CN110946064A - High-survival-rate transplanting method for moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface - Google Patents
High-survival-rate transplanting method for moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface high-survival-rate transplanting method which comprises the steps of constructing a shading net on a base which is high in limestone exposure rate, is under a tree forest and has a shading rate of 50% -70%, and paving a sprinkling irrigation system; cleaning the limestone surface of the base, wherein no humus soil is left on the rock surface, and paving the bryophytes on the surface of the base, wherein the thickness of the bryophytes is 3-4 cm, and the bryophytes are kept moist and clean; transplanting dendrobium officinale seedlings after the bryophytes survive, and pressing the roots of the dendrobium seedlings in the bryophytes; the sun shading net is used for shading sun, the spray irrigation system is used for keeping the base environment and the bryophytes moist, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the season of vigorous growth to promote the growth and development of the plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a dendrobium officinale karst mountain region adnexite high-survival rate transplanting method.
Background
The traditional rare medicinal material, namely dendrobium belongs to fresh or dry stems of various plants in the endangered dendrobium of the orchidaceae. The precious and rare medicinal material dendrobe is firstly listed in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, and is listed as the superior product; income Royal Soochow from Ben Cao gang mu; tang Dynasty (Taoism and Tibetan) is listed as the first herb of Jiuda Xiancao. The dendrobium officinale product which is also called as the black clover and is a famous dendrobe original plant Dendrobium officinale which is circulated in the market is considered as the top grade of dendrobium officinale, and has the effects of enhancing the immunity of human bodies and preventing and treating early cancers. At present, most of products of the dendrobium officinale are products made of transplanted plants of tissue culture seedlings of the dendrobium officinale or substitute products made of plants of other dendrobium species, such as dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium moniliforme) and the like, and also lack blood-mixed products of the dendrobium officinale and other species in hybridization, particularly complete facility cultivation, chemical reagents, pesticides and chemical fertilizers cannot be separated from the cultured tissue culture seedlings, and the quality and the medicinal efficacy of the dendrobium officinale are seriously influenced.
With the continuous expansion of intensive artificial planting scale, good and moderate dendrobium officinale products are sold in the market, the market has conducted unordinary division on the dendrobium officinale, the price of fresh wild or nearly wild dendrobium officinale products is 1000 + 2000 yuan/kg, while the price of fresh dendrobium officinale products produced in greenhouses falls to about 100 yuan/kg, and the original ecological planting inevitably replaces facility cultivation.
The method has the advantages that the rocky desertification honeycomb limestone is common in southwest areas of China, the predominant dendrobium is mainly distributed in areas, the dendrobium is planted on the limestone surface, the method returns to the original source, the quality is similar to the wild, the cost is low, the yield is high, and the method can be developed into the ecological industry for poverty removal and enrichment in karst mountain areas. At present, the dendrobium officinale cultivation without scale development is technically limited, and the problem that in the prior art, the dendrobium officinale seedlings are transplanted to rock surfaces according to the conventional crop cultivation requirements and the growth characteristics are simulated, the root parts of the dendrobium officinale seedlings are mostly humus or sheep manure, or moss plants and the like are directly bound at the root parts so as to provide the nutritional conditions required by the growth and development of the dendrobium, so that the dendrobium plants are rotted and die, and the artificial scale cultivation is unsuccessful.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a moss associated high-survival-rate transplanting method for dendrobium officinale on limestone surface, in particular to a high-survival-rate cultivation technical method for dendrobium officinale in barren karst mountainous regions, so as to overcome the defects.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface high-survival rate transplanting method which comprises the following steps:
building a sunshade net on a base with more limestone exposure rate, under the arbor forest and with a sunshade rate of 50-70%, and laying a sprinkling irrigation system;
cleaning the limestone surface of the base, wherein no humus soil is left on the rock surface, and paving the bryophytes on the surface of the base, wherein the thickness of the bryophytes is 3-4 cm, and the bryophytes are kept moist and clean;
transplanting dendrobium officinale seedlings after the bryophytes survive, and pressing the roots of the dendrobium seedlings in the bryophytes;
the sun shading net is used for shading sun, the spray irrigation system is used for keeping the base environment and the bryophytes moist, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the season of vigorous growth to promote the growth and development of the plants;
the thickness of the bryophyte is 3-3.5 cm;
the dendrobium seedlings are tissue culture seedlings of dendrobium officinale domesticated in a greenhouse for 15-18 months, each cluster is more than or equal to 5 plants, wherein 2-3 domesticated new seedlings are provided, the plant height is more than or equal to 10cm, and at least 1 plant in each cluster has a stem thickness larger than 5 mm;
the dendrobium seedlings are tissue culture dendrobium officinale seedlings domesticated in a greenhouse for 15-18 months, wherein more than 3 seedlings are needed for domestication of new seedlings, the stem length is more than or equal to 10cm, and at least 1 seedling in each cluster has stem thickness more than 5.5 cm;
the bryophyte belongs to one or more of moss, gray moss and feather moss;
the limestone exposure rate of the base is more than 70%;
transplanting the dendrobium officinale seedlings by removing the seedlings before sprouting in 11 months to 2 months next year for stone-attached transplanting;
the height of the sunshade net from the ground is 1.5-1.8m, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 50% -60%.
A limestone surface mountain land treatment method for moss associated dendrobium officinale is used for carrying out wild dendrobium officinale attached stone cultivation on a bare stony desertification mountain land or a sparse forest land with limestone exposure rate of more than 70% by using the high-survival-rate transplanting method for moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface, and the survival rate of dendrobium officinale growing for 2 years reaches 92.85%.
The method for transplanting the moss associated dendrobium officinale with high survival rate on limestone surface provided by the invention can be used for cultivating high-quality seedlings by carrying out aseptic germination, tissue culture and rapid propagation seedling cultivation and greenhouse domestication on dendrobium officinale seeds, and then transplanting the dendrobium officinale seeds on limestone surfaces full of natural or artificial supplementary plants of moss.
Before the dendrobium officinale seedlings are transplanted, preparation is needed, the limestone surface is cleaned, bryophytes such as Brachythecaceae, Hypnaceae, Thuidiaceae and the like are collected, the bryophytes are attached to the limestone surface after being cleaned, humus soil does not remain on the rock surface, the thickness of the bryophytes is 3-4 cm, and the dendrobium seedlings are transplanted after the bryophytes survive.
In the cultivation method, each cluster of domesticated seedlings is more than or equal to 5 plants, more than 3 plants are needed for domesticating new seedlings, the stem length is more than or equal to 10cm, at least 1 plant in each cluster has the stem thickness more than 5.5cm, and when the domesticated seedlings grow to the above degree in greenhouse domestication for 18 months, the domesticated seedlings are transplanted to the field. Taking out seedlings before sprouting in 11 months to 2 months next year and carrying out stone-attached transplanting;
the karst mountain land with more exposed limestone is suitable to be selected, the limestone surface is cellular, the limestone is under the arbor forest, and the shading rate reaches 50% -70%; a sun-shading net needs to be constructed manually in sparse forest lands or bare stony desertification mountains, the sun-shading rate is 50% -60%, and the ground surface of the sun-shading net is 1.5-1.8m high. A spray irrigation system is required to be installed in the dendrobium planting base for keeping the environment of the base moist, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed in the season of vigorous growth;
the tissue culture seedlings of the dendrobium officinale are domesticated in a greenhouse for 15-18 months, each cluster is more than or equal to 5 plants, the height of each domesticated new seedling is more than or equal to 10cm, and at least 1 plant in each cluster has a stem thickness larger than 5 mm.
In the field, one of the important functions of the moss is to accumulate sand soil particles and the like in a community and form a growth substrate of the new moss with a self residual body, and can intercept nutrients brought by rainfall to effectively improve a poor and barren primary habitat, and the other important function is that a moss cluster capillary system has strong water absorption and water retention capacity and is beneficial to improving the water-wet conditions of a rock surface and the surrounding environment. The water relationships of plants and their ability to tolerate or resist drought determine the range of distribution of species and their ability to survive. The moss plant can adapt to the terrestrial habitat in a unique way, and the moss growing on the rock surface for a long time has strong drought tolerance. On carbonate rock surfaces, moss often follows algae, lichens, in mass, and then covers the entire rock surface. The water holding capacity of moss plants varies from less than 50% of the dry weight of the plant to as high as 2000% of the dry weight, depending on the species.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, moss with the thickness of 3-4 cm is planted and planted on the limestone surface; domesticated seedlings of the dendrobium officinale are used for domesticating more than or equal to 5 plants in each cluster, domesticated new seedlings are 2-3 plants, the plant height is more than or equal to 10cm, and at least 1 plant in each cluster has a stem thickness larger than 5 mm; the limestone rock surface and the moss plants are clean enough, so that new roots of the dendrobium officinale can be quickly attached to the rock surface, the growth and development of the plants are promoted, and the transplanting survival rate is greatly improved; the bryophyte, the sprinkling irrigation and sun-shading system build a suitable growing environment for the dendrobium officinale; therefore, the problems that dendrobium plants are rotten and die and the survival rate of artificial large-scale planting is low are solved, and the moss associated dendrobium officinale can be applied to treatment and treatment in limestone mountain lands.
By using the key technology provided by the invention, the moss-associated dendrobium officinale is cultivated on the limestone surface, the survival rate of the wild dendrobium officinale cultivated with the adnexia stones reaches 92.85% in 2 years, the wild dendrobium officinale cultivated with the adnexia stones reaches the harvest standard in 2 years, and fresh strips are produced per mu for more than 33 kg.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
a moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface high-survival-rate transplanting method comprises the following specific steps:
test site: the experimental base is located in the big well village 'Xiancao valley' of the Dezhen town of Anlongcounty, Guizhou province, belongs to the wet climate of the monsoon in the tropical monsoon of south Asia, and is a mountain land with strength stony desertification, 24 degrees of 54 'N, 104 degrees of latitude of 60' E, elevation 1067m and gradient 20-70 degrees.
Test time: 10 months in 2017 to 7 months in 2019
Test materials: tissue culture domestication seedling of Dendrobium officinale cultivated by Anlongxian county of Guizhou province, Biotech, Limited liability company.
The test method comprises the following steps:
the limestone exposure rate of the base is more than 70%, the limestone surface is cellular, a sunshade net is manually built, a steel pipe supports the sunshade net with the ground clearance of 1.8m and the sunshade rate of 50-60%, and a sprinkling irrigation system is installed. Cleaning the rock surface of a base, collecting bryophytes such as Brachythecaceae of the family Bryozoaceae, Hypnaceae of the family Botryochaceae, Thuidiaceae of the family Thuidiaceae and the like, cleaning, attaching to the limestone surface, paving the rock surface, keeping humus soil on the rock surface, spraying in a sunny day to keep the bryophytes wet, successfully planting the bryophytes after 30 days, transplanting dendrobium officinale seedlings, and pressing the roots of the seedlings in the bryophytes.
The bryophyte thickness H set 5 treatments: h1 < 3 cm, 3< H2<4 cm, 4< H3< 5cm, 5 < H4<6 cm, and H5 ≧ 6 cm.
And (3) test results:
as can be seen from table 1, each measurement index for processing 2 of dendrobium officinale is optimal, namely the thickness of the associated dendrobium officinale moss plant is 3 cm < H2<4 cm, and the cultivation survival rate of the dendrobium officinale adnexite is the highest and reaches 92.85%; the average plant height and the internode number are more than 10cm, respectively are 11.49 cm and 11.4 cm, and the other 4 processed plant heights and internode numbers are less than 10 cm; the average base diameter of the treatment 2 is more than 4 mm and is 4.74 mm, and the average base diameters of the other 4 treatments are less than 4 mm; the average number of leaves of treatment 2 is more than 5 and is 6.6, and the average number of leaves of other 4 treatments is not more than 4. The method comprises the following steps of treating 2 dendrobium officinale robusta to have vigorous growth, after the dendrobium officinale robusta is cultivated for 2 years, achieving a harvesting standard, picking more than 2 on average in each cluster, randomly shearing 10 fresh strips, weighing 35.56g of fresh strips, weighing 5000 clusters per mu, effectively picking 4640 clusters (5000 multiplied by 92.85%) which can be obtained by shearing more than 9280 fresh strips, and obtaining an average yield of more than 33 kg per mu of dendrobium officinale fresh strips, wherein the cost of the dendrobium officinale fresh strips is similar to that of wild dendrobium officinale robusta per mu, the yield value of each mu is 1.65 million yuan, and the dendrobium officinale robusta can be harvested for more than 10 years continuously. The technology realizes high survival rate, the dendrobium can be harvested after being planted in the field for 2 years, the cultivation cost is far lower than that of a facility greenhouse, the dendrobium can be planted on the karst limestone surface, the original source is returned, the quality is similar to the wild, the cost is low, the income is high, demonstration and popularization are easy, and the karst mountain area farmers can be boosted to delight and enrich.
TABLE 1 influence of bryophyte combinations of different thicknesses on agronomic traits of Dendrobium officinale
| Treatment of | Moss thickness cm | Plant height cm | Number of stem nodes | Base diameter mm | Number of blades | Survival rate (%) |
| H1 | 1.83 | 9.41 | 9.7 | 3.86 | 4.0 | 73.33 |
| H2 | 3.34 | 11.49 | 11.4 | 4.74 | 6.6 | 92.85 |
| H3 | 4.25 | 8.70 | 9.5 | 3.28 | 4.0 | 81.25 |
| H4 | 5.48 | 9.01 | 9.6 | 3.07 | 3.4 | 78.57 |
| H5 | 7.65 | 7.48 | 9.4 | 3.53 | 3.2 | 73.33 |
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface high-survival rate transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a) building a sunshade net on a base with more limestone exposure rate, under the arbor forest and with a sunshade rate of 50-70%, and laying a sprinkling irrigation system;
b) cleaning the limestone surface of the base, wherein no humus soil is left on the rock surface, and paving the bryophytes on the surface of the base, wherein the thickness of the bryophytes is 3-4 cm, and the bryophytes are kept moist and clean;
c) transplanting dendrobium officinale seedlings after the bryophytes survive, and pressing the roots of the dendrobium seedlings in the bryophytes;
d) the sun shading net is used for shading sun, the spray irrigation system is used for keeping the base environment and the bryophytes moist, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the season of vigorous growth to promote the growth and development of the plants.
2. The high-survival-rate transplanting method for lichen associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the bryophyte is 3-3.5 cm.
3. The high-survival-rate transplanting method for lichen associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the dendrobium seedlings are tissue culture dendrobium officinale seedlings domesticated in a greenhouse for 15-18 months, each cluster is more than or equal to 5 plants, the height of each domesticated new seedling is 2-3 plants and more than or equal to 10cm, and at least 1 plant in each cluster has a stem thickness larger than 5 mm.
4. The high-survival-rate transplanting method for lichen associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the dendrobium seedlings are tissue culture seedlings of dendrobium officinale domesticated in a greenhouse for 15-18 months, wherein more than 3 seedlings are needed for domestication of new seedlings, the stem length is more than or equal to 10cm, and at least 1 seedling in each cluster has stem thickness more than 5.5 cm.
5. The high-survival-rate transplanting method for lichen associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bryophyte belongs to one or more of moss, gray moss and feather moss.
6. The high-survival-rate transplanting method for lichen associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the limestone exposure rate of the base is more than 70%.
7. The high-survival-rate transplanting method for lichen associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and c) transplanting the dendrobium officinale seedlings in the step c), taking out seedlings before germination in 11 months to 2 months in the next year, and transplanting the seedlings with stones.
8. The high-survival-rate transplanting method for lichen associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the height of the sunshade net from the ground is 1.5-1.8m, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 50% -60%.
9. A limestone surface mountain land treatment method for moss associated with dendrobium officinale is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for transplanting dendrobium officinale with moss-associated limestone surface high survival rate, according to claim 1, is used for cultivating dendrobium officinale in an outdoor attached stone mode on a bare stony desertification mountain land or a sparse forest land with limestone exposure rate of more than 70%, and the survival rate of the dendrobium officinale growing for 2 years reaches 92.85%.
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Application publication date: 20200403 |