CN115152569A - High-yield cultivation method for high-quality cotton - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for high-quality cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN115152569A CN115152569A CN202210996497.1A CN202210996497A CN115152569A CN 115152569 A CN115152569 A CN 115152569A CN 202210996497 A CN202210996497 A CN 202210996497A CN 115152569 A CN115152569 A CN 115152569A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for high-quality cotton, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) soil treatment: before sowing, applying biological fertilizer into soil, and deeply ploughing; (2) sowing: sowing 3-4 robust seeds in ten days in the middle of 5 months; (3) pruning: in the bud initial stage, trimming cotton plants and removing all nutritive branches at the bottom; (4) topping; (5) fertilizing: the cotton plant enters the initial flowering phase, and a slow release compound fertilizer is applied; and (6) pest control: and performing pest control from the beginning of ten days in the middle 6 months to 50-60 days after topping. The method can effectively improve the number of bolls and the weight of single bolls of a single plant and reduce the rotten boll rate, thereby realizing the double improvement of the quality and the yield of cotton, reducing the labor intensity and being more suitable for mechanized harvesting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for high-quality cotton.
Background
Cotton is the most important economic crop in China, is also an important strategic material for the national civilization of affairs, and has a very important position in the national economy. The traditional cotton planting is from planting to finishing, and is as long as 8 months, fussy, complex, labor-consuming and time-consuming, and although the research on mechanical direct seeding, light simplified seedling raising and transplanting and mechanical plant protection is progressed in recent years, the production of cotton still has the problems of low efficiency and difficult bottleneck breaking through of yield and quality.
Meanwhile, in the process of cultivating cotton, the cotton plants are easy to suffer from diseases and insect pests, and although certain progress is made in the breeding of resistant varieties in the prior art, the bred resistant varieties can only avoid the occurrence of certain diseases and insect pests in a targeted manner, and the condition that the cotton plants suffer from various diseases and insect pests in actual production still occurs, so that the yield and the quality of the cotton are indirectly influenced. In addition, the quality of cotton bolls directly determines the yield of cotton and the quality of cotton batting, in the traditional planting mode, manual trimming is almost carried out in the whole growth period of the cotton, labor and time are wasted, and in order to enable cotton plants to have more bolls, as many nutrition branches as possible are usually reserved in the seedling period. Although the method ensures the number of branches for bearing the bolls, the method has the conditions that the bolls of a single plant are more, but the cotton bolls are smaller and the total cotton yield is not high. Meanwhile, the size of the cotton bolls restricts the development of the quality of the cotton wool.
Therefore, how to improve the cotton cultivation technology and improve the cotton quality while increasing the yield is an urgent problem to be solved in the present cotton cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield cultivation method for high-quality cotton, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and improve the cotton planting yield and the cotton wool quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of high-quality cotton, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil treatment: before sowing, applying biological fertilizer into soil, and deeply ploughing; the biological fertilizer is prepared by inoculating chicken manure and cotton straws with a compound strain and fermenting; the compound strain comprises Trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and Rhizopus oryzae.
(2) Sowing: sowing 3-4 robust seeds in ten days in the middle of 5 months;
(3) Pruning: in the bud initial stage, trimming cotton plants and removing all nutritive branches at the bottom;
(4) Topping: topping when the plant height is 80-100 cm, and carrying out chemical regulation 3-5 days after topping;
(5) Topdressing: the cotton plant enters the initial flowering phase, and a slow-release compound fertilizer is applied;
(6) And (3) pest control: and performing pest control from the beginning of the middle ten days of 6 months to 50-60 days after topping.
Further, in step (1), the inoculation ratio of trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and rhizopus oryzae is 1.
Further, in the step (1), the fermentation conditions are: fermenting for 30 days at 25-30 ℃.
Further, in the step (1), the fertilizing amount of the biological fertilizer is 150-200 g/m 2 。
Further, in the step (2), the row spacing is set to be 76cm, and the planting spacing is set to be 20-30 cm before sowing.
Further, in the step (3), when the bud period is 1-2 fruit branches.
Further, in the step (3), spraying a mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.003 percent after pruning, wherein the spraying amount is 15-20 kg/mu.
Further, in step (4), the chemical regulation comprises: spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.03 percent, wherein the spraying amount is 20-30 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (5), the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 27-30 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (6), the pest control specifically includes spray control with a pesticide.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) In the biological fertilizer, the rhizopus oryzae can fully degrade organic matters in animal fertilizer and plant straws, so that the fertilizer is easier to absorb by crops, and the trichoderma, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus can improve the resistance of the crops and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, thereby reducing the rotting rate of cotton plants and ensuring the development quality of cotton battings.
(2) Compared with transplanting delay of nearly 20 days, the direct seeding mode is adopted, the cotton growth progress is accelerated, the whole growth period is shortened by about 19 days, and cotton centralized flowering and boll formation are facilitated; the slow release fertilizer is used, so that the requirement of the cotton on nutrients in the whole growth period is met, the fertilizer can play a role stably and efficiently for a long time, and secondary topdressing is not needed. Reduces labor investment and production data investment, reduces labor intensity, and is more suitable for mechanized picking.
(3) Pruning is carried out in the early bud period, all nutrient branches at the bottom are removed, the nutrient supply is limited under the condition of one root, the moisture and the nutrient preferentially meet the longitudinal growth requirement, and the morphological characteristics of thin section, short branches and small leaves are formed, so that the growth of proud buds is inhibited, the nutrient consumption is saved, more nutrients are concentrated on the aspects of multi-boll growth and boll growth, the yield is increased, and the yield is increased. Mao Er, the proud buds are few in birth and slow in growth, fruit branches can stop extending earlier, cotton trimming and pruning are not needed except topping cores, and meanwhile, all nutrition branches at the bottom are removed, so that ventilation and light transmittance of cotton plants are increased, rotten boll rate is reduced, and cotton wool quality is improved.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The Trichoderma viride used in the invention is Trichoderma viride powder (Microbioscience, inc., guangzhou), the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis powder (Microbioscience, inc., guangzhou), the Bacillus cereus is Bacillus cereus powder (Wuhan Xin Jiali Bioscience, inc., and the Rhizopus oryzae is Rhizopus oryzae powder (Shandong and Zhongkang Yuan Bioscience, inc.).
The slow release fertilizer used in the invention is purchased from Henan Qiao nong slow release fertilizer Co.
Example 1
(1) Soil treatment: 150g/m before sowing 2 The amount of the fertilizer is applied into soil, and the soil is ploughed deeply, wherein the depth is 40cm.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking 100kg of cotton straw crushed material and 20kg of chicken manure, adding 15kg of water, then adding 100g of trichoderma viride powder, 100g of bacillus subtilis powder, 100g of bacillus cereus powder and 300g of rhizopus oryzae powder, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 30 days at 30 ℃ to prepare the biological fertilizer.
(2) Sowing 3 robust seeds in 5-month middle ten days, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5cm, the row spacing is 76cm, and the plant spacing is 30cm.
(3) Pruning: in the early bud stage, when the fruit branches of the ground disc begin to bud, trimming cotton plants, removing all nutritive branches at the bottom, spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.003 percent after pruning, and spraying a proper amount of 15 kg/mu.
(4) Topping: topping when the plant height is 80cm, and spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.03 percent 3 days after topping, wherein the spraying amount is 20 kg/mu.
(5) Fertilizing: and (4) applying a slow release fertilizer at the application rate of 30 kg/mu when the cotton plants enter the initial flowering period.
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying avermectin, pyrethrin and imidacloprid for preventing and treating in the beginning of 6 middle of the month and ending 50 days after topping.
Example 2
(1) Soil treatment: 180g/m before sowing 2 The amount of the fertilizer is applied into the soil, and the soil is ploughed deeply, wherein the depth is 35cm.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking 100kg of cotton straw crushed material and 20kg of chicken manure, adding 15kg of water, then adding 100g of trichoderma viride powder, 100g of bacillus subtilis powder, 100g of bacillus cereus powder and 300g of rhizopus oryzae powder, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 30 days at 25 ℃ to prepare the biological fertilizer.
(2) Sowing 4 robust seeds in each hole in 5 middle-of-month ten days, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5cm, the row spacing is 76cm, and the planting distance is 20cm.
(3) Pruning: in the early bud stage, when 2 fruit branches exist, trimming cotton plants, removing all nutritive branches at the lower part, spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.003 percent after pruning, and spraying a proper amount of 20 kg/mu.
(4) Topping: topping when the plant height is 100cm, and spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.03 percent 4 days after topping, wherein the spraying amount is 30 kg/mu.
(5) Fertilizing: and (4) applying the slow release fertilizer at the application rate of 27 kg/mu when the cotton plants enter the initial flowering period.
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying avermectin, pyrethrin and imidacloprid for preventing and treating in the beginning of 6 middle of the month and ending 50 days after topping.
Example 3
(1) Soil treatment: before sowing, the soil surface is 200g/m 2 Is administered in an amount ofAnd (5) fertilizing, deeply ploughing and ploughing, wherein the depth is 40cm.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking 100kg of cotton straw crushed material and 20kg of chicken manure, adding 15kg of water, then adding 100g of trichoderma viride powder, 100g of bacillus subtilis powder, 100g of bacillus cereus powder and 300g of rhizopus oryzae powder, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 30 days at 28 ℃ to prepare the biological fertilizer.
(2) Sowing 4 robust seeds in 5-month middle ten days, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5cm, the row spacing is 76cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm.
(3) Pruning: in the early bud stage, when 2 fruit branches exist, trimming cotton plants, removing all nutritive branches at the bottom, spraying chlormequat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.003 percent after pruning, and spraying a proper amount of chlormequat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 18 kg/mu.
(4) Topping: topping when the plant height is 90cm, and spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.03 percent 3 days after topping, wherein the spraying amount is 25 kg/mu.
(5) Fertilizing: and (4) applying a slow release fertilizer at the application rate of 28 kg/mu when the cotton plants enter the initial flowering period.
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying avermectin, pyrethrin and imidacloprid for preventing and treating in the beginning of 6 middle of the month and ending 50 days after topping.
Comparative example 1
The same as example 1 except that only Trichoderma viride was inoculated to the biofertilizer in step (1), and the remaining steps were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1 except that in step (2), seeds were sown in a seedling raising substrate, grown into seedlings, and then transplanted into field soil, and the biofertilizer in step (1) was replaced with an equal amount of urea, and the remaining steps were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The same as example 1 except that in step (3), only the excess side shoots were removed and all the main vegetative shoots were retained, and the remaining steps were the same as example 1.
The cotton cultivation method is adopted in the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, and after the cultivation is finished, the number of bolls born by a single plant, the number of rotten bolls of the single plant, the single boll seeds, the yield per mu and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests are counted, wherein the incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests = the number of plants generating the plant diseases/the total number of the cotton plants multiplied by 100%, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, when the cotton is cultivated by the methods of examples 1 to 3, the number of bolls and the weight of each boll of each plant can be effectively increased, the rotten boll rate is reduced, the pest and disease damage condition is relatively light, and meanwhile, the yield is increased by about 40 kg/mu compared with that of comparative examples 1 to 3. The rhizopus oryzae can fully degrade organic matters in animal fertilizers and plant straws in the biological fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is easier to absorb by crops, and trichoderma, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus can improve the resistance of the crops and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, thereby reducing the rotting bell rate of cotton plants and ensuring the quality of cotton wool; pruning is carried out in the early bud period, all nutrient branches at the bottom are removed, nutrient consumption is saved, more nutrients are concentrated on the aspect of flowering and boll forming of main stems, the yield of the summer peaches is increased quickly and much, and the yield is improved. Meanwhile, all the nutrition branches at the bottom are removed, so that the ventilation and light transmittance of cotton plants are increased, the rotten boll rate is reduced, and the cotton wool quality is improved, thereby realizing the double promotion of the cotton quality and the cotton yield. Meanwhile, compared with transplanting delay of about 20 days, the direct seeding mode is adopted, the cotton growth progress is accelerated, the whole growth period is shortened by about 19 days, cotton centralized flowering and boll formation are facilitated, and the direct seeding cotton picking machine is more suitable for mechanical picking.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-yield cultivation method for high-quality cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Soil treatment: before sowing, applying biological fertilizer into soil, and deeply ploughing; the biological fertilizer is prepared by inoculating chicken manure and cotton straw with a composite strain and fermenting; the compound strain comprises Trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and Rhizopus oryzae.
(2) Sowing: sowing 3-4 robust seeds in ten days in the middle of 5 months;
(3) Pruning: in the bud initial stage, trimming cotton plants and removing all nutritive branches at the bottom;
(4) Topping: topping when the plant height is 80-100 cm, and carrying out chemical regulation 3-5 days after topping;
(5) Topdressing: the cotton plant enters the initial flowering phase, and slow-release compound fertilizer is applied;
(6) And (3) pest control: and performing pest control from the beginning of ten days in the middle 6 months to 50-60 days after topping.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the inoculation ratio of Trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and Rhizopus oryzae is 1.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the fermentation conditions are: fermenting for 30 days at 25-30 ℃.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the amount of the applied biofertilizer is 150 to 200g/m 2 。
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the sowing further comprises setting a row spacing of 76cm and a plant spacing of 20 to 30cm.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the early bud stage is 1 to 2 fruit branches.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), spraying a mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.003% to a proper amount of 15-20 kg/mu after pruning.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the chemical regulation comprises: spraying mepiquat chloride solution with the mass fraction of 0.03 percent, wherein the spraying amount is 20-30 kg/mu.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the topdressing amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 27-30 kg/mu.
10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step (6), the pest control includes spray control with a pesticide.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105794454A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-27 | 塔里木大学 | Scientific cotton planting method |
| CN106888780A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-27 | 聊城市农业科学研究院 | Summer live cultivation method for premature after a kind of short season cotton wheat |
| CN112250523A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-22 | 安徽肥地肥业有限责任公司 | Composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation process thereof |
| CN114467667A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-13 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method of machine-harvested cotton |
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- 2022-08-19 CN CN202210996497.1A patent/CN115152569A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105794454A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-27 | 塔里木大学 | Scientific cotton planting method |
| CN106888780A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-27 | 聊城市农业科学研究院 | Summer live cultivation method for premature after a kind of short season cotton wheat |
| CN112250523A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-22 | 安徽肥地肥业有限责任公司 | Composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation process thereof |
| CN114467667A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-13 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method of machine-harvested cotton |
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