CN110981606A

CN110981606A - Biological fumigation synergist and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110981606A
Application number: CN201911061573.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张博; 张悦丽; 祁凯; 马立国; 齐军山; 李长松
Original assignee: Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-11-01
Filing date: 2019-11-01
Publication date: 2020-04-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a biological fumigation synergist and a preparation method and application thereof. The method adopts the fermented manure and biogas residues as the biological fumigation synergist, not only can promote the rapid decomposition of plant materials, but also can improve the control effect of soil-borne diseases and can improve the yield and quality of crops.

Description

Biological fumigation synergist and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to a biological fumigation synergist and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the disclosure and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

The soil is a very complex ecological environment, which contains abundant microbial resources, including pathogenic microorganisms and beneficial microorganisms, and the microorganisms depend, compete and restrict each other through antagonism, competition, parasitism and the like. Under specific environmental conditions, the beneficial microorganisms can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby reducing the risk of disease occurrence. Common methods for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases at present comprise physical disinfection, chemical fumigation, biological fumigation and the like. Biological fumigation has the advantages of no pollution, environmental friendliness, low harm, obvious effect and the like, and is increasingly paid more attention to by people. However, most of the research aiming at biological fumigation is to find and breed plant materials with high content of thioglucosate (GSLs), and the research team of the inventor considers that the plant materials with high content of GSLs do not necessarily have ideal biological fumigation effect.

Disclosure of Invention

Against the background art, the disclosure provides a biological fumigation synergist and a preparation method and application thereof, the biological fumigation synergist can promote decay and decomposition of plant materials, can also remarkably promote fumigation effects of the plant materials, and has obvious synergism.

Specifically, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:

in a first aspect of the disclosure, an application of a fermented fecal biogas residue in preparation of a biological fumigation synergist is provided.

In a second aspect of the disclosure, a biological fumigation synergist is provided, the active ingredient of which comprises a fecal biogas residue ferment.

In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing a biological fumigant synergist, the method comprising the steps of:

adding an inoculant into the excrement biogas residues, performing natural fermentation for 6-24 hours at room temperature, and preparing an excrement biogas residue fermented substance which is the biological fumigation synergist after the natural fermentation is finished.

In a fourth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a biological fumigant, the active ingredients of which include the biological fumigant synergist and plant material.

Compared with the related technology known by the inventor, one technical scheme of the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the method adopts the fermented manure and biogas residues as the biological fumigation synergist, not only can promote the rapid decomposition of plant materials, but also can improve the control effect of soil-borne diseases and can improve the yield and quality of crops.

(2) The method adopts the excrement biogas residue fermentation product as the biological fumigation synergist and is used in combination with the plant material, and the usage amount of the plant material can be reduced to one third to one half of that of the plant material used independently.

(3) The biological fumigation synergist disclosed by the invention is low in cost, wide in source and suitable for large-scale production and application.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The inventor researches the prevention and control technology of biological fumigation on plant soil-borne diseases for a long time, and based on the research conclusion of the predecessors, soil disinfection can kill or inhibit harmful and beneficial microorganisms together, so that the application of fertilizer rich in beneficial microorganisms is generally carried out after soil disinfection. The inventor group breaks through the conventional cognition, and through a large amount of exploration and experimental research, the fermented excrement biogas residue rich in beneficial microorganisms and plant materials are mixed together to form a biological fumigant for disinfecting soil, so that the fumigation effect is obvious, and the use amount of the plant materials can be obviously reduced; after rotary tillage, the biogas residue fermentation product is mixed with soil, fumigated plant materials and water, and the formed soil weak acid environmental condition is more favorable for the exertion of myrosinase, so that the capability of hydrolyzing thioglucosate is improved, and the biological fumigation effect is further improved. And a large number of comparative tests show that the plant growth vigor of the biological fumigant prepared by the method is much better than that of the plant fumigated by the traditional organisms, the resistance is greatly enhanced, and the crop yield and quality are improved.

Accordingly, in a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a fecal biogas residue ferment for preparing a biological fumigant synergist. Experiments prove that the prevention and control effect of biological fumigation is obviously improved by adding the excrement biogas residue leavening into the plant material.

In a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a biological fumigation synergist is provided, the active ingredient of which comprises fecal biogas residue ferment.

In a third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing a biological fumigant synergist, the method comprising the steps of:

In the present disclosure, the fecal biogas residue is biogas residue obtained by anaerobic fermentation of feces and then preparing biogas, and can be provided by a company producing biogas. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for preparing fecal biogas residue, the method comprising the steps of: mixing the excrement and the crushed straws, inoculating the sewage sludge and/or the wastewater sludge and/or the sediments at the bottom of the manure pit, and performing anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for more than 24 hours. Wherein the mass ratio of the excrement to the straws is (4-6): 1. after the mixture consisting of the excrement and the straws with the proportion is fermented, the anaerobic fermentation efficiency is high.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the inoculant is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces jingensis Tao et al, and Aspergillus oryzae Cohn, all of which are commercially available. In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacillus subtilis is numbered ACCC 10719, the bacillus licheniformis is numbered ACCC 10236, the streptomyces jingyangensis is numbered ACCC 40126, and the aspergillus oryzae is numbered ATCC 56747.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the inoculum size of the inoculant is 2-5% (2-5 mL of bacteria liquid is inoculated per 100g of fecal biogas residues), and 1mL of bacteria liquid contains the following strains: the number of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the streptomyces jingyangensis and the aspergillus oryzae is (2-4) multiplied by 10 respectively¹⁰cfu、(2～4)×10¹⁰cfu、(1～2)×10¹⁰cfu、(1～2)×10¹⁰cfu。

The inventor screens and optimizes the variety and quantity of the natural fermentation inoculant according to the fermentation performance and the biological fumigation effect, and finally selects bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces jingyangensis and aspergillus oryzae. The four strains have no antagonism, good compatibility and good adaptability in the fecal biogas residues, and can quickly decompose organic residues which are difficult to decompose in the biogas residues, such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and lignin, protein and polysaccharide substances, into humic acid substances through decomposition and conversion of microorganisms.

In a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a biological fumigant is provided, the active ingredients of which include the biological fumigant synergist and a plant material.

In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the mass ratio of the biological fumigation synergist to the plant material is (1-2): (2-4).

Further, the plant material is two or more cruciferous and/or Umbelliferae plants, including but not limited to Brassica, Raphanus, Sesamum, etc.; the Brassica plants include but are not limited to Chinese cabbage, mustard, turnip and other plants; the genus Raphanus includes, but is not limited to, Raphanus sativus; the sesames include, but are not limited to, sesames and the like; the Umbelliferae plants include, but are not limited to, celery, carrot and the like. The cruciferous plants and the umbelliferae plants are selected as the biological fumigation material because the inventor finds that the effect of preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases is more excellent than that of other types in long-term practice and research, and the cost is low, so that the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Moreover, tests prove that the plant material and the biological fumigation synergist are compounded together, so that the biological fumigation effect is more obvious.

The effects of preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases after different plant tissues are decomposed are different, the crucifer is radish such as white radish, the Umbelliferae is celery such as celery, and the soil-borne diseases are controlled by the combined fumigation of the two plants, so that the effect of controlling the soil-borne diseases is very good, and the soil-borne diseases are obviously better than that of other single plants or other composite plant materials.

Further, the cruciferous plants: the mass ratio of the Umbelliferae plants is (1-2): (1-2).

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the applied amount of the biological fumigant is 2 to 4kg/m²。

The bio-fumigant capable of the present disclosure is capable of controlling a variety of soil-borne diseases, including but not limited to f.graminearum (fusarium graminearum), b.sorokiniana (helminthosporium), Pythium spinosum (Pythium spinosum), Pythium mycriotylum (Pythium nodosum), Pythium ultimum (Pythium ultimum), and the like.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present disclosure more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

A preparation method of a biological fumigation synergist comprises the following steps:

(1) drying wheat straws in the air, and crushing the wheat straws to be less than 5 mm; uniformly mixing pig manure and crushed wheat straw according to the mass ratio of 6:1 to form a fermentation raw material;

(2) preparation of inoculum: taking the mass ratio of 1:1, uniformly mixing the sewage sludge of the sewer and the sediments at the bottom of the pig manure pit, performing self-acclimation at room temperature, and performing stack retting for about 2 months to prepare an inoculum;

(3) inoculating 25% of fermentation raw material (namely the mass of the inoculum is 25% of the mass of the fermentation raw material), sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 20 d; preparing biogas in the fermentation process, obtaining a solid-liquid mixture after the anaerobic fermentation is finished, and separating the solid from the liquid to respectively obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;

(4) adding an inoculant into the biogas residues, uniformly mixing, performing natural fermentation, properly stirring the materials during fermentation to ensure that the materials are ventilated, wherein the inoculum size of the mixed inoculant is 2% (inoculating 2mL of bacteria liquid per 100g of biogas residues), and the bacteria liquid of 1mL contains the following strains: the amounts of Bacillus subtilis ACCC 10719, Bacillus licheniformis ACCC 10236, Streptomyces jingyangensis ACCC 40126 and Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 56747 are respectively 2 × 10¹⁰cfu、2×10¹⁰cfu、1×10¹⁰cfu、1×10¹⁰cfu; and (3) performing natural fermentation for 12 hours at room temperature, and preparing the fermented product of the excrement and biogas residues, namely the biological fumigation synergist after the natural fermentation is finished.

Example 2

(1) airing the corn straws, and crushing the corn straws to be less than 5 mm; uniformly mixing pig manure and crushed wheat straw according to a mass ratio of 5:1 to form a fermentation raw material;

(2) preparation of inoculum: uniformly mixing the sewage sludge and the sediment at the bottom of the pig manure pit in a mass ratio of 1:1, performing self-acclimation at room temperature, and performing stack retting for about 2 months to prepare an inoculum;

(3) inoculating 20% of fermentation raw material (namely the mass of the inoculum is 20% of the mass of the fermentation raw material), sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 25d at room temperature; preparing biogas in the fermentation process, obtaining a solid-liquid mixture after the anaerobic fermentation is finished, and separating the solid from the liquid to respectively obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;

(4) adding an inoculant into the biogas residues, uniformly mixing, performing natural fermentation, properly stirring the materials during fermentation to ensure that the materials are ventilated, wherein the inoculum size of the mixed inoculant is 3% (3 mL of bacteria liquid is inoculated per 100g of biogas residues), and 1mL of bacteria liquid contains the following strains: the amounts of Bacillus subtilis ACCC 10719, Bacillus licheniformis ACCC 10236, Streptomyces jingyangensis ACCC 40126 and Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 56747 are respectively 2 × 10¹⁰cfu、2×10¹⁰cfu、1×10¹⁰cfu、1×10¹⁰cfu; and (3) performing natural fermentation for 16h at room temperature, and preparing the fermented product of the excrement and biogas residues, namely the biological fumigation synergist after the natural fermentation is finished.

Example 3

(1) drying wheat straws in the air, and crushing the wheat straws to be less than 5 mm; uniformly mixing pig manure and crushed wheat straw according to a mass ratio of 4:1 to form a fermentation raw material;

(2) preparation of inoculum: taking the mass ratio of 2:1, uniformly mixing the sewage sludge of the sewer and the sediments at the bottom of the pig manure pit, performing self-acclimation at room temperature, and performing stack retting for about 2 months to prepare an inoculum;

(4) adding an inoculant into the biogas residues, uniformly mixing, performing natural fermentation, properly stirring the materials during fermentation to ensure that the materials are ventilated, wherein the inoculum size of the mixed inoculant is 4% (4 mL of bacteria liquid is inoculated per 100g of biogas residues), and 1mL of bacteria liquid contains the following strains: the amounts of Bacillus subtilis ACCC 10719, Bacillus licheniformis ACCC 10236, Streptomyces jingyangensis ACCC 40126 and Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 56747 are respectively 2 × 10¹⁰cfu、2×10¹⁰cfu、1×10¹⁰cfu、1×10¹⁰cfu; and (3) performing natural fermentation for 6 hours at room temperature, and preparing the fermented product of the excrement and biogas residues, namely the biological fumigation synergist after the natural fermentation is finished.

Example 4

A biological fumigant consists of the biological fumigation synergist prepared in the embodiment 1 and plant materials, wherein the mass ratio of the biological fumigation synergist to the plant materials is 1:2, and the plant materials are prepared by mixing fresh celery and fresh white radishes according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.

Example 5

A biological fumigant consists of the biological fumigation synergist prepared in the embodiment 2 and plant materials, wherein the mass ratio of the biological fumigation synergist to the plant materials is 1:3, and the plant materials are prepared by mixing fresh celery and fresh white radishes according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.

Example 6

A biological fumigant consists of the biological fumigation synergist prepared in the embodiment 3 and plant materials, wherein the mass ratio of the biological fumigation synergist to the plant materials is 1:4, and the plant materials are prepared by mixing fresh celery and fresh white radishes according to the mass ratio of 2: 1.

And (3) field control test:

in a Shandong province Linyi Junan strawberry growing area, a land parcel of 5 years is selected for continuous cropping, and the occurrence of blight, verticillium wilt and root rot is relatively serious.

Three greenhouses with similar disease conditions are selected as a test base, a treatment area and a blank comparison area are respectively arranged in the three greenhouses, and the size of a ridge arranged in the greenhouse is 2 multiplied by 6 m.

The test method comprises the following steps:

processing one:

crushing fresh white radish and celery according to the mass ratio of 1:1 into blocks, uniformly mixing, and sterilizing;

the biological fumigant of example 4 was mixed into topsoil at an application rate of 2.5kg/m²After watering enough water, covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature in the mulching film is about 30 ℃;

after 15d, uncovering the film, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil, and fully ventilating and dehumidifying; then, the strawberries are planted.

And (5) processing:

crushing white radish and celery according to the mass ratio of 1:1 into blocks, uniformly mixing, and sterilizing;

mixing the plant material into the topsoil, the application rate of the mixture is 3kg/m²After watering enough water, covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature in the mulching film is about 30 ℃;

Blank control:

directly carrying out rotary tillage on a blank control field, watering the blank control field with enough water, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature in the mulching film is about 30 ℃;

Transplanting strawberry seedlings in 12 months in 2014, and planting with narrow ridges and wide ridges in double rows at a planting density of 14 plants/m²The strawberry seedlings are cultivated according to a conventional cultivation method, strawberry plants with blight and verticillium wilt are investigated in the flowering period (3 months in 2015) and the fruit setting period (4 months in 2015) of a test field, a control field and a blank control field respectively, the root rot disease conditions of 50 strawberry plants are investigated randomly, and the disease rate is calculated. The test results are shown in Table 1.

The strawberries were harvested in portions and weighed, and the early yield (within 5 months of 2015) and total yield (within the first 5 months of 2015 to the end of the harvest) were counted. The results are shown in Table 2.

Instruments such as the instruments used above are disinfected, so that infection caused by pathogenic microorganisms is avoided.

TABLE 1 controlling effect of different treated soils on strawberry disease

From table 1, it can be seen that the strawberry diseases in the control field all occur to different degrees, wherein the root rot is relatively serious, the biological fumigation material disclosed in the first treatment is used for fumigation, the effect is significant, the composite plant material with high dosage is used for biological fumigation in the second treatment, the biological fumigation material has a good fumigation effect, but compared with the first treatment, the prevention effect is relatively low and the duration is short, and the result shows that the biological fumigation material disclosed in the first treatment has the effect of effectively inhibiting the occurrence and spread of the diseases when being fumigated.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on strawberry yield

Treatment of	Early stage yield (g/m)²)	Late stage yield (g/m)²)	Total yield (g/m)²)
				Process one	2100.2	1127.6	3227.8
Treatment two	1904.1	996.5	2900.6
				Blank control	1847.8	965.3	2813.1

From table 2, the early yield, the late yield and the total yield of the first-stage strawberry processed are all obviously higher than those of the second-stage strawberry processed and blank control processed, which shows that the yield of the strawberries can be obviously improved due to the existence of the biogas residue leavening, so that the biological effect of plant materials can be promoted based on the biogas residue leavening, and the growth and development of the strawberries are promoted due to the abundant nutrient substances of the biogas residue leavening.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An application of fermented product of feces and biogas residue in preparing biological fumigation synergist is provided.

2. A biological fumigation synergist is characterized in that the active component of the synergist comprises fermented excrement biogas residues.

3. A preparation method of a biological fumigation synergist is characterized by comprising the following steps:

4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: mixing the excrement and the crushed straws, inoculating sewer sludge or wastewater sludge or sediments at the bottom of an excrement pit, and performing anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for more than 24 hours;

wherein the mass ratio of the excrement to the straws is (4-6): 1.

5. the process according to claim 3, wherein the inoculant is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces jingyanniensis Tao et al, and Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the inoculum of the inoculant is 2-5%, and 1mL of the inoculant comprises the following strains: the number of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the streptomyces jingyangensis and the aspergillus oryzae is (2-4) multiplied by 10 respectively¹⁰cfu、(2～4)×10¹⁰cfu、(1～2)×10¹⁰cfu、(1～2)×10¹⁰cfu。

7. The biological fumigant is characterized in that the active ingredients of the fumigant comprise the biological fumigation synergist and plant materials.

8. The biological fumigant as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the biological fumigation synergist to the plant material is (1-2): (2-4).

9. The biological fumigant of claim 7 wherein the cruciferous plants include brassica, raphanus, sesamum; the Brassica plant comprises Chinese cabbage, caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae, caulis et folium Brassicae Junceae, and radix Brassicae Rapae; the Raphanus species includes Raphanus sativus; the herba Sesami comprises herba Sesami; the plant of Umbelliferae family includes herba Apii Graveolentis and radix Dauci Sativae;

10. The biological fumigant as claimed in claim 9, wherein the cruciferous plant is radish and the Umbelliferae plant is celery.