CN109220657A - A kind of implantation methods of rice - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220657A CN109220657A CN201811394700.8A CN201811394700A CN109220657A CN 109220657 A CN109220657 A CN 109220657A CN 201811394700 A CN201811394700 A CN 201811394700A CN 109220657 A CN109220657 A CN 109220657A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of rice, step be seed selection and processing, nursery, rice field handle, rice transplanting and look into seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, field management, harvesting, the paddy rice planting method uses reasonable plantation step, improve the growing environment of rice, the yield and quality of rice is helped to improve, the cadmium content in rice can be especially reduced；Rice high survival rate does not need to fill the gaps with seedlings substantially.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of side that low cadmium rice is planted in cadmium pollution rice field
Method.
Background technique
Cadmium is a kind of poisoning metal element, into human body after can gradually be accumulated in the systems such as liver, kidney, bone, lung, cause
The damage of these systems.Cadmium slow poisoning Symptoms are fatigue, hyposmia, hemoglobin reduction etc., severe poisoning meeting
Lead to " Itai-itai diseases ", other complication even occur and is dead.What United Nations Environment Programme in 1984 proposed has whole world meaning
Cadmium is listed in first place in the l2 kind hazardous substance of justice.The hair at full speed of the modern industries such as ore extraction, metal smelt, chemical industry manufacture
Exhibition, has caused soil, water Cd pollution gradually to aggravate.
Currently, the common technology of Cadmium in Soil reparation include nature reparation, it is physical engineering reparation, chemical remediation, biological prosthetic
With joint repair etc..Wherein chemical remediation be by the way that modifying agent is added into soil, to change physics, the chemical property of soil,
By absorption, precipitating or the co-precipitation to heavy metal, change the existing forms of heavy metal in the soil, to reduce its life
Object validity and migration.Common modifying agent has inorganic amendment and organic amendment, and inorganic amendment mainly passes through and changes
Become soil pH value, heavy metal-passivated activity achievees the purpose that reparation, and organic amendment mainly pass through chelating heavy metal from
Son reaches reparation purpose.
Rice is Chinese first generalized grain crop, while being also the strongest large cereal crops of cadmium, food state of China
Rice cadmium limitation is 0.2mg/kg in family's safety standard, for the economic benefit and social benefit for improving cadmium pollution rice field, it is necessary to
Develop a kind of implantation methods of low cadmium rice.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of rice, the low rice of the available cadmium content of this method,
Meet the health requirements of human body.
The implantation methods of low cadmium rice of the invention, in turn include the following steps:
(1) it chooses seeds and handles: choosing high-quality seed rice, rice paddy seed is immersed in 3-5h in the salt water that weight fraction is 1-1.2%
Afterwards, it then is placed in fungicide and impregnates 10-20min, take out later, drain surface moisture, then rinsed well with clear water, after draining,
Rice paddy seed is placed in glycerol and impregnates 1-2min, is taken out spare；
The fungicide is made of the component of following parts by weight: 3-5 parts of lysozyme, 3-5 parts of lywallzyme, wood vinegar 200-300
10-20 parts and Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci extract 1-2 parts of times liquid；
(2) nursery: the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, and the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
70-80%；The Nutrition Soil is made of the component of following parts by weight: 100-200 parts of fermentation pig manure, 70-90 parts of cinder, zeolite
20-30 parts of powder, 40-50 parts of vermiculite, river sand 30-60 parts thin, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate 15-25
Part and ammonium sulfate 30-40 parts；Rice seedling bed is covered with plastic film, removes film after 15-20 days, rice shoot is allowed to divulge information；
(3) rice field is handled: being laid with one layer of mixed fertilizer in the soil surface of cadmium pollution paddy field, mixed fertilizer raw material is by weight
For 50-100 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80-90 parts of straw ash, 3-5 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3-4 parts of sodium selenite, the mixed fertilizer in rice field per acre
Material is 400-500kg, is then refined using surface soil of the rotary cultivator to rice field, mixes soil and mixed fertilizer equal
Even, soil refines with a thickness of 15-25cm, then pours water rice field, continues to fill after making the water content of soil reach saturation degree
Water forms 3-5 centimetres of shoaling layer, then carries out secondary refinement using small-size rotary tiller；
(4) it rice transplanting and looks into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings: carrying out uniform rice transplanting by the way of manually or mechanically, rice transplanting quantity is 20-25 ten thousand per acre
Strain carries out looking into seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings, pulls out the rice shoot not survived, and transplant new rice shoot after 5-8 days after the completion of rice transplanting in field；
(5) field management, field management include following measures:
A, water starch management, rice field is always maintained at shallow water after rice transplanting, and rice knot fringe amount reaches 70% or more, cuts off the water supply, and improves anti-fall
Volt, mitigates the harm of banded sclerotial blight, carries out rehydration before rice young panicle breaks up, then cuts off the water supply after rice knot fringe is full；
B, top dressing, in 2 leaf of rice seedling, 1 heart stage of 1 heart to 3 leaf, per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 10-15kg, potash fertilizer 60-75kg, sprays blade face
Fertilizer promotes early tiller, uniformly sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer using vehicle-mounted sprayer in booting latter stage；
C, insect prevention is prevented and treated using bioanalysis, and rice field puts 30 frogs or 10 ducks in a suitable place to breed per acre；
D, diseases prevention avoids the occurrence of disease using variety diversity, sprays insecticide when necessary；
E, weeding carries out artificial or puts duck progress weeding in a suitable place to breed；
(6) it gathers in, after rice is mature, harvesting dries, cleans, then storage storage.
Wherein soil cadmium content is 0.2-0.5mg/kg in cadmium pollution paddy field described in step (3).
Wherein selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in step (5) is made of the selenium-rich Chinese medicine slag fermenting, based on parts by weight, by following
Raw material is made:
100 parts of the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae dregs of a decoction, 70-100 parts of the trigone dregs of a decoction, 110-180 parts of the Radix Angelicae Sinensis dregs of a decoction, 120-200 parts of the cassia seed dregs of a decoction, five times
Sub- dregs of a decoction 100-110 parts, 100-150 parts of the turmeric dregs of a decoction, 120-140 parts of the chrysanthemum dregs of a decoction, 100-180 parts of liquorice dregs, pheretima medicine
100-140 parts of slag, 100-120 parts of the Artemisia anomala dregs of a decoction, 100 parts of the radix paeoniae rubra dregs of a decoction.
The preferred embodiment of the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is as follows:
100 parts of the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae dregs of a decoction, 90 parts of the trigone dregs of a decoction, 140 parts of the Radix Angelicae Sinensis dregs of a decoction, 150 parts of the cassia seed dregs of a decoction, 110 parts of nutgall dreg,
110 parts of the turmeric dregs of a decoction, 120 parts of the chrysanthemum dregs of a decoction, 150 parts of liquorice dregs, 110 parts of the pheretima dregs of a decoction, 110 parts of the Artemisia anomala dregs of a decoction, radix paeoniae rubra
100-120 parts of the dregs of a decoction.
The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer the preparation method is as follows:
(1) raw material is mixed after sieving respectively through crushing, obtains mixture, add the cellulose-degrading bacteria of 0.1-0.2wt%, sent out
Ferment；
(2) 5-15 times of weight water is added in the mixture after fermentation, decocts 2-3h；Filtering, obtains foliar fertilizer.
The foliar fertilizer application method is as follows: foliar fertilizer is diluted with water 5 times when use, to blade face atomisation, and 1 month
1 time.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
Sodium metasilicate and sodium selenite is added simultaneously when planting water rice, absorption of the rice to cadmium, sodium metasilicate and Asia can be reduced
Sodium selenate has synergistic effect, while applying foliar fertilizer, and the photosynthesis of rice leaf improves, the ratio of active cadmium in rice plant
Example reduces, and reduces the absorption of cadmium；In addition, the implantation methods rice high survival rate, does not need to fill the gaps with seedlings substantially.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Soil cadmium content average out to 0.40mg/kg in cadmium pollution paddy field described in embodiment.
The formula of selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in following embodiment is as follows:
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae dregs of a decoction 100kg, trigone dregs of a decoction 90kg, Radix Angelicae Sinensis dregs of a decoction 140kg, cassia seed dregs of a decoction 150kg, nutgall dreg 110kg,
Turmeric dregs of a decoction 110kg, chrysanthemum dregs of a decoction 120kg, liquorice dregs 150kg, pheretima dregs of a decoction 110kg, Artemisia anomala dregs of a decoction 110kg, radix paeoniae rubra
Dregs of a decoction 100kg.
The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer the preparation method is as follows:
(1) raw material is mixed after sieving respectively through crushing, obtains mixture, add the cellulose-degrading bacteria of 0.15wt%, fermented；
(2) 10 times of weight waters are added in the mixture after fermentation, decoct 2h；Filtering, obtains foliar fertilizer.
The foliar fertilizer application method is as follows: foliar fertilizer is diluted with water 5 times when use, to blade face atomisation, and 1 month
1 time.
Embodiment 1
(1) it chooses seeds and handles: choosing high-quality seed rice, rice paddy seed is immersed in the salt water that weight fraction is 1% after 4h, then is set
15min is impregnated in fungicide, is taken out later, drains surface moisture, then rinsed well with clear water, after draining, by rice paddy seed
It is placed in glycerol and impregnates 1-2min, take out spare；
The fungicide is made of the component of following parts by weight: 4 parts of lysozyme, 3 parts of lywallzyme, 300 times of wood vinegar, 20 parts of liquid
With 1 part of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci extract；
(2) nursery: the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, and the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
70-80%；The Nutrition Soil is made of the component of following parts by weight: 120 parts of fermentation pig manure, 90 parts of cinder, 25 parts of zeolite powder,
46 parts of vermiculite, 40 parts of thin river sand, 7 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate and 30 parts of ammonium sulfate；Use plastic film
Rice seedling bed is covered, removes film after 18 days, rice shoot is allowed to divulge information；
(3) rice field is handled: being laid with one layer of mixed fertilizer to the soil surface of cadmium pollution paddy field, mixed fertilizer raw material is by weight
For 80 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of straw ash, 4 parts of sodium metasilicate, 4 parts of sodium selenite, the mixed fertilizer in rice field is 450kg per acre,
Then it is refined using surface soil of the rotary cultivator to rice field, is uniformly mixed soil and mixed fertilizer, soil refines thickness
It for 20-25cm, then pours water rice field, continues to pour water to form 3-5 centimetres after making the water content of soil reach saturation degree
Then shoaling layer carries out secondary refinement using small-size rotary tiller；
(4) it rice transplanting and looks into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings: carrying out uniform rice transplanting by the way of mechanical, rice transplanting quantity is ten thousand plants of 20-25 per acre, is inserted
It carries out looking into seedling in field after 7 days after the completion of seedling, does not need to fill the gaps with seedlings；
(5) field management, field management include following measures:
A, water starch management, rice field is always maintained at shallow water after rice transplanting, and rice knot fringe amount reaches 70% or more, cuts off the water supply, and improves anti-fall
Volt, mitigates the harm of banded sclerotial blight, carries out rehydration before rice young panicle breaks up, then cuts off the water supply after rice knot fringe is full；
B, top dressing, in 2 leaf of rice seedling, 1 heart stage of 1 heart to 3 leaf, per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 70kg, and sprinkling foliar fertilizer promotes
Early tiller uniformly sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer using vehicle-mounted sprayer in booting latter stage；
C, insect prevention is prevented and treated using bioanalysis, and 30 frogs are put in rice field in a suitable place to breed per acre；
D, diseases prevention avoids the occurrence of disease using variety diversity, sprays insecticide when necessary；
E, weeding puts duck in a suitable place to breed and carries out weeding；
(6) it gathers in, after rice is mature, harvesting is dried.
Embodiment 2
(1) it chooses seeds and handles: choosing high-quality seed rice, after rice paddy seed is immersed in 3 in the salt water that weight fraction is 1.1%, then
It is placed in fungicide and impregnates 10min, take out later, drain surface moisture, then rinsed well with clear water, after draining, by rice seed
Son, which is placed in glycerol, impregnates 2min, takes out spare；
The fungicide is made of the component of following parts by weight: 5 parts of lysozyme, 3 parts of lywallzyme, 250 times of wood vinegar, 20 parts of liquid
With 1.5 parts of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci extract；
(2) nursery: the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, and the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
70-80%；The Nutrition Soil is made of the component of following parts by weight: 160 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of cinder, 30 parts of zeolite powder,
45 parts of vermiculite, 50 parts of thin river sand, 9 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate and 35 parts of ammonium sulfate；Use plastic film
Rice seedling bed is covered, removes film after 19 days, rice shoot is allowed to divulge information；
(3) rice field is handled: being laid with one layer of mixed fertilizer to the soil surface of cadmium pollution paddy field, mixed fertilizer raw material is by weight
For 90 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of straw ash, 5 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3 parts of sodium selenite, the mixed fertilizer in rice field is 420kg per acre,
Then it is refined using surface soil of the rotary cultivator to rice field, is uniformly mixed soil and mixed fertilizer, soil refines thickness
It for 20-25cm, then pours water rice field, continues to pour water to form 3-5 centimetres after making the water content of soil reach saturation degree
Then shoaling layer carries out secondary refinement using small-size rotary tiller；
(4) it rice transplanting and looks into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings: carrying out uniform rice transplanting by the way of mechanical, rice transplanting quantity is ten thousand plants of 20-25 per acre, is inserted
It carries out looking into seedling in field after 7 days after the completion of seedling, does not need to fill the gaps with seedlings；
(5) field management, field management include following measures:
A, water starch management, rice field is always maintained at shallow water after rice transplanting, and rice knot fringe amount reaches 70% or more, cuts off the water supply, and improves anti-fall
Volt, mitigates the harm of banded sclerotial blight, carries out rehydration before rice young panicle breaks up, then cuts off the water supply after rice knot fringe is full；
B, top dressing, in 2 leaf of rice seedling, 1 heart stage of 1 heart to 3 leaf, per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 13kg, potash fertilizer 65kg, and sprinkling foliar fertilizer promotes
Early tiller uniformly sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer using vehicle-mounted sprayer in booting latter stage；
C, insect prevention is prevented and treated using bioanalysis, and 10 ducks are put in rice field in a suitable place to breed per acre；
D, diseases prevention avoids the occurrence of disease using variety diversity, sprays insecticide when necessary；
E, weeding carries out artificial weeding；
(6) it gathers in, after rice is mature, harvesting dries, cleans, then storage storage.
Comparative example 1
1) it chooses seeds and handles: choosing high-quality seed rice, rice paddy seed is immersed in the salt water that weight fraction is 1.1% after 3h, then
It is placed in fungicide and impregnates 10min, take out later, drain surface moisture, then rinsed well with clear water, after draining, by rice seed
Son, which is placed in glycerol, impregnates 2min, takes out spare；
The fungicide is made of the component of following parts by weight: 5 parts of lysozyme, 3 parts of lywallzyme, 250 times of wood vinegar, 20 parts of liquid
With 1.5 parts of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci extract；
(2) nursery: the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, and the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
70-80%；The Nutrition Soil is made of the component of following parts by weight: 160 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of cinder, 30 parts of zeolite powder,
45 parts of vermiculite, 50 parts of thin river sand, 9 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate and 35 parts of ammonium sulfate；Use plastic film
Rice seedling bed is covered, removes film after 19 days, rice shoot is allowed to divulge information；
(3) rice field is handled: being laid with one layer of mixed fertilizer to the soil surface of cadmium pollution paddy field, mixed fertilizer raw material is by weight
For 90 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of straw ash, 8 parts of sodium metasilicate, the mixed fertilizer in rice field is 420kg per acre, then utilizes rotary tillage
Machine refines the surface soil in rice field, is uniformly mixed soil and mixed fertilizer, soil refines with a thickness of 20-25cm, so
It pours water afterwards rice field, continues to pour water after making the water content of soil reach saturation degree to form 3-5 centimetres of shoaling layer, it is then sharp
Secondary refinement is carried out with small-size rotary tiller；
(4) it rice transplanting and looks into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings: carrying out uniform rice transplanting by the way of mechanical, rice transplanting quantity is ten thousand plants of 20-25 per acre, is inserted
It carries out looking into seedling in field after 7 days after the completion of seedling, does not need to fill the gaps with seedlings；
(5) field management, field management include following measures:
A, water starch management, rice field is always maintained at shallow water after rice transplanting, and rice knot fringe amount reaches 70% or more, cuts off the water supply, and improves anti-fall
Volt, mitigates the harm of banded sclerotial blight, carries out rehydration before rice young panicle breaks up, then cuts off the water supply after rice knot fringe is full；
B, top dressing, in 2 leaf of rice seedling, 1 heart stage of 1 heart to 3 leaf, per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 13kg, potash fertilizer 65kg, and sprinkling foliar fertilizer promotes
Early tiller uniformly sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer using vehicle-mounted sprayer in booting latter stage；
C, insect prevention is prevented and treated using bioanalysis, and 10 ducks are put in rice field in a suitable place to breed per acre；
D, diseases prevention avoids the occurrence of disease using variety diversity, sprays insecticide when necessary；
E, weeding carries out artificial weeding；
(6) it gathers in, after rice is mature, harvesting dries, cleans, then storage storage.
Comparative example 2
1) it chooses seeds and handles: choosing high-quality seed rice, after rice paddy seed is immersed in 3 in the salt water that weight fraction is 1.1%, then set
10min is impregnated in fungicide, is taken out later, drains surface moisture, then rinsed well with clear water, after draining, by rice paddy seed
It is placed in glycerol and impregnates 2min, take out spare；
The fungicide is made of the component of following parts by weight: 5 parts of lysozyme, 3 parts of lywallzyme, 250 times of wood vinegar, 20 parts of liquid
With 1.5 parts of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci extract；
(2) nursery: the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, and the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
70-80%；The Nutrition Soil is made of the component of following parts by weight: 160 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of cinder, 30 parts of zeolite powder,
45 parts of vermiculite, 50 parts of thin river sand, 9 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate and 35 parts of ammonium sulfate；Use plastic film
Rice seedling bed is covered, removes film after 19 days, rice shoot is allowed to divulge information；
(3) rice field is handled: being laid with one layer of mixed fertilizer to the soil surface of cadmium pollution paddy field, mixed fertilizer raw material is by weight
For 90 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of straw ash, 8 parts of sodium selenite, the mixed fertilizer in rice field is 420kg per acre, then utilizes rotary tillage
Machine refines the surface soil in rice field, is uniformly mixed soil and mixed fertilizer, soil refines with a thickness of 20-25cm, so
It pours water afterwards rice field, continues to pour water after making the water content of soil reach saturation degree to form 3-5 centimetres of shoaling layer, it is then sharp
Secondary refinement is carried out with small-size rotary tiller；
(4) it rice transplanting and looks into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings: carrying out uniform rice transplanting by the way of manually or mechanically, rice transplanting quantity is 20-25 ten thousand per acre
Strain, carries out looking into seedling in field after 7 days after the completion of rice transplanting, does not need to fill the gaps with seedlings；
(5) field management, field management include following measures:
A, water starch management, rice field is always maintained at shallow water after rice transplanting, and rice knot fringe amount reaches 70% or more, cuts off the water supply, and improves anti-fall
Volt, mitigates the harm of banded sclerotial blight, carries out rehydration before rice young panicle breaks up, then cuts off the water supply after rice knot fringe is full；
B, top dressing, in 2 leaf of rice seedling, 1 heart stage of 1 heart to 3 leaf, per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 13kg, potash fertilizer 65kg, and sprinkling foliar fertilizer promotes
Early tiller uniformly sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer using vehicle-mounted sprayer in booting latter stage；
C, insect prevention is prevented and treated using bioanalysis, and 10 ducks are put in rice field in a suitable place to breed per acre；
D, diseases prevention avoids the occurrence of disease using variety diversity, sprays insecticide when necessary；
E, weeding carries out artificial weeding；
(6) it gathers in, after rice is mature, harvesting dries, cleans, then storage storage.
Comparative example 3
1) it chooses seeds and handles: choosing high-quality seed rice, after rice paddy seed is immersed in 3 in the salt water that weight fraction is 1.1%, then set
10min is impregnated in fungicide, is taken out later, drains surface moisture, then rinsed well with clear water, after draining, by rice paddy seed
It is placed in glycerol and impregnates 2min, take out spare；
The fungicide is made of the component of following parts by weight: 5 parts of lysozyme, 3 parts of lywallzyme, 250 times of wood vinegar, 20 parts of liquid
With 1.5 parts of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci extract；
(2) nursery: the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, and the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
70-80%；The Nutrition Soil is made of the component of following parts by weight: 160 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of cinder, 30 parts of zeolite powder,
45 parts of vermiculite, 50 parts of thin river sand, 9 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate and 35 parts of ammonium sulfate；Use plastic film
Rice seedling bed is covered, removes film after 19 days, rice shoot is allowed to divulge information；
(3) rice field is handled: being laid with one layer of mixed fertilizer to the soil surface of cadmium pollution paddy field, mixed fertilizer raw material is by weight
For 90 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80 parts of straw ash, 5 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3 parts of sodium selenite, the mixed fertilizer in rice field is 420kg per acre,
Then it is refined using surface soil of the rotary cultivator to rice field, is uniformly mixed soil and mixed fertilizer, soil refines thickness
It for 15-25cm, then pours water rice field, continues to pour water to form 3-5 centimetres after making the water content of soil reach saturation degree
Then shoaling layer carries out secondary refinement using small-size rotary tiller；
(4) it rice transplanting and looks into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings: carrying out uniform rice transplanting by the way of manually or mechanically, rice transplanting quantity is 20-25 ten thousand per acre
Strain, carries out looking into seedling in field after 7 days after the completion of rice transplanting, does not need to fill the gaps with seedlings；
(5) field management, field management include following measures:
A, water starch management, rice field is always maintained at shallow water after rice transplanting, and rice knot fringe amount reaches 70% or more, cuts off the water supply, and improves anti-fall
Volt, mitigates the harm of banded sclerotial blight, carries out rehydration before rice young panicle breaks up, then cuts off the water supply after rice knot fringe is full；
B, top dressing, in 2 leaf of rice seedling, 1 heart stage of 1 heart to 3 leaf, per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 13kg, potash fertilizer 65kg, and sprinkling foliar fertilizer promotes
Early tiller uniformly sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer using vehicle-mounted sprayer in booting latter stage, and the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is sodium selenite, is used
Water sprays, spraying concentration 8.0mg/kg；
C, insect prevention is prevented and treated using bioanalysis, and 10 ducks are put in rice field in a suitable place to breed per acre；
D, diseases prevention avoids the occurrence of disease using variety diversity, sprays insecticide when necessary；
E, weeding carries out artificial weeding；
(6) it gathers in, after rice is mature, harvesting dries, cleans, then storage storage.
The above comparative example 1 removes the sodium selenite in step (3) mixed fertilizer, and sodium metasilicate increases to 8 parts, comparative example
2 remove the sodium metasilicate in step (3) mixed fertilizer, and sodium selenite increases to 8 parts, and comparative example 3 is by the blade face in step (5)
Fertilizer is changed to common sodium selenite.
Comparative example 4
By in step (3) mixed fertilizer sodium selenite and sodium metasilicate removal, be changed to lime, other are same as Example 2.
Control group
It plants and applies fertilizer according to local high-yield culturing mode.
The yield and nutritive element content of the planted rice of above embodiments, comparative example are specifically shown in Table 1.
Table 1
。
It can be seen that sodium metasilicate and sodium selenite in the drop of Cadmium Content of Rice from the data of embodiment 2 and comparative example 1-2
Low aspect has synergistic effect, while can be improved absorption of the rice to n-p-k element, and the especially absorption of nitrogen and potassium increases
It is more.
It can be seen that the method for the present invention from the data of comparative example 3 and embodiment 2 to imitate the reduction of Cadmium Content of Rice than lime
Fruit is good.
From comparative example 3 and embodiment 2 as can be seen that when applying foliar fertilizer, using the extracting solution effect of Chinese medicine dreg than sub-
Sodium selenate is good.
The above content describes basic principles and main features of the invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements are all
It falls into scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of implantation methods of rice, it is characterised in that in turn include the following steps:
(1) it chooses seeds and handles: choosing high-quality seed rice, rice paddy seed is immersed in 3-5h in the salt water that weight fraction is 1-1.2%
Afterwards, it then is placed in fungicide and impregnates 10-20min, take out later, drain surface moisture, then rinsed well with clear water, after draining,
Rice paddy seed is placed in glycerol and impregnates 1-2min, is taken out spare；
The fungicide is made of the component of following parts by weight: 3-5 parts of lysozyme, 3-5 parts of lywallzyme, wood vinegar 200-300
10-20 parts and Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci extract 1-2 parts of times liquid；
(2) nursery: the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, and the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
70-80%；The Nutrition Soil is made of the component of following parts by weight: 100-200 parts of fermentation pig manure, 70-90 parts of cinder, zeolite
20-30 parts of powder, 40-50 parts of vermiculite, river sand 30-60 parts thin, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate 15-25
Part and ammonium sulfate 30-40 parts；Rice seedling bed is covered with plastic film, removes film after 15-20 days, rice shoot is allowed to divulge information；
(3) rice field is handled: being laid with one layer of mixed fertilizer to the soil surface of cadmium pollution paddy field, mixed fertilizer raw material is by weight
For 50-100 parts of fermentation pig manure, 80-90 parts of straw ash, 3-5 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3-4 parts of sodium selenite, the mixed fertilizer in rice field per acre
Material is 400-500kg, is then refined using surface soil of the rotary cultivator to rice field, mixes soil and mixed fertilizer equal
Even, soil refines with a thickness of 15-25cm, then pours water rice field, continues to fill after making the water content of soil reach saturation degree
Water forms 3-5 centimetres of shoaling layer, then carries out secondary refinement using small-size rotary tiller；
(4) it rice transplanting and looks into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings: carrying out uniform rice transplanting by the way of manually or mechanically, rice transplanting quantity is 20-25 ten thousand per acre
Strain is carried out looking into seedling and be filled the gaps with seedlings after 5-8 days after the completion of rice transplanting in field；
(5) field management, field management include following measures:
A, water starch management, rice field is always maintained at shallow water after rice transplanting, and rice knot fringe amount reaches 70% or more, cuts off the water supply, and improves anti-fall
Volt, mitigates the harm of banded sclerotial blight, carries out rehydration before rice young panicle breaks up, then cuts off the water supply after rice knot fringe is full；
B, top dressing, in 2 leaf of rice seedling, 1 heart stage of 1 heart to 3 leaf, per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 10-15kg, potash fertilizer 60-75kg, sprays blade face
Fertilizer promotes early tiller, uniformly sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer using vehicle-mounted sprayer in booting latter stage；
C, insect prevention is prevented and treated using bioanalysis, and rice field puts 30 frogs or 10 ducks in a suitable place to breed per acre；
D, diseases prevention avoids the occurrence of disease using variety diversity, sprays insecticide when necessary；
E, weeding carries out artificial or puts duck progress weeding in a suitable place to breed；
(6) it gathers in, after rice is mature, harvesting dries, cleans, then storage storage.
2. the implantation methods of rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that native in cadmium pollution paddy field described in step (3)
Earth cadmium content is 0.2-0.5mg/kg.
3. the implantation methods of rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in step (5) is by fermenting
Selenium-rich Chinese medicine slag be made, based on parts by weight, be prepared from the following raw materials: 100 parts of the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae dregs of a decoction, 70-100 parts of the trigone dregs of a decoction,
110-180 parts of the Radix Angelicae Sinensis dregs of a decoction, 120-200 parts of the cassia seed dregs of a decoction, 100-110 parts of nutgall dreg, 100-150 parts of the turmeric dregs of a decoction,
It is 120-140 parts of the chrysanthemum dregs of a decoction, 100-180 parts of liquorice dregs, 100-140 parts of the pheretima dregs of a decoction, 100-120 parts of the Artemisia anomala dregs of a decoction, red
100 parts of Chinese herbaceous peony slag.
4. the implantation methods of rice according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the formula of the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is as follows: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
100 parts of the dregs of a decoction, 90 parts of the trigone dregs of a decoction, 140 parts of the Radix Angelicae Sinensis dregs of a decoction, 150 parts of the cassia seed dregs of a decoction, 110 parts of nutgall dreg, the turmeric dregs of a decoction
110 parts, 120 parts of the chrysanthemum dregs of a decoction, 150 parts of liquorice dregs, 110 parts of the pheretima dregs of a decoction, 110 parts of the Artemisia anomala dregs of a decoction, radix paeoniae rubra dregs of a decoction 100-
120 parts.
5. the implantation methods of rice according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer the preparation method is as follows:
(1) raw material is mixed after sieving respectively through crushing, obtains mixture, add the cellulose-degrading bacteria of 0.1-0.2wt%, sent out
Ferment；
(2) 5-15 times of weight water is added in the mixture after fermentation, decocts 2-3h；Filtering, obtains foliar fertilizer.
6. the implantation methods of rice according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the application method of the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is as follows:
Foliar fertilizer is diluted with water 5 times when use, to blade face atomisation, 1 month 1 time.
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| CN114902919A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Silk seedling rice planting and cultivating method |
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