CN106888780A - Summer live cultivation method for premature after a kind of short season cotton wheat - Google Patents
Summer live cultivation method for premature after a kind of short season cotton wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN106888780A CN106888780A CN201710044312.6A CN201710044312A CN106888780A CN 106888780 A CN106888780 A CN 106888780A CN 201710044312 A CN201710044312 A CN 201710044312A CN 106888780 A CN106888780 A CN 106888780A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The present invention provides summer live cultivation method for premature after a kind of short season cotton wheat, robs that stubble sowing, fast, morning of buddingging of emerging, the morning of blooming, blow-of-cottons are early after the method short season cotton wheat, flower rate is improved before frost, and breeding time is shorter.The inventive method is not only broken the normal procedure the bottleneck of the shortening of cotton one, and flower rate is low before solving the problems, such as the conventional late-maturing low yield of short season cotton summer sowing, frost.While yield is ensured, shorten the short season cotton field growing time as far as possible, realize that short season cotton is precocious, really realize that wheat cotton two is ripe.The inventive method is particularly suited for the Huanghe valley.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to summer live cultivation method for premature after a kind of short season cotton wheat, belong to technical field of cotton culture.
Background technology
Cotton as Chinese Important Agricultural strategic material, be both textile garment industry and the important agriculture earned foreign exchange of products export
Products material, is also large industrial crops of increasing peasant income, in view of international and domestic market demand, determines China as plant cotton
The status of big country is equally unshakable.But in recent years, with industrialization, the fast development of urbanization, the growth of China human mortality
Be with the reduction of cultivated area it is irreversible, agricultural structure adjustment, grain and cotton strive ground contradiction, plant cotton comparative effectiveness decline etc. because
Element, causes plant cotton area drastically to decline.
Grain security production be primary all the time under the premise of, how to be produced on limited arable land enough grain and
Cotton is the first-class task of Chinese planting industry.In the following longer term, to improve cotton total yield, making up the huge breach of raw cotton,
Plant cotton direction need from a shortening to grain and cotton two it is ripe to so that multiple cropping development.Cotton wheat yielding two crops a year planting patterns covers mode between pressing can
It is divided into cotton Cropping Patterns after wheat set cotton intercropping system and wheat, the former covers cotton, cotton or wheat stubble cotton after the latter abbreviation wheat by abbreviation wheat.And it is every
The mode of kind can be divided into Fields of Cotton Planted and Transplanted Cotton again by its planting technology.
Short season cotton exactly complies with the product of this developing direction, carries out short season cotton summer sowing planting technology, research and development
Wheat cotton continuous cropping cropping pattern is that stabilization plants cotton area, realizes the only way that grain and cotton synchronously increases production.However, conventional cotton sowing directly after barley
Flower is postponed than the sowing time of transplanted cotton flower, conventional short season cotton, the sunshine-duration is on the low side, accumulated temperature relative deficiency, causes cotton
Flower rate is low before there is late-maturing low yield, frost.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided summer live ealy maturing culture side after a kind of short season cotton wheat
Method, the method short season cotton robs that stubble sowing, fast, morning of buddingging of emerging, the morning of blooming, blow-of-cottons are early, flower rate is improved before frost, and breeding time is shorter.
The inventive method is not only broken the normal procedure the bottleneck of the shortening of cotton one, and solve the conventional late-maturing low yield of short season cotton summer sowing,
The low problem of flower rate before white.While yield is ensured, shorten the short season cotton field growing time as far as possible, realize short season cotton morning
Ripe and wheat cotton two is ripe.It is particularly suited for the Huanghe valley.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows：Summer live precocity after a kind of short season cotton wheat
Cultural method, using robbing stubble sowing, ridging overlay film, early final singling, early pinch, a small amount of repeatedly spray mepiquat chloride, early beat defoliation ripening
Agent, the technical measures of early harvest, i.e. stubble sowing is robbed after wheat harvest, ridging overlay film, 3-5 leaf phase final singlings are pinched during 7-8 fruit branch, are contained
Flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage spray mepiquat chloride, defoliation ripening when blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 50% respectively.
Comprise the following steps that：
(1) Fruit variety and Seed Treatment：Using super early mature short season cotton variety, lint is carried out to seed, is coated, it is selected strong
The strong seed of strong, full, germinating energy, carries out being exposed to the sun 2 days before broadcasting to seed.
(2) seedbed preparation：On wheat June 8 or so harvested, and wheat stubble was crushed 2 times in time after results, to ensure stalk length control
System is in below 2cm.Per 666.7m2Base manure applies situation：The side of cow dung 2, slow-release or control-release fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O：24-8-10, it is total effectively into
Divide 42%) 50kg.And rotary tillage soil-working is carried out to plot.
(3) seeding method：Use mechanical disposable completion ridging mulch sowing, it is desirable to which row spacing is 0.8m, and ridge is a height of
0.15m, ridge face is smooth, without large clod；2 row short season cotton seeds are planted on one ridge, sow uniform, without disconnected ridge situation of being short of seedling；Overlay film pressure
Soil, prevents from dissipating moisture in the soil, it is ensured that short season cotton is emerged the temperature and moisture of needs under film, strives for early emerging.
(4) planting density：In short season cotton 3-5 leaf phase final singlings, note during final singling it is weak stay strong, seedling spacing tries one's best uniform one
Cause, per 666.7m28000 plants -10000 plants of seedling is stayed, small individual big colony is set up, promotees early with close.
(5) cotton training is repaiied：After short season cotton is buddingged, the nutrition branch below removal fruit branch, can reduce nutrient consumption in time, protect
Card leg space ventilation printing opacity, reduces rotten bell.
(6) pinch：Short season cotton it is long to 7-8 fruit branch when pinch, reduce fruit branch growth nutrient consumption, shorten growth when
Between, reduce the ratio that the later stage only ties bell not blow-of-cottons.
(7) in good timeization control：Flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage are contained in short season cotton and spray mepiquat chloride respectively, per 666.7m2Casing coupling
Amine consumption is 1-1.5g, 1.5-2g, 2-3g, and plant height is controlled within 0.7m, reduces nutrient consumption, realizes precocious purpose.
(8) chemical ripening：When short season cotton blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 50%, it is watered with Thidiazuron 50g+ ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acids 100g
15Kg, carries out field and uniformly sprays, and cotton leaf, cotton boll is shared equally to liquid medicine, to reach the effect of defoliation ripening.
The super early mature short season cotton variety can be CCRI 50, Shandong cotton grind 19 or self-fertile super early mature short season cotton material chat
Summer cotton 11 etc..
The present invention has the advantages that：
Compared with conventional short season cotton implantation methods, summer live ealy maturing culture method after short season cotton wheat of the invention, sowing time pushes away
Late to after wheat harvest, it is ensured that on the premise of wheat normal harvest, receive more one season cotton.Comprehensive benefit is significantly larger than Wheat Maize two
Shortening, it is same higher than the conventional shortening of spring cotton one.Summer live ealy maturing culture method after short season cotton wheat of the invention, after harvesting wheat,
Stubble sowing is robbed, strives for that on June 10 or so sowed, planting density is in 8000-10000 plants/666.7m2；Ridging plastic-film-covered cultivation can
For emerging for short season cotton provides sufficient temperature and moisture, it is ensured that on June 15 or so emerged；After on July 10 or so buddingged, in time
The nutrition branch destroyed below fruit branch, reduces nutrient consumption, concentrated supply reproductive growth；When the fruit branch number of short season cotton reaches 7-8
When, pinch in time, its effective knot bell phase is artificially compressed, shorten and start blow-of-cottons to receiving the time spent completely.
With short season cotton summer sowing ealy maturing culture method of the invention, short season cotton growth time is greatly shortened, short season cotton
The time of infertility shortened to 102 days from 112 days；Planting density is from 5000-6000 plants/666.7m2Bring up to 8000-10000 plants/
666.7m2；Its ginning outturn is about 40%, pre-frost lint yield about 90Kg/666.7m2, flower rate is about 97% before its frost.According to
Statistics 2015-2016 gined cotton prices are about 16400 yuan/ton, and Wheat price is about 2400 yuan/ton, short season cotton wheat of the invention
The more conventional short season cotton ginning outturn indifference of live ealy maturing culture method, spends rate to improve about 4-5 percentage points, per 666.7m afterwards before frost2Frost
Preceding lint yield increase about 15Kg, per 666.7m2Economic benefit increases by 246 yuan；More conventional last month of spring cotton dress point reduces about 2 hundred
Branch, flower rate indifference before frost, per 666.7m2Pre-frost lint yield reduction about 40Kg, but it increases a harvest wheat yield, wheat
Average product 470Kg/666.7m2, per 666.7m2Increase by 447 yuan of economic benefit, so with straight after short season cotton wheat of the invention
Ealy maturing culture method is broadcast, grain and cotton yielding two crops a year comprehensive benefit can be significantly improved.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme and its produced technique effect are carried out further with reference to specific test method
Elaboration, the description below taught based on the present invention merely to explain the present invention, but the present invention is any limitation as never in any form
Any conversion or replacement made are led, protection scope of the present invention is belonged to.
Embodiment one
In October, 2014 in October, 2015, in the Huanghe valley cotton region of the west region of Shandong Province, planting experiment is carried out, from fertilizer
Three pieces consistent of cotton field of power, soil property, daylighting, one piece uses short season cotton summer sowing ealy maturing culture method (plot one) of the present invention, one
Block is using conventional summer sowing short season cotton method (plot two), another piece of conventional last month of spring cotton (plot three) of sowing.Wherein plot
One and wheat breed is broadcast in plot two and short season cotton kind is completely the same.
Plot one：Short season cotton summer sowing ealy maturing culture method of the present invention
15 days or so October in 2014 sows wheat, wheat routine field management.
Harvested after the 5-8 of in June, 2015 days wheat maturation, carry out stubble-cleaning site preparation after results in time, on June 10 or so robbed stubble and rises
Ridge mulch sowing short season cotton kind, planting density is 8000 plants/666.7m2；June 15 emerged, and went weak to stay strong in time after emerging
Final singling；On July 10 or so buddingged, and destroyed the nutrition branch of fruit branch bottom after buddingging in time, contains flower bud phase and presses 1-1.5g/666.7m2's
Amount sprays mepiquat chloride；On July 20 or so pinched in time when cotton fruit branch number reaches 7-8；When on July 30 or so bloomed, press
1.5-2g/666.7m2Amount spray mepiquat chloride；Full-bloom stage presses 2-3g/666.7m2Amount spray mepiquat chloride；September is opened for 15 days or so
Beginning blow-of-cottons, the time of infertility was at 100 days or so；When blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 50%, Thidiazuron 50g+ ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acids 100g is watered
15Kg carries out field and sprays；On October 10 or so, pull out bavin, water, site preparation, 15 days or so October sowing wheat.It is whole short
Season cotton summer sowing ealy maturing culture method using rob stubble sowing, ridging overlay film, early final singling, it is early pinch, it is a small amount of repeatedly spray mepiquat chloride,
It is early to beat defoliation ripening agent, early harvest and the early technical measures for pulling out bavin.
Production rate：Western Shandong wheat average product 470Kg/666.7m2；Cotton presses 8000 plants/666.7m of density2, knot
/ plant of bell 6.5, bell weight 4.5g/ bells, ginning outturn 40% are counted, and lint yield is 93.6Kg/666.7m2.Actual implementation field test is small
Wheat yield is 488Kg/666.7m2, short season cotton lint yield is 91.3Kg/666.7m2, flower rate is 97.5% before frost；Total revenue is
2668.52 yuan/666.7m2。
Plot two：Conventional summer sowing short season cotton method
15 days or so October in 2014 sows wheat, wheat routine field management.
Harvested after the 5-8 of in June, 2015 days wheat maturation, according to statistics western Shandong wheat average product 470Kg/666.7m2。
The timely iron stubble sowing of June 8, after planting broad irrigation；June 16 emerged, and seedling gesture is weaker, density of reserved seedlings be 5500 plants/
666.7m2；On July 15 or so buddingged, and destroyed the nutrition branch of fruit branch bottom after buddingging in time；10 left sides are reached in cotton fruit branch number
Pinched in time when right；August is bloomed for 10 days or so, and full-bloom stage presses 3-4g/666.7m2Amount spray mepiquat chloride once；A September left side on the 25th
Right beginning blow-of-cottons, the time of infertility was at 110 days or so；October 5 was watered 15Kg and carries out field with Thidiazuron 50g+ ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acids 100g
Spray；On October 10 or so, pull out bavin, water, site preparation, 15 days or so October sowing wheat.The conventional seed planting method is used
The sowing of iron stubble, broad irrigation, conventional field management, early harvest and the early technical measures for pulling out bavin.
Yield comparison：Western Shandong wheat average product 470Kg/666.7m2；Cotton presses 5500 plants/666.7m of density2, have
Imitate into/plant of bell 7.6, bell weight 4.5g/ bells, ginning outturn 40% to count, lint yield is 75.2Kg/666.7m2.It is actual to implement field examination
Wheat yield is tested for 488Kg/666.7m2, short season cotton pre-frost lint yield is 70.4Kg/666.7m2, flower rate is 93.2% before frost；
Total revenue is 2325.76 yuan/666.7m2。
Plot three：The conventional last month of spring cotton Shandong cotton of sowing grinds 28
The broad irrigation before the winter in 2014, the site preparation moisture creating of 15 days or so April in 2015,20 days or so April mulch sowing；Stay
Seedling density is 3500 plants/666.7m2；On May 1 or so was emerged, and on June 1 or so buddingged, and fruit branch bottom is destroyed in time after buddingging
Nutrition branch；On July 5 or so bloomed, and full-bloom stage presses 2-3g/666.7m2Amount spray mepiquat chloride；On July 25 or so in cotton really
Branch number is pinched in time when reaching 13-15；August one week after of pinching on the 1st, by 3-4g/666.7m2Amount spray mepiquat chloride；August 25
Day or so blow-of-cottons；The time of infertility was at 128 days or so；October 15 was watered 15Kg and carries out field with Thidiazuron 50g+ ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acids 100g
Spray；Carry out pulling out bavin, site preparation after harvesting completely.
Yield comparison：A conventional last month of spring cotton presses 3500 plants/666.7m of density2, effectively into/plant of bell 15.8, bell weight 5.8g/
Bell, ginning outturn 42% is counted, and lint yield is 134.7Kg/666.7m2.Actual implementation field test Shandong cotton is ground 28 lint yields and is
131.4Kg/666.7m2, flower rate is 97.5% before frost；Total revenue is 2154.96 yuan/666.7m2。
Embodiment two
In October, 2015 in October, 2016, in the Huanghe valley cotton region of the west region of Shandong Province, planting experiment is carried out, from fertilizer
Three pieces consistent of cotton field of power, soil property, daylighting, one piece uses short season cotton summer sowing ealy maturing culture method (plot one) of the present invention, one
Block is using conventional summer sowing short season cotton method (plot two), another piece of conventional last month of spring cotton (plot three) of sowing.Wherein plot
One and wheat breed is broadcast in plot two and short season cotton kind is completely the same.The specific method in each plot is with embodiment one.Three ground
The block condition of production is as shown in table 1：
The inventive method of table 1 is contrasted with the conventional method condition of production
As can be seen from the above results, with short season cotton summer sowing ealy maturing culture method of the invention, can significantly improve
Grain and cotton yielding two crops a year comprehensive benefit.Not only break the normal procedure the bottleneck of the shortening of cotton one, and solve conventional short season cotton summer sowing
The low problem of flower rate before late-maturing low yield, frost.While yield is ensured, shorten the short season cotton field growing time as far as possible, it is real
Existing short season cotton is precocious and wheat cotton two is ripe.
Claims (8)
1. summer live cultivation method for premature after a kind of short season cotton wheat, it is characterized in that, technical measures are：Stubble is robbed after wheat harvest to broadcast
Kind, ridging overlay film, 3-5 leaf phase final singlings are pinched during 7-8 fruit branch, are contained flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage and are sprayed mepiquat chloride respectively, are told
Defoliation ripening when wadding rate reaches more than 50%.
2. summer live cultivation method for premature after short season cotton wheat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps that：
(1) Fruit variety and Seed Treatment：Selection super early mature short season cotton variety, lint is carried out to seed, is coated, selected stalwartness,
The strong seed of full, germinating energy, carries out being exposed to the sun 2 days before broadcasting to seed；
(2) seedbed preparation：Wheat stubble is crushed after harvesting wheat 2 times in time, basal dressing, rotary tillage soil-working；
(3) seeding method：Ridging mulch sowing, row spacing is 0.8m, and a height of 0.15m in ridge, ridge face is smooth, without large clod；One ridge kind
2 row short season cotton seeds are planted, sows uniform, without disconnected ridge situation of being short of seedling；Overlay film firming；
(4) planting density：In short season cotton 3-5 leaf phase final singlings, gone during final singling it is weak stay strong, seedling spacing is tried one's best uniformity, often
666.7m28000 plants -10000 plants of seedling is stayed, small individual big colony is set up, promotees early with close；
(5) cotton training is repaiied：After short season cotton is buddingged, the nutrition branch below fruit branch is removed in time, it is ensured that leg space ventilation printing opacity, reduce
Rotten bell；
(6) pinch：Short season cotton it is long to 7-8 fruit branch when pinch, reduce fruit branch growth nutrient consumption, shorten growth time,
Reduce the ratio that the later stage only ties bell not blow-of-cottons；
(7) in good timeization control：Contain flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage in short season cotton and spray mepiquat chloride respectively, plant height control 0.7m with
It is interior, nutrient consumption is reduced, realize precocious purpose；
(8) chemical ripening：When short season cotton blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 50%, field sprays Thidiazuron, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid and carries out disleave urges
It is ripe.
3. summer live cultivation method for premature after short season cotton wheat as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the super early mature short season cotton
Kind, can be that CCRI 50, Shandong cotton grind 19 or merely summer cotton 11.
4. summer live cultivation method for premature after short season cotton wheat as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the step (2) is crushed
Stalk length after wheat stubble is controlled in below 2cm.
5. summer live cultivation method for premature after short season cotton wheat as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the base of the step (2)
Fertilizer is per 666.7m2Using：The side of cow dung 2, slow-release or control-release fertilizer 50kg；The slow-release or control-release fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O：24-8-10, total active ingredient
42%.
6. summer live cultivation method for premature after short season cotton wheat as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the step (3) is whole
Mechanical rotary tillage, ridging, sowing overlay film are carried out on good plot.
7. summer live cultivation method for premature after short season cotton wheat as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the step (7) is short
Ji Miansheng flower bud phases, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage spray mepiquat chloride consumption and are respectively respectively：Per 666.7m2 1-1.5g、1.5-2g、2-
3g。
8. summer live cultivation method for premature after short season cotton wheat as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, step (8) the thiophene benzene
Grand, ethene utilization is：Thidiazuron 50g and ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 100g are watered 15Kg.
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| CN111011071B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-10-08 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | High-yield high-quality early-maturing cotton cultivation method |
| CN111183857A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-22 | 南京农业大学 | Post-wheat direct-seeding cotton straw returning synergistic yield increase method suitable for cotton area of Yangtze river basin |
| CN115152569A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-11 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for high-quality cotton |
| CN115918484A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-04-07 | 无棣县优程为农服务有限公司 | Planting method for direct seeding of precocious cotton after wheat growing |
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