow release fertilizer special for cotton and N, P in slow release fertilizer special for cotton2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 7-9: 8-10: 17-20.
Because the direct seeding early maturing cotton has less fertilizing amount than spring cotton, the requirement on the fertilizer has the change rule that less fertilizer is needed in the seedling stage, more fertilizer is needed in the boll stage and less boll opening stage, the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, urea and rapeseed cakes obtained by adopting the invention are fertilized once in the initial flowering stage, the growth characteristics of cotton are considered, the fertilizer efficiency and the aging are considered, the requirement of the whole growth period of the cotton on nutrients is met, no additional fertilizer is needed, and the fertilizer can play a role stably and efficiently for a long time; the urea can supplement nitrogen elements for cotton growth in time, promote the early-stage quick vegetative growth of cotton, and the slow-release fertilizer and the rapeseed cake can release fertility in the middle and later stages to provide necessary nutrient elements for cotton boll formation in the middle and later stages.
Experiments prove that by adopting the matching, the nitrogen utilization rate is improved by 8 percent, the growth of cotton root systems can be obviously promoted, the stress resistance of cotton is improved, the yield and income are increased, the fertilizer and the water are saved, and the cotton fertilizer and the water are green and safe.
Preferably, the slow release fertilizer special for cotton comprises: the core, a first coating layer coated outside the core, a second coating layer coated outside the first coating layer, a third coating layer coated outside the second coating layer and a fourth coating layer coated outside the third coating layer; wherein the core comprises the following raw materials: hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, fermented sesame meal, rice bran meal, plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite, bamboo charcoal powder and polylactic acid.
Preferably, the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by adopting the following process:
dissolving hydroxypropyl cellulose in water, adding sodium polyacrylate, stirring, adding fermented sesame seed meal, rice bran meal, plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite, bamboo charcoal powder and polylactic acid, stirring, and granulating to obtain a core;
mixing chicken manure, vinasse, wood chips and camphor leaves, drying, crushing, feeding into a fermentation tank for fermentation, then adding an inner core, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate, stirring, and granulating to obtain a material a;
uniformly mixing sodium starch octenylsuccinate, kaolin particles and water, adding sodium hydroxide, stirring, adjusting the temperature, stirring, adding lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
spraying the adhesive liquid on the material a to obtain a coating material b;
uniformly mixing ammonium bicarbonate and potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding urea, ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate, coconut shell carbon powder, cow dung, coptis chinensis dregs, pyrethrum powder and garlic powder, and crushing to obtain a sticky material c;
spraying the mixed liquid of tung oil and paraffin on the surface of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
and (3) feeding the Arabic gum and the superfine humic acid into water, stirring, adding the coating material d, the ground phosphate rock, the horse dung and the puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release fertilizer special for cotton.
Specifically, the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by the following process:
I. dissolving 8-14 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose in 12-16 parts by weight of water, adding 0.05-0.13 part of sodium polyacrylate, uniformly stirring, adding 20-30 parts of fermented sesame meal, 14-20 parts of rice bran meal, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 4-10 parts of peat soil, 3-9 parts of expanded perlite, 2-6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder and 2-4 parts of polylactic acid under the stirring state, uniformly stirring at the stirring speed of 50-120r/min, and granulating by using a screw granulator to obtain an inner core;
II. Mixing 25-45 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of vinasse, 30-50 parts of wood chips and 10-18 parts of camphor leaves according to parts by weight, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 90-180min, crushing to 80 meshes, feeding into a fermentation tank for fermentation, then adding 50-80 parts of kernels, 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2-4 parts of calcium phosphate, 1-2 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate and 2-4 parts of potassium sulfate, stirring at the speed of 1400 plus 1800r/min for 15-25min, and adopting a disc granulator for granulation to obtain a material a;
III, uniformly mixing 15-25 parts by weight of sodium starch octenylsuccinate, 10-20 parts by weight of kaolin particles and 70-130 parts by weight of water, adding 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 30-50min, adjusting the temperature to 55-65 ℃, stirring for 8-14min, adding 0.2-0.4 part by weight of lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
IV, spraying 10-20 parts of the material a by 30-40 parts of the adhesive liquid by a high-pressure spraying method according to parts by weight to obtain a coating material b;
v, uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate with the particle size of 250-450 meshes and 5-9 parts by weight of potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding 20-30 parts by weight of urea, 8-16 parts by weight of ammonium chloride, 8-16 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 10-20 parts by weight of coconut shell carbon powder, 16-24 parts by weight of cow dung, 2-4 parts by weight of coptis herb residue, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of pyrethrum powder and 1-2 parts by weight of garlic powder, and feeding the mixture into an airflow pulverizer to pulverize the mixture to 2500-3000 meshes to obtain a sticky material c;
VI, spraying a mixed liquid of 4-8 parts by weight of tung oil and 2-4 parts by weight of paraffin on the surface of 60-70 parts by weight of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
VII, feeding 4-6 parts by weight of Arabic gum and 16-28 parts by weight of superfine humic acid into 18-26 parts by weight of water, stirring for 20-40min at 55-60 ℃, adding 60-80 parts by weight of coating material d, 40-60 parts by weight of ground phosphate rock, 18-24 parts by weight of horse dung and 15-25 parts by weight of puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release fertilizer special for cotton.
In the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, the fourth coating layer provides proper phosphorus nutrient elements for the cotton in the bud period, so that the growth requirement of the bud period is met, and the absorption of nutrients in the bud period is less, so that the nutritional requirement of the bud period is met by adding horse dung and puffed soybean meal as nutritional reinforcing components and matching with the action of superfine humic acid, and meanwhile, the fertilizer can be converted into soil organic matters, the soil structure is improved, the soil structure cannot be damaged or polluted, and a foundation is laid for the soil quality and the nutritional requirement of the later flowering period.
Tung oil and paraffin are sprayed on the surface of the second coating layer to provide the adhesive force of the second coating layer, and then the second coating layer is placed in the adhesive material c to roll to form a third coating layer; the third coating layer is prepared by compounding 400-mesh ammonium bicarbonate and potassium hydroxide activating agent with the grain diameter of 200-.
The second coating layer adopts a material a and an adhesive liquid to coat the inner core, wherein the adhesive liquid takes borax as a cross-linking agent, the colloid viscosity is moderate, the colloid is not deformed after long-term storage, the obtained coated fertilizer particles have a certain disintegration degree and can be dispersed in soil to provide nutrients and organic matters, the sodium hydroxide can increase the hydroxyl density of a kaolin particle sheet layer, a hydrogen bond is promoted to generate strong acting force, the compatibility with starch sodium octenyl succinate is good, the lecithin can form a compact interfacial film on an interfacial layer to play a protection role, the nutrients contained in the material a are slowly released through an affinity effect, the bud and bell maturing rate is promoted to be high, the bud and bell are large and less in shedding, no element symptoms appear before and after growth and development, and the flower yield is improved by more than 15%.
The inner core adopts sodium polyacrylate and hydroxypropyl cellulose to realize the winding of molecular chains, and the hydrophobic main chain of the hydroxypropyl cellulose is combined with surrounding water molecules through hydrogen bonds, so that the molecular chains are wound on the surfaces of fermented sesame seed meal, rice bran meal, plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite and bamboo charcoal powder in an unordered state at the rotating speed of 50-120r/min, thereby not only providing nutrients for cotton subjected to topping, but also promoting the cotton to be quickly defoliated and thoroughly defoliated, accelerating the boll opening of the cotton immediately after the green leaves are defoliated, inhibiting the green late ripening, improving the cotton grade, improving the boll opening rate by 5.2-12.7 percent, shortening the whole growth period of the cotton by 60-70 days, particularly concentrating the boll opening period of the cotton within 30-40 days, and facilitating the manual concentrated boll opening or mechanical boll opening.
Preferably, in step (4), the operation parameters of the drone are as follows: when the wind speed is below 5m/s, the flying speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3-4m/s, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 1.5-2m, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 0.8-1L/mu.
Because unmanned plant protection machine has the operating efficiency height, uses medicine fewly, respond well, safety, advantage with low costs, unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control cotton plant diseases and insect pests and is fit for the cotton area precocious direct seeding cotton in Yangtze river basin to use by a large scale in the aspect of chemical regulation and control, solves the cotton middle and later stage very much, and the cotton field is airtight, avoids that mechanical laxative is big to the cotton injury, the manual laxative walking difficulty scheduling problem of motor-driven atomizer.
Preferably, in the step (5), 20-30% by mass of mepiquat chloride solution is sprayed to shape a standard plant type in the seedling stage, the bud stage, the boll stage and the boll opening stage, wherein the spraying amount is 22-26 mL/mu, and the ratio of the bud stage: and (3) flowering period: a bell period: the ratio of the usage amount after topping is 1: 2: 3: 6.
because the limited fruit branch type early-maturing direct-seeding cotton has the characteristics of high seeding density, strong population advantages and requirement of full chemical control, mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the seedling stage, the bud stage, the boll stage and the boll opening stage to mold the standard plant type, so that the over-vigorous vegetative growth is prevented, and the transformation to reproductive growth cannot be effectively realized.
Preferably, in the step (5), the ripener is used in the harvest season to increase the boll opening speed and shorten the harvest time, and the ripener comprises the following components in the application amount: 30 g/mu of thidiazuron solution with the mass fraction of 45-55 percent and 80 mL/mu of ethephon solution with the mass fraction of 35-45 percent.
Aiming at the problems of labor and time waste, high investment, long production time and low benefit in the production of cotton in Yangtze river basin, the invention ensures that the cotton is cultivated in a short, dense and early manner by the steps of cotton breeding, mechanical sowing, balanced fertilization, unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control, chemical regulation and the like, thereby realizing the increase of cotton planting recovery in the cotton area in the Yangtze river basin and having good application prospect.
The traditional cultivation method of cotton in Yangtze river basin is mainly a nutrition pot seedling raising and transplanting technology, and needs to undergo the links of seedling raising, transplanting, disease and pest control, multiple fertilization, pruning and twitching, chemical regulation, topping, repeated harvesting and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control in step (4) of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the boll stage during cultivation using the method of example 5.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the blooming period in the cultivation process according to the method of example 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin;
the short fruit branch cotton No. 2 is adopted;
(2) a mechanized sowing technology;
timely cleaning stubbles after harvesting the previous stubbles, and leveling the soil by adopting a laser soil leveling instrument; the optimal sowing time is 6 months and 1 day before, and is not later than 6 months and 10 days, and the sunny sowing is optimal after rain; delinting and coating the cottonseed before sowing, wherein the germination rate of the seed is more than 90%;
the Shandong Weifang Shengxu mechanical Limited company 2BF-6 seeder is used, an oriental red 904 tractor is used as power, 4 rows are sown once, 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole at each time, the row spacing is 55cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the total sowing quantity is 1.4 ten thousand seeds/mu, the sowing depth is 3cm, and the density is 7400 strains/mu, so that the effect that no thinning is needed after one full seedling is sown is achieved;
timely checking the sowing condition after sowing to prevent mistaken sowing and missed sowing, and timely preventing and controlling snails and underground pests after emergence of seedlings;
(3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology;
the fertilizing amount is as follows: 12 kg/mu of urea, 23 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes, 27 kg/mu of special slow-release fertilizer for cotton and N, P in the special slow-release fertilizer for cotton2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 7: 10: 17;
the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by the following process:
I. dissolving 14kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose in 12kg of water, adding 0.13kg of sodium polyacrylate, uniformly stirring, adding 20kg of fermented sesame seed meal, 20kg of rice bran meal, 20kg of plant ash, 10kg of peat soil, 3kg of expanded perlite, 6kg of bamboo charcoal powder and 2kg of polylactic acid under the stirring state, uniformly stirring at the stirring speed of 120r/min, and granulating by using a screw granulator to obtain a kernel;
II. Mixing 25kg of chicken manure, 20kg of vinasse, 30kg of wood chips and 18kg of camphor leaves, drying at 60 ℃ for 180min, crushing to 80 meshes, fermenting in a fermentation tank, adding 50kg of inner core, 1.5kg of ammonium sulfate, 1kg of diammonium phosphate, 4kg of calcium phosphate, 1kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 4kg of potassium sulfate, stirring at the speed of 1400r/min for 25min, and granulating by using a disc granulator to obtain a material a;
III, uniformly mixing 15kg of sodium starch octenyl succinate, 20kg of kaolin particles and 70kg of water, adding 2.5kg of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 30min, adjusting the temperature to 65 ℃, stirring for 8min, adding 0.4kg of lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
IV, spraying 20kg of the material a with 30kg of adhesive liquid by adopting a high-pressure spraying method to obtain a coating material b;
v, uniformly mixing 30kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the particle size of 450 meshes and 5kg of potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding 30kg of urea, 8kg of ammonium chloride, 16kg of potassium nitrate, 10kg of coconut shell carbon powder, 24kg of cow dung, 2kg of coptis chinensis dregs, 2.5kg of pyrethrum powder and 1kg of garlic powder, and feeding the mixture into a jet mill to be ground into 3000 meshes to obtain a sticky material c;
VI, spraying a mixed liquid of 4kg of tung oil and 4kg of paraffin on the surface of 60kg of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
VII, feeding 6kg of arabic gum and 16kg of superfine humic acid into 26kg of water, stirring for 40min at 55 ℃, adding 60kg of coating material d, 60kg of phosphate rock powder, 18kg of horse dung and 25kg of puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release fertilizer special for cotton;
(4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology;
the unmanned aerial vehicle operation parameters are as follows: when the wind speed is below 5m/s, the flying speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3m/s, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 2m, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 0.8L/mu;
(5) a whole-process chemical regulation and control technology;
spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 30% in a seedling stage, a bud stage, a flower bell stage and a boll opening stage to shape a standard plant type, wherein the spraying amount is 22 mL/mu, and the bud stage is as follows: and (3) flowering period: a bell period: the ratio of the usage amount after topping is 1: 2: 3: 6;
in the harvest season, the ripener is used for accelerating the boll opening speed and shortening the harvest time, and the ripener comprises the following components in percentage by application: 30 g/mu of thidiazuron solution with the mass fraction of 55 percent and 80 mL/mu of ethephon solution with the mass fraction of 35 percent.
Example 2
A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin;
the short fruit branch cotton No. 2 is adopted;
(2) a mechanized sowing technology;
timely cleaning stubbles after harvesting the previous stubbles, and leveling the soil by adopting a laser soil leveling instrument; the optimal sowing time is 6 months and 1 day before, and is not later than 6 months and 10 days, and the sunny sowing is optimal after rain; delinting and coating the cottonseed before sowing, wherein the germination rate of the seed is more than 90%;
the Shandong Weifang Shengxu mechanical Limited company 2BF-6 seeder is used, an oriental red 904 tractor is used as power, 4 rows are sown once, 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole at each time, the row spacing is 65cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the total sowing quantity is 1.6 ten thousand seeds/mu, the sowing depth is 2.5cm, and the density is 7600 strains/mu, so that the effect that no thinning is needed after full seedlings are sown is achieved;
timely checking the sowing condition after sowing to prevent mistaken sowing and missed sowing, and timely preventing and controlling snails and underground pests after emergence of seedlings;
(3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology;
the fertilizing amount is as follows: 8 kg/mu of urea, 27 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes, 23 kg/mu of special slow-release fertilizer for cotton and N, P in the special slow-release fertilizer for cotton2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 9: 8: 20;
the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by the following process:
I. dissolving 8kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose in 16kg of water, adding 0.05kg of sodium polyacrylate, uniformly stirring, adding 30kg of fermented sesame seed meal, 14kg of rice bran meal, 30kg of plant ash, 4kg of peat soil, 9kg of expanded perlite, 2kg of bamboo charcoal powder and 4kg of polylactic acid under a stirring state, uniformly stirring at a stirring speed of 50r/min, and granulating by using a screw granulator to obtain a kernel;
II. Mixing 45kg of chicken manure, 10kg of vinasse, 50kg of wood chips and 10kg of camphor leaves, drying at 80 ℃ for 90min, crushing to 80 meshes, feeding into a fermentation tank for fermentation, adding 80kg of inner core, 0.5kg of ammonium sulfate, 2kg of diammonium phosphate, 2kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 2kg of potassium sulfate, stirring at the speed of 1800r/min for 15min, and granulating by adopting a disc granulator to obtain a material a;
III, uniformly mixing 25kg of sodium starch octenylsuccinate, 10kg of kaolin particles and 130kg of water, adding 1.5kg of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 50min, adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, stirring for 14min, adding 0.2kg of lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
IV, spraying 40kg of adhesive liquid to 10kg of material a by adopting a high-pressure spraying method to obtain a coating material b;
v, uniformly mixing 50kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the particle size of 250 meshes and 9kg of potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding 20kg of urea, 16kg of ammonium chloride, 8kg of potassium nitrate, 20kg of coconut shell carbon powder, 16kg of cow dung, 4kg of coptis chinensis dregs, 1.5kg of pyrethrum powder and 2kg of garlic powder, and feeding the mixture into a jet mill to be ground to 2500 meshes to obtain a sticky material c;
VI, spraying a mixed liquid of 8kg of tung oil and 2kg of paraffin on the surface of 70kg of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
VII, feeding 4kg of arabic gum and 28kg of superfine humic acid into 18kg of water, stirring for 20min at 60 ℃, adding 80kg of coating material d, 40kg of phosphate rock powder, 24kg of horse dung and 15kg of puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release fertilizer special for cotton;
(4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology;
the unmanned aerial vehicle operation parameters are as follows: when the wind speed is below 5m/s, the flying speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 4m/s, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 1.5m, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 1L/mu;
(5) a whole-process chemical regulation and control technology;
spraying 20% by mass of mepiquat chloride solution to shape a standard plant type in a seedling stage, a bud stage, a boll stage and a boll opening stage, wherein the spraying amount is 26 mL/mu, and the bud stage is as follows: and (3) flowering period: a bell period: the ratio of the usage amount after topping is 1: 2: 3: 6;
in the harvest season, the ripener is used for accelerating the boll opening speed and shortening the harvest time, and the ripener comprises the following components in percentage by application: 30 g/mu of thidiazuron solution with the mass fraction of 45 percent, and 80 mL/mu of ethephon solution with the mass fraction of 45 percent.
Example 3
A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin;
the short fruit branch cotton No. 2 is adopted;
(2) a mechanized sowing technology;
timely cleaning stubbles after harvesting the previous stubbles, and leveling the soil by adopting a laser soil leveling instrument; the optimal sowing time is 6 months and 1 day before, and is not later than 6 months and 10 days, and the sunny sowing is optimal after rain; delinting and coating the cottonseed before sowing, wherein the germination rate of the seed is more than 90%;
the Shandong Weifang Shengxu Rou mechanical Limited company 2BF-6 seeder is used, an oriental red 904 tractor is used as power, 4 rows are sown once, 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole at each time, the row spacing is 58cm, the plant spacing is 18cm, the total sowing quantity is 1.45 ten thousand seeds/mu, the sowing depth is 2.8cm, and the density is 7450 strains/mu, so that the effect that no thinning is needed after full seedlings are sown is achieved;
timely checking the sowing condition after sowing to prevent mistaken sowing and missed sowing, and timely preventing and controlling snails and underground pests after emergence of seedlings;
(3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology;
the fertilizing amount is as follows: 11 kg/mu of urea, 24 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes, 26 kg/mu of special slow-release fertilizer for cotton and N, P in the special slow-release fertilizer for cotton2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 7.5: 9.5: 18;
the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by the following process:
I. dissolving 12kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose in 13kg of water, adding 0.09kg of sodium polyacrylate, uniformly stirring, adding 23kg of fermented sesame seed meal, 18kg of rice bran meal, 22kg of plant ash, 8kg of peat soil, 4kg of expanded perlite, 5kg of bamboo charcoal powder and 2.5kg of polylactic acid under the stirring state, uniformly stirring at the stirring speed of 100r/min, and granulating by using a screw granulator to obtain an inner core;
II. Mixing 30kg of chicken manure, 18kg of vinasse, 35kg of wood chips and 16kg of camphor leaves, drying at 65 ℃ for 160min, crushing to 80 meshes, feeding into a fermentation tank for fermentation, adding 60kg of inner core, 1.2kg of ammonium sulfate, 1.3kg of diammonium phosphate, 3.5kg of calcium phosphate, 1.3kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 3.5kg of potassium sulfate, stirring at the speed of 1500r/min for 22min, and granulating by adopting a disc granulator to obtain a material a;
III, uniformly mixing 18kg of sodium starch octenyl succinate, 17kg of kaolin particles and 80kg of water, adding 2.2kg of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 35min, adjusting the temperature to 62 ℃, stirring for 10min, adding 0.35kg of lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
IV, spraying 18kg of the material a with 33kg of adhesive liquid by adopting a high-pressure spraying method to obtain a coating material b;
v, uniformly mixing 35kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the particle size of 400 meshes and 6kg of potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding 28kg of urea, 10kg of ammonium chloride, 14kg of potassium nitrate, 12kg of coconut shell carbon powder, 22kg of cow dung, 2.5kg of coptis root dregs, 2.2kg of pyrethrin powder and 1.3kg of garlic powder, and feeding the mixture into a jet mill to be crushed to 2800 meshes to obtain a sticky material c;
VI, spraying a mixed liquid of 5kg of tung oil and 3.5kg of paraffin on the surface of 63kg of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
VII, feeding 5.5kg of Arabic gum and 18kg of superfine humic acid into 24kg of water, stirring for 35min at 56 ℃, adding 65kg of coating material d, 55kg of ground phosphate rock, 20kg of horse dung and 22kg of puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release fertilizer special for cotton;
(4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology;
the unmanned aerial vehicle operation parameters are as follows: when the wind speed is below 5m/s, the flying speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3.3m/s, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 1.8m, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 0.85L/mu;
(5) a whole-process chemical regulation and control technology;
spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 28% in a seedling stage, a bud stage, a flower bell stage and a boll opening stage to shape a standard plant type, wherein the spraying amount is 23 mL/mu, and the bud stage is as follows: and (3) flowering period: a bell period: the ratio of the usage amount after topping is 1: 2: 3: 6;
in the harvest season, the ripener is used for accelerating the boll opening speed and shortening the harvest time, and the ripener comprises the following components in percentage by application: 30 g/mu of thidiazuron solution with the mass fraction of 52 percent and 80 mL/mu of ethephon solution with the mass fraction of 38 percent.
Example 4
A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin;
the short fruit branch cotton No. 2 is adopted;
(2) a mechanized sowing technology;
timely cleaning stubbles after harvesting the previous stubbles, and leveling the soil by adopting a laser soil leveling instrument; the optimal sowing time is 6 months and 1 day before, and is not later than 6 months and 10 days, and the sunny sowing is optimal after rain; delinting and coating the cottonseed before sowing, wherein the germination rate of the seed is more than 90%;
the Shandong Weifang Shengxu Rou mechanical Limited company 2BF-6 seeder is used, an oriental red 904 tractor is used as power, 4 rows are sown once, 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole at each time, the row spacing is 62cm, the plant spacing is 16cm, the total sowing quantity is 1.55 ten thousand seeds/mu, the sowing depth is 2.6cm, and the density is 7550 plants/mu, so that the effect that no thinning is needed after full seedlings are sown is achieved;
timely checking the sowing condition after sowing to prevent mistaken sowing and missed sowing, and timely preventing and controlling snails and underground pests after emergence of seedlings;
(3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology;
the fertilizing amount is as follows: 9 kg/mu of urea, 26 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes, 24 kg/mu of special slow-release fertilizer for cotton and N, P in the special slow-release fertilizer for cotton2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 8.5: 8.5: 19;
the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by the following process:
I. dissolving 10kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose in 15kg of water, adding 0.07kg of sodium polyacrylate, uniformly stirring, adding 27kg of fermented sesame seed meal, 16kg of rice bran meal, 28kg of plant ash, 6kg of peat soil, 8kg of expanded perlite, 3kg of bamboo charcoal powder and 3.5kg of polylactic acid under the stirring state, uniformly stirring at the stirring speed of 60r/min, and granulating by using a screw granulator to obtain an inner core;
II. Mixing 40kg of chicken manure, 12kg of vinasse, 45kg of wood chips and 12kg of camphor leaves, drying at 75 ℃ for 120min, crushing to 80 meshes, feeding into a fermentation tank for fermentation, adding 70kg of inner core, 0.8kg of ammonium sulfate, 1.7kg of diammonium phosphate, 2.5kg of calcium phosphate, 1.7kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 2.5kg of potassium sulfate, stirring at the speed of 1700r/min for 18min, and granulating by adopting a disc granulator to obtain a material a;
III, uniformly mixing 22kg of sodium starch octenyl succinate, 13kg of kaolin particles and 120kg of water, adding 1.8kg of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 45min, adjusting the temperature to 58 ℃, stirring for 12min, adding 0.25kg of lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
IV, spraying 37kg of adhesive liquid to 12kg of material a by adopting a high-pressure spraying method to obtain a coating material b;
v, uniformly mixing 45kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the particle size of 300 meshes and 8kg of potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding 22kg of urea, 14kg of ammonium chloride, 10kg of potassium nitrate, 18kg of coconut shell carbon powder, 18kg of cow dung, 3.5kg of coptis chinensis dregs, 1.8kg of pyrethrin powder and 1.7kg of garlic powder, and feeding the mixture into a jet mill to be crushed to 2600 meshes to obtain a sticky material c;
VI, spraying a mixed liquid of 7kg of tung oil and 2.5kg of paraffin on the surface of 67kg of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
VII, feeding 4.5kg of Arabic gum and 26kg of superfine humic acid into 20kg of water, stirring for 25min at 58 ℃, adding 75kg of coating material d, 45kg of ground phosphate rock, 22kg of horse dung and 18kg of puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow-release fertilizer special for cotton;
(4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology;
the unmanned aerial vehicle operation parameters are as follows: when the wind speed is below 5m/s, the flying speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3.7m/s, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 1.6m, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 0.95L/mu;
(5) a whole-process chemical regulation and control technology;
spraying a mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 22% in a seedling stage, a bud stage, a boll stage and a boll opening stage to shape a standard plant type, wherein the spraying amount is 25 mL/mu, and the bud stage is as follows: and (3) flowering period: a bell period: the ratio of the usage amount after topping is 1: 2: 3: 6;
in the harvest season, the ripener is used for accelerating the boll opening speed and shortening the harvest time, and the ripener comprises the following components in percentage by application: 30 g/mu of thidiazuron solution with the mass fraction of 48 percent, and 80 mL/mu of ethephon solution with the mass fraction of 42 percent.
Example 5
A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin;
the short fruit branch cotton No. 2 is adopted;
(2) a mechanized sowing technology;
timely cleaning stubbles after harvesting the previous stubbles, and leveling the soil by adopting a laser soil leveling instrument; the optimal sowing time is 6 months and 1 day before, and is not later than 6 months and 10 days, and the sunny sowing is optimal after rain; delinting and coating the cottonseed before sowing, wherein the germination rate of the seed is more than 90%;
the Shandong Weifang Shengxu Rou mechanical Limited company 2BF-6 seeder is used, an oriental red 904 tractor is used as power, 4 rows are sown once, 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole at each time, the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 17cm, the total sowing quantity is 1.5 ten thousand seeds/mu, the sowing depth is 2.7cm, and the density is 7500 strains/mu, so that the effect that no thinning is needed after full seedlings are sown is achieved;
timely checking the sowing condition after sowing to prevent mistaken sowing and missed sowing, and timely preventing and controlling snails and underground pests after emergence of seedlings;
(3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology;
the fertilizing amount is as follows: 10 kg/mu of urea, 25 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes, 25 kg/mu of special slow-release fertilizer for cotton and N, P in the special slow-release fertilizer for cotton2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 8: 8: 18.5;
the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by the following process:
I. dissolving 11kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose in 14kg of water, adding 0.08kg of sodium polyacrylate, uniformly stirring, adding 25kg of fermented sesame seed meal, 17kg of rice bran meal, 25kg of plant ash, 7kg of peat soil, 6kg of expanded perlite, 4kg of bamboo charcoal powder and 3kg of polylactic acid under a stirring state, uniformly stirring at a stirring speed of 80r/min, and granulating by using a screw granulator to obtain a kernel;
II. Mixing 35kg of chicken manure, 15kg of vinasse, 40kg of wood chips and 14kg of camphor leaves, drying at 70 ℃ for 140min, crushing to 80 meshes, feeding into a fermentation tank for fermentation, adding 65kg of inner core, 1kg of ammonium sulfate, 1.5kg of diammonium phosphate, 3kg of calcium phosphate, 1.5kg of calcium ammonium nitrate and 3kg of potassium sulfate, stirring at the speed of 1600r/min for 20min, and granulating by adopting a disc granulator to obtain a material a;
III, uniformly mixing 20kg of sodium starch octenyl succinate, 15kg of kaolin particles and 100kg of water, adding 2kg of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 40min, adjusting the temperature to 60 ℃, stirring for 11min, adding 0.3kg of lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
IV, spraying 15kg of the material a with 35kg of adhesive liquid by adopting a high-pressure spraying method to obtain a coating material b;
v, uniformly mixing 40kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the particle size of 350 meshes and 7kg of potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding 25kg of urea, 12kg of ammonium chloride, 12kg of potassium nitrate, 15kg of coconut shell carbon powder, 20kg of cow dung, 3kg of coptis chinensis dregs, 2kg of pyrethrum powder and 1.5kg of garlic powder, and feeding the mixture into a jet mill to be crushed to 2700 meshes to obtain a sticky material c;
VI, spraying a mixed liquid of 6kg of tung oil and 3kg of paraffin on the surface of 65kg of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
VII, feeding 5kg of arabic gum and 22kg of superfine humic acid into 22kg of water, stirring for 30min at 57 ℃, adding 70kg of coating material d, 50kg of phosphate rock powder, 21kg of horse dung and 20kg of puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release fertilizer special for cotton;
(4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology;
the unmanned aerial vehicle operation parameters are as follows: when the wind speed is below 5m/s, the flying speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3.5m/s, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 1.7m, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 0.9L/mu;
(5) a whole-process chemical regulation and control technology;
spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 25% in a seedling stage, a bud stage, a flower bell stage and a boll opening stage to shape a standard plant type, wherein the spraying amount is 24 mL/mu; wherein the spraying amount in the bud period is 2 mL/mu, the spraying amount in the flower period is 4 mL/mu, the spraying amount in the bell period is 6 mL/mu, and the spraying amount after topping is 12 mL/mu;
in the harvest season, the ripener is used for accelerating the boll opening speed and shortening the harvest time, and the ripener comprises the following components in percentage by application: 30 g/mu of thidiazuron solution with the mass fraction of 50 percent and 80 mL/mu of ethephon solution with the mass fraction of 40 percent.
Comparative example 1
Quote the relative results of the regional trial with short fruit branch cotton No. 2 in 2015.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 5 is that the fertilizing amount in the step (3) is as follows: 10 kg/mu of urea, 25 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes and 25 kg/mu of slow-release fertilizer special for Selt cotton.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 5 is that the fertilizing amount in the step (3) is as follows: 10kg of urea and 25kg of rapeseed cakes per mu.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the example 5 is that the manual pesticide spraying of a motor sprayer is adopted in the step (4).
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 5 is that no step (5) is present and no global chemical regulation is carried out.
The test is carried out in a certain place of Yangtze river basin of Anhui province, the total area of a test field is 9 mu, the soil quality of the test field is yellow loam, the formed matrix is river flushing deposit, the drainage and irrigation conditions are good, and the previous crop is rape. The soil sampling assay results are as follows: contains organic matter 15.8mg/kg, total nitrogen 1.24%, P2O5 23.2mg/kg，K2O131 mg/kg, pH 6.8. The test field was divided into 6 blocks, and cotton was randomly cultivated by the method of example 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5, with 3 replicates per group, each 0.5 acre.
The results are as follows:
from the above table, it can be seen that: the method of the invention promotes the growth of cotton plants, reduces the labor intensity and improves the cotton yield.
The acre is an area unit, and the conversion relation is as follows: 1 mu is approximately equal to 666.67 square meters (m)2)。
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality early-maturing cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting cotton varieties for direct seeding of limited fruit branch types in Yangtze river basin;
(2) a mechanized sowing technology;
(3) a one-time balanced fertilization technology; fertilization measuring deviceThe following were used: 8-12 kg/mu of urea, 23-27 kg/mu of rapeseed cakes, 23-27 kg/mu of slow release fertilizer special for cotton and N, P in slow release fertilizer special for cotton2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is 7-9: 8-10: 17-20;
the slow release fertilizer special for cotton comprises: the core, a first coating layer coated outside the core, a second coating layer coated outside the first coating layer, a third coating layer coated outside the second coating layer and a fourth coating layer coated outside the third coating layer; wherein the core comprises the following raw materials: hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, fermented sesame meal, rice bran meal, plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite, bamboo charcoal powder and polylactic acid;
the special slow release fertilizer for cotton is prepared by the following process:
dissolving hydroxypropyl cellulose in water, adding sodium polyacrylate, stirring, adding fermented sesame seed meal, rice bran meal, plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite, bamboo charcoal powder and polylactic acid, stirring, and granulating to obtain a core;
mixing chicken manure, vinasse, wood chips and camphor leaves, drying, crushing, feeding into a fermentation tank for fermentation, then adding an inner core, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate, stirring, and granulating to obtain a material a;
uniformly mixing sodium starch octenylsuccinate, kaolin particles and water, adding sodium hydroxide, stirring, adjusting the temperature, stirring, adding lecithin, and uniformly stirring to obtain an adhesive solution;
spraying the adhesive liquid on the material a to obtain a coating material b;
uniformly mixing ammonium bicarbonate and potassium hydroxide activating agent, adding urea, ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate, coconut shell carbon powder, cow dung, coptis chinensis dregs, pyrethrum powder and garlic powder, and crushing to obtain a sticky material c;
spraying the mixed liquid of tung oil and paraffin on the surface of the coating material b, and then placing the coating material b in the adhesive material c to roll to obtain a coating material d;
feeding arabic gum and superfine humic acid into water, stirring, adding the coating material d, the ground phosphate rock, the horse dung and the puffed soybean meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain the slow release fertilizer special for cotton;
(4) unmanned aerial vehicle prevention and control technology;
(5) whole-course chemical regulation and control technology.
2. The method for cultivating high-yield high-quality early-maturing cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the stubble is removed and the land is leveled in time after the previous crop is harvested, and the cotton seeds are delinted and coated before being sowed, so that the sowing amount is controlled.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (2), the germination rate of the seeds is more than 90%, the seeds are sowed once every time with 1-2 seeds, the row spacing is 55-65cm, the plant spacing is 15-20cm, the total sowing amount is 1.3-1.7 ten thousand seeds/mu, and the density is 7300-7700 plants/mu.
4. The method for cultivating high-yield high-quality early-maturing cotton according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the unmanned aerial vehicle operation parameters are as follows: when the wind speed is below 5m/s, the flying speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3-4m/s, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 1.5-2m, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 0.8-1L/mu.
5. The method for cultivating high-yield high-quality early-maturing cotton according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), a mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 20-30% is sprayed to shape a standard plant type in a seedling stage, a bud stage, a boll stage and a boll opening stage, wherein the spraying amount is 22-26 mL/mu, and the bud stage: and (3) flowering period: a bell period: the ratio of the usage amount after topping is 1: 2: 3: 6.
6. the method for cultivating high yield high quality early maturing cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the ripening agent is used in the harvesting season to increase the boll opening speed, and the ripening agent comprises the following components in the application amount: 30 g/mu of thidiazuron solution with the mass fraction of 45-55 percent and 80 mL/mu of ethephon solution with the mass fraction of 35-45 percent.
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