CN110876321A - Method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender buds - Google Patents
Method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender buds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110876321A CN110876321A CN201911248693.5A CN201911248693A CN110876321A CN 110876321 A CN110876321 A CN 110876321A CN 201911248693 A CN201911248693 A CN 201911248693A CN 110876321 A CN110876321 A CN 110876321A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender shoots, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivation of the rootstock: pinching when the young shoots of the stock female parent tree grow to 7 leaves, collecting the young shoots after pinching for one week, cutting every two shoots into a branch section, putting the branch section into a seedling tray, putting the seedling tray on a seedling bed, reducing the air humidity to 70% after one week, hardening seedlings, and changing the cutting seedlings to a nutrition cup after 5 days to come out of the bed; transplanting the nutrition cup seedlings into a rain shelter for culture, and grafting after 1 month; (2) and (3) cultivating scions: collecting shoot tips of 2-3 leaves on the new shoots of 5-6 leaves from the scion female parent tree and taking the shoot tips and lower single shoot branches thereof as scions; (3) grafting: grafting by cleft grafting; the grafting opening is fixed by a small clamp; (4) and (3) management after grafting: and transferring the grafted nursery stock to a seedling bed for moisturizing, transferring to a rain shelter for management for 1 month, and growing the scion to 5-6 leaves to obtain the seedling. The grape grafting survival rate is high, and the seedling period is short.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender buds.
Background
The grapes are one of the favorite fruits of people, the planting area and the yield of the grapes in China are ranked on the 1 st and the 4 th positions in the world respectively, and the grapes have very important positions in the gardening industry. The superior stocks are adopted for grafting and seedling raising in the production process, so that the grapes have the characteristics of cold resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance, moisture resistance or drought resistance and the like. At present, most of grape seedling raising technologies adopt a hardwood or green branch grafting method, the stock propagation is carried out by adopting a seeding or hardwood cutting method, the stock cultivation period is long, and the management cost is high; the scions are respectively taken from lignified branches and semi-lignified branches, and the healing time after scion cultivation and grafting is longer. In the existing grafting technology, after semi-lignified branches are adopted for grafting, grown leaves and secondary tips need to be removed, and meanwhile, a plastic film needs to be adopted for winding and wrapping a grafting opening, so that the operation is troublesome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the technical problems that in the prior art, the grape grafting stock propagation is carried out by adopting a seeding or hard branch cutting method, the stock cultivation period is long, the management cost is high, the scions are respectively adopted on lignified branches and semi-lignified branches, the healing time after the scion cultivation and grafting is long, and the grafting survival rate is low, and provides a method for grape tender bud grafting seedling cultivation.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender shoots comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the rootstock: pinching when the young shoots of the stock female parent tree in the growing period grow to 7 leaves, collecting the young shoots after pinching for one week, cutting every two shoots into one branch section, inserting the branches into a seedling raising plate, placing the seedling raising plate on a seedling bed, controlling the temperature to be 25-35 ℃, enabling the air humidity to be more than 80%, reducing the air humidity to 70% at intervals after one week, hardening the seedlings, and changing the cutting seedlings to a nutrition cup after 5 days to be taken out of the bed; transplanting the nutrition cup seedlings into a rain shelter for culture, irrigating water every day, and applying compound fertilizer 2-3g per plant after 3-5 days; grafting can be carried out after 1 month;
(2) and (3) cultivating scions: collecting shoot tips of 2-3 leaves on the new shoots of 5-6 leaves from the scion female parent tree and taking the shoot tips and lower single shoot branches thereof as scions;
(3) grafting: grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, leaving 4 leaves on the stock to cut off growing points, vertically splitting the middle position of a stem cut by using a knife, cutting the bottom of a scion into a wedge shape, quickly inserting the scion into the stock cut after being cut, and fixing the scion by using a small clamp; the grafting process is required to be completed quickly;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: transferring the grafted nursery stocks to a seedling bed for moisturizing, controlling the temperature to be 25-35 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be more than 80%, enabling grafting openings to heal after one week, enabling terminal buds to absorb water for recovery, transferring the nursery stocks out of the moisturizing seedling bed after 20 days of grafting, transferring the nursery stocks to a rain shelter for management, irrigating water every day, and supplying 2-3g of compound fertilizer to each plant after 3-5 days; after 1 month, the scion can grow to 5-6 leaves and can become seedlings.
In the step (1), the matrix in the seedling raising pot is preferably selected from the following components in a mass ratio of 2-3: 1: 1 of coconut husk: vermiculite: and (3) perlite.
In the step (1), the nutrient soil in the nutrient cup is preferably mixed by the mass ratio of 5: 1, a substrate and a compound fertilizer; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of furnace dust, 10-30 parts of sawdust, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of sphagnum peat soil and 5-10 parts of rice chaff ash. The sphagnum peat soil is further carbonized at the temperature of 200-220 ℃, so that sphagnum plants in the sphagnum peat soil are further carbonized, acetic acid solution with the mass of 1-5% of the sphagnum peat soil is added into the sphagnum peat soil while the sphagnum plants are hot, the mixture is stirred uniformly and stands for 3-5 hours, the acetic acid permeates the sphagnum peat soil at high temperature and acidolyzes the sphagnum peat soil, terpenes, flavones, aromatic compounds, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes contained in the carbonized sphagnum plants are promoted to be generated, the content of active substances in the sphagnum peat soil is increased, and then the sphagnum peat soil is mixed with other nutrient soil components to prepare the nutrient soil. The rice chaff ash in the nutrition cup contains rich potash fertilizer, the rich potash fertilizer is added into the nutrition soil, the nutrition soil is slightly alkaline, the pH value in the nutrition soil can be adjusted by adding proper rice chaff ash into the nutrition soil, and the hardening of the nutrition soil caused by adding the compound fertilizer into the nutrition soil is avoided; the wood chips can enable the nutrient soil to have fluffy property, enhance the air permeability and the water retention property of the nutrient soil, promote the respiration of a grape root system, promote the absorption of nutrient substances and accelerate the healing of a grafting opening; the bone meal can provide abundant mineral substances for the grapes, but the bone meal contains high-quality protein and fatty acid, is easy to attract pests such as ants and the like, and can erode the roots of the grapes. The sphagnum peat soil adopted by the invention is long-term accumulated water, sphagnum plants are dense, under the condition of oxygen deficiency, a large amount of insufficiently decomposed plant residues are accumulated and form soil of a peat layer, the pH value of the sphagnum peat soil is 4.0-5.0, and active ingredients such as terpenes, flavones, aromatic compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and the like contained in the sphagnum peat soil can evade ant pests in a short period, so that the bone meal is prevented from attracting the pests and the roots of grapes are prevented from being invaded. Meanwhile, sphagnum peat soil participates in adjusting the pH value of the culture soil, and the prepared culture soil has soil pH value suitable for grape growth. The grape grows at a pH of 5-7, preferably 6-6.5, and the grape grows badly at a pH lower than 5 or higher than 8. In the application, proper rice chaff ash and sphagnum peat soil are added to adjust the pH value of the nutrient soil to a proper range, so that the nutrient components between the scion and the stock, especially the synthesis and transportation of endogenous hormones and biological enzymes of the grape are facilitated during grape grafting, the healing of a grafting opening is facilitated, and the survival rate is improved.
Wherein, the diameter of the nutrition cup is 10cm, and the height is 20 cm. Of course, other specification and model numbers of the nutrition cup can be selected.
The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-5 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2-8 parts of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate.
In the step (1), the method for hardening seedlings by reducing air humidity at intervals comprises the steps of ventilating the seedbed every day and sealing the seedbed greenhouse at night.
Wherein, in the step (2), the scions are non-lignified shoots or twigs.
And (4) in the grafting in the step (3), the grafting opening of the rootstock is positioned at the part of the branch which is not lignified.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for cultivating the grape seedlings has the advantages that the rootstocks are bred by cutting the branches which are not lignified in the growing season of the grapes, the shoot buds which are not lignified are used as the scions for shoot grafting, the seedling cultivating method is simple to operate and easy to obtain materials, when the rootstocks are grafted, the grafted positions are also the rootstocks which are not lignified, the joints are quickly healed, the survival rate is up to more than 95%, the cultivating time of the rootstocks and the scions is short, only 3 months are needed for the rootstocks to be transplanted to a nursery, and compared with 6 months or even 1 year needed for conventional seedling cultivation, the seedling cultivating period is greatly shortened.
(2) The grafting interface is fixed by the clamp, is more convenient and quick to operate than the conventional plastic binding and fixing, and is easy to manage in the later period.
(3) The nutrient soil formula adopted by the invention is beneficial to the growth of grapes, is beneficial to the absorption of the grapes on nutrient substances, and can effectively promote the healing of grape grafting openings.
(4) The branch used for propagating the rootstock, the rootstock seedling and the scion are not subjected to leaf picking treatment, the leaves contain plant growth hormone and nutrient elements for promoting the growth of the grape, the healing of a grafting opening is facilitated, meanwhile, the grafting is carried out in the environment with the air humidity of more than 80 percent during grafting, the grafting is also cultured in the environment with the air humidity of more than 80 percent after grafting, sufficient moisture is provided for the healing of a grafting wound, the loss of the moisture is prevented, meanwhile, the transmission of nutrient substances between the rootstock and the scion is facilitated, the grafting survival rate is improved, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of higher survival rate without leaf picking treatment and film wrapping, and the operation is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a rootstock seedling meeting the grafting standard;
FIG. 2 shows a graft scion;
FIG. 3 shows a nursery stock after grafting with moisture retention on a nursery bed;
FIG. 4 shows grafted seedlings that are to be outplanted after being cultivated in a rainshelter for 1 month.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples and tests.
Example 1
A method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender shoots comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the rootstock: pinching when the young shoots of the stock female parent tree in the growth period grow to 7 leaves, collecting the young shoots after pinching for one week, wherein every two buds are a branch section, and are inserted into a seedling culture plate, and the mass ratio of a matrix in the seedling culture plate is 3: 1: 1 of coconut husk: vermiculite: perlite composition; placing the seedling raising tray on a seedling bed, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the air humidity at 80%, ventilating the seedling bed every day after one week, sealing the seedling bed in a greenhouse at night, reducing the air humidity to 70% for hardening seedlings, and changing the cutting seedlings to a nutrition cup with the diameter of 10cm and the height of 20cm after 5 days to be discharged from the seedling bed; transplanting the nutrition cup seedlings into a rain shelter for culture, irrigating water every day, and applying compound fertilizer 2g per plant after 5 days; grafting can be carried out after 1 month, as shown in figure 1; the nutrient soil in the nutrient cup is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 5: 1, a substrate and a compound fertilizer; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 3 parts of furnace dust, 10 parts of sawdust, 3 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of sphagnum peat soil and 10 parts of rice chaff ash;
(2) and (3) cultivating scions: collecting shoot tips of 5 leaves on the new shoot from the scion female parent tree, and using 3 unegnified sprouts and lower single-bud branch sections thereof as scions as shown in figure 2;
(3) grafting: grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, wherein a grafting opening of a stock is at a non-lignified part, 4 leaves are left on the stock to cut off a growing point, the middle position of a stem cut is vertically split by a knife, the bottom of a scion is cut into a wedge shape, and the scion is cut and then is rapidly inserted into the stock cut and then is fixed by a small clamp, as shown in figure 3; the grafting process is required to be completed quickly;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: transferring the grafted nursery stock to a seedling bed for moisturizing, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the air humidity at 80%, healing a grafting opening after one week, recovering water absorption of terminal buds, transferring the nursery stock to a rain shelter for management after 20 days of grafting, irrigating every day, and supplying 2g of compound fertilizer for each plant after 5 days; after 1 month, the scion can grow into seedlings when 6 leaves grow, as shown in figure 4.
The compound fertilizer adopted by the invention consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2 parts of urea, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of diammonium phosphate and 10 parts of dihydrogen phosphate.
Example 2
A method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender shoots comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the rootstock: pinching when the young shoots of the stock female parent tree in the growth period grow to 7 leaves, collecting the young shoots after pinching for one week, wherein every two buds are a branch section, and are inserted into a seedling culture plate, and the mass ratio of a matrix in the seedling culture plate is 2: 1: 1 of coconut husk: vermiculite: perlite composition; placing the seedling raising tray on a seedling bed, controlling the temperature at 35 ℃ and the air humidity at 82%, ventilating the seedling bed every day after one week, sealing the seedling bed in a greenhouse at night, reducing the air humidity to 70% for hardening seedlings, and changing the cutting seedlings to a nutrition cup with the diameter of 10cm and the height of 20cm after 5 days to be discharged from the seedling bed; transplanting the nutrition cup seedlings into a rain shelter for culture, irrigating water every day, and applying compound fertilizer 3g per plant 3 days later; grafting can be carried out after 1 month, as shown in figure 1; the nutrient soil in the nutrient cup is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 5: 1, a substrate and a compound fertilizer; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 4 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1 part of furnace dust, 30 parts of sawdust, 1 part of bone meal, 20 parts of sphagnum peat soil and 5 parts of rice chaff ash;
(2) and (3) cultivating scions: collecting shoot tips of 6 leaves on the new shoots from the scion female parent tree, wherein 2 leaves on the shoot tips are not lignified and the lower single shoot section is used as a scion as shown in figure 2;
(3) grafting: grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, wherein a grafting opening of a stock is at a non-lignified part, 4 leaves are left on the stock to cut off a growing point, the middle position of a stem cut is vertically split by a knife, the bottom of a scion is cut into a wedge shape, and the scion is cut and then is rapidly inserted into the stock cut and then is fixed by a small clamp, as shown in figure 3; the grafting process is required to be completed quickly;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: transferring the grafted nursery stock to a seedling bed for moisturizing, controlling the temperature at 35 ℃ and the air humidity at 81%, healing a grafting opening after one week, recovering water absorption of terminal buds, transferring the nursery stock to a rain shelter for management after 20 days of grafting, irrigating every day, and supplying 3g of compound fertilizer after 3 days; after 1 month, the scion can grow into seedlings when 5 leaves grow, as shown in figure 4.
The compound fertilizer adopted by the invention consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5 parts of urea, 1 part of monoammonium phosphate, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate and 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate.
Example 3
A method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender shoots comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the rootstock: pinching when the young shoots of the stock female parent tree in the growth period grow to 7 leaves, collecting the young shoots after pinching for one week, wherein every two buds are a branch section, and are inserted into a seedling culture plate, and the mass ratio of a matrix in the seedling culture plate is 3: 1: 1 of coconut husk: vermiculite: perlite composition; placing a seedling raising tray on a seedling bed, controlling the temperature at 30 ℃ and the air humidity at 81%, ventilating the seedling bed every day after one week, sealing the seedling bed in a greenhouse at night, reducing the air humidity to 70% for hardening seedlings, and changing the cutting seedlings to a nutrition cup with the diameter of 10cm and the height of 20cm after 5 days to be discharged from the seedling bed; transplanting the nutrition cup seedlings into a rain shelter for culture, irrigating water every day, and applying compound fertilizer 2g per plant after 4 days; grafting can be carried out after 1 month, as shown in figure 1; the nutrient soil in the nutrient cup is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 5: 1, a substrate and a compound fertilizer; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 3 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 2 parts of furnace dust, 20 parts of sawdust, 2 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of sphagnum peat soil and 8 parts of rice chaff ash;
(2) and (3) cultivating scions: collecting shoot tips of 6 leaves on the new shoots from the scion female parent tree, wherein 2 leaves on the shoot tips are not lignified and the lower single shoot section is used as a scion as shown in figure 2;
(3) grafting: grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, wherein a grafting opening of a stock is at a non-lignified part, 4 leaves are left on the stock to cut off a growing point, the middle position of a stem cut is vertically split by a knife, the bottom of a scion is cut into a wedge shape, and the scion is cut and then is rapidly inserted into the stock cut and then is fixed by a small clamp, as shown in figure 3; the grafting process is required to be completed quickly;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: transferring the grafted nursery stock to a seedling bed for moisturizing, controlling the temperature at 30 ℃ and the air humidity at 83%, healing a grafting opening after one week, beginning water absorption and recovery of terminal buds, transferring the nursery stock out of the moisturizing seedling bed after 20 days of grafting, transferring the nursery stock to a rain shelter for management, irrigating water every day, and feeding 3g of compound fertilizer once after 4 days; after 1 month, the scion can grow into seedlings when 6 leaves grow, as shown in figure 4.
The compound fertilizer adopted by the invention consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 4 parts of urea, 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate and 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate.
Control group 1
A grape grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting scions, namely collecting the scions in the morning, selecting semi-lignified green branches on grapes which are pure in variety, free of diseases and insect disasters and strong and vigorous in growth, cutting the semi-lignified green branches into single bud sections, cutting 3/4 leaves, and reserving 0.5cm leaf stalks to obtain the scions;
(2) selecting the rootstock: the vitis amurensis is selected as a rootstock in a cold area, so that the cold resistance, drought resistance and pest and disease damage capability of the vitis amurensis are improved;
(3) grafting: by adopting a cleft grafting method, the grafting healing agent is smeared around the grafting opening while the scion is grafted on the stock, and then the grafting opening is bound by a plastic film; the grafting healing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of leech extract, 1 part of compound amino acid and 2 parts of glucose; wherein the leech extract is prepared by the following method: mashing fresh leeches, adding water-saturated n-butyl alcohol, extracting at 70-80 ℃, filtering, recovering n-butyl alcohol from filtrate, and concentrating to relative density of 1.10 at 60 ℃ to obtain leech extract; the compound amino acid is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of methionine, 3 parts of lysine and 1 part of threonine; the grafting healing agent is prepared by the following method: adding the amino acid and the glucose into the leech extracting solution in sequence according to the weight part, and uniformly mixing to obtain the leech extract;
(3) planting: and (4) when the grape grafted seedlings obtained in the step (3) are planted, the grafting opening is parallel to the ground, so that the scion is prevented from rooting.
Control group 2
The grape grafting method of the control group 2 is basically the same as that of the grape grafting method of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the scion adopted by grafting is a semi-lignified green branch scion, and the grafting opening of the rootstock is at the semi-lignified part of the branch during grafting.
1. Nutrient soil cultivation test
Experimental group 1: the nutrient soil used in example 1;
experimental group 2: the nutrient soil used in example 2;
experimental group 3: the nutrient soil used in example 3;
comparative group 1: substantially the same nutrient soil as used in example 1, except that comparative group 1 did not contain rice chaff ash;
comparative group 2: essentially the same nutrient soil as used in example 1, except that comparative group 2 did not contain sphagnum peat soil;
comparative group 3: essentially the same nutrient soil as used in example 1, except that comparative group 3 did not contain wood chips.
The test method comprises the following steps: the culture soils of the test group 1 to the test group 3 and the comparative group 1 to the comparative group 3 were used to culture 50 cutting seedlings described in the step (1) in example 1, respectively, and the cutting seedlings were cultured for 1 month according to the cutting seedling management method of the step (1) in example 1. After one month, the plant height of the grape cutting seedlings and the plant stems of the plant roots are detected, and the invasion of ants to the grape roots is observed, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
| Experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 | Experimental group 3 | Comparative group 1 | Comparative group 2 | Comparative group 3 | |
| Plant height (cm) | 50±2.3 | 50±2.0 | 50±2.5 | 40±1.5 | 38±1.2 | 44±2.3 |
| Stem (cm) | 0.5±0.05 | 0.5±0.08 | 0.5±0.06 | 0.4±0.03 | 0.3±0.06 | 0.4±0.05 |
| Ant erosion situation | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is free of | Is provided with | Is free of |
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant heights and plant stems of the cuttage seedlings of the experimental groups 1 to 3 are higher than those of the comparative groups 1 to 3, which shows that the culture soil is suitable for the growth of the grape cuttage seedlings, and has the effects of promoting the growth of the grape seedlings and improving the growth vigor of the grapes. Compared with the growth situation of the cutting seedlings of the comparative group 1, the experimental group 1 shows that the nutrient soil does not contain rice chaff ash, the soil is acidic, and the potassium fertilizer is insufficient, so that the growth of the grapes is not facilitated. Compared with the growth situation of the cutting seedlings of the experimental group 1 and the comparative group 2, the growth situation of the cutting seedlings shows that the nutrition soil does not contain sphagnum peat soil, the pH value of the nutrition soil is alkaline, the grape grows badly, and the grape in the comparative group 2 is damaged by ants, so that the sphagnum peat soil added in the invention can also prevent the ant damage. Compared with the growth situation of the cutting seedlings of the experiment group 1 and the comparison group 3, the nutrition soil does not contain wood dust, has poor air permeability, is not beneficial to the respiration of the root system of the grape and the absorption of nutrient substances, and has poor grape growth potential.
2. Grafting and seedling raising test
Grafting and seedling raising are carried out according to the grape grafting and seedling raising methods provided by the examples 1 to 3 and the control group 1 and the control group 2, and the cutting seedlings of the control group 1 to the control group 3 are grafted according to the management after the scion cultivation, the grafting of the step (3) and the grafting of the step (4) provided by the step (2) of the example 1, and the survival rate and the seedling raising period of the grafting seedlings of each experimental group are as shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate of the grape grafting seedling method is improved by about 20% and 10% compared with the survival rate of the seedling method in which semi-lignified twigs of a control group 1 and a control group 2 are used as scions, and the seedling period is shortened by more than 4 months and 3 months, so that the grape grafting seedling method is high in survival rate and short in seedling period. Compared with a comparison group 1 with slightly acidic soil and a comparison group 2 with slightly alkaline soil, the survival rate of the invention is improved by about 10%, and the seedling raising period is shortened by one month respectively, which shows that the nutrient soil adopted by the invention also has the healing of a grafting opening, the survival rate is improved, and the seedling raising period is shortened.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for grafting and seedling raising of grape tender shoots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the rootstock: pinching when the young shoots of the stock female parent tree in the growing period grow to 7 leaves, collecting the young shoots after pinching for one week, cutting every two shoots into one branch section, inserting the branches into a seedling raising plate, placing the seedling raising plate on a seedling bed, controlling the temperature to be 25-35 ℃, enabling the air humidity to be more than 80%, reducing the air humidity to 70% at intervals after one week, hardening the seedlings, and changing the cutting seedlings to a nutrition cup after 5 days to be taken out of the bed; transplanting the nutrition cup seedlings into a rain shelter for culture, irrigating water every day, and applying compound fertilizer 2-3g per plant after 3-5 days; grafting can be carried out after 1 month;
(2) and (3) cultivating scions: collecting shoot tips of 2-3 leaves on the new shoots of 5-6 leaves from the scion female parent tree and taking the shoot tips and lower single shoot branches thereof as scions;
(3) grafting: grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method, leaving 4 leaves on the stock to cut off growing points, vertically splitting the middle position of a stem cut by using a knife, cutting the bottom of a scion into a wedge shape, quickly inserting the scion into the stock cut after being cut, and fixing the scion by using a small clamp; the grafting process is required to be completed quickly;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: transferring the grafted nursery stocks to a seedling bed for moisturizing, controlling the temperature to be 25-35 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be more than 80%, enabling grafting openings to heal after one week, enabling terminal buds to absorb water for recovery, transferring the nursery stocks out of the moisturizing seedling bed after 20 days of grafting, transferring the nursery stocks to a rain shelter for management, irrigating water every day, and supplying 2-3g of compound fertilizer to each plant after 3-5 days; after 1 month, the scion can grow to 5-6 leaves and can become seedlings.
2. The method for grape tender bud grafting seedling culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the matrix in the seedling culture pot is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 2-3: 1: 1 of coconut husk: vermiculite: and (3) perlite.
3. The method for grape tender bud grafting seedling culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the nutrient soil in the nutrient cup is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 5: 1, a substrate and a compound fertilizer; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1-3 parts of furnace dust, 10-30 parts of sawdust, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of sphagnum peat soil and 5-10 parts of rice chaff ash.
4. The method for grape tender bud grafting seedling culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrition cup is 10cm in diameter and 20cm in height.
5. The grape tender bud grafting seedling method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-5 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2-8 parts of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate.
6. The method for grafting and seedling raising of the grape tender shoots as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the method for exercising seedlings by reducing air humidity at intervals is to ventilate the seedbed every day and seal the seedbed greenhouse at night.
7. The method for grape tender bud grafting seedling culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2) of culturing the scion, the scion is a tender bud or branch which is not lignified.
8. The method for grape tender bud grafting seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein in the grafting in the step (3), the grafting opening of the rootstock is at a part of the branch which is not lignified.
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