CN112369285A - Planting method for interplanting safflower and pea - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting safflower and pea, which comprises the following steps: interplanting Carthami flos and semen Pisi Sativi. The invention has the advantages that: can effectively control the occurrence of pea diseases and insect pests, reduce the pesticide application amount in the pea single cropping planting process, reduce the safflower fertilization amount in the field management process, greatly save the expenditure of manpower and material resources, and improve the land utilization rate and the yield.

Description

Planting method for interplanting safflower and pea

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a planting method for interplanting safflower and pea.

Background

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an annual dicotyledonous herbaceous plant of Carthamus of Compositae (Compositae), has the effects of activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis, relieving pain and the like by using dry petals as a medicine, is a large common medicinal material in China, and is a variety collected in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). Also named: red flower, red-blue flower, and grass safflower, wherein the flower color is red, yellow, white, orange or red orange. The distribution range is wide, the main production areas, such as Xinjiang, Yunnan, Shandong and the like, can be cultivated at different altitudes in different areas, and is mainly suitable for growing at an altitude of 1600-2000 m. The safflower petal is mainly used for extracting haematochrome and yellow pigment in the cultivation history of more than two thousand years in China, safflower seeds are used for extracting oil, the content of linoleic acid in the safflower seed oil reaches 85 percent and is called 'the king of linoleic acid', and the development value of the safflower petal for medical use and oil is huge.

Pea (Pisum sativum Linn) is an annual climbing herb of Pisum, and the main production areas include Sichuan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu and the like, are semi-cold-resistant crops, have strong adaptability, can be eaten by seeds, tender pods and tender seedlings, and have short growth cycle and good planting benefit.

At present, the planting area of the safflower or the pea is rapidly enlarged along with the increase of the demand of the safflower and the green pea, but the planting level is still lower, particularly in high altitude areas, the safflower or the pea is singly planted, a certain space position is needed due to the branch and the bud formation of the safflower, the land utilization rate is low, the planting amount of the pea is too large, the plant diseases and insect pests are not easy to control, and the planting benefit of the single planting of the safflower and the pea is lower.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a planting method for interplanting safflower and pea, which can improve the land utilization rate and increase the yield of safflower and pea.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a planting method for interplanting safflower and pea comprises the following steps: interplanting Carthami flos and semen Pisi Sativi.

Preferably, the interplanted planting land is a gentle slope land with an altitude of 1600-1700 meters, and is planted in a sandy loam land block with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage.

Preferably, the planting field is selected and then soil preparation and base fertilizer application are carried out; the land preparation comprises removing weeds and stones, deep ploughing, fine ploughing and fine cropping, so that the planting land is flat and fine-crushed; the base fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure, a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.

Preferably, 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 5-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-7 kg of nitrogen fertilizer are uniformly spread in each mu of planting field.

Preferably, the planting field is leveled and finely crushed and then made into furrows, the width of each furrow is 100-120 cm, and the width of each furrow is 10-15 cm.

Preferably, the safflower seeds or the pea seeds are selected to be seeds with consistent plump seeds.

Preferably, before sowing, the safflower seeds are sun-planted for 3 days, soaked in water at 35-40 ℃ for 4-8 hours, cooled by cold water and dried;

sowing the safflower seeds and the pea seeds in 9-10 months; the sowing quantity of the safflower seeds is 1.5 kg-2.5 kg/mu, and the sowing quantity of the pea seeds is 8 kg-10 kg/mu;

during sowing, 3-4 rows of peas are planted on a furrow surface with the width of 120cm in a hole sowing mode, the row spacing is 30cm, the soil covering is 2-3 cm, the single-jar sowing amount is 3-5, and the jar spacing is about 10 cm; then planting safflower seeds in the furrow, sowing the safflower seeds in the furrow, wherein the jar distance is 40-50 cm, the single-jar sowing quantity is 3-5, and after sowing, the seeds are lightly covered by screened fine soil or humus.

Preferably, the method also comprises the field management of the safflower and the field management of the peas;

the field management of the safflower comprises the following steps:

a. thinning and final singling: thinning when the safflower seedling has 3 leaves, removing weak seedlings, overlarge seedlings or undersized seedlings, and reserving medium strong seedlings, wherein 3-4 plants are reserved in each hole; when the height of the seedlings is 10-12 cm, 1 seedling is fixed in each cave, and if the shortage of the pond is found, the seedlings are timely transplanted with soil, so that the full seedlings are ensured;

b. topdressing: seedling fertilizer: applying 15Kg of urea per mu after seedling setting is finished in the last ten days of 12 months to the middle ten days of 12 months; secondly, stalk-growing fertilizer: in the last 3 th to middle 3 th months, when seedlings are 30-40cm high and a large number of branches appear, fertilizing heavily, selecting 15 Kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (15-15-15) compound fertilizer, and after applying, earthing up at the rhizosphere to be 4-8 cm thick; most plants begin to bud, 0.1% -0.3% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the monopotassium phosphate is sprayed for the second time every 7-10 days; thirdly, applying nitrogen fertilizer for 15 Kg/mu before blooming;

c. pest and disease control of safflower:

the pesticide control method comprises the following steps: anthracnose: in the early stage of disease occurrence, spraying 500 times of liquid or 3000 times of liquid of 80% thiram wettable powder or 40% thiram for preventing and treating, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 7 days; ② rust disease: spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 2000 times of 10% world high water dispersible granule once per week for 2-3 times at the beginning of disease attack;

after the land is ploughed, the land is aired in the sun for 7-10 days, within 3 days of sowing, 5% of venomous octyl particles are applied in a broadcasting way or drenching application in a seedling stage, 2 kg/mu of venomous octyl-phthalate or emamectin benzoate poison bait is used for trapping and killing pests, once every 7 days, and 2-3 times of continuous application is carried out;

aphid control: suspending yellow board, spraying with 2000 times of 40% imidacloprid solution for prevention and treatment in severe cases, spraying once every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;

controlling borers: at the initial stage, 15% of avermectin-chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution 1000 times is sprayed on the leaf surface for prevention and treatment, and the avermectin-chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is sprayed once every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times;

controlling leaf miner: hanging a blue board, and when the disease is serious, selecting 1000 times of liquid of 30% avermectin-chlorbenzuron suspending agent for spraying prevention, spraying once every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;

the field management of the peas comprises the following steps:

a. thinning and final singling: thinning the pea seedlings when the pea seedlings grow to 8-12 cm high in the middle ten days of 9 months, and reserving 3-4 healthy and strong seedlings;

b. topdressing: topdressing root fertilizer is carried out synchronously with safflower, and the fertilizing period comprises seedling fertilizer, flower fertilizer and bean fertilizer;

c. disease control of peas, namely soil accumulation is avoided, and ventilation and light transmission are good; in the seedling stage of the middle ten days of 9 months and before blooming in 10 months, the Baixieling is used for foliage spraying, and the pesticide is mixed with water by about 20 g/mu.

Preferably, the method also comprises harvesting and processing;

the harvesting and processing of the safflower comprises the following steps:

a. harvesting

Harvesting flowers: harvesting safflower in 3-4 months of the next year, wherein the rosette lobe of the safflower is open, and the safflower is harvested in the early morning in a full-bloom stage;

collecting seeds: firstly, a plurality of flower balls are pinched by hands, seeds are easy to fall off, and then the flower balls can be harvested by making crisp sound when being bitten by teeth;

b. machining

Covering the collected corolla with a layer of white paper, and drying in the sun, or drying in the shade in a cool and ventilated place; or drying in a drying room at 40-60 ℃.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced. The safflower and the peas are intercropped, so that the occurrence of pea diseases and insect pests can be effectively controlled, the pesticide application amount in the single-cropping planting process of the peas is reduced, the safflower fertilization amount is reduced in the field management process, and the expenditure of manpower and material resources is greatly saved.

2. The land utilization rate is improved. The method has the advantages that high-stem red flowers with long growth period and short-stem creeping-shaped growing vegetable peas with short growth period are used for relay intercropping, when the vegetable peas are picked, the red flowers still grow and enter the flowering stage, the wide space is favorable for the branches and flowering of the red flowers, the land cannot be left unused for a long time, land resources are reasonably utilized, and the land utilization rate is improved.

3. Increase the income of farmers. Compared with single planting, the interplanting planting of the safflower and the peas increases the output value of the peas on the premise of ensuring the output value of the safflower, increases the output value of 600 plus 2700 Yuan per mu and improves the income of farmers.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Example 1

A planting method for interplanting safflower and pea comprises the following steps:

(1) the planting land is selected from gentle slope land with elevation of 1600-1700 m, sandy loam land with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage.

(2) Soil preparation and base fertilizer application:

firstly, harvesting the corn of the previous spring crop, harvesting and cleaning the straw, the weeds, the stones, the hard soil blocks and other sundries which affect the deep ploughing and planting.

Secondly, deep ploughing. Firstly, planting on raw land, and deep ploughing after the rainy season is over; secondly, planting on the planted land, after harvesting the previous stubbles, deep ploughing and re-turning the planted land in the middle and last ten days of 9 months or the middle and last ten days of 10 months, wherein the ploughing depth is preferably 30-35 cm; and thirdly, carrying out secondary fine-tillage fine-cropping 10 days or 15 days before sowing, turning over, harrowing, and picking up field impurities to level and finely crush the land mass.

And (3) applying a base fertilizer during deep ploughing, wherein the base fertilizer is mainly decomposed farmyard manure and can be applied in a proper amount in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and 1000 or 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 5-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-7 kg of nitrogen fertilizer are uniformly spread per mu.

(3) Ridging: leveling and finely crushing the land parcel, making beds according to the direction of the slope, and if the slope faces east-west, selecting the direction of the bed surface at will; if the slope faces to the north and the south, a furrow face with the trend of east and west is made to reduce the water loss in the field in the dry season. The width of the ridge is 100-120 cm, the length of the ridge is determined according to the length of the slope, and the width of the ridge ditch is 10-15 cm. When the farmland is ridged, drainage ditches are arranged around the planting field, and the waterlogging prevention and drainage are paid attention.

(4) Sowing:

generally, the safflower seed is the seed with good growth vigor of the plant in the last year reserved by the user or the seed with full seeds is purchased, and the safflower seed is reserved by the user in this embodiment. The semen Pisi Sativi can be selected from Henan semen Pisi Sativi. During seed selection, the seeds of the safflower and the pea are required to be full, empty grains, blighted grains, grass seeds and impurities are kicked out through air separation, water separation, screening, machine selection, grain selection and the like, and the large, full and consistent seeds are selected.

a. Seed treatment: sun-drying seeds: before sowing, airing safflower seeds for 3 days in sunny days; selecting seeds with empty and shriveled grains removed, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-40 ℃ for 6h to promote water absorption so as to improve the germination rate, taking out the seeds, pouring the seeds into cold water for cooling, taking out the seeds, airing the surface of the seed coats, sowing the seeds, and selecting medicaments such as carbendazim, mancozeb and the like for seed dressing so as to prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases;

b. sowing time: sowing safflower and pea in 9-10 months;

c. seeding rate: the seeding rate of the safflower is about 2.0 kg/mu, and the seeding rate of the pea is 8.0-10.0 kg/mu;

d. the sowing method comprises the following steps: the sowing method comprises drill sowing and hole sowing, and the large-area conventional planting is mainly the hole sowing. Most farmers adopt hole sowing, firstly, 3-4 rows of peas are planted on a furrow surface with the width of 120cm in a hole sowing mode, the row spacing is 30cm, the soil covering is 2-3 cm, the single-jar sowing amount is 3-5, and the jar spacing is about 10 cm; then planting safflower seeds in the furrow, sowing the safflower seeds in the furrow, wherein the jar distance is 40-50 cm, the single-jar sowing quantity is 3-5, and after sowing, the seeds are lightly covered by screened fine soil or humus.

(5) And (3) field management of safflower:

when the moisture and weather are proper, the seedlings can emerge about one week.

a. Thinning and final singling: thinning when the safflower seedling has 3 leaves, removing weak seedlings, overlarge seedlings or undersized seedlings, and reserving medium strong seedlings, wherein 3-4 plants are reserved in each hole; when the height of the seedlings is 10-12 cm, 1 seedling is fixed in each cave, and if the shortage of the pond is found, the seedlings are timely transplanted with soil, so that the full seedlings are ensured.

b. Topdressing: seedling fertilizer: and applying 15Kg of urea per mu after finishing final singling in the last ten days of 12 months to the middle ten days. Secondly, stalk-growing fertilizer: in the last 3 months to middle 3 months, when the seedling is 30-40cm high and a large number of branches appear, the fertilizer is applied again, 15 Kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (15-15-15) compound fertilizer is selected, and the rhizosphere hilling thickness is about 6cm after the fertilizer is applied. Most plants begin to bud, 0.1-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the second time is sprayed every 7-10 days to increase the number of buds, enlarge flower buds and improve the yield of the safflower; thirdly, nitrogen fertilizer is applied once again before blooming, 15 Kg/mu, so that the seeds are full and the oil content is increased.

c. Pest and disease control of safflower:

the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests should be mainly carried out on farmland and assisted by chemical prevention and control.

The diseases of safflower mainly comprise anthracnose, rust disease, root rot, virus disease, powdery mildew and the like. The farmland is prevented and controlled more to reduce planting density and increase air circulation. Anthracnose

The pesticide control method comprises the following steps: anthracnose: in the early stage of disease, 80% thiram wettable powder 500 times liquid or 40% thiram 3000 times liquid is sprayed for prevention and treatment, and the thiram wettable powder is sprayed once every 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times. ② rust disease: spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid and 10% aqueous dispersion granule 2000 times liquid once a week for 2-3 times at the beginning of disease onset.

The insect pests of Carthami flos include aphid, borer, leaf miner, cutworm, etc.

After the land is ploughed, the land is aired in the sun for 7-10 days, within 3 days of sowing, 5% of venomous pungent particles are applied in a broadcasting way or drenching in a seedling stage, 2 kg/mu or the venomous baits made of emamectin benzoate are used for trapping and killing, and the land is continuously applied for 2-3 times once every 7 days so as to effectively control cutworms.

Aphid control: suspending yellow board, spraying with 2000 times of 40% imidacloprid solution for prevention and treatment in severe cases, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 7 days.

Controlling borers: at the initial stage, 15% avermectin-chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution 1000 times is sprayed on the leaf surface for prevention and treatment, and the avermectin-chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is sprayed once every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times.

Controlling leaf miner: hanging a blue board, selecting 1000 times of liquid of 30 percent avermectin-chlorbenzuron suspending agent for spray control when the disease is serious, spraying once every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.

(6) Harvesting and processing of safflower:

a. harvesting

Harvesting flowers: when the safflower is harvested in 3-4 months of the next year, the rosette of the safflower is open, the rosette is not easy to break when being picked in the early morning in the full-bloom period, and the bud is not stabbing. When the harvesting is too late, the corolla turns into purple black, which affects the quality; premature harvest, no pollination, yellow color, affecting quality and seed yield.

Collecting seeds: the seeds are easy to fall off when a plurality of ball flowers are pinched by hands, and then the seeds can be harvested by making crisp sound when the seeds are bitten by teeth.

b. Machining

Covering the collected corolla with a layer of white paper, and drying in the sun, or drying in the shade in a cool and ventilated place; or drying in a drying room at 40-60 ℃.

(7) Reserving seeds of safflower: in the full-bloom stage, a high-yield single plant which is strong in growth, consistent in plant height, strong in disease resistance, multiple in effective branches, large in flower, long in crown, regular in flowering, and clear and free of diseases and insect pests is selected and marked to serve as a seed reserving plant. And after flower picking, withering the stem leaves, carefully picking when the lean fruits are mature, optionally cutting the lean fruits on a sunny day, airing the cut fruits in a dry and ventilated place, threshing the cut fruits, and storing the cut fruits in a cloth bag.

(8) Pea field management

a. Thinning and final singling: thinning the pea seedlings to the height of about 10cm in the middle ten days of 9 months, and reserving 3-4 healthy and strong seedlings;

b. topdressing: the top dressing of root fertilizer is carried out synchronously with safflower, and the fertilizing period is divided into seedling fertilizer, flower fertilizer and bean fertilizer.

c. The disease control of peas, in the growth process of peas, the main disease is such diseases as powdery mildew, rust disease, etc., combine the "prevention is the main, the plant protection policy of comprehensive control", the control method is to plant in the cool area with higher altitude, it is not suitable to be too dense to plant, should not leave the seedling too much; the soil is not accumulated with water, and the ventilation and the light transmission are good; in the seedling stage of the middle ten days of 9 months and before blooming in 10 months, the Baixieling is used for foliage spraying, and the pesticide is mixed with water by about 20 g/mu.

(9) Pea harvesting: the planting method is characterized in that green peas are harvested in the same year for sale, the peas are harvested at proper time according to use requirements when pea pods are mature, the green peas can be harvested for about 3 rounds generally, straws and weeds are cut off after the peas are harvested so as to promote branches of the safflower, effective branches are generated on the base of the stems, the number of buds is increased, and high yield of the safflower is facilitated.

In the embodiment, 300kg of green peas can be harvested per mu, 9 yuan/kg can be harvested according to the market price, and the yield per mu is 2700 yuan; harvesting 40Kg of safflower per mu, wherein the yield per mu is 3200 yuan according to the market price of 80 yuan/Kg, harvesting 300Kg of safflower seeds per mu, and the yield per mu is 900 yuan according to the market price of 3 yuan/Kg; the total income per mu is 6800 yuan, which is more than 1400 yuan plus 2700 yuan per mu of the total income per mu of the planting of peas or safflower. Compared with a single planting mode, the interplanting mode of the safflower and the pea not only saves the investment of cost, but also increases the economic benefit, and is a low-investment and high-yield modern agricultural planting method. The advantages of this relay intercropping mode are the following:

(1) no need of intertillage weeding, and reduced cost of artificial weeding. The cultivation and weeding are carried out for 2-3 times in the seedling stage of single safflower planting, because the interplanting of the safflower occupies underground space and competes with weeds for growing space, the breeding of the weeds can be greatly reduced, and the expenditure of manpower and material resources is greatly saved.

(2) The land utilization rate is improved. After the peas are harvested in the first year, the safflower still grows, so that the land cannot be limited to waste for a long time, and land resources are reasonably utilized.

(3) The usage amount of pesticides in the pea planting process is effectively reduced, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the safflower growth process is reduced, and the method is an ecological and economical efficient planting mode.

Repeated practice proves that the planting mode is a single mode which changes the traditional high input and low output by a scientific and modern planting method, is worthy of large-area popularization and planting, and benefits the majority of workers.

Example 2

A planting method for interplanting safflower and pea comprises the steps of planting field selection, land preparation, base fertilizer application, bed making, sowing, field management, seed reservation, harvesting and the like, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps:

selecting a planting land, namely selecting a gentle slope land with the elevation of 1700 m;

soil preparation and base fertilizer application: the same as example 1;

ridging: the same as example 1;

(4) sowing:

the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the seeds of safflower and pea were selected.

a. Seed treatment: selecting seeds with empty and shriveled grains removed, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-40 ℃ for 6h to promote water absorption so as to improve the germination rate, taking out the seeds, pouring the seeds into cold water for cooling, taking out the seeds, airing the surface of the seed coats, sowing the seeds, and selecting medicaments such as carbendazim, mancozeb and the like for seed dressing so as to prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases;

b. sowing time: sowing the safflower and the pea in the middle and last ten days of 6 months;

c. seeding rate: the seeding rate of the safflower is about 2.0 kg/mu, and the seeding rate of the pea is 8.0-10.0 kg/mu;

d. the sowing method comprises the following steps: the sowing method comprises drill sowing and hole sowing, and the large-area conventional planting is mainly the hole sowing. Most farmers adopt hole sowing, firstly, 3-4 rows of peas are planted on a furrow surface with the width of 120cm in a hole sowing mode, the row spacing is 30cm, the soil covering is 2-3 cm, the single-jar sowing amount is 3-5, and the jar spacing is about 10 cm; then planting safflower seeds in the furrow, sowing the safflower seeds in the furrow, wherein the jar distance is 40-50 cm, the single-jar sowing quantity is 3-5, and after sowing, the seeds are lightly covered by screened fine soil or humus. The drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy seasons should be noticed, and the large breeding of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented.

The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.

280kg of green peas can be harvested per mu according to the embodiment, the yield per mu is 2240 yuan according to the market price of 8 yuan/kg; 30Kg of safflower is harvested per mu, the yield per mu is 2400 yuan according to the market price of 80 yuan/Kg, 290Kg of safflower seeds are harvested per mu, the yield per mu is 1160 yuan according to the market price of 4 yuan/Kg; the total income per mu is 5800 yuan, which is increased by 1000 plus 2300 yuan compared with the income per mu of safflower planting and pea planting.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A planting method for interplanting safflower and pea is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: interplanting Carthami flos and semen Pisi Sativi.

2. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: the interplanting planting land is a gentle slope land with the altitude of 1600-1700 meters, and is planted in sandy loam land blocks with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage.

3. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the planting field is selected, soil preparation and base fertilizer application are carried out; the land preparation comprises removing weeds and stones, deep ploughing, fine ploughing and fine cropping, so that the planting land is flat and fine-crushed; the base fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure, a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.

4. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 3, wherein: and uniformly spreading 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 5-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5-7 kg of nitrogen fertilizer in each mu of planting field.

5. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 3, wherein: the planting field is made into furrows after being flattened and finely crushed, the width of each furrow is 100-120 cm, and the width of each furrow ditch is 10-15 cm.

6. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: the safflower seeds or the pea seeds are seeds with consistent plump seeds.

7. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 6, wherein: before sowing, sun-drying the seeds of the safflower for 3 days, soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 4-8 hours, cooling the seeds in cold water, and airing the seeds;

sowing the safflower seeds and the pea seeds in 9-10 months; the sowing quantity of the safflower seeds is 1.5 kg-2.5 kg/mu, and the sowing quantity of the pea seeds is 8 kg-10 kg/mu;

during sowing, 3-4 rows of peas are planted on a furrow surface with the width of 120cm in a hole sowing mode, the row spacing is 30cm, the soil covering is 2-3 cm, the single-jar sowing amount is 3-5, and the jar spacing is about 10 cm; then planting safflower seeds in the furrow, sowing the safflower seeds in the furrow, wherein the jar distance is 40-50 cm, the single-jar sowing quantity is 3-5, and after sowing, the seeds are lightly covered by screened fine soil or humus.

8. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also comprises the field management of the safflower and the field management of the peas;

the field management of the safflower comprises the following steps:

a. thinning and final singling: thinning when the safflower seedling has 3 leaves, removing weak seedlings, overlarge seedlings or undersized seedlings, and reserving medium strong seedlings, wherein 3-4 plants are reserved in each hole; when the height of the seedlings is 10-12 cm, 1 seedling is fixed in each cave, and if the shortage of the pond is found, the seedlings are timely transplanted with soil, so that the full seedlings are ensured;

b. topdressing: seedling fertilizer: applying 15Kg of urea per mu after seedling setting is finished in the last ten days of 12 months to the middle ten days of 12 months; secondly, stalk-growing fertilizer: in the last 3 th to middle 3 th months, when seedlings are 30-40cm high and a large number of branches appear, fertilizing heavily, selecting 15 Kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (15-15-15) compound fertilizer, and after applying, earthing up at the rhizosphere to be 4-8 cm thick; most plants begin to bud, 0.1% -0.3% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the monopotassium phosphate is sprayed for the second time every 7-10 days; thirdly, applying nitrogen fertilizer for 15 Kg/mu before blooming;

c. pest and disease control of safflower:

the pesticide control method comprises the following steps: anthracnose: in the early stage of disease occurrence, spraying 500 times of liquid or 3000 times of liquid of 80% thiram wettable powder or 40% thiram for preventing and treating, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 7 days; ② rust disease: spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 2000 times of 10% world high water dispersible granule once per week for 2-3 times at the beginning of disease attack;

after the land is ploughed, the land is aired in the sun for 7-10 days, within 3 days of sowing, 5% of venomous octyl particles are applied in a broadcasting way or drenching application in a seedling stage, 2 kg/mu of venomous octyl-phthalate or emamectin benzoate poison bait is used for trapping and killing pests, once every 7 days, and 2-3 times of continuous application is carried out;

aphid control: suspending yellow board, spraying with 2000 times of 40% imidacloprid solution for prevention and treatment in severe cases, spraying once every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;

controlling borers: at the initial stage, 15% of avermectin-chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution 1000 times is sprayed on the leaf surface for prevention and treatment, and the avermectin-chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is sprayed once every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times;

controlling leaf miner: hanging a blue board, and when the disease is serious, selecting 1000 times of liquid of 30% avermectin-chlorbenzuron suspending agent for spraying prevention, spraying once every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;

the field management of the peas comprises the following steps:

a. thinning and final singling: thinning the pea seedlings when the pea seedlings grow to 8-12 cm high in the middle ten days of 9 months, and reserving 3-4 healthy and strong seedlings;

b. topdressing: topdressing root fertilizer is carried out synchronously with safflower, and the fertilizing period comprises seedling fertilizer, flower fertilizer and bean fertilizer;

c. disease control of peas, namely soil accumulation is avoided, and ventilation and light transmission are good; in the seedling stage of the middle ten days of 9 months and before blooming in 10 months, the Baixieling is used for foliage spraying, and the pesticide is mixed with water by about 20 g/mu.

9. The planting method of safflower and pea intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: also comprises harvesting and processing;

the harvesting and processing of the safflower comprises the following steps:

a. harvesting

Harvesting flowers: harvesting safflower in 3-4 months of the next year, wherein the rosette lobe of the safflower is open, and the safflower is harvested in the early morning in a full-bloom stage;

collecting seeds: firstly, a plurality of flower balls are pinched by hands, seeds are easy to fall off, and then the flower balls can be harvested by making crisp sound when being bitten by teeth;

b. machining

Covering the collected corolla with a layer of white paper, and drying in the sun, or drying in the shade in a cool and ventilated place; or drying in a drying room at 40-60 ℃.