CN115918484A - Planting method for direct seeding of precocious cotton after wheat growing - Google Patents
Planting method for direct seeding of precocious cotton after wheat growing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115918484A CN115918484A CN202211645050.6A CN202211645050A CN115918484A CN 115918484 A CN115918484 A CN 115918484A CN 202211645050 A CN202211645050 A CN 202211645050A CN 115918484 A CN115918484 A CN 115918484A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for directly seeding precocious cotton after wheat, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the steps of selecting a middle-early-maturing wheat variety with the full-growth period less than or equal to 230d, selecting an early-maturing cotton variety with the full-growth period of 95-105 days, and directly sowing cotton after harvesting wheat. According to the light, simple, labor-saving and efficient planting method for directly seeding the precocious cotton by stubble-attaching after harvesting the wheat, the precocious cotton is directly sown after harvesting the wheat, the whole-process mechanical production can be realized, the traditional wheat-cotton relay intercropping mode is innovated, the labor cost is reduced by more than 60% compared with the traditional wheat-cotton relay intercropping mode, the physical and chemical cost and the service cost are reduced by more than 40%, the light, simple and efficient wheat-cotton double cropping planting is realized, and the method is suitable for market popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a planting method for direct seeding of early-maturing cotton after wheat planting.
Background
Wheat and cotton play a very important role in agricultural production. In order to promote the coordinated development of grains and cotton, the current planting mode of wheat and cotton is mainly a wheat-cotton-in-cotton planting mode, namely, in the first year, interplanting rows are reserved in a wheat field, and in the second year, in spring, cotton is planted among wheat rows in a direct sowing mode, seedling-raising mode or mulching film mulching mode. Although the technology can realize the double high yield of the cotton and the wheat, the cotton seeding is carried out between wheat rows by the planting mode, and the direct seeding, the seedling transplantation or the mulching film mulching planting are both completed manually, so the mechanization is difficult to realize, and the large amount of labor cost is required. In recent years, the lack of manual labor is a common phenomenon, and the traditional wheat and cotton relay working technology is not suitable for the situation development requirement due to the fact that labor is more, cost is high, benefit is low, and becomes a main factor for restricting double cropping of wheat and cotton.
Aiming at the problems, a novel cotton planting method is urgently needed, can realize whole-process mechanized production, effectively save labor force, realize light, simple and efficient double cropping of wheat and cotton, and has very important significance for promoting safe coordinated development of the wheat and cotton.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for directly seeding precocious cotton after wheat, which greatly reduces the labor input of traditional wheat-cotton relay intercropping and realizes the light, simple and efficient double cropping of wheat and cotton.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for planting directly-sowed early-maturing cotton after wheat includes such steps as choosing the wheat variety with middle early-maturing period less than or equal to 230 days, choosing the cotton variety with 95-105 days in full-maturing period, and directly sowing cotton after wheat is harvested.
Preferably, the wheat varieties comprise jimai 44, jimai 578 and jimai 379.
Preferably, the cotton variety comprises cotton of Shandong 2387, shandong 241, zhongmian 425 and Demian 15.
Preferably, after the wheat is harvested, the wheat is subjected to stubble-grafting direct-seeding precocious cotton, the seeding date is 6 months and 1 day to 6 months and 10 days, mechanical precision drilling is carried out, a mulching film is not covered, and the seeding density is 6000 to 8000 plants/mu.
Preferably, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1 percent of borax water solution are sprayed in the full-bloom stage of cotton; spraying 0.2-0.3% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution after boll opening if premature senility symptoms appear in cotton.
Preferably, before cotton sowing, seed dressing is carried out by using 1035-1380mL of the 25% thiacloprid and fludioxonil suspended seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds and/or 1020-1360g of the 25% thiacloprid and fludioxonil suspended seed coating agent per 100kg of seeds.
Preferably, seed fertilizers are applied during cotton sowing, wherein the seed fertilizers comprise 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 9-12 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of common urea, 8-10 kg/mu of controlled release urea, 6-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 1-1.5 kg/mu of zinc sulfate.
Preferably, 0.5-1.0 g/mu of mepiquat chloride is sprayed after Cheng Lei, 1-2 g/mu of mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the initial flowering period, 2-3 g/mu of mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the full flowering period, and 3-4 g/mu of mepiquat chloride is sprayed 5-7 days after topping; removing the top center of the main stem when the number of the cotton single plant fruit branches reaches 8-9 after 20 days of 7 months; all top centers are required to be removed before 7 months of bottom no matter how many fruit branches are; the leaves and branches are not removed in the whole growth period, and the side cores are not required to be punched.
Preferably, the cotton field is picked manually, and when the maximum daily temperature is above 20 ℃ around 25 days after 9 months, 40% ethephon 100-200mL is added with 35kg of water to be sprayed on each mu of cotton plant, so that the cotton is promoted to be opened up intensively; in the mechanical picking cotton field, when the cotton plants are more than 40% in boll opening, 40% ethephon 100-200mL and thidiazuron 50% wettable powder 20-40g are mixed with water 35kg to be sprayed on the cotton plants per mu, so that the mechanical picking quality and effect are improved.
Preferably, for the manually harvested cotton field, when the boll opening rate in the field reaches 30-40%, the first harvesting is carried out; collecting the rest cotton 1 time in the middle and last ten days of 10 months; strictly preventing the three filaments and impurities from being mixed during picking; for mechanically harvested cotton fields, after defoliation and ripening, mechanical harvesting is carried out when the boll opening rate of cotton plants reaches more than 95% and the defoliation rate reaches more than 90%, and the dew period is avoided during mechanical harvesting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a light, simple, labor-saving and efficient planting method for directly sowing precocious cotton by stubble attaching after wheat harvesting. By selecting the middle-early-maturing wheat variety with the full-growth period less than or equal to 230d and the early-maturing cotton variety with the full-growth period of 95-105d, directly stubble-planting cotton seeds after the wheat is harvested, the early-maturing cotton is concentrated in boll opening, compact in plant shape, convenient and fast to manage and convenient for mechanical operation. The early-maturing cotton is directly sown after wheat harvesting, the whole-process mechanical production can be realized, the traditional wheat-cotton relay intercropping mode is innovated, the labor cost is reduced by more than 60% compared with the traditional wheat-cotton relay intercropping mode, the physicochemical and service cost is reduced by more than 40%, and the light, simple and efficient double-maturing planting of the wheat and cotton is realized.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a planting method of directly seeding precocious cotton after wheat harvest, which is characterized by comprising the steps of selecting a middle-precocious wheat variety with the whole growth period less than or equal to 230d, selecting a precocious cotton variety with the whole growth period of 95-105 days, and directly seeding cotton after wheat harvest by stubble. The invention has the advantages that the field is flat at the activity accumulated temperature of more than 3300 ℃ and the soil fertility is more than or equal to 15 ℃ in 6-10 months, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the mechanized operation conditions can be carried out in the farming area meeting the double cropping requirements of wheat and cotton.
In the present invention, wheat varieties include Jimai 44, zhongmai 578 and Jimai 379. The method selects a middle-early-maturing wheat variety with the whole growth period within 230 days, the wheat variety is sowed in 10 months and 1 day to 10 months and 20 days in the first year, the wheat is harvested 6 months and 1 day in the next year, and the planting mode and the field management of the wheat are the same as the conventional planting mode of the wheat.
In the invention, the cotton varieties comprise Lu cotton 2387, lu cotton 241, zhongmian cotton 425 and Demian cotton No. 15. The cotton variety selected by the invention has a full growth period of 95-105 days, and is an early-maturing cotton variety with good emergence, high quality, high yield, disease and insect resistance, strong stress resistance and relatively concentrated boll opening, the seed purity is equal to or greater than 95%, the purity is equal to or greater than 99%, the germination rate is equal to or greater than 80%, and the water content is equal to or less than 12%.
In the invention, after wheat is harvested, the wheat is directly sown by direct seeding, the sowing date is 6 months and 1 day to 6 months and 10 days, mechanical precision drilling is carried out, a mulching film is not covered, the sowing density is 6000-8000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 66-75cm, and preferably, the sowing density is 6500-7500 plants/mu, and the row spacing is 70-72cm. In the invention, a wheat harvester with a straw crushing function is selected to harvest wheat in the wheat wax ripening period, the stubble height is below 15cm, and cotton is sowed by furrowing and drilling.
In the invention, 0.2-0.3% of urea, 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of borax water solution are sprayed in the full-bloom stage of cotton; spraying 0.2-0.3% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution if premature senility occurs after boll opening. The invention supplies nutrient for the growth of cotton by spraying the foliar fertilizer, which is beneficial to the normal growth of cotton. As a practical mode, the method sprays the foliar fertilizer for 2 to 3 times at 7 to 10 days of full-bloom stage, and sprays the foliar fertilizer for 0 to 2 times according to whether the cotton is premature senility or not after boll opening, wherein the spraying interval time is 10 to 15 days, and the spraying amount is preferably the degree that the front and back surfaces of the cotton leaves are full of liquid drops and do not drop.
In the invention, before cotton sowing, seeds are dressed by using 1035-1380mL/100kg of the thiamethoxam-fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and/or 1020-1360g/100kg of the thiamethoxam-fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent, preferably 1200-1250mL/100kg of seeds by using 25% of the thiamethoxam-fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent and/or 1250-1300g/100kg of the seed by using 25% of the thiamethoxam-fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent. When sowing, 3-5 kg/mu of thiamethoxam particles with the concentration of 0.5% are used, the seeds are sowed simultaneously, and the seeds are sunned for 2-3 days before sowing. The method can effectively prevent and control cotton thrips, aphids and seedling damping off.
In the invention, seed fertilizers are applied during cotton sowing, wherein the seed fertilizers comprise 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 9-12 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of common urea, 8-10 kg/mu of controlled release urea, 6-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 1-1.5 kg/mu of zinc sulfate. The invention adopts the simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied once along with the sowing, and then the rhizosphere fertilizer application is not carried out in the whole growth period, thereby reducing the manual input.
In the invention, the seed manure is applied at a distance of 15-20cm from the cotton row along with sowing, and the application depth is 10-12cm.
In the invention, water is irrigated for 15-20m at the relative water content of 0-20cm of soil in the seedling stage and the bud stage of cotton when the relative water content is lower than 50-60 percent 3 Per mu; the relative water content of the soil is kept between 70 and 80 percent in the flower and bell period. When the invention is used for sowing, if the soil moisture content is insufficient, watering is carried out along with sowing, and the requirements of seed germination and seedling emergence are met. Cultivating and preserving soil moisture in due time at the seedling stage and the bud stage of the cotton, if meeting rainstorm, timely removing accumulated water, and ditching and dispersing the soil moisture. Watering should be carried out in time in the cotton boll stage if the cotton is dry, field accumulated water should be drained within 48 hours if the cotton is in heavy rain or continuous overcast rain, and soil moisture is scattered in time between lines.
In the invention, the cotton is sown for 1d, and then the 33 percent pendimethalin missible oil 100-120 mL/mu and the 72 percent metolachlor missible oil 100 mL/mu are sprayed for soil spraying, and weeding is carried out by combining intertillage during the growth period. In the growth period, the pest control of blight, red spiders, cotton bollworms, lygus bugs, trialeurodes vaporariorum, bemisia tabaci and the like is well carried out, and the control method is the same as that of the conventional cotton field sowed in spring.
In the invention, mepiquat chloride is adopted to regulate the growth vigor of cotton, and if the cotton is overgrown after Cheng Lei, 0.5-1.0g of mepiquat chloride is used per mu, 15kg of water is added to spray the cotton plants, 1-2g of mepiquat chloride is used per mu in the initial flowering period, 15kg of water is added to spray the cotton plants, 2-3g of mepiquat chloride is used per mu in the full flowering period, 15kg of water is added to spray the cotton plants, 3-4g of mepiquat chloride is used 5-7 days after topping, and 15kg of water is added to spray the cotton plants. The dosage, time and frequency of the mepiquat chloride can be properly adjusted according to the seedling condition, the soil moisture content and the weather condition. The height of the cotton plant is controlled to be 80-100cm.
In the invention, the top center of the main stem is removed when the number of single fruit branches reaches 8-9 after 20 days in 7 months; regardless of the number of fruit branches, all the tops of the branches must be removed before 7 months. The leaves and branches are not required to be removed in the whole growth period, and the side cores are not required to be punched.
In the invention, for the cotton field picked manually, before and after 9 months and 25 days, when the maximum temperature of the day is more than 20 ℃, 40% ethephon 100-200mL is mixed with 35kg of water to be sprayed on cotton plants per mu, thereby promoting the cotton to be opened up intensively; for the mechanical picking cotton field, when the cotton plant is over 40 percent in boll opening (ten days of 9 months), 20-40g of 40 percent ethephon 100-200mL +50 percent thidiazuron wettable powder and 35kg of water are added to each mu of cotton plant, so that the mechanical picking quality and effect are improved.
In the invention, for the cotton field of artificial harvest, when the boll opening rate in the field reaches 30-40%, the first harvest is carried out; the remaining cotton was harvested 1 time in the middle and last ten days of 10 months. The three threads and impurities are prevented from being mixed during picking. For mechanically harvested cotton fields, after defoliation and ripening, mechanical harvesting should be carried out in time when the boll opening rate of cotton plants reaches more than 95%, the defoliation rate reaches more than 90%, and the water content reaches the mechanical harvesting standard. The mechanical mining process should avoid the dew period.
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents of the present invention are all commercially available products and are all available from stable commercial sources.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the cotton variety is Lu cotton 241 (growth period 105 d), and the farming area is Netherlands.
After wheat is harvested 6 months and 6 days, the wheat is directly sown with the precocious cotton;
the seed coating is coated by adopting 25 percent of thiacloprid, pyrrole and Shuangling suspended seed coating agent (the dosage per kg is 12 mL), when cotton is sowed, 3 kg/mu of 0.5 percent thiamethoxam granules are used simultaneously, and the seeds are sowed simultaneously.
Mechanically performing precision drilling, covering no mulching film, using seed quantity of 1.5 kg/mu and sowing depth of 2cm; planting 6500 plants at a density; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of organic fertilizer, 11kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and are applied to the seeds 12cm below the seeds at one time: after sowing, 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil and 100 mL/mu of 72% metolachlor missible oil are used in 1 day, and 30kg of water is added to spray a seedbed;
after the flowers are contained, spraying 0.3% urea, 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% borax water solution on the leaf surfaces of the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles respectively for 6 days in 8 months and 14 days in 8 months for 2 times at intervals of 8 days. The growth period is full of rain water and is not watered.
The mepiquat chloride is sprayed on cotton plants for growth regulation, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 1 g/mu in 8 days at 7 months; at the initial flowering stage, 2 g/mu in 7 months and 15 days; in the full-bloom stage, 3 g/mu in 25 days in 7 months; after topping, 4 g/mu is carried out for 8 months and 5 days; topping in 29 days after 7 months, and not removing leaf branches and side hearts in the whole growth period;
for 6 days after 7 months, 1.8 percent of abamectin 25 g/mu and 10 percent of dinotefuran 10 g/mu are used for preventing and treating aphids, red spiders and mirid bugs; daily use of 7 months 27, 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for prevention and control, plant bug, cotton bollworm and aphid; the 8-month 21-day product contains 10% of nitenpyram 50 g/mu and 50% of pymetrozine 10 g/mu, and is used for preventing and treating plant bug and bemisia tabaci;
uniformly spraying the cotton plants with 170mL of 40% ethephon and 35kg of water per mu for 25 days after 9 months, and promoting the cotton to gather and open the bolls; collecting flowers twice in 10 months and 20 minutes.
Example 2
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the cotton variety is Lu cotton 241 (growth period 105 d), and the farming area is Netherlands.
After wheat is harvested 6 months and 6 days, the wheat is directly sown with the precocious cotton;
the seed coating is coated by using 25 percent of thiacloprid, alloxazole and trifluralin suspended seed coating agent (the dosage of each kg is 12 mL), and when cotton is sowed, 3 kg/mu of 0.5 percent of thiamethoxam granules are used simultaneously, and the seeds are sowed simultaneously.
Mechanically performing precision drilling, covering no mulching film, using seed quantity of 1.5 kg/mu and sowing depth of 2cm; sowing 7500 plants at a density; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of organic fertilizer, 11kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and are applied to the seeds 12cm below the seeds at one time: after sowing, 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil and 100 mL/mu of 72% metolachlor missible oil are used in 1 day, and 30kg of water is added to spray a seedbed;
after the flowers are contained, spraying 0.3% urea, 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% borax water solution on the leaf surfaces of the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles respectively for 6 days in 8 months and 14 days in 8 months for 2 times at intervals of 8 days. The growth period is full of rain water and is not watered.
The mepiquat chloride is sprayed on cotton plants for growth regulation, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 1 g/mu in 8 days at 7 months; at the initial flowering stage, 2 g/mu in 7 months and 15 days; in the full-bloom stage, 3 g/mu in 25 days in 7 months; 4 g/mu after topping for 8 months and 5 days; topping in 29 days after 7 months, and not removing leaf branches and side hearts in the whole growth period;
for 6 days after 7 months, 1.8 percent of abamectin 25 g/mu and 10 percent of dinotefuran 10 g/mu are used for preventing and treating aphids, red spiders and mirid bugs; daily use of 7 months 27, 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for prevention and control, plant bug, cotton bollworm and aphid; the pesticide is characterized in that 10 percent of nitenpyram is 50 g/mu and 50 percent of pymetrozine is 10 g/mu daily for 8 months and 21 months, thereby preventing mirid bug and bemisia tabaci are prevented;
uniformly spraying the cotton plants with 170mL of 40% ethephon and 35kg of water per mu for 25 days after 9 months, and promoting the cotton to gather and boll; collecting flowers twice in 10 months and 20 minutes.
Example 3
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the cotton variety is Dr's cotton No. 15 (growing period 105 d), and the farming area is Lizeze.
After wheat is harvested 6 months and 6 days, the wheat is directly sown with the precocious cotton;
the seed coating is coated by using 25 percent of thiacloprid, alloxazole and trifluralin suspended seed coating agent (the dosage of each kg is 12 mL), and when cotton is sowed, 3 kg/mu of 0.5 percent of thiamethoxam granules are used simultaneously, and the seeds are sowed simultaneously.
Mechanically performing precision drilling, covering no mulching film, using seed quantity of 1.5 kg/mu and sowing depth of 2cm; planting 6500 plants at a density; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of organic fertilizer, 11kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and are applied to the seeds 12cm below the seeds at one time: after sowing, 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil and 100 mL/mu of 72% metolachlor missible oil are used in 1 day, and 30kg of water is added to spray a seedbed;
after full bloom, spraying 0.3% urea, 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% borax water solution on leaf surfaces of a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle for 6 days in 8 months and 14 days in 8 months respectively for 2 times at intervals of 8 days. The growth period is full of rain water and is not watered.
The mepiquat chloride is sprayed on cotton plants for growth regulation, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 1 g/mu in 8 days at 7 months; in the initial flowering period, 2 g/mu is obtained in 7 months and 15 days; in the full-bloom stage, 3 g/mu in 25 days in 7 months; after topping, 4 g/mu is carried out for 8 months and 5 days; topping in 29 days after 7 months, and not removing leaf branches and side hearts in the whole growth period;
for 6 days after 7 months, 1.8 percent of abamectin is used for preventing and controlling 25 g/mu plus 10 percent of dinotefuran for 10 g/mu, and aphids, red spiders and plant bugs are fleshed; 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for 7 months and 27 days, mirid bugs, cotton bollworms and aphids; the 8-month 21-day product contains 10% of nitenpyram 50 g/mu and 50% of pymetrozine 10 g/mu, and is used for preventing and treating plant bug and bemisia tabaci;
uniformly spraying the cotton plants with 170mL of 40% ethephon and 35kg of water per mu for 25 days after 9 months, and promoting the cotton to gather and open the bolls; collecting flowers in 10 months and 20 minutes twice.
Example 4
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the cotton variety is Drosera gossypii No. 15 (growth period 105 d), and the farming area is Netherlands.
After wheat is harvested 6 months and 6 days, the wheat is directly sown with the precocious cotton;
the seed coating is coated by adopting 25 percent of thiacloprid, pyrrole and Shuangling suspended seed coating agent (the dosage per kg is 12 mL), when cotton is sowed, 3 kg/mu of 0.5 percent thiamethoxam granules are used simultaneously, and the seeds are sowed simultaneously.
Mechanically performing precision drilling, covering no mulching film, using seed quantity of 1.5 kg/mu and sowing depth of 2cm; sowing 7500 plants at a density; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of organic fertilizer, 11kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and are applied to the seeds 12cm below the seeds at one time: after sowing, 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil and 100 mL/mu of 72% metolachlor missible oil are used in 1 day, and 30kg of water is added to spray a seedbed;
after full bloom, spraying 0.3% urea, 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% borax water solution on leaf surfaces of a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle for 6 days in 8 months and 14 days in 8 months respectively for 2 times at intervals of 8 days. The growth period is full of rain water and is not watered.
The mepiquat chloride is sprayed on cotton plants for growth regulation, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 1 g/mu in 8 days at 7 months; at the initial flowering stage, 2 g/mu in 7 months and 15 days; in the full-bloom stage, 3 g/mu in 25 days in 7 months; 4 g/mu after topping for 8 months and 5 days; topping in 29 days after 7 months, and not removing leaf branches and side hearts in the whole growth period;
and (3) pest control: for 6 days after 7 months, 1.8 percent of abamectin 25 g/mu and 10 percent of dinotefuran 10 g/mu are used for preventing and treating aphids, red spiders and mirid bugs; 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for 7 months and 27 days, mirid bugs, cotton bollworms and aphids; the 8-month 21-day product contains 10% of nitenpyram 50 g/mu and 50% of pymetrozine 10 g/mu, and is used for preventing and treating plant bug and bemisia tabaci;
uniformly spraying the cotton plants with 170mL of 40% ethephon and 35kg of water per mu for 25 days after 9 months, and promoting the cotton to gather and boll; collecting flowers twice in 10 months and 20 minutes.
Example 5
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the cotton variety of early maturing is Shandong cotton 2387 (growth period 95 days), and the farming area is Neze.
Directly sowing the early-maturing cotton by adopting wheat after-grafting in 6 months and 6 days;
coating with 25% of thiacloprid, alloxazone and trifluralin suspended seed coating agent (the dosage per kg is 12 mL), and sowing cotton while using 3-5 kg/mu of thiamethoxam granules of 0.5% for sowing seeds;
after harvesting wheat, mechanically performing precision drilling, covering no mulching film and sowing the seeds to a depth of 2cm; the seeding density is 6500 plants/mu; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 12kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and are applied to the lower part of the seeds by 10cm at one time; after sowing, spraying and closing weeds within 1d after 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil 100mL +72% metolachlor missible oil mixed with 30kg of water;
mepiquat chloride is used for chemically regulating and controlling the plant strengthening and height control, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 0.5 g/mu in 6 days of 7 months; at the initial flowering stage, 1 g/mu in 13 days in 7 months; in the full-bloom stage, 2 g/mu in 23 days after 7 months; 3 g/mu after topping for 8 months and 2 days; topping is carried out on 27 days after 7 months, and no other measures such as thinning, pruning and the like are taken except topping;
after the flowers are contained, spraying 0.3% of urea, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of borax water solution on the leaf surfaces of a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle for 7 days in 8 months and 15 days in 8 months respectively, and spraying for 2 times at intervals of 8 days; the growth period has abundant rain water and is not watered.
And (3) pest control: 20 g/mu of 25% thiamethoxam is used for preventing and treating thrips and aphids after 20 days in 6 months; for 3 days after 7 months, 1.8 percent of abamectin 25 g/mu and 10 percent of dinotefuran 10 g/mu are used for preventing and treating aphids, red spiders and mirid bugs; daily use of 7 months 26 is with 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for prevention and control, plant bug, cotton bollworm and aphid; for 8 months and 18 days, the pesticide is used with 10 percent nitenpyram 50 g/mu and 50 percent pymetrozine 10 g/mu, and is used for preventing plant bug and bemisia tabaci.
And (4) maturing and harvesting: and uniformly spraying the cotton plants with 150mL of 40% ethephon and 35kg of water per mu in 26 days in 9 months, promoting the cotton to open the bolls intensively, collecting the flowers and counting the yield in 18 days in 10 months, counting the physical and chemical investment and labor number of each treatment, and calculating the economic benefit. The remaining cotton was harvested once in 28 days 10 months.
Example 6
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the cotton variety of early maturing is Shandong cotton 2387 (growth period 95 days), and the farming area is Neze.
Directly sowing the early-maturing cotton by adopting wheat after-grafting in 6 months and 6 days;
coating with 25% of thiacloprid, alloxazone and trifluralin suspended seed coating agent (the dosage per kg is 12 mL), and sowing cotton while using 3-5 kg/mu of thiamethoxam granules of 0.5% for sowing seeds;
after harvesting wheat, mechanically performing precision drilling, covering no mulching film and sowing the seeds to a depth of 2cm; the sowing density is 7500 plants/mu; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 12kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and are applied to the lower part of the seeds by 10cm at one time; after sowing, spraying and closing weeds within 1d after 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil 100mL +72% metolachlor missible oil mixed with 30kg of water;
mepiquat chloride is used for chemical regulation and control of plant strengthening and height control, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 0.5 g/mu at 6 days 7; at the initial flowering stage, 1 g/mu in 13 days in 7 months; 2 g/mu in the full-bloom stage, 23 days in 7 months; 3 g/mu after topping for 8 months and 2 days; topping is carried out on 27 days after 7 months, and no other measures such as thinning, pruning and the like are taken except topping;
after the flowers are contained, spraying 0.3% urea, 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% borax water solution on the leaf surfaces of the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles respectively in 7 days in 8 months and 15 days in 8 months for 2 times at intervals of 8 days. The growth period is full of rain water and is not watered.
And (3) pest control: 20 g/mu of 25% thiamethoxam is used for preventing and treating thrips and aphids after 20 days in 6 months; for 3 days after 7 months, 1.8 percent of abamectin 25 g/mu and 10 percent of dinotefuran 10 g/mu are used for preventing and treating aphids, red spiders and mirid bugs; daily use of 7 months 26 is with 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for prevention and control, plant bug, cotton bollworm and aphid; for 8 months and 18 days, 10 percent of nitenpyram 50 g/mu and 50 percent of pymetrozine 10 g/mu are used, thereby preventing plant bug and bemisia tabaci;
and (4) maturing and harvesting: and uniformly spraying 35kg of 40% ethephon 150mL of water per mu in 26 days in 9 months, promoting the cotton to be opened up intensively, collecting and counting the yield in 18 days in 10 months, counting the physical and chemical investment and labor number of each treatment, and calculating the economic benefit. The remaining cotton was harvested once in 28 days 10 months.
Example 7
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the early maturing cotton variety is Zhongmai 425 (growth period 95 days), and the farming area is LiZeng.
Directly sowing the early-maturing cotton by adopting wheat after-grafting in 6 months and 6 days;
coating with 25% of thiacloprid, alloxazone and trifluralin suspended seed coating agent (the dosage per kg is 12 mL), and sowing cotton while using 3-5 kg/mu of thiamethoxam granules of 0.5% for sowing seeds;
after wheat harvest, mechanically performing precision drilling, and sowing with the depth of 2cm without covering a mulching film; the seeding density is 6500 plants/mu; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 12kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and applied 10cm below the seeds at one time; after sowing, spraying and closing weeds within 1d after 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil 100mL +72% metolachlor missible oil mixed with 30kg of water;
mepiquat chloride is used for chemical regulation and control of plant strengthening and height control, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 0.5 g/mu in 6 days of 7 months; at the initial flowering stage, 1 g/mu in 13 days in 7 months; in the full-bloom stage, 2 g/mu in 23 days after 7 months; after topping, 3 g/mu is carried out for 8 months and 2 days; topping in 27 days after 7 months, and taking no other measures such as thinning seedlings, pruning and the like except topping;
after the flowers are contained, spraying 0.3% of urea, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of borax water solution on the leaf surfaces of a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle for 7 days in 8 months and 15 days in 8 months respectively, and spraying for 2 times at intervals of 8 days; the growth period has abundant rain water and is not watered.
And (3) pest control: 20 g/mu of 25% thiamethoxam is used for preventing and treating thrips and aphids after 20 days in 6 months; for 7 months and 3 days, 1.8 percent of abamectin with the concentration of 25 g/mu plus 10 percent of dinotefuran with the concentration of 10 g/mu is used for preventing and controlling aphids, red spiders and plant bugs; 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for daily use at 7 months and 26 months, plant bug, cotton bollworm and aphid; for 8 months and 18 days, 10 percent of nitenpyram 50 g/mu and 50 percent of pymetrozine 10 g/mu are used for preventing and controlling plant bug and bemisia tabaci.
And (4) maturing and harvesting: and uniformly spraying 35kg of 40% ethephon 150mL of water per mu in 26 days in 9 months, promoting the cotton to be opened up intensively, collecting and counting the yield in 18 days in 10 months, counting the physical and chemical investment and labor number of each treatment, and calculating the economic benefit. The remaining cotton was harvested once in 28 days 10 months.
Example 8
In this example, the wheat variety is Jimai 44, the early maturing cotton variety is Zhongmai 425 (growth period 95 days), and the farming area is LiZeng.
Directly sowing the early-maturing cotton by adopting wheat after-grafting in 6 months and 6 days;
coating with 25% of thiacloprid, alloxazone and trifluralin suspended seed coating agent (the dosage per kg is 12 mL), and sowing cotton while using 3-5 kg/mu of thiamethoxam granules of 0.5% for sowing seeds;
after wheat harvest, mechanically performing precision drilling, and sowing with the depth of 2cm without covering a mulching film; the seeding density is 7500 plants/mu; sowing seeds with equal row spacing of 66 cm;
50kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 12kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of common urea, 10kg of controlled release urea (the controlled release period is 50 days), 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizers for sowing and applied 10cm below the seeds at one time; after sowing, spraying and blocking weeds within 1d after 100 mL/mu of 33% pendimethalin missible oil 100mL +72% metolachlor missible oil added with 30kg of water;
mepiquat chloride is used for chemically regulating and controlling the plant strengthening and height control, and the using amount is as follows: cheng Leiqi, 0.5 g/mu in 6 days of 7 months; at the initial flowering stage, 1 g/mu in 13 days in 7 months; in the full-bloom stage, 2 g/mu in 23 days after 7 months; after topping, 3 g/mu is carried out for 8 months and 2 days; topping is carried out on 27 days after 7 months, and no other measures such as thinning, pruning and the like are taken except topping;
after the flowers are contained, spraying 0.3% urea, 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% borax water solution on the leaf surfaces of the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles respectively in 7 days in 8 months and 15 days in 8 months for 2 times at intervals of 8 days. The growth period is full of rain water and is not watered.
And (3) pest control: 20 g/mu of 25% thiamethoxam is used for preventing and treating thrips and aphids after 20 days in 6 months; for 3 days after 7 months, 1.8 percent of abamectin 25 g/mu and 10 percent of dinotefuran 10 g/mu are used for preventing and treating aphids, red spiders and mirid bugs; daily use of 7 months 26 is with 22% sulfoxaflor 15g +10% bifenthrin 30 g/mu for prevention and control, plant bug, cotton bollworm and aphid; for 8 months and 18 days, 10 percent of nitenpyram 50 g/mu and 50 percent of pymetrozine 10 g/mu are used for preventing and controlling plant bug and bemisia tabaci;
and (4) mature harvesting: and uniformly spraying 35kg of 40% ethephon 150mL of water per mu in 26 days in 9 months, promoting the cotton to be opened up intensively, collecting and counting the yield in 18 days in 10 months, counting the physical and chemical investment and labor number of each treatment, and calculating the economic benefit. The remaining cotton was harvested once in 28 days 10 months.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the cotton seed density was 4500 plants/acre.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the cotton seed density is 5500 plants/acre.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 3 in that the cotton seed density was 4500 plants/acre.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example differs from example 3 in that the cotton seed density is 5500 plants/acre.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example differs from example 5 in that the cotton seed density was 4500 plants/acre.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example differs from example 5 in that the cotton seed density is 5500 plants/acre.
Comparative example 7
The comparative example differs from example 7 in that the cotton seed density was 4500 plants/acre.
Comparative example 8
The comparative example differs from example 7 in that the cotton seed density is 5500 plants/acre.
Example 9
In this example, in 2019, cotton was planted in the way of planting in example 1-4 and comparative example 1-4 in Juye county Tao Miaozhen Dihaicun, respectively, and the way of planting wheat-in-cotton was used as a control group, wherein the cotton variety in the method of planting wheat-in-cotton was Shandong cotton 40, cotton was sowed in 7 days at 4 months, transplanted in the field at 12 days at 5 months, 3000 plants/mu were used for rough pruning, and artificial topping was carried out at 20 days at 7 months. And the fertilization and the prevention and treatment of other diseases, insects, weeds and the like are carried out by adopting local conventional management. Collecting flowers 3 times after blooming, counting the total yield of different planting methods, the physical and chemical investment and the labor number of various planting methods, and calculating the economic benefit, wherein the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 wheat yield and economic benefits of previous crop
TABLE 2 analysis of economic benefits of different early maturing cotton varieties and density cottons
Remarking: manually press 60 Yuan/day
Results show that cotton yields of the method for direct seeding and early maturing cotton after wheat stubble grafting in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 respectively reach 241 kg/mu and 231.5 kg/mu, and yield is respectively reduced by 6% and 9.7% (growth period is shortened and yield is reduced) compared with 256.4 kg/mu of the yield of a cotton field of traditional wheat-cotton relay intercropping, compared with the yield of a traditional wheat-cotton relay intercropping cotton field, the yield of the method in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 reduce manual investment by 63.6%, and physical and chemical investment (pesticide, fertilizer and machine cultivation cost) is reduced by more than 40%, wherein the pure income of the area of the embodiment 2 reaches 738.3 yuan, the pure income of the embodiment 4 is improved by 460.7, the pure income of the area of the embodiment 4 reaches 678.5 yuan, and the pure income of the embodiment 4 is improved by 431.5. The method has the advantages that the wheat after-stubble direct-seeding precocious cotton provided by the invention reduces the labor intensity, the labor employment, the physicochemical investment of fertilizers, pesticides and the like under the condition of no yield reduction of wheat, and greatly improves the economic benefit and the ecological benefit.
Example 10
In the embodiment, the cotton is planted in the experimental base of the peony area of Neze in 2021 by planting methods of examples 5-8 and comparative examples 5-8 respectively, and a wheat-cotton-intercrossing planting method is used as a control group, wherein the cotton variety is Lu H424, the cotton is sowed in 4 months and 7 days, the cotton is transplanted in the wheat field row in 5 months and 12 days, 3000 plants/mu are planted, the coarse pruning is adopted, and the artificial topping is carried out in 7 months and 20 days. And the fertilization and the prevention and treatment of other diseases, insects, weeds and the like are carried out by adopting local conventional management. Collecting flowers 3 times after boll opening, counting the total yield of different planting methods, the physical and chemical investment and the labor number of various planting methods, and calculating the economic benefit, wherein the results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 wheat yield and economic benefits of previous crop
TABLE 4 benefit tables for cotton yield from different test treatments
Remarking: manually press 83 yuan/day
The result shows that in the method for directly sowing the precocious cotton by the wheat after-grafting, the conclusion same as that of the embodiment 9 is obtained: compared with the traditional wheat-intercrossed cotton, the yield of the wheat after-stubble direct-seeding precocious cotton is slightly reduced, but the labor cost is reduced by 60.0 percent, the physical and chemical cost and the service cost are reduced by 41.6 percent, the comprehensive benefit is higher than that of the traditional wheat intercrossed cotton, but the varieties have obvious difference. Wherein, the pure benefit of the Lu cotton 2387 reaches 840.4 yuan/mu under 6500 plants, and is improved by 643.9% compared with the contrast benefit; the medium cotton 425 reaches 449.1 yuan/mu under the density of 7500 strains/mu, and the yield is improved by 390.7% compared with the contrast yield. The method proves that the suitable early-maturing cotton is directly sown after wheat is harvested, the pre-labor intensity is reduced, the labor employment is reduced, the physicochemical investment of fertilizers, pesticides and the like is reduced, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are greatly improved under the condition that the yield of the wheat is not reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting cotton of early maturing by direct seeding after wheat is characterized by selecting a wheat variety of middle early maturing with a full growth period less than or equal to 230d, selecting a cotton variety of early maturing with a full growth period of 95-105 days, and directly seeding cotton after harvesting wheat.
2. The growing method of claim 1, wherein the wheat varieties comprise jimai 44, zhongmai 578 and jimai 379.
3. The growing method of claim 1, wherein the cotton variety comprises luzhou cotton No. 2387, luzhou cotton No. 241, zhou cotton No. 425, and deluge cotton No. 15.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the wheat is harvested, the wheat is directly sown in the early-maturing cotton in the stubble-grafting mode, the sowing date is 6 months and 1 day to 6 months and 10 days, mechanical precision drilling is carried out, mulching films are not covered, and the sowing density is 6000 to 8000 plants/mu.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein 0.2-0.3% urea +0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate +0.1% borax water solution is sprayed during the full-bloom stage of cotton; spraying 0.2-0.3% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution after boll opening.
6. The growing method of claim 1, wherein the cotton is dressed with 25% thifluke-fluke suspension seed coating 1035-1380mL/100kg seed and/or 25% thifluke-fludioxonil suspension seed coating 1020-1360g/100kg seed before sowing.
7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein a seed fertilizer is applied during cotton sowing, wherein the seed fertilizer is 50 kg/acre of organic fertilizer +9-12 kg/acre of diammonium phosphate +5 kg/acre of common urea +8-10 kg/acre of controlled release urea +6-8 kg/acre of potassium sulfate +1-1.5 kg/acre of zinc sulfate.
8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein 0.5-1.0 g/acre of mepiquat chloride is sprayed after Cheng Lei, 1-2 g/acre of mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the early flowering phase, 2-3 g/acre of mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the full flowering phase, and 3-4 g/acre of mepiquat chloride is sprayed 5-7 days after topping; the topping is that after 20 days after 7 months, when the single cotton plant fruit branch reaches 8-9, the top center of the main stem is removed; all top centers are required to be removed before 7 months of bottom no matter how many fruit branches are; the leaves and branches are not removed in the whole growth period, and the side cores are not required to be punched.
9. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the cotton field is picked manually, and when the maximum temperature is above 20 ℃ in a day around 25 days after 9 months, 40% ethephon 100-200mL water 35kg is sprayed to each mu of cotton plants to promote the cotton to be gathered and opened; in the mechanical picking cotton field, when the cotton plant pops by more than 40%, 40% ethephon 100-200mL and thidiazuron 50% wettable powder 20-40g are mixed with 35kg of water to be sprayed on the cotton plant per mu, so that the mechanical picking quality and effect are improved.
10. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein for the artificially harvested cotton field, the first harvesting is performed when the boll opening rate in the field reaches 30-40%; collecting the rest cotton in middle and last ten days of 10 months for 1 time; strictly preventing the three filaments and impurities from being mixed in during picking; for the mechanical harvesting cotton field, after defoliation and ripening, when the cotton plant boll opening rate reaches more than 95 percent and the defoliation rate reaches more than 90 percent, mechanical harvesting is carried out, and the dew period is avoided during mechanical harvesting.
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