CN110872123A - 一种无机多孔材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AMVQGJHFDJVOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O AMVQGJHFDJVOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多孔无机材料的制备方法,通过将偶联剂溶液浸泡的活性碳纤维作为介孔模板剂引入分子筛的制备过程中制备溶胶,干燥箱中干燥过夜得干凝胶,然后置于密闭反应釜中部,反应釜底部加入水,密闭反应,得固体产物,清洗、干燥、焙烧得无机多孔材料,极大程度上提高了分子筛的比表面积,同时赋予其微孔、介孔、大孔的多级孔结构,克服了分子筛具有单一的微孔孔道不利于大分子中间体和反应产物的扩散的技术问题,极大的提高了分子筛的催化性能和稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无机材料技术领域,具体涉及一种无机多孔材料的制备方法。
背景技术
HZSM-5分子筛是上世纪70年代由Mobil公司开发的一种具有广泛用途的微孔分子筛。由于HZSM-5分子筛具有良好的热稳定性、较高的比表面积和适宜的酸强度等特点,因而受到了学术界和企业界的广泛青睐。但是,HZSM-5分子筛单一的微孔孔道不利于大分子中间体和反应产物的扩散,容易导致高分子聚合物等大分子产物长时间滞留于分子筛孔道中,从而引起催化剂结焦失活。
活性碳纤维的纤维直径为5-20μm,比表面积平均在1000-3000m2/g左右,平均孔径在1.0-4.0nm,微孔均匀分布于纤维表面。与活性炭相比,活性碳纤维微孔孔径小而均匀,结构简单,对于小分子物质吸附速率快,吸附速度高,容易解吸附。与被吸附物的接触面积大,且可以均匀接触与吸附,使吸附材料得以充分利用。吸附效率高,且具有纤维、毡、布和纸等各种纤细的表态,孔隙直接开口在纤维表面,其吸附质到达吸附位的扩散路径短,且本身的外表面积较内表面积高出两个数量级。活性炭纤维虽然具有以上的优点,但在水质净化、空气净化、废气(水)治理等应用吸附饱和后无法继续工作。一般的处理方法为再生或者更换原材料。这样会造成使用上的不便以及使用成本的大幅上升。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种无机多孔材料的制备方法,结合活性碳纤维和HZSM-5分子筛各自的优势,制备一种以活性炭纤维/分子筛复合无机多孔材料。
本发明所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将活性碳纤维进行干燥后置于偶联剂溶液中浸泡,取出、干燥;
(2)铝源溶于微孔结构导向剂,加入去离子水,室温搅拌溶解,然后添加硅源,加入步骤(1)制得的活性碳纤维,得混合溶胶;
(3)将混合溶胶转移至鼓风干燥箱中,干燥过夜,得干凝胶;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的干凝胶置于密闭反应釜中部,并在反应釜底部加入水,密闭反应,得固体产物清洗、干燥、焙烧得无机多孔材料。
优选的,步骤(1):活性碳纤维在60-100℃下干燥至含水量小于0.3%后置于偶联剂溶液中浸泡5-10min后取出,再次100-200℃干燥3-5h;
优选的,步骤(1)所述偶联剂溶液为溶解有25-30份硅烷偶联剂和3-8份改性有机硅化合物的醇类或酯溶液;
优选的,步骤(2)所述的铝源为异丙醇铝、九水合硝酸铝或十八水硫酸铝,微孔结构导向剂为四丙基氢氧化铵或四丙基溴化铵,硅源为正硅酸四乙酯、硅溶胶或气相二氧化硅;
优选的,步骤(2)所述铝源、硅源、微孔结构导向剂、水的摩尔比为(0.01~0.08)∶1∶(0.1~0.5)∶(5~50),其中铝源摩尔数以Al2O3计、硅源摩尔数以SiO2计;
优选的,步骤(2)活性碳纤维的加入量为(15-25)g/100mL;
优选的,步骤(3)所述干燥温度为70-100℃;
优选的,步骤(4)所述密闭反应温度150-200℃,反应时间48-96h,干燥温度100-120℃,干燥时间8-16h,焙烧温度500-600℃,焙烧时间4-12h。
本发明的技术方案之二,上述无机多孔材料的制备方法所制备的无机多孔材料。
本发明的技术方案之三,上述无机多孔材料在催化剂、吸附剂方面的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明取得了以下有益效果:
(1)活性碳纤维具有极大的比表面积,通过将活性碳纤维作为介孔模板剂引入分子筛的制备过程中,为分子筛结晶提供更多的路径和基体的结合位点,分子筛在碳纤维载体上交叉结晶,并均匀分布,从而形成具有多级孔结构的碳纤维/沸石多孔材料,多孔结构由微孔、介孔和大孔组成,避免了由于HZSM-5分子筛单一的微孔孔道不利于大分子中间体和反应产物的扩散,容易导致高分子聚合物等大分子产物长时间滞留于分子筛孔道中,从而引起催化剂结焦失活的技术问题,在很大程度上提高了分子筛的催化活性和稳定性。
(2)通过将干凝胶置于密闭反应釜中,并在下部加入一定量水,制备分子筛,在晶化阶段,反应釜底部微量外加水所产生的水蒸气与干凝胶相互作用,促使晶化过程的进行,从而使整个过程几乎不产生任何废液,大大减少了传统水热法制备分子筛的废液生成量。
(3)干凝胶向分子筛转化过程中,存在“纳米柯肯达尔效应”,因此,只需单一模板剂便可在常规微孔分子筛中引入介孔结构。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
(1)取活性碳纤维在微波真空干燥机中60℃干燥至含水量小于0.3%后置于由25重量份的硅烷偶联剂、8重量份的改性有机硅化合物和67重量份的甲醇混合制得的偶联剂溶液中浸泡5min,取出,再次置于微波真空干燥机中100℃干燥3h,备用。
(2)将1.0g异丙醇铝溶于24.80g四丙基氢氧化铵(质量分数25w%)中,加入36.30g去离子水,搅拌2h,然后,逐滴加入25.42g正硅酸四乙酯,室温搅拌3h,后搅拌条件下加入步骤(1)制备的活性碳纤维8g继续搅拌均匀得混合溶胶。
(3)将混合溶胶转移至鼓风干燥箱中,80℃干燥过夜,得干凝胶。
(4)将步骤(3)制备的干凝胶置于密闭反应釜中部(反应釜中部配有多孔金属铁网,用于放置干凝胶),并在反应釜底部加入水,150℃密闭反应48h,得固体产物清洗、120℃干燥12h、500℃焙烧8h得无机多孔材料。经检测,比表面积为在2325.2-2685.4m2/g之间,并且具有0.2-2nm的微孔和由于颗粒堆积造成的2-50nm的介孔以及50-100nm的大孔结构。
实施例2
(1)将1.0g异丙醇铝溶于24.80g四丙基氢氧化铵(质量分数25w%)中,加入36.30g去离子水,搅拌2h,然后,逐滴加入25.42g正硅酸四乙酯,室温搅拌3h,得混合溶胶。
(2)将混合溶胶转移至鼓风干燥箱中,80℃干燥过夜,得干凝胶。
(3)将步骤(3)制备的干凝胶置于密闭反应釜中部(反应釜中部配有多孔金属铁网,用于放置干凝胶),并在反应釜底部加入水,150℃密闭反应48h,得固体产物清洗、120℃干燥12h、500℃焙烧8h得无机多孔材料。经检测,比表面积为615.7-782.6m2/g之间,孔径介于0.2-20nm之间。
实施例3
(1)取活性碳纤维在微波真空干燥机中60℃干燥至含水量小于0.3%备用。
(2)将1.0g异丙醇铝溶于24.80g四丙基氢氧化铵(质量分数25w%)中,加入36.30g去离子水,搅拌2h,然后,逐滴加入25.42g正硅酸四乙酯,室温搅拌3h,后搅拌条件下加入步骤(1)制备的活性碳纤维8g继续搅拌均匀得混合溶胶。
(3)将混合溶胶转移至鼓风干燥箱中,80℃干燥过夜,得干凝胶。
(4)将步骤(3)制备的干凝胶置于密闭反应釜中部(反应釜中部配有多孔金属铁网,用于放置干凝胶),并在反应釜底部加入水,150℃密闭反应48h,得固体产物清洗、120℃干燥12h、500℃焙烧8h得无机多孔材料。经检测,比表面积为1535.8-1726.9m2/g之间,孔径介于0.2-50nm之间。
实施例4
(1)取活性碳纤维在微波真空干燥机中60℃干燥至含水量小于0.3%后置于由25重量份的硅烷偶联剂、8重量份的改性有机硅化合物和67重量份的甲醇混合制得的偶联剂溶液中浸泡5min,取出,再次置于微波真空干燥机中100℃干燥3h,备用。
(2)将1.0g异丙醇铝溶于24.80g四丙基氢氧化铵(25w%)中,加入36.30g去离子水,搅拌2h,然后,逐滴加入25.42g正硅酸四乙酯,室温搅拌3h,后搅拌条件下加入步骤(1)制备的活性碳纤维8g继续搅拌均匀得混合溶胶。
(3)将混合凝胶直接置于密闭反应釜中150℃密闭反应48h,得固体产物清洗、120℃干燥12h、500℃焙烧8h得无机多孔材料。经检测,比表面积为1210.4-1426.8m2/g之间,孔径介于0.2-50nm之间。
综上可得,活性炭纤维的引入,赋予了分子筛微孔、介孔多级孔径结构,而由于实施例1制备的无机多孔材料具有丰富的微孔、介孔以及少量的大孔的多级孔结构,从而具有较实施例2-4更大的比表面积,同时,偶联剂的存在也在很大程度上促进了分子筛在活性碳纤维上的生长和结晶趋势,使其具有更大孔道和多孔结构。
Claims (10)
1.一种无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
(1)将活性碳纤维进行干燥后置于偶联剂溶液中浸泡,取出、干燥;
(2)铝源溶于微孔结构导向剂,加入去离子水,室温搅拌溶解,然后添加硅源,加入步骤(1)制得的活性碳纤维,得混合溶胶;
(3)将混合溶胶转移至鼓风干燥箱中,干燥过夜,得干凝胶;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的干凝胶置于密闭反应釜中部,并在反应釜底部加入水,密闭反应,得固体产物,清洗、干燥、焙烧得无机多孔材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1):活性碳纤维在60-100℃下干燥至含水量小于0.3%后置于偶联剂溶液中浸泡5-10min后取出,再次100-200℃干燥3-5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述偶联剂溶液为溶解有25-30份硅烷偶联剂和3-8份改性有机硅化合物的醇类或酯溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的铝源为异丙醇铝、九水合硝酸铝或十八水硫酸铝,微孔结构导向剂为四丙基氢氧化铵或四丙基溴化铵,硅源为正硅酸四乙酯、硅溶胶或气相二氧化硅。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述铝源、硅源、微孔结构导向剂、水的摩尔比为(0.01~0.08)∶1∶(0.1~0.5)∶(5~50),其中铝源摩尔数以Al2O3计、硅源摩尔数以SiO2计。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)活性碳纤维的加入量为(15-25)g/100mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述干燥温度为70-100℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无机多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述密闭反应温度150-200℃,反应时间48-96h,干燥温度100-120℃,干燥时间8-16h,焙烧温度500-600℃,焙烧时间4-12h。
9.一种如权利要求1-8所述的制备方法所制备的无机多孔材料。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的无机多孔材料在催化剂、吸附剂方面的应用。
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