AU2021105218A4 - Cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized production - Google Patents
Cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized production Download PDFInfo
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- AU2021105218A4 AU2021105218A4 AU2021105218A AU2021105218A AU2021105218A4 AU 2021105218 A4 AU2021105218 A4 AU 2021105218A4 AU 2021105218 A AU2021105218 A AU 2021105218A AU 2021105218 A AU2021105218 A AU 2021105218A AU 2021105218 A4 AU2021105218 A4 AU 2021105218A4
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002837 defoliant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 53
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000008027 Akebia quinata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007756 Akebia quinata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005978 Flumetralin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PWNAWOCHVWERAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flumetralin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C=1C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=1N(CC)CC1=C(F)C=CC=C1Cl PWNAWOCHVWERAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HUMMCEUVDBVXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ylboronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(B(O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HUMMCEUVDBVXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005976 Ethephon Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219071 Malvaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005984 Mepiquat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mepiquat Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008744 Brassica perviridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000712024 Brassica rapa var. perviridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003759 Erodium cicutarium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009967 Erodium cicutarium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009438 Gossypium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing
cotton suitable for mechanized production, which includes the steps of leveling loosened soil,
reasonable irrigation, sowing, seedling management, budding management, flowering
management, chemical spraying topping, full-bloom management, flower break management,
defoliation and ripening, mechanical harvesting, etc. The cultivation method of high-quality
early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized production provided by the present invention
can realize the friendly matching of planted early-maturing cotton with cotton picking
machinery to realize mechanized cotton harvesting and promote the development process of
machine cotton picking technology; and the cotton seed yield is 10.20% higher than that of
conventional cultivation methods; and the cotton plants planted with the method of the
present invention can be mechanically harvested with a net picking rate of up to 98%, which
significantly reduces the losses during mechanical harvesting. And the chemical spraying
topping operation can facilitate the even application of defoliant and defoliation at a later
stage, which is easy for mechanical harvesting of machine picked cotton and can further
improve the degree of cotton mechanisation.
1
Description
The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular
to a cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized
production.
Cotton is the seed fiber of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family
Malvaceae, which is native to the subtropics. The plant is shrubby and can grow up to
6 m high when cultivated in the tropics, generally 1 to 2 m. The flowers are creamy
white, turning dark red shortly after flowering and then withering, leaving a small
green capsule called a cotton boll, which contains cotton seeds, the velvet hairs on the
cotton seeds grow from the epidermis of the seeds and stuff the inside of the boll,
which splits open at maturity to reveal soft fibres, which are white or white with
yellow, about 2 to 4 cm (0.75 to 1.5 inch) long and contain about 87 to 90% cellulose,
to 8% water and 4 to 6% other material.
Mechanised harvesting of cotton differs greatly from traditional hand-picked cotton in
form and content, and is also very different both from the traditional textbook variety
selection and cultivation techniques. In fact, the mechanisation of cotton production is
a revolution in cotton production, traditional cultivation believes that in order to
improve cotton production, it is necessary to extend the effective flowering and
bolling period as much as possible, so as to increase the yield per unit area of cotton
in a production cycle, in order to adapt to manual batch harvesting; mechanised cotton
harvesting requires a relatively concentrated flowering period for cotton varieties, and
cultivation management also requires a relatively concentrated harvesting period, such
as concentrated flowering within a month and concentrated boll opening within a
month, in order to facilitate mechanised harvesting. Cotton production mechanisation is a system project, in order to adapt to mechanised cotton harvesting, it is necessary to select and screen cotton varieties through mechanical harvesting tools and means, to adapt and integrate with cotton picking machines from various aspects such as variety selection, cultivation technology patterns, fertiliser application, regulator use, defoliant use, etc., and finally to echo each other with unginned cotton ginning processing, in order to make cotton production mechanisation develop in a positive and steady manner. With the rapid development of machine cotton picking, the impact of machine cotton picking on the quality of cotton is increasingly prominent, in order to give reasonable play to the advantages of cotton quality and to protect the market competitiveness of cotton, the scale and speed of the development of machine cotton picking should be scientifically positioned, so as to reasonably develop machine cotton picking.
Therefore, based on the above background, the present invention provides a cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized production, which solves the problem that the planted cotton is not amicably matched to the cotton picker and cannot be harvested smoothly, and can improve the picking and production efficiency of cotton and reduce manpower and production costs. The technical solutions of the invention are: a cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized production, including the following steps: (1) crushing the soil in the planting area so that the particle size of the clods is less than or equal to 2 cm, to obtain loose soil; (2) levelling the loosened soil so that the slope of the ground in the planting area is less than 0.3 %;
(3) reasonable irrigation to control the moisture content of the loosened soil at -75%;
(4) selecting cotton seeds that are early-maturing, disease resistant, productive and
have good overall quality characteristics for planting, with a row spacing of 66-76cm
between two adjacent rows and a plant spacing of 9.5-11.5cm between two adjacent
cotton plants in each row;
(5) seedling management:
one-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.0-1.2g per mu;
five-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.0-1.5g per mu;
seven-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.5-1.8g per mu;
(6) budding management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 2-2.2g
per mu;
(7) flowering management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at
2-2.2g per mu; dripping of urea and potassium sulphate on the ground, including
3-5kg of urea per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu;
(8) topping by chemical spraying;
(9) full-bloom management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 3-5g
per mu; dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulphate on
the ground, including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate
per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu;
(10) flower break management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at
3-5g per mu; dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium
sulphate on the ground, including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of potassium
dihydrogen phosphate per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu;
(11) defoliation and ripening: when the natural boll opening rate of cotton reaches
-55%, the plants are sprayed with defoliant on the foliage;
(12) 18-20 days after spraying defoliant, cotton can be mechanically harvested when
the defoliation rate is >90% and the boll opening rate is >95%.
Further, between step (9) and step (10), it further comprises: carrying out
supplementary irrigation and supplementary fertilisation, controlling the moisture
content of the soil at 65-75%, after irrigation, spraying mepiquat chloride on the
plant's foliage at 3-5g per mu; dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and
potassium sulphate on the ground, including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of
potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu.
Further, in the five-leaf stage and seven-leaf stage in step (5), gibberellin and urea are
sprayed in the cotton field of weak seedlings, wherein 1.0-1.2g of gibberellin is
sprayed per mu and 100-200g of urea is sprayed per mu.
Further, the total sowing amount of cotton in step (4) is 1.3-1.7 million seeds/mu and
the density is 7300-7700 plants/mu.
Further, in the process of loosening the soil in step (1), fertilizer is applied, the
amount of fertilizer applied is as follows: urea 8-12kg/mu, rapeseed cake 23-27kg/mu,
cotton special slow-release fertilizer 23-27kg/mu, the mass ratio of N, P 20 5 , K 2 0 in
the cotton special slow-release fertilizer is 7-9:8-10:17-20.
Further, the cotton special slow-release fertilizer comprises a kernel, a first covering
layer wrapped around the outside of the kernel, a second covering layer wrapped
around the outside of the first covering layer, a third covering layer wrapped around
the outside of the second covering layer, and a fourth covering layer wrapped around
the outside of the third covering layer; wherein the raw material of the kernel
comprises: hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, fermented sesame meal,
rice bran meal, plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite, bamboo charcoal powder and
polylactic acid.
Further, the specific operation of chemical spraying topping in step (8) is as follows:
Sl: in the boll-setting period of cotton, when the plant height is 55-65cm and the
number of fruiting branches is 6-8, spraying chemical topping agent on the top of the
cotton plant, and the spraying time is delayed by 5-6 days compared with the local
manual topping time; the spraying time and the irrigation time need to be adjusted, the
spraying time should be in the middle of the two drips; the chemical topping agent
includes the following components in terms of weight percentage: 15-20% mepiquat
chloride soluble powder, 5-10% TOUTA cotton topping agent and 70-80% water; the
TOUTA cotton topping agent includes the following components in terms of weight
percentage: 20-25% flumetralin emulsion, 0.01% naphthylboronic acid, 15-20%
emulsifier, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% co-solvent and 2-5% stabilizer; the dosage of the
chemical topping agent is 40-50ml/mu;
S2: After spraying the chemical topping agent, combined with the last regular
chemical control of mepiquat chloride, spraying 100-200g of potassium dihydrogen
phosphate per mu of cotton field.
Further, in Si of the specific operation process of chemical spraying topping in step
(8), if the cotton is overgrown, the amount of mepiquat chloride soluble powder is
increased by 2-3g on top of the conventional local chemical adjustment amount; in S2,
if the cotton is overgrown, the amount of mepiquat chloride soluble powder in the
chemical topping agent is increased by 5g and the amount of water is increased by
-25kg.
Further, in S2 of the specific operation process of chemical spraying topping in step
(8), the chemical topping agent is prepared by the double dilution method of water,
first add half the volume of water to the tank, the weighed components dissolved into
the mother liquor and poured into the tank and stirred well, and then fill up the tank
with water and stirred well.
Further, in S2 of the specific operation process of chemical spraying topping in step
(8), chemical topping agent is sprayed at 20 cm from the top of the cotton plant.
The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:
the cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized
production provided by the present invention can realize the friendly matching of
planted early-maturing cotton with cotton picking machinery to realize mechanized
cotton harvesting and promote the development process of machine cotton picking
technology; and the cotton seed yield is 10.20% higher than that of conventional
cultivation methods; and the cotton plants planted with the method of the present
invention can be mechanically harvested with a net picking rate of up to 98%, which
significantly reduces the losses during mechanical harvesting;
after the chemical spray topping operation of the invention, the cotton plant is
compact, the height of the plant becomes shorter, the main stem and fruiting branch
internodes are shortened, the boll formation is good, the permeability is good, the
light penetration of the lower and middle canopy of the cotton is increased, which
facilitates the growth of the lower and middle boll and the boll opening, which is
conducive to the even application of defoliant and defoliation at a later stage, which makes it easy for the mechanical harvesting of machine picked cotton; it can change the spatial arrangement structure of fruiting branches and leaf tips through regulation, which is conducive to increasing group density, giving full play to the fertiliser and water effect and improving fertiliser and water utilisation; its topping by means of chemical spraying is effective in both topping and regulating plant growth, thus achieving inhibition of cotton plant growth, reducing labour and labour intensity, improving topping efficiency, reducing cotton topping costs, increasing yields and achieving cost savings and efficiency gains; it can replace manual topping to achieve the full mechanisation of cotton production and further improve the degree of cotton mechanisation.
In the following, the invention is further described in connection with specific embodiments, it should be noted that new embodiments can be formed in any combination between the embodiments described below or between the technical features, provided that they do not conflict with each other. Embodiment 1: a cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanized production, including the following steps: (1) crushing the soil in the planting area so that the particle size of the clods is less than 2 cm, to obtain loose soil; (2) levelling the loosened soil so that the slope of the ground in the planting area is less than 0.3 %, i.e. the permissible difference in height (the difference in height between the top and bottom of the slope) of the ground over a length of 100 metres is 0.3 metres; (3) reasonable irrigation to control the moisture content of the loosened soil at -75%;
(4) selecting cotton seeds that are early-maturing, disease resistant, productive and have good overall quality characteristics for planting, with a row spacing of 66-76cm
between two adjacent rows (of which 70cm is the best) and a plant spacing of 9.5-11.5cm between two adjacent cotton plants in each row (of which 10cm is the best); the selected cotton seeds were selected from varieties yielding 240-250kg of seed cotton, 95-100kg of lint cotton, yield structure of 1500-1600 plants/667m2 , 30-32 adult boll/plant, single boll weight of 5g or more, 40% or more coat weight, fibre length > 30mm, breaking ratio strength > 30cN/tex, Micronaire value < 5.0, growth period < 11Od varieties of cotton; where the time of sowing is generally chosen for suitable weather, after the final frost and when the real time weather is not catastrophic; for example, sowing can be done when the local weather temperature has risen steadily to above 14C for five consecutive days and the ground temperature of 5 cm under the film reaches a steady 13°C; at the time of sowing, the seeds have a germination rate of 90% or more and are sown 1-2 seeds at a time; (5) seedling management: one-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.0-1.2g per mu; during this period, the plant height is 2-3cm, the red stem ratio is 0.4, the first main stem internodes begin to grow steadily, and the secondary roots develop well; five-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.0-1.5g per mu; during this period, the size of the 3rd and 4th leaves and the length of the 3rd and 4th main stem internodes stabilise at 3.5-4.5cm, allowing the new 5th main stem to grow steadily and at the right height to plant width ratio; seven-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.5-1.8g per mu; during this period, the plant is 18-20cm tall, the first fruiting branch has 5-6 nodes, the first fruiting branch is more than 18cm high; the growth centre starts to transform to reproduction, the first fruiting branch starts to form and is in an elongated state, the first fruiting branch has visible buds, showing the state of leaf buds, the number of buds is 1-2, the number of fruiting nodes is about 2; the 3rd and 4th leaves are basically set, the 5th and 6th leaves are in a fast and accelerated growth state; the main stem internodes have 7 nodes, the 3rd and 4th main stem intemodes are
basically set, the length of the internodes is 3.5-4.5cm, the 5th and 6th main stem
internodes are in a rapid and accelerated growth stage; the 7th main stem internode is
in the new growth stage;
(6) budding management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 2-2.2g
per mu;
during this period, cotton transforms from nutritional growth to reproductive growth
centre; the plant height is 50-55cm, the main stem internode length of the lower three
fruiting branches is 5-6cm, the main stem internode length of the middle three fruiting
branches is 6-7cm, the number of main stem leaves is 12, the effective number of
leaves is 5, the number of fruiting branches is 7, the fruiting branch length is 15-20cm,
the number of fruiting nodes is 6, the fruiting node internode length is 8-10cm, and
the number of buds is 14-16;
(7) flowering management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at
2-2.2g per mu; dripping of urea and potassium sulphate on the ground, including
3-5kg of urea per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu;
plants of this period have the following characteristics:
(7-1) plant height is around 50-55cm, number of leaves is 12-13, number of fruiting
branches is around 7, number of fruiting nodes is around 15, number of buds is
around 15, leaf area is 1.2-1.5;
(7-2) the leaves of the 8th, 9th and 10th main stems are basically set, the 11th and
12th leaves are growing rapidly and the 13th leaves are spreading; the 8th, 9th and
th intemodes of the main stem are basically set, with internodes 5-7 cm long; the
11th and 12th internodes of the main stem are growing rapidly, and the 13th intemode
of the main stem is new-grown;
(7-3) the leaves of the first fruiting nodes of the 1st-3rd fruiting branches are basically
set, and the leaves of the first fruiting nodes of the 4th, 5th and 6th fruiting branches
in the middle are growing rapidly; the second fruiting node leaves of the 1st fruiting
branch grow rapidly and the second fruiting node leaves of the 2nd and 3rd fruiting
branches begin to grow; the 1st fruiting branch commonly has 1 flower;
(7-4) shaping the structure of 1-3 fruiting branches basically formed, the leaf area in
the middle slightly smaller, the proportion of fruiting branch leaves increasing, the 4th,
th and 6th fruiting branches in the middle shorter (14-18cm on average, maximum
<20cm), the 9th, 10th and 11th main stem internodes slightly longer (6-7cm), and the
large rows of cotton closed in rows;
(7-5) the total light interception rate in the canopy during flowering is about 85%;
(8) topping by chemical spraying;
(9) full-bloom management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 3-5g
per mu; dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulphate on
the ground, including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate
per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu;
during this period, the plant height is 65-70cm, the number of buds is about 22, and
the number of fruit nodes is 22-24; the number of blooms is 10-14, the flower position
is 4-5th stage, and 3-5 bolls are visible;
(10) flower break management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at
3-5g per mu; dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium
sulphate on the ground, including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of potassium
dihydrogen phosphate per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu;
during this period, the natural plant height of cotton is kept at 80-85cm, flower
position reaches the top to the periphery, 7-9 bolls are visible, mainly pre-summer
bolls and summer bolls, with 1-2 autumn bolls, leaf area is 3.5-4.0, during this period
it is important to avoid low flowering positions, over-tender plant tops, bushy
branches, fat leaves, bright leaves, tender green tops and crown closure field
structures;
it is important to note that between the flowering and flower break periods, in the high
temperature season, water and fertiliser loss can easily occur, so appropriate water and
fertiliser applications are made during this period according to the actual situation, for
example, using drip irrigation techniques, with 30-40 cubic metres of water dripping
per mu, controlling the soil moisture content at 65-75%, and after drip irrigation,
spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 4g per mu; dripping of urea,
potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulphate on the ground, including 4kg
of urea per mu, 4kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu and 4kg of potassium
sulphate per mu;
(11) defoliation and ripening: when the natural boll opening rate of cotton reaches
-55%, the plants are sprayed with defoliant on the foliage;
when the natural boll opening rate of cotton reaches 45-55%, the plants are sprayed
with defoliant on the foliage, where the defoliants are commercially available cotton
defoliants, for example, the dosage and types of defoliants per mu include the follows,
which can be chosen from any of the following: QDropp Ultra 1Og + ethylene agent
g + Banbao 50g, adding 50kg of water; @Harvade 80ml + Ethephon 100g, adding
kg of water; @Dropp 40g + Ethephon 100g, adding 50kg of water; @Tuoyejing
g + Jiexiaoli 1Og + Ethephon 80g, adding 50kg of water;
(12) 18-20 days after spraying defoliant, cotton can be mechanically harvested when
the defoliation rate is >90% and the boll opening rate is >95%;
in order to improve efficiency, timely harvesting every day is very important; the
specific time requirement is 11:00-20:00 to ensure that the harvest quality and the
water content of the seed cotton do not exceed the standard of 12%.
In the five-leaf stage and seven-leaf stage in step (5), gibberellin and urea are sprayed
in the cotton field of weak seedlings, wherein 1.0-1.2g of gibberellin is sprayed per
mu and 100-200g of urea is sprayed per mu.
The total sowing amount of cotton in step (4) is 1.3-1.7 million seeds/mu and the
density is 7300-7700 plants/mu.
In the process of loosening the soil in step (1), fertilizer is applied, the amount of
fertilizer applied is as follows: urea 8-12kg/mu, rapeseed cake 23-27kg/mu, cotton
special slow-release fertilizer 23-27kg/mu, the mass ratio of N, P 2 0 5, K20 in the
cotton special slow-release fertilizer is 7-9:8-10:17-20.
The cotton special slow-release fertilizer comprises a kernel, a first covering layer
wrapped around the outside of the kernel, a second covering layer wrapped around the
outside of the first covering layer, a third covering layer wrapped around the outside
of the second covering layer, and a fourth covering layer wrapped around the outside
of the third covering layer; wherein the raw material of the kernel comprises:
hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, fermented sesame meal, rice bran meal,
plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite, bamboo charcoal powder and polylactic acid.
The specific operation of chemical spraying topping in step (8) is as follows:
Si: in the boll-setting period of cotton, when the plant height is 55-65cm and the
number of fruiting branches is 6-8, spraying chemical topping agent on the top of the
cotton plant, and the spraying time is delayed by 5-6 days compared with the local
manual topping time; the spraying time and the irrigation time need to be adjusted, the
spraying time should be in the middle of the two drips; the chemical topping agent
includes the following components in terms of weight percentage: 15-20% mepiquat
chloride soluble powder, 5-10% TOUTA cotton topping agent and 70-80% water; the
TOUTA cotton topping agent includes the following components in terms of weight
percentage: 20-25% flumetralin emulsion, 0.01% naphthylboronic acid, 15-20 %
emulsifier, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% co-solvent and 2-5% stabilizer; the dosage of the
chemical topping agent is 40-50ml/mu;
S2: After spraying the chemical topping agent, combined with the last regular
chemical control of mepiquat chloride, spraying 100-200g of potassium dihydrogen
phosphate per mu of cotton field.
In SI of the specific operation process of chemical spraying topping in step (8), if the
cotton is overgrown, the amount of mepiquat chloride soluble powder is increased by
2-3g on top of the conventional local chemical adjustment amount; in S2, if the cotton
is overgrown, the amount of mepiquat chloride soluble powder in the chemical
topping agent is increased by 5g and the amount of water is increased by 20-25kg.
In S2 of the specific operation process of chemical spraying topping in step (8), the
chemical topping agent is prepared by the double dilution method of water, first add
half the volume of water to the tank, the weighed components dissolved into the
mother liquor and poured into the tank and stirred well, and then fill up the tank with
water and stirred well.
In S2 of the specific operation process of chemical spraying topping in step (8),
chemical topping agent is sprayed at 20 cm from the top of the cotton plant.
The invention shall have mechanical working paths between the cotton planting area
and the edges of the field for the turning operation of larger machinery, inter-repeat
working paths between the cotton planting area repetitions for the separation of the
cotton planting area harvesting cottons, and the mechanical working paths planted
with cotton as protective rows.
It should be noted that the range of values described in the content of the present
invention can all achieve a good match between cotton and cotton pickers and
promote the development of machine cotton picking technology. Since the technical
solutions are similar, the description of the specific steps will not be repeated, but
should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled
in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once
the basic inventive concepts are known. The appended claims are therefore intended
to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and
modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.
It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various changes and variations to
the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if the
modifications and variations of the invention fall within the scope of the claims of the
invention and their technical equivalents, the invention is also intended to include
such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
- CLAIMS 1. A cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:(1) crushing the soil in the planting area so that the particle size of the clods is less than orequal to 2 cm, to obtain loose soil;(2) levelling the loosened soil so that the slope of the ground in the planting area is less than0.3 %;(3) reasonable irrigation to control the moisture content of the loosened soil at 65-75%;(4) selecting cotton seeds that are early-maturing, disease resistant, productive and have goodoverall quality characteristics for planting, with a row spacing of 66-76cm between twoadjacent rows and a plant spacing of 9.5-11.5cm between two adjacent cotton plants in eachrow;(5) seedling management:one-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.0-1.2g per mu;five-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.0-1.5g per mu;seven-leaf stage: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 1.5-1.8g per mu;(6) budding management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 2-2.2g per mu;(7) flowering management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 2-2.2g permu; dripping of urea and potassium sulphate on the ground, including 3-5kg of urea per muand 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu;(8) topping by chemical spraying;(9) full-bloom management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 3-5g per mu;dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulphate on the ground,including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu and 3-5kgof potassium sulphate per mu;(10) flower break management: spraying mepiquat chloride on the plant's foliage at 3-5g permu; dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulphate on the ground,including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu and 3-5kgof potassium sulphate per mu;(11) defoliation and ripening: when the natural boll opening rate of cotton reaches 45-55%,the plants are sprayed with defoliant on the foliage;CLAIMS (12) 18-20 days after spraying defoliant, cotton can be mechanically harvested when thedefoliation rate is >90% and the boll opening rate is >95%.
- 2. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that between step (9) and step (10), it furthercomprises: carrying out supplementary irrigation and supplementary fertilisation, controllingthe moisture content of the soil at 6 5 - 7 5 %, after irrigation, spraying mepiquat chloride on theplant's foliage at 3-5g per mu; dripping of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate andpotassium sulphate on the ground, including 3-5kg of urea per mu, 3-5kg of potassiumdihydrogen phosphate per mu and 3-5kg of potassium sulphate per mu.
- 3. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that in the five-leaf stage and seven-leafstage in step (5), gibberellin and urea are sprayed in the cotton field of weak seedlings,wherein 1.0-1.2g of gibberellin is sprayed per mu and 100-200g of urea is sprayed per mu.
- 4. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that the total sowing amount of cotton instep (4) is 1.3-1.7 million seeds/mu and the density is 7300-7700 plants/mu.
- 5. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of loosening the soil instep (1), fertilizer is applied, the amount of fertilizer applied is as follows: urea 8-12kg/mu,rapeseed cake 23-27kg/mu, cotton special slow-release fertilizer 23-27kg/mu, the mass ratioof N, P205, K20 in the cotton special slow-release fertilizer is 7-9:8-10:17-20.
- 6. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction according to claim 5, characterized in that the cotton special slow-release fertilizercomprises a kernel, a first covering layer wrapped around the outside of the kernel, a secondcovering layer wrapped around the outside of the first covering layer, a third covering layerwrapped around the outside of the second covering layer, and a fourth covering layer wrappedaround the outside of the third covering layer; wherein the raw material of the kernelcomprises: hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, fermented sesame meal, rice branmeal, plant ash, peat soil, expanded perlite, bamboo charcoal powder and polylactic acid.
- 7. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedCLAIMS production according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operation of chemicalspraying topping in step (8) is as follows:Si: in the boll-setting period of cotton, when the plant height is 55-65cm and the number offruiting branches is 6-8, spraying chemical topping agent on the top of the cotton plant, andthe spraying time is delayed by 5-6 days compared with the local manual topping time; thespraying time and the irrigation time need to be adjusted, the spraying time should be in themiddle of the two drips; the chemical topping agent includes the following components interms of weight percentage: 15 -2 0 % mepiquat chloride soluble powder, 5-10% TOUTA cottontopping agent and 7 0 -8 0 % water; the TOUTA cotton topping agent includes the followingcomponents in terms of weight percentage: 2 0 -2 5 % flumetralin emulsion, 0.01%naphthylboronic acid, 15-20% emulsifier, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% co-solvent and 2-5%stabilizer; the dosage of the chemical topping agent is 40-50ml/mu;S2: After spraying the chemical topping agent, combined with the last regular chemicalcontrol of mepiquat chloride, spraying 100-200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per muof cotton field.
- 8. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction according to claim 7, characterized in that in S1 of the specific operation processof chemical spraying topping in step (8), if the cotton is overgrown, the amount of mepiquatchloride soluble powder is increased by 2-3g on top of the conventional local chemicaladjustment amount; in S2, if the cotton is overgrown, the amount of mepiquat chloride solublepowder in the chemical topping agent is increased by 5g and the amount of water is increasedby 20-25kg.
- 9. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable for mechanizedproduction according to claim 7, characterized in that in S2 of the specific operation processof chemical spraying topping in step (8), the chemical topping agent is prepared by the doubledilution method of water, first add half the volume of water to the tank, the weighedcomponents dissolved into the mother liquor and poured into the tank and stirred well, andthen fill up the tank with water and stirred well.
- 10. The cultivation method of high-quality early-maturing cotton suitable formechanized production according to claim 7, characterized in that in S2 of the specificCLAIMS operation process of chemical spraying topping in step (8), chemical topping agent is sprayedat 20 cm from the top of the cotton plant.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115918484A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-04-07 | 无棣县优程为农服务有限公司 | Planting method for direct seeding of precocious cotton after wheat growing |
| WO2023197496A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | 石河子大学 | Comprehensive evaluation indicator monitoring and evaluation method and system for machine-harvested cotton defoliation effects |
-
2021
- 2021-08-10 AU AU2021105218A patent/AU2021105218A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023197496A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | 石河子大学 | Comprehensive evaluation indicator monitoring and evaluation method and system for machine-harvested cotton defoliation effects |
| CN115918484A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-04-07 | 无棣县优程为农服务有限公司 | Planting method for direct seeding of precocious cotton after wheat growing |
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