CN110999660B

CN110999660B - Method for promoting fig bud differentiation and fruit formation

Info

Publication number: CN110999660B
Application number: CN201911296453.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪良驹; 李新媛; 马娜; 安玉艳
Original assignee: Nanjing Hejiachun Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Hejiachun Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-16
Filing date: 2019-12-16
Publication date: 2022-04-22
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-16
Also published as: CN110999660A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit formation of figs, which is characterized in that when fig plants germinate in spring, 5-15mg/L of exogenous gibberellin 4 solution is irrigated to the bases of the heavily-trimmed fig trees or sprayed to young sprout leaves, or 5-15mg/L of exogenous gibberellin 4 solution is irrigated to the roots of the plants or sprayed to the young sprout leaves before young sprouts of cutting seedlings grow rapidly, so that the lowest nodes of the growing fruits on new branches can be reduced, and the fruit formation is promoted. The method for promoting fig bud differentiation and fruit formation can be used for current-year-old cutting seedlings and perennial fig big trees.

Description

Method for promoting fig bud differentiation and fruit formation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fig planting, in particular to a method for promoting fig bud differentiation and fruit formation.

Background

The fig is an ancient subtropical and warm-temperate deciduous fruit tree, and is also a fruit tree which is easy to form flower buds and is extremely high in yield. Traditionally, in addition to the concentrated cultivation of figs in the atlas area of Xinjiang, various provinces and urban areas in the south of the Yangtze river of China are cultivated in pieces or sporadically. Because it is not cold-resistant, it is necessary to bury soil for cold protection when planting in the north. Under the conventional management condition, flower buds can be formed in all the other leaf axilla except for the leaf axilla of 3-5 leaves at the base part on the young tip (bearing branch) formed in the current year of the fig, and young fruits in each leaf axilla grow gradually along with the continuous growth of the branch, the young fruits begin to mature in the middle and late 8 months and continue to finish from the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months. The young fruits growing in the axils of the leaves at the top ends of the new shoots gradually stop growing due to the temperature reduction in autumn, and cannot become mature fruits and die on branches. Even so, fig is still a very high-yield fruit. Therefore, the flower formation of fig is not an important problem in production, and researches on flower bud differentiation of fig are not too common.

However, in recent years, fig planting in China has spread over more than twenty provinces. Some areas, which can be planted or can not be planted, are developing fig production. Therefore, the fig planted in the northern area needs to be buried in soil for cold protection. Otherwise, the overground branches are frozen and withered in winter. In order to bury soil and prevent cold, in production, a tree body is firstly heavily trimmed, namely fig branches are cut from the position close to the ground, then the surrounding soil is accumulated on the cut branches, and even a layer of heat preservation quilt is covered on the branches, so that the root system is protected from being damaged by low temperature in winter. In spring of the next year, the heat preservation quilt is manually uncovered, the covering soil is removed, and the branches are exposed on the ground. As the temperature rises, the fig young shoots will sprout from the cut fig stumps, and flower buds will begin to form between the axils of about the 5 th to 10 th leaves at the base of the young shoots. However, the flower bud differentiation is late, the fruit ripening starting stage is 1 more months later than that of the conventional pruning, and the yield is obviously reduced. How to promote the differentiation of fig buds and promote the fruits to develop and mature as soon as possible becomes the key of fig high-yield cultivation.

Besides the fact that the planting area of the figs in the north needs to be heavily pruned and buried in soil for cold protection, the technology of heavily pruning the figs in some areas in the south is also adopted. Although they do not need to be covered with heat-insulating covering, the shoots are also cut from the basal part, and thus, the new shoots in the next spring are also germinated from the cut basal part. The part where the fruit begins to appear is obviously higher than 3-5 nodes after the conventional pruning, and the fruit begins to ripen later than the middle of 8 months. Therefore, the harvest period of the fig is shortened, and the yield and the economic benefit are obviously reduced. Under these circumstances, promotion of flower bud differentiation and fruit growth is also a key to high-yield cultivation.

In addition, the main mode of fig propagation is hardwood cutting. Namely, in the autumn and winter of each year, the annual branches on the fig trees are cut off and put in wet sand for storage for overwintering. And (4) taking out the branches before and after the next clearing, cutting the branches into short branches of 20-30cm, and cutting the short branches on a seedbed. After about half a month, adventitious roots are formed at the base of the cuttings, and buds on the cuttings germinate to form branches. Even on this new shoot, fig can form flower buds between leaf axils. The fruit can not meet the production requirement in autumn and winter because the fruit can not mature when the node position of the flower bud is higher. If it is desired that these cuttings form mature fruits in the same year, measures are also taken to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit growth.

Regarding the flower bud differentiation of the figs,luituwein et al (northwest plant journal, 2007, 27:1399-₁₊₃IAA has higher content in the early stage of differentiation, then quickly decreases, and is stabilized at a lower level in the later stage; ZRs and ABA are low in content in the initial period, and then greatly improved, and are stabilized at a high level in the later period. Thus, it is considered that higher levels of endogenous ZRs, ABA and lower levels of endogenous GA₁₊₃IAA, and higher ABA/IAA, ABA/GA₁₊₃、ZRs/GA₁₊₃And ZRs/IAA ratio favours fig bud differentiation. However, no research report on the influence of exogenous plant hormones on flower bud differentiation of figs has been found.

Gibberellins (GAs) are an important type of growth-promoting endogenous plant hormones, and there are 132 different species for which structures have been established. However, only GA is present in terms of biological activity₁、GA₃、GA₄And GA₇These few GAs have obvious bioactivity, so that the GAs are mainly applied to agricultural production. Among these GAs, exogenous GA₃The use is the most, because the synthesis is easier, the market price is low, and the method is widely applied to the production of fruit trees (see Zhikun, 2018, practical technology and information of fruit trees, 12 th stage, 13-16). But GA₃Can not be used for promoting the flower bud differentiation of fruit trees, because the fruit trees can grow the branches too much and the formation of the flower buds is inhibited. In contrast, GA biosynthesis inhibitors such as PP₃₃₃(also known as paclobutrazol) B₉And the like are often used for controlling the growth of fruit trees, promoting the flower bud differentiation of apple, peach, grape and other fruit trees and improving the yield of the fruit trees. GA₄₊₇Also used for fruit tree production, and the main purpose is to promote the longitudinal diameter growth of red star apple and improve the fruit shape index (longitudinal and transverse diameter ratio) of the fruit. The effect of GA plant hormones on promoting the flower bud differentiation of fruit trees is not reported so far.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for treating fig plants with exogenous gibberellin 4 solution to promote fig bud differentiation and fruit formation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

when fig plants germinate in spring or before the new shoots of the fig cutting seedlings grow rapidly, the fig plants are treated by exogenous gibberellin 4 solution.

Furthermore, the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin 4 solution is 5-15 mg/L.

Further, the exogenous gibberellin 4 solution is irrigated to the roots of fig plants or sprayed to young shoot leaves.

Furthermore, the irrigation device used for irrigation operation comprises a cylindrical liquid storage bin, a hollow channel is arranged at the center of the liquid storage bin and is used for plant trunks to pass through, and a plurality of drainage tubes are communicated below the liquid storage bin;

the drainage tube comprises an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube is fixedly connected with the liquid storage bin, the outer tube is sleeved outside the inner tube in a sliding mode through a sliding component, the bottoms of the inner tube and the outer tube are both of conical structures, the conical end of the inner tube is in an open design, the conical end of the outer tube is in a closed design, and the wall of the outer tube is provided with a plurality of water outlets;

the top of the outer pipe is provided with a pressing handle, and the pressing handles of the outer pipes are connected to form a whole.

Furthermore, the sliding component comprises a sliding groove arranged on the outer side wall of the inner pipe, a spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding groove, a sliding block is arranged at the top of the spring, and the sliding block is fixedly connected with the end part of the pressing handle.

Furthermore, a filter screen is arranged at a water outlet in the outer pipe.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the exogenous gibberellin 4 solution is used for treating the fig plants, so that the fig bud differentiation and fruit formation can be promoted, and the phenomena that the nodes of young fruits on branches are lowest, the fruits grow early and the maturity is high are shown.

2. The method for promoting fig bud differentiation and fruit formation can be used for current-year-old cutting seedlings and perennial fig big trees.

3. The irrigation device used in the invention can uniformly irrigate the roots of the plants according to the surrounding circle of the plants, so that all parts of the roots of the plants can simultaneously and uniformly achieve the purpose of irrigation, the uniformity of gibberellin distribution in the plants is promoted, all parts of the plants can simultaneously achieve flower bud differentiation, and waste caused by the loss of medicines on the ground surface is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an irrigation device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the junction between the liquid storage tank and the drainage tube of the irrigation device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a drainage tube of the irrigation device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sliding member structure of the irrigation device of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the area A in FIG. 4 according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows 5mg/L and 10mg/LGA in the first embodiment of the present invention₄After the fig cutting seedlings are irrigated to the roots of the fig cutting seedlings, the growth conditions of the fig cutting seedlings are compared with the growth conditions of the fig cutting seedlings of the blank control group without any treatment;

FIG. 7 shows 20mg/L and 30mg/LGA in the first embodiment of the present invention₄After the fig cutting seedlings are irrigated to the roots of the fig cutting seedlings, the growth conditions of the fig cutting seedlings are compared with the growth conditions of the fig cutting seedlings of the blank control group without any treatment;

FIG. 8 shows GA concentration in example two of the present invention₄After watering the base of the fig tree which is heavily trimmed, the fig seedling with the lowest fruiting part is compared with a map;

FIG. 9 shows GA concentrations in example two of the present invention₄Fig fruit size comparison graph after watering the base of heavily pruned fig.

The device comprises a liquid storage bin 1, a channel 2, a drainage tube 3, an inner tube 31, an outer tube 32, a water outlet 33, a pressing handle 34, a chute 4, a spring 5, a sliding block 6 and a filter screen 7.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

The first embodiment is as follows:

this example was carried out in 2018 in the seedling raising base of fig of saint king in tauroucun, new north area, changzhou. The cuttings for fig cutting are taken from annual branches left after winter pruning. Cutting into 50cm long bundle of 50 pieces, tying with plastic rope, and burying in wet sand for wintering. Taking out at the beginning of 4 months, and cutting into cutting slips with the length of 20-30 cm. The morphological basal end was dipped in a 1000mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution for 5 seconds to induce adventitious root formation, and then inserted into a sandy soil bed prepared in advance at a density of 30X 40cm and thoroughly watered. After 20 days, most cuttings gradually spread leaves. After 30 days, if the leaves still remain viable, the cuttings are basically alive. However, the root system of the cutting seedling is very little in the early stage, so that the branch grows very slowly in the first two months. And the cutting seedlings grow to 20cm till the beginning of 7 months.

7, 11 days in 7 months, selecting proper cutting seedlings in the land, irrigating 1L of GA with different concentrations, such as 0, 5, 10, 20, 30mg/L and the like, at the rhizosphere of each plant₄Solution, 5 plants are a cell; each treatment was repeated 3 times and was randomized.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-5, the irrigation device used for irrigation operation comprises a cylindrical liquid storage bin 1, a hollow channel 2 is arranged at the center of the liquid storage bin 1 for the trunk of fig to pass through, and a plurality of drainage tubes 3 are communicated below the liquid storage bin 1;

the drainage tube 3 comprises an inner tube 31 and an outer tube 32, the inner tube 31 and the liquid storage bin 1 are integrally formed, a sliding component of the outer tube 32 is sleeved outside the inner tube 31 in a sliding mode, the bottoms of the inner tube 31 and the outer tube 32 are both of a conical structure, the conical end of the inner tube 31 is in an open design, the conical end of the outer tube 32 is in a closed design, and the wall of the outer tube 32 is provided with a plurality of water outlets 33;

further, two radial sliding grooves 4 are arranged on the outer side wall of the inner pipe 31, a hook (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of each sliding groove 4, a spring 5 is sleeved on each hook, a sliding block 6 is arranged on the top of each spring 5, and preferably, each sliding block 6 is a ball;

furthermore, two pressing handles 34 are protruded outwards from the top of each outer tube 32, each pressing handle 34 is correspondingly connected with one sliding block 6, and a plurality of corresponding pressing handles 34 of the outer tubes 32 are connected to form a whole.

Further, when the spring 5 is in a balanced state, the sliding block 6 at the top of the spring 5 and the corresponding pressing handle 34 are just located at the top of the sliding chute 4, when an operator presses the pressing handle 34 downwards, the spring 5 is compressed, the outer tube 32 moves downwards along with the downward movement, the pressing handle 34 is released, the sliding block 6 is pushed back to the top of the sliding chute 4 under the elastic force of the spring 5, the outer tube 32 also returns to the top, and when the outer tube 32 is located at the top, the tapered end of the outer tube 32 is attached to the tapered end of the inner tube 31.

Further, a filter screen 7 is arranged at each water outlet 33 in the outer pipe 32.

Furthermore, when the irrigation device of the present invention is actually used, the GA is firstly used₄The solution is filled into the reservoir 1, and at this time, the inner tube 31 is also filled with GA₄A solution; the trunk of fig is penetrated out from the channel 2, the plurality of drainage tubes 3 are positioned around the root of fig, the handle 34 is pressed down, the outer tube 32 is inserted underground, and the GA is arranged₄The solution flows out from the opening at the bottom of the inner tube 31 and is in the space between the inner tube 31 and the outer tube 32 when GA is applied₄GA when the solution level reaches the level of the water outlet 33₄The solution flows out of the water outlet and permeates into the soil layer around the roots of the fig, and the filter screen 7 can enable GA₄The solution passes through while preventing soil and other larger impurities from entering the outer tube 32; after the irrigation is completed, the pressing handle 34 is released, the outer tube 32 is pushed back to the original position by the elastic force of the spring 5, and the outer tube 32 further pushes the GA between the inner tube 31 and the outer tube 32 during the pushing back process₄The solution is squeezed out of the outlet 33.

The lowest fruiting part of fig seedlings under different treatment conditions and other morphological and biological properties are investigated on 9-month and 12-day survey, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 different concentrations of GA₄Influence of treatment on minimum fruit node position and fruit growth of fig cutting seedling

Note: the same lower case representation in the same column did not differ significantly at the P0.05 level.

As can be seen from Table 1, 5 and 10mg/L GA₄The lowest fruit node of the treated fig cutting seedlings is obviously reduced, and the GA concentration is 20-30mg/L₄The lowest fruit node of the treated fig cutting seedlings is obviously improved, which indicates that the low-concentration GA is₄Promoting flower bud differentiation of fructus fici, and high concentration GA₄Inhibits the flower bud differentiation of the figs. From the single fruit number, 5 and 10mg/L GA₄The number of the single-branch fruits of the fig cutting seedlings treated is slightly higher than that of the control, but the single-branch fruits do not reach the statistical significance level, but the GA content is 20mg/L and 30mg/L₄The number of the single-branch fruits of the treated fig cutting seedlings is obviously lower than that of the control, which indicates that the low-concentration GA is₄The fruit quantity on the branches of the figs cannot be obviously changed by treating the cutting seedlings of the figs, and the high-concentration GA₄Treatment reduces the number of fruits. From the lowest node single fruit weight and transverse diameter, 10mg/L GA₄The treated Ficus carica fruits were significantly better than controls, with 20 and 30mg/L GA₄The treated fig plants were significantly lower than the control, indicating the appropriate concentration of GA₄Treatment significantly promoted fig fruit growth with high GA concentration₄The treatment retards the fruit growth.

Further, for different concentrations of exogenous GA₄The growth conditions of the treated fig cutting seedlings in the same period in the actual growth process are shown in the attached figures 6 and 7, and as can be seen from the attached figure 6, 5mg/L GA and 10mg/L GA₄The lowest fruit node of the treated fig cutting seedlings is obviously reduced compared with the control group, and the plant height is also obviously increased, which indicates that GA of 5 and 10mg/L₄The flower bud differentiation of the fig cutting seedlings is promoted; as can be seen in FIG. 7, 20 and 30mg/L GA₄The lowest fruit node of the treated fig cutting seedling is relatively higher than that of the control group, and the height of the plant is lower than that of the control group, which shows 20 and 30mg/L of GA₄The flower bud differentiation of the fig cutting seedlings is inhibited, and the experimental data can also completely correspond to the experimental data.

In summary, 10mg/L GA₄The treatment can lead the flower bud differentiation of the fig cutting seedling to be 2.87 node positions ahead of time, the weight of the single fruit at the lowest node position is increased by 22 percent, the transverse diameter is increased by 9 percent, but the number of the fruits on the single branch is not obviously influenced. Therefore, GA₄The treatment promotes the early differentiation of fig buds and promotes the growth of fruits, but has no obvious influence on the number of fruits on a single branch.

Example two:

5, 2 months in 2019, a new northern region, Changzhou, Niumangcun saint king fig production garden. The fig plant is a fig plant of the variety 'Blancelix', the fig plant is 4 years old and is heavily pruned in winter, and only a short pile of 10-20cm is left at the base of the crown. During treatment, the fixed bud or the adventitious bud at the base of the fig branch just germinates. The preparation is GA₃And GA₄Different concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/L were used for each agent. 5 plants are a cell, 2.5 kg of liquid medicine is irrigated in the rhizosphere of a single plant, and the plants are repeatedly arranged at random for 3 times. The 9-month and 10-day survey investigated the lowest fruit node and number of fruits per shoot under different treatment conditions, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Further, the irrigation operation is performed using the same irrigation device as in the first embodiment.

TABLE 2 different concentrations of GA₃And GA₄Influence of treatment on minimum fruit node and fruit quantity of branches of Ficus carica heavily pruned tree body

As can be seen from Table 2, 5-20mg/L GA₃The treatment of the heavily pruned base of the fig tree improves the lowest fruit node position of the fig branch, reduces the fruit number on a single branch, and shows that GA₃The treatment inhibits the flower bud differentiation of the figs and reduces the fruit yield.

In contrast, 10-15mg/L GA₄Treating the heavily pruned fig tree base significantly reduces the lowest fruit node on the fig branches and increases the number of fruits on a single branch, as shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9. As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, 5mg/L GA₄The treatment can also reduce the lowest node position of fig branches and improve the fruit quantity on a single branch, and only the lowest node position and the untreated fig branches do not reach a significant difference level. And 20mg/L GA₄The treatment obviously improves the lowest fruit node position on the fig branches and reduces the fruit quantity on a single branch. This effect is associated with GA₃The treated fig shoots were similar in effect, indicating that there was only a certain concentration of GA₄The treatment can promote the flower bud differentiation on the new shoots of the fig, and the GA with too high concentration₄And various concentrations of GA₃Inhibit the flower bud differentiation of the new shoots of figs.

Example three:

5, 10 months and 2019, and in Putouu area of Nanjing. The fig plant is a fig plant of the variety 'Blancelix', the fig plant is 4 years old and is heavily pruned in winter, and only a short pile of 10-20cm is left at the base of the crown. During treatment, the fixed bud or the adventitious bud at the base of the fig branch just germinates. The agent is GA₄Different concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/L were used. 5 plants are taken as a cell, and GA with different concentrations is sprayed on the leaf surfaces₄The solution (0.01% tween 20 was added as a spreading agent) until the leaves had a drop running down, 3 replicates, randomly arranged. The minimum fruit node and the number of fruits on a single branch under different treatment conditions were investigated in 10 days at 8 months, and the results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 foliar spray of GA at different concentrations₄Influence of the solution on minimum fruit node and fruit number of branches of heavy-pruned fig tree

Note: the same parity in the same column indicates no significant difference at the P0.05 level.

From Table 3, it can be seenSpraying 10-15mg/L GA on leaf surface₄The solution remarkably reduces the lowest fruit node position of the fig young shoot base, improves the fruit quantity on each branch, and promotes the fruit at the lowest node position to increase. 5mg/L GA₄The treatment can also reduce the lowest node position of fig branches, increase the fruit quantity and fruit size on a single branch, and only the lowest node position and fruit quantity have no significant difference (P) with the control>0.05), and 20mg/L GA₄The treatment obviously improves the lowest fruit node position on the fig branches and reduces the fruit number (P) on a single branch<0.05)。

Example four:

to understand the GA biosynthesis inhibitor PP₃₃₃Influence on flower bud differentiation of fig, whether the fig can promote flower bud differentiation and improve yield like other fruit trees is determined, 4-year-old 'Blancelix' fig is used as a material in a Meirun agricultural ecological garden in Puzuo of Nanjing city in 2019, 5 months and 10 days, and PP with different concentrations is sprayed on leaf surfaces₃₃₃Solution (containing 0.01% tween 20 as a spreading agent) until the leaves have a drop down. 5 plants were a cell, 3 replicates, and randomly arranged. The other management is normal. 8, 10, investigating the influence of different treatments on fig young shoot growth, lowest fruit node position, fruit quantity and the like. The results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 PP in various concentrations₃₃₃Influence on flower bud differentiation node number and fruit size of fructus fici

Note: the same letter in the same column in the table indicates that the difference was not significant at the p-0.05 level.

The results in Table 4 show that 25-100mg/LPP₃₃₃The treatment can remarkably inhibit the growth of new shoots of the figs, and the higher the concentration is, the heavier the inhibition degree is. Wherein the content is 25-50mg/LPP₃₃₃The young shoots of the treated plants are only about half of the control length, and 75-100mg/L PP₃₃₃The treated plants had shoot lengths of only controls 1/4 to 1/3. From Table 4, PP₃₃₃The treatment obviously reduces the lowest knot of the figThe fruit part, but also the number of fruits on branches is obviously reduced, which shows that the fig flower bud differentiation promoting effect is realized. But the fig yield is obviously reduced because the growth of new shoots is inhibited and the continuous formation of fruits at the later stage is prevented. In particular 75-100mg/LPP₃₃₃The treatment also obviously reduces the weight of a single fruit and the transverse diameter of the fruit, which indicates that the fruit is also subjected to PP for growth and development₃₃₃And (4) inhibiting. Even 50mg/LPP₃₃₃The lowest fruit node of the treated fruit is reduced, the weight of a single fruit is increased, but the yield is seriously influenced because the fruit number of the whole branch is only 55 percent of that of the control fruit, so that the PP₃₃₃The technical measures for promoting the flower bud differentiation of the fruit trees are not suitable for the production of the figs.

In conclusion, "5-15 mg/L GA" proposed in the present invention₄The solution promotes the flower bud differentiation and fruit formation of the fig, which is a brand new technology suitable for fig production.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A method for promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit formation of figs is characterized by comprising the following steps: when fig plants germinate in spring or before the new shoots of the fig cutting seedlings grow rapidly, the fig plants are treated by exogenous gibberellin 4 solution; the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin 4 solution is 5-15 mg/L; irrigating the exogenous gibberellin 4 solution to the roots of the fig plants;

the irrigation device used for irrigation operation comprises a cylindrical liquid storage bin (1), a hollow channel (2) is arranged at the center of the liquid storage bin (1) and is used for plant trunks to pass through, and a plurality of drainage tubes (3) are communicated below the liquid storage bin (1);

the drainage tube (3) comprises an inner tube (31) and an outer tube (32), the inner tube (31) is fixedly connected with the liquid storage bin (1), the outer tube (32) is sleeved outside the inner tube (31) in a sliding mode through a sliding component, the bottoms of the inner tube (31) and the outer tube (32) are both of a conical structure, the conical end portion of the inner tube (31) is in an open design, the conical end portion of the outer tube (32) is in a closed design, and a plurality of water outlets (33) are formed in the wall of the outer tube (32);

the top of the outer pipe (32) is provided with a pressing handle (34), and the pressing handles (34) of the outer pipe (32) are connected to form a whole;

the sliding component comprises a sliding groove (4) arranged on the outer side wall of the inner pipe (31), the bottom of the sliding groove (4) is fixedly connected with a spring (5), the top of the spring (5) is provided with a sliding block (6), and the sliding block (6) is fixedly connected with the end part of the pressing handle (34);

a filter screen (7) is arranged at the water outlet (33) in the outer pipe (32).