CN110959486B - Rice planting method - Google Patents
Rice planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110959486B CN110959486B CN201911131475.3A CN201911131475A CN110959486B CN 110959486 B CN110959486 B CN 110959486B CN 201911131475 A CN201911131475 A CN 201911131475A CN 110959486 B CN110959486 B CN 110959486B
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- topdressing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/03—Algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, pre-treatment of planting: airing the rice seeds before sowing, then soaking the rice seeds in clear water for 2-4 h, then soaking in an aqueous solution containing a seed soaking agent for 1-2 h, and then growing seedlings; applying organic fertilizer to the planting field before transplanting; s2, management in the planting process: after deep ploughing, exposing the land for 5-10 days, deep ploughing again and applying a base fertilizer at the same time, after transplanting, topdressing for 1-2 times at the tillering peak period and topdressing for 1-2 times at the main spike inoculation period; in addition, water management, pest management and weeding management are performed before transplanting the rice seedlings to harvest. By the planting method provided by the scheme of the invention, the yield can be increased, and the soil fertility can be improved, so that the yield is more stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a rice planting method.
Background
Rice is the staple food that everyone lives and is essential, and since the hybrid rice planting technique of Yuanying level was promoted, the output of rice has obtained very big improvement. However, in the traditional rice planting process, various chemical preparations and pesticide intervention are needed, so that harmful chemical preparations such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides and heavy metal residues in the rice (and rice) produced individually exceed standards seriously, which endangers the health and diet safety of people and forms a great food safety problem. With the continuous development of society, people pay more and more attention to food safety problems, especially food safety problems of rice serving as staple food. Therefore, the application of the ecological organic fertilizer has important significance in the aspects of improving the rice quality, promoting the income of farmers, improving the ecological environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the rice planting method provided by the invention can improve the planting yield of rice and reduce the pesticide consumption.
A rice planting method according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes the steps of:
s1, pre-treatment of planting: airing the rice seeds before sowing, then soaking the rice seeds in clear water for 2-4 h, then soaking in an aqueous solution containing a seed soaking agent for 1-2 h, and then growing seedlings; applying organic fertilizer to the planting field before transplanting;
wherein the seed soaking agent comprises the following components: pungent litse fruit oil, mint essential oil, surfactant, zinc salt, manganese salt, borate, gelatin, okra polysaccharide and brown algae extract;
the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: livestock and poultry manure, straw powder, coconut shell scraps, egg shells, probiotic compounds and a traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive is used for preventing and controlling insect pests;
s2, management in the planting process: after deep ploughing, exposing the land for 5-10 days, deep ploughing again and applying a base fertilizer at the same time, after transplanting, topdressing for 1-2 times at the tillering peak period and topdressing for 1-2 times at the main spike inoculation period; in addition, water management, insect pest management and weeding management are carried out before transplanting the rice seedlings to harvest;
wherein the basic fertilizer comprises rice hull ash, bean pulp, ammonium molybdate, betel nut shells, tobacco, apatite, perlite powder and wood chips;
the fertilizer used for topdressing at the tillering peak contains the following components: peanut shells, dried small shrimps, kelp, bran, mushroom residues and iron-time diopside powder;
the fertilizer used for topdressing in the main spike inoculation period is prepared from the following raw materials: potassium feldspar, selenite, trichoderma, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and beta-aminobutyric acid.
The planting method provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: according to the scheme, the seed soaking agent is used for soaking rice seeds before sowing, the seed soaking agent contains the components of the litsea cubeba oil, the mint essential oil and the like, the seed soaking agent has good insect killing and expelling effects, the okra polysaccharide and the gelatin have good film forming property, and the time for the components with the insect killing and expelling effects such as the litsea cubeba oil and the mint essential oil to remain on the surfaces of the rice seeds can be prolonged, so that the long-acting insect expelling and killing effects are realized; the seed soaking agent also contains brown algae extract which contains a growth regulator, so that the germination rate of rice seeds can be improved, and the growth of the rice seeds can be promoted; organic fertilizer containing Chinese herbal medicines for preventing and treating insect pests is applied to the previous rice field before planting, so that the incidence rate of the insect pests in the growth process of the rice is reduced, and the application amount of pesticides is reduced; the base fertilizer contains a large amount of N and P elements, and also contains water and fertilizer retention materials such as sawdust and betel nut shells, so that the fertilizer effect can be improved, and the betel nut shells and tobacco have good prevention and control effects on pests; the topdressing of the scheme of the invention contains a plurality of elements such as N, P, I, Fe, Si and the like, especially the supplement of silicon element, can prevent and treat rice blast, is favorable for the robust growth of rice stems, and mushroom dregs not only contain rich amino acid, but also contain a large amount of mineral elements; in the topdressing of the main spike inoculation period, K, Si and other elements are supplemented for the rice, meanwhile, photosynthetic bacteria are supplemented to enhance soil fertility, and potassium feldspar and bacillus subtilis are added, so that the incidence rate of rice blast of the rice is further reduced, meanwhile, beta-aminobutyric acid can improve the induced resistance activity of the rice, and trichoderma added can have an antagonistic effect on various plant pathogenic bacteria by generating antibiotics, nutrition competition, micro parasitism, cell wall decomposition enzyme, inducing plants to generate resistance and other mechanisms, so that the robust growth of the rice is kept; according to the method, the fertilizer in each stage is scientifically prepared, the compounding synergistic effect among various plant or microorganism components is skillfully utilized, soil organic matters are increased, the soil structure is improved, a good effect on pest control is achieved, and the planting yield of rice can be greatly improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pest management comprises spraying 1-2 times of the pest-resistant agent at the tillering stage, wherein the pest-resistant agent is a plant-derived pest-resistant agent, and the preparation method of the plant-derived pest-resistant agent comprises the following steps: the preparation method is characterized by taking cortex meliae, pepper stems and tobacco leaves as raw materials and extracting the raw materials by an organic solvent. Alkaloids, ketones and organic anti-insect substances contained in cortex meliae, pepper stems and tobacco leaves are utilized to realize the expelling and killing of disease, insect and germ and reduce the damage of the disease, insect and germ to rice. Whether the insect-resistant agent is sprayed or not can be determined according to the specific situation of the planting area.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water management comprises: the tillering stage mainly adopts shallow water management; and (5) carrying out deep water irrigation in young ear formation and heading and flowering periods. In the tillering stage, low-position tillering generation and growth are promoted through shallow water, and the effective rate of tillering is improved; in the young ear formation and heading and flowering period, water supply should be enhanced, the activity of roots and leaves should be maintained, the seed setting rate should be improved, and the grain weight should be increased.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises stocking ducklings or rearing natural enemies of trichogramma in the paddy field; if the ducklings are stocked, the ducks are harvested before the ears of the rice are removed. The biological control of the organic rice pests is environment-friendly and efficient.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the Chinese medicinal additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 15 portions of soapberry, 5 to 15 portions of lightyellow sophora root, 5 to 7 portions of siberian cocklebur fruit and 4 to 8 portions of broussonetia papyrifera leaves.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant; preferably an alkyl glucoside or a fatty acid glyceride.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the litsea cubeba oil, the mint essential oil, the surfactant, the zinc salt, the manganese salt, the borate, the gelatin, the okra polysaccharide and the brown algae extract is (20-30): 10-20): 5-8): 3-4): 2-5): 6-8): 3-5): 4-6): 15-20.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the weight ratio of the livestock manure, the straw powder, the coconut shell scraps, the egg shells, the probiotic compound and the traditional Chinese medicine additive is (50-80): 10-20): 15-20): 2-5): (5-15): (5-10).
According to some embodiments of the invention, the probiotic compound comprises aspergillus niger, lactic acid bacteria and yeast.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the rice hull ash, the bean pulp, the ammonium molybdate, the betel nut hull, the tobacco, the apatite, the perlite powder and the wood dust in the base fertilizer is (40-50): 20-30): 2-5): 3-8 ]: 3-5): 4-6): 15-20): 10-15.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fertilizer used in the topdressing at the tillering peak stage has the mass ratio of (15-18): 20-25): 18-25: (16-20): 8-15): 10-15) of peanut shells, dried small shrimps, kelp, bran, mushroom residues and iron-time spodumene powder.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of potassium feldspar, selenite, trichoderma, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and beta-aminobutyric acid in the fertilizer used in the main spike inoculation period is (25-30): 5-10): 10-18): 13-20): 5-8): 10-20. The fertilizer also contains selenite, so that selenium is provided for rice, and the quality of rice is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The first embodiment of the invention is as follows: a rice planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-treatment of planting: airing the rice seeds (Longjingyou 1212) before sowing, then soaking the seeds, soaking the seeds for 3 hours by using clean water in the seed soaking process, and then soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using a water solution containing a seed soaking agent, and then growing seedlings; applying organic fertilizer (chicken manure) in a mass ratio of 60:10:18: 4:5: 10, straw powder (a mixture of tobacco straw powder, pyrethrum straw powder and rape straw powder in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2), coconut shell scraps, egg shells, probiotic compounds and traditional Chinese medicine additives (15 parts of soapberry, 15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 7 parts of cocklebur fruit and 6 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves) in a planting field (tested in a rice field of Shuiyang Zhenjiang village of Enteromorpha, Hunan province) before transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additives are used for preventing and treating insect pests;
s2, management in the planting process: after deep ploughing, the land is exposed for 7 days, deep ploughing is carried out again, basic fertilizers (rice hull ash, bean pulp, ammonium molybdate, betel nut shell, tobacco, apatite, perlite powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 50:30:3:7:4:5:18: 12) are applied at the same time, after transplanting, topdressing (of peanut shell, shrimp shell, kelp, bran, mushroom residue and iron-time diopside powder in a mass ratio of 16:25:18:16:12: 13) is carried out for 1 time in a tillering peak period, and topdressing (of potassium feldspar, selenite, trichoderma, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and beta-aminobutyric acid in a mass ratio of 28:8:15:20:8: 15) is carried out in a main spike inoculation period, wherein the number of viable bacteria of the trichoderma, the photosynthetic bacteria and the bacillus subtilis is about 5 × 109CFU/g)2 times; in addition, water management (mainly shallow water management in a tillering stage, deep water irrigation in a young ear forming and ear-pulling flowering stage, adopted) insect pest management (12 times of spraying of an insect-resistant agent which is a plant source insect-resistant agent in the tillering stage, wherein the plant source insect-resistant agent is prepared by taking chinaberry bark, pepper stalks and tobacco leaves (prepared by extracting with an organic solvent according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1) as raw materials) and weeding management (mainly artificial weeding and 1 time of spraying of a herbicide) are carried out before transplanting and harvesting.
The second embodiment of the invention is as follows: a rice planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-treatment of planting: airing the rice seeds (Longjingyou 1212) before sowing, then soaking the seeds, soaking the seeds for 3 hours by using clean water in the seed soaking process, and then soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using a water solution containing a seed soaking agent, and then growing seedlings; applying organic fertilizer (chicken manure) in a mass ratio of 80:20:15: 5: 10: 8, straw powder (a mixture of tobacco straw powder, pyrethrum straw powder and rape straw powder in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2), coconut shell scraps, egg shells, probiotic compounds and traditional Chinese medicine additives (12 parts of soapberry, 12 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 6 parts of cocklebur fruit and 7 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves) in a planting field (tested in a rice field of Shuiyang Zhenjiang village of Enteromorpha, Hunan province) before transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additives are used for preventing and treating insect pests;
s2, management in the planting process: after deep ploughing, the land is exposed for 7 days, deep ploughing is carried out again, basic fertilizers (rice hull ash, bean pulp, ammonium molybdate, betel nut shells, tobacco, apatite, perlite powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 40:25:5:8:5:5:18: 12) are applied at the same time, after transplanting, topdressing (of peanut shells, shrimp shells, kelp, bran, mushroom residues and iron-time diopside powder in a mass ratio of 15:22:20: 15: 12) is carried out for 1 time in a tillering peak period, and topdressing (of potassium feldspar, selenite, trichoderma, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and beta-aminobutyric acid in a mass ratio of 25:6:18:15:5: 15) is carried out in a main spike inoculation period, wherein the number of viable bacteria of the trichoderma, the photosynthetic bacteria and the bacillus subtilis is about 3-109CFU/g)2 times; in addition, water management (mainly shallow water management in a tillering stage, deep water irrigation in a young ear forming and ear-pulling flowering stage, adopted) insect pest management (12 times of spraying of an insect-resistant agent which is a plant source insect-resistant agent in the tillering stage, wherein the plant source insect-resistant agent is prepared by taking chinaberry bark, pepper stalks and tobacco leaves (prepared by extracting with an organic solvent according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1) as raw materials) and weeding management (mainly artificial weeding and 1 time of spraying of a herbicide) are carried out before transplanting and harvesting.
The third embodiment of the invention is as follows: a rice planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-treatment of planting: airing the rice seeds (Longjingyou 1212) before sowing, then soaking the seeds, soaking the seeds for 3 hours by using clean water in the seed soaking process, and then soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using a water solution containing a seed soaking agent, and then growing seedlings; applying organic fertilizer (chicken manure) in a mass ratio of 70:15:15: 2: 5:8, straw powder (a mixture of tobacco straw powder, pyrethrum straw powder and rape straw powder in a mass ratio of 1:1: 2), coconut shell scraps, egg shells, probiotic compounds and traditional Chinese medicine additives (12 parts of soapberry, 15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 7 parts of cocklebur fruit and 8 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves) in a planting field (tested in a rice field of Shuiyang Zhenjiang village of Shanghai) before transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additives are used for preventing and treating insect pests;
s2, management in the planting process: after deep ploughing, the land is exposed for 7 days, deep ploughing is carried out again, basic fertilizers (rice hull ash, bean pulp, ammonium molybdate, betel nut shell, tobacco, apatite, perlite powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 40:20:4:6:5:5:18: 15) are applied at the same time, after transplanting, topdressing (of peanut shell, shrimp shell, kelp, bran, mushroom residue and iron-time diopside powder in a mass ratio of 18:22:20:18:9: 15) is carried out for 1 time in a tillering peak period, and topdressing (of potassium feldspar, selenite, trichoderma, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and beta-aminobutyric acid in a mass ratio of 25:5:15:13:5: 20) is carried out in a main spike inoculation period, wherein the number of viable bacteria of the trichoderma, the photosynthetic bacteria and the bacillus subtilis is about 2-109CFU/g)2 times; in addition, water management (mainly shallow water management in a tillering stage, deep water irrigation in a young ear forming and ear-pulling flowering stage, adopted) insect pest management (12 times of spraying of an insect-resistant agent which is a plant source insect-resistant agent in the tillering stage, wherein the plant source insect-resistant agent is prepared by taking chinaberry bark, pepper stalks and tobacco leaves (prepared by extracting with an organic solvent according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1) as raw materials) and weeding management (mainly artificial weeding and 1 time of spraying of a herbicide) are carried out before transplanting and harvesting.
The planting time and the harvesting time of the three embodiments and the comparison example (fertilization and planting according to the traditional mode) are kept consistent, and in order to avoid mutual interference, two ridges of soil are separated from each other in two embodiments of areas with longer distance.
The per mu yield of the harvested rice is counted, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example |
| 672.5kg | 680.1kg | 675.6kg | 642.3kg |
As can be seen from the table above, the yield of the rice planted by the embodiment of the invention is increased by more than 4.7% per mu. However, in the rice planting process according to the embodiment of the invention, except for the herbicide, other organic fertilizers are used, the fertilizing and spraying times are far lower than those of the traditional method, and the detection on the soil quality after use shows that the soil fertility is stronger, the yield is stable, no pesticide residue is generated, and the method is more environment-friendly and healthy.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rice planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-treatment of planting: airing the rice seeds before sowing, then soaking the rice seeds in clear water for 2-4 h, then soaking in an aqueous solution containing a seed soaking agent for 1-2 h, and then growing seedlings; applying organic fertilizer to the planting field before transplanting;
wherein the seed soaking agent comprises the following components: pungent litse fruit oil, mint essential oil, surfactant, zinc salt, manganese salt, borate, gelatin, okra polysaccharide and brown algae extract;
the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: livestock and poultry manure, straw powder, coconut shell scraps, egg shells, probiotic compounds and a traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive is used for preventing and controlling insect pests;
s2, management in the planting process: after deep ploughing, exposing the land for 5-10 days, deep ploughing again and applying a base fertilizer at the same time, after transplanting, topdressing for 1-2 times at the tillering peak period and topdressing for 1-2 times at the main spike inoculation period; in addition, water management, insect pest management and weeding management are carried out before transplanting the rice seedlings to harvest;
wherein the basic fertilizer comprises rice hull ash, bean pulp, ammonium molybdate, betel nut shells, tobacco, apatite, perlite powder and wood chips;
the fertilizer used for topdressing at the tillering peak contains the following components: peanut shells, dried small shrimps, kelp, bran, mushroom residues and iron-time diopside powder;
the fertilizer used for topdressing in the main spike inoculation period is prepared from the following raw materials: potassium feldspar, selenite, trichoderma, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and beta-aminobutyric acid; the insect pest management comprises the steps of spraying 1-2 times of insect-resistant agent in a tillering stage, wherein the insect-resistant agent is a plant source insect-resistant agent, and the preparation method of the plant source insect-resistant agent comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) extracting raw materials of cortex meliae, pepper stems and tobacco leaves by using an organic solvent to obtain the active pharmaceutical composition;
in the basic fertilizer, the mass ratio of rice hull ash, bean pulp, ammonium molybdate, betel nut shell, tobacco, apatite, perlite powder and wood dust is (40-50): 20-30): 2-5): 3-8): 3-5): 4-6): 15-20): 10-15;
the fertilizer used in the topdressing at the tillering peak stage comprises 15-18 mass ratios of peanut shells, dried small shrimps, kelp, bran, mushroom residues and iron-time diopside powder to 20-25 mass ratios of (18-25 mass ratios) to 16-20 mass ratios of (8-15 mass ratios) to 10-15 mass ratios of (16-25 mass ratios) to (8-15 mass ratios);
in the fertilizer used in the top dressing in the main spike inoculation period, the mass ratio of potassium feldspar, selenite, trichoderma, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and beta-aminobutyric acid is (25-30): 5-10): 10-18): 13-20): 5-8): 10-20;
the traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 15 portions of soapberry, 5 to 15 portions of lightyellow sophora root, 5 to 7 portions of siberian cocklebur fruit and 4 to 8 portions of broussonetia papyrifera leaves.
2. The rice planting method of claim 1, wherein: the water management includes: the tillering stage mainly adopts shallow water management; and (5) carrying out deep water irrigation in young ear formation and heading and flowering periods.
3. The rice planting method of claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the steps of breeding ducklings or breeding natural enemies of the trichogramma in the rice field; if the ducklings are stocked, the ducks are harvested before the ears of the rice are removed.
4. The rice planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
5. The rice planting method of claim 4, wherein: the surfactant is alkyl glucoside or fatty glyceride.
6. The rice planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the mass ratio of the litsea cubeba oil, the mint essential oil, the surfactant, the zinc salt, the manganese salt, the borate, the gelatin, the okra polysaccharide and the brown algae extract is (20-30): 10-20): 5-8): 3-4): 2-5): 6-8: (3-5): 4-6): 15-20.
7. The rice planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure, the straw powder, the coconut shell scraps, the egg shells, the probiotic compound and the traditional Chinese medicine additive is (50-80): (10-20): 15-20): 2-5): (5-15): (5-10).
8. The rice planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the probiotic compound comprises Aspergillus niger, lactic acid bacteria and yeast.
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