CN110857026A - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110857026A
CN110857026A CN201910524675.9A CN201910524675A CN110857026A CN 110857026 A CN110857026 A CN 110857026A CN 201910524675 A CN201910524675 A CN 201910524675A CN 110857026 A CN110857026 A CN 110857026A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
engine
electric motor
shaft
motor
torque
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Pending
Application number
CN201910524675.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
葉畑阳平
桑原清二
伊地知彬
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication of CN110857026A publication Critical patent/CN110857026A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B60K17/24Arrangements of mountings for shafting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/06Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members with chains
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种混合动力车辆,包括:在车身的前侧纵置的发动机;第一电动机;后轮,所述发动机和所述第一电动机的输出转矩传递至所述后轮以产生驱动力;第二电动机;以及前轮,所述第二电动机的输出转矩传递至所述前轮以产生驱动力。所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机二者与所述发动机和自动变速器同轴地布置在所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间。设置有增加或减小所述前轮的所述驱动力的动力传递机构。所述第二电动机联接至所述动力传递机构,而没有联接至所述发动机和所述自动变速器。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆,所述混合动力车辆装备有作为驱动力源的发动机以及具有发电功能的电动机,并且能够由前轮和后轮驱动来行驶。
背景技术
日本专利申请公开第2016-2772号(JP 2016-2772 A)描述了涉及混合动力车辆的发明,所述混合动力车辆装备有作为驱动力源的发动机和电动机。JP 2016-2772 A中描述的混合动力车辆包括:驱动后轮的发动机和后驱动电动机;驱动前轮的前驱动电动机;通过使用发动机的输出而发电的发电电动机;以及经由传动轴、差速器等联接至后轮的自动变速器。发动机以曲轴的旋转轴线的方向沿着车辆的前后方向定向的所谓的纵置布置在车辆的前侧。后驱动电动机和自动变速器与发动机同轴地布置。前驱动电动机在车辆宽度方向上平行于发动机而布置在发动机的进气侧,并且经由输出动力传递机构联接至前轮。
发明内容
如上所述,在JP 2016-2772 A中描述的混合动力车辆中,后轮由纵置的发动机和与发动机同轴布置的后驱动电动机驱动,而前轮由与发动机平行布置的前驱动电动机驱动。因此,JP 2016-2772 A中描述的混合动力车辆为电动四轮驱动(4WD)或者全轮驱动(AWD)车辆,所述电动四轮驱动或者全轮驱动车辆在具有在车辆的前侧纵置的发动机以及后驱动电动机的后轮驱动(FR)车辆的基础上将用于驱动前轮的前驱动电动机合并到FR车辆中。JP 2016-2772 A中描述的混合动力车辆具有经由输出动力传递机构(变速驱动桥)而联接至前驱动轴的前驱动电动机,并且因此相比于JP 2016-2772A的图2所示的传统的电动混合动力4WD车辆不需要用于将动力传递至前轮的分动器和传动轴。提及了JP 2016-2772A中描述的混合动力车辆(示出在JP 2016-2772 A的图1中)由此能够减小添加前驱动电动机对车辆地板下方的布局或者发动机排气管的布局的影响。
虽然JP 2016-2772 A中描述的混合动力车辆能够如上所述地消除对用于前轮的分动器和传动轴的需要,但变速驱动桥需要被另外设置在前驱动电动机与前驱动轴之间的联接部处。而且,需要确保将前驱动电动机布置在发动机与前轮之间的空间。因此,为了基于现有的FR车辆构造JP 2016-2772 A中描述的混合动力车辆,需要在很大程度上改变现有的车身的结构和布局。这牵涉设计改变、另外的设备投资等,这些将会增加成本。
在JP 2016-2772 A中描述的混合动力车辆中,前驱动电动机和动力传递机构在车辆宽度方向上与发动机相邻布置。由于这使车辆的前侧比后侧重,所以车辆的重心的位置从车辆前后方向中心部朝向前侧偏移。结果,可能不利地影响车辆的运行稳定性、转向特性等。
本发明提供一种混合动力车辆,通过对现有的FR车辆或者以FR车辆为基础的四轮驱动车辆的车身结构或布局做出尽可能少的改变,所述混合动力车辆使用发动机和两个电动机作为驱动力源来驱动前轮和后轮二者。
本发明是一种混合动力车辆,包括:发动机,其以曲轴的旋转轴线的方向沿着车身的前后方向定向的纵置布置在所述车身的前侧;自动变速器,其与所述发动机同轴地布置并且增加或减小由所述发动机输出的发动机转矩;第一电动机,其通过由所述发动机转矩驱动而用于发电;后轮,所述发动机转矩和由所述第一电动机输出的第一电动机转矩中的至少一个传递至所述后轮,从而产生驱动力;第二电动机,其输出第二电动机转矩;以及前轮,所述第二电动机转矩传递至所述前轮,从而产生驱动力。所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机二者,与所述发动机和所述自动变速器同轴地布置在所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间。所述第一电动机联接至所述发动机。设置有增加或减小所述前轮的所述驱动力的动力传递机构。所述第二电动机联接至所述动力传递机构而没有联接至所述发动机和所述自动变速器。
在本发明中,在所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间可以设置起动机离合器,所述起动机离合器允许或中断所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间的转矩传递。
在本发明中,所述自动变速器可以具有允许或中断所述自动变速器的输入轴与输出轴之间的转矩传递的离合器机构。
在本发明中,所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机在所述前后方向上从更靠近所述发动机的一侧起可以以所述第二电动机、所述第一电动机的顺序布置。
在本发明中,可以在前轮侧驱动系统的所述第二电动机与所述前轮之前设置变速机构,所述变速机构改变所述第二电动机转矩并且随后将所述第二电动机转矩传递至前轮侧。
在本发明中,所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机的最大外径可以彼此不同。所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机在所述前后方向上从更靠近所述发动机的一侧起,可以以所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机中的具有较大最大外径的一个电动机、具有较小最大外径的另一个电动机的顺序布置。
在本发明中,所述动力传递机构可以具有以两级放大所述第二电动机转矩的链条减速机构。所述链条减速机构可以具有第一链条减速轴、第二链条减速轴以及第三链条减速轴,所述第一链条减速轴与所述第二电动机的旋转轴一体地旋转,所述第二链条减速轴具有比所述第一链条减速轴低的转速,所述第三链条减速轴具有比所述第二链条减速轴低的转速。所述第二链条减速轴和所述第三链条减速轴在所述车身的宽度方向上可以布置在所述曲轴的所述旋转轴线的相反侧。
在本发明中,所述动力传递机构可以具有以两级放大所述第二电动机转矩的减速机构。所述减速机构可以具有第一减速轴、第二减速轴以及第三减速轴,所述第一减速轴与所述第二电动机的旋转轴一体地旋转,所述第二减速轴具有比所述第一减速轴低的转速,所述第三减速轴具有比所述第二减速轴低的转速。所述第三减速轴可以联接至第四减速轴以便能够传递动力,所述第四减速轴经由联接至所述前轮的前轮侧差速器将转矩传递至所述前轮。
在本发明中,所述发动机可以为具有沿所述曲轴的所述旋转轴线的所述方向布置在一排中的多个气缸的直列式发动机。所述发动机可以具有进气侧和排气侧,进气系统连接至所述进气侧,所述排气侧为所述进气侧在所述车身的宽度方向上的相反侧,并且排气系统连接至所述排气侧。所述动力传递机构可以具有前轮侧差速器和前轮侧传动轴,所述前轮侧差速器联接至所述前轮,所述前轮侧传动轴在所述第二电动机与所述前轮侧差速器之间传递转矩。在所述前轮侧传动轴的旋转轴线的方向沿着所述前后方向定向的情况下,所述前轮侧传动轴可以在所述宽度方向上布置在所述进气侧。
附图说明
将在下文中参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、益处以及技术和工业方面的重要性,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,并且其中:
图1为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的示例(第二电动机布置在前侧而第一电动机布置在后侧的构造)的视图;
图2为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的另一个示例(安装有直列式发动机的构造)的视图;
图3为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的另一个示例(第二电动机布置在前侧而第一电动机布置在后侧,并且起动机离合器布置在第一电动机的径向内侧的构造)的视图;
图4为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的另一个示例(第二电动机布置在前侧而第一电动机布置在后侧,并且第二电动机与前轮之间的动力传递机构更靠近前轮地布置的构造)的视图;
图5为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的另一个示例(大直径的第一电动机布置在前侧而小直径的第二电动机布置在后侧,并且起动机离合器布置在第一电动机的径向内侧的构造)的视图;
图6为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的另一个示例(第一电动机布置在前侧而第二电动机布置在后侧,并且布置在第二电动机的输出侧的自动变速器的离合器机构用作起动机离合器的构造)的视图;
图7为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的另一个示例(第一电动机布置在前侧而第二电动机布置在后侧,并且二级链条减速机构设置在第二电动机与前轮之间的构造)的视图;
图8为从车辆前侧观看图7所示的构造的视图,示出链条减速机构的旋转轴之间的位置关系;
图9为示出作为本发明的主题的混合动力车辆的另一个示例(第一电动机布置在前侧而第二电动机布置在后侧,并且四轴减速机构设置在第二电动机与前轮之间的构造)的视图;以及
图10为从车辆前侧观看图9所示的构造的视图,示出四轴减速机构的旋转轴之间的位置关系。
具体实施方式
将参照附图描述本发明的实施例。下文中示出的实施例仅仅是实施本发明的示例,并且因此不对本发明构成限制。
作为本发明的实施例的主题的车辆为具有作为驱动力源的发动机以及第一电动机和第二电动机的混合动力车辆。发动机和第一电动机联接至后轮,以便能够传递动力。第一电动机布置在发动机的输出侧,而且通过接收由发动机输出的发动机转矩并且被由发动机输出的发动机转矩驱动而用来发电。第二电动机联接至前轮,以便能够传递动力。因此,本发明的实施例中的混合动力车辆为能够由前轮和后轮二者产生驱动力的四轮驱动(4WD)或全轮驱动(AWD)车辆。第二电动机没有联接至发动机、第一电动机以及后轮,并且不向发动机、第一电动机以及后轮传递转矩。
本发明的实施例中的混合动力车辆的全部驱动力源,即,发动机、第一电动机以及第二电动机,同轴布置。发动机以曲轴的旋转轴线的方向沿着车辆的前后方向定向的所谓的纵置布置在车辆的前侧。因此,本发明的实施例中的混合动力车辆能够通过变换或者改变后轮驱动车辆(FR车辆)、基于这样的FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆或者其他车辆的现有的车身结构或布局而构造,所述后轮驱动车辆具有以纵置布置在车辆的前侧的发动机,并且所述后轮驱动车辆的后轮被驱动。
图1示出了本发明的实施例中的混合动力车辆的具体示例。图1所示的混合动力车辆(在下文中称作车辆)Ve具有作为驱动力源的发动机(ENG)1、第一电动机(MG1)2以及第二电动机(MG2)3。车辆Ve具有作为其他主要部件的后轮(驱动轮)4、前轮(驱动轮)5、自动变速器(AT)6以及起动机离合器7。
例如,发动机1为诸如汽油发动机或柴油发动机的内燃机,并且构造为使得电气地控制输出的调节以及包括起动和停止的操作状态。在汽油发动机的情况下,电气地控制节流阀开度、燃料供给量或燃料喷射量、点火的执行和停止、点火正时等。在柴油发动机的情况下,电气地控制燃料喷射量、燃料喷射正时、排气再循环(EGR)系统中的节流阀开度等。如上所述,发动机1以曲轴(或输出轴)1a的旋转轴线AL的方向沿着车辆Ve的前后方向(图1中的左右方向)定向的所谓的纵置布置。
能够采用具有不同的气缸布置的各种发动机(例如,直列式发动机、V型发动机以及水平对置发动机)作为发动机1。图1示出了使用V型发动机作为发动机1的示例。图2示出了使用直列式发动机作为发动机1的示例。在图2所示的示例中,发动机1具有多个气缸1b。气缸1b沿曲轴1a的旋转轴线AL的方向布置在一排中。如图2所示,尤其是当直列式发动机被用作发动机1时,发动机1包括连同燃料一起向发动机1的燃烧室(未示出)供给空气的进气系统1c,以及将由燃烧产生的排气排出的排气系统1d。进气系统1c连接至发动机1的进气侧1e,所述进气侧1e为发动机1的车身的宽度方向上的一侧(图2中的下侧)的侧部。排气系统1d连接至发动机1的排气侧1f,所述排气侧1f为发动机1的车身的宽度方向上的另一侧(图2中的上侧)的侧部。因此,在图2所示的直列式发动机的示例中,发动机1具有进气侧1e和排气侧1f,进气系统1c连接至所述进气侧1e,所述排气侧1f位于进气侧1e在车身的宽度方向上的相反侧,并且排气系统1d连接至所述排气侧1f。
第一电动机2与发动机1同轴地布置在发动机1的输出侧(图1和图2中的右侧)。第一电动机2至少用作通过接收由发动机1输出的发动机转矩并且被由发动机1输出的发动机转矩驱动而发电的发电机。在本发明的实施例的车辆Ve中,第一电动机2也用作通过供给有电力并且被电力驱动而输出电动机转矩(第一电动机转矩)的原动机。因此,第一电动机2为具有发电功能的电动机(所谓的电动发电机),并且例如由永磁同步电动机或者感应电动机形成。电池(未示出)经由逆变器(未示出)连接至第一电动机2。因此能够将第一电动机2作为发电机驱动并且将在此时产生的电力存储在电池中。同样能够将存储在电池中的电力供给至第一电动机2,并且将第一电动机2作为原动机驱动以输出电动机转矩。
第二电动机3与发动机1和第一电动机2同轴地布置在发动机1的输出侧。在图1和图2所示的示例中,第二电动机3和第一电动机2从接近发动机1的那侧(图1和图2中的左侧)起以第二电动机3、第一电动机2的顺序布置在发动机1的旋转轴线(即,旋转轴线AL)上。第二电动机3至少用作通过供给有电力并且被电力驱动而输出电动机转矩(第二电动机转矩)的原动机。在根据本发明的实施例的车辆Ve中,第二电动机3也用作通过接收来自外部的转矩并且被来自外部的转矩驱动而发电的发电机。因此,与第一电动机2相同,第二电动机3为具有发电功能的电动机(所谓的电动发电机),并且例如由永磁同步电动机或者感应电动机形成。电池(未示出)经由逆变器(未示出)连接至第二电动机3。因此能够将存储在电池中的电力供给至第二电动机3并且将第二电动机3作为原动机驱动以输出电动机转矩。如稍后将描述的,第二电动机3联接至前轮5,以便能够传递动力。因此还能够通过从前轮5传递的转矩将第二电动机3作为发电机驱动,并且将在此时产生的电力存储在电池中。第一电动机2和第二电动机3经由逆变器彼此连接,以便能够彼此交换电力。例如还能够将第一电动机2产生的电力直接供给至第二电动机3并且由第二电动机3输出电动机转矩。
后轮4为驱动轮,由驱动力源输出的驱动转矩传递至所述驱动轮以产生车辆Ve的驱动力。在图1和图2所示的示例中,后轮4经由稍后描述的自动变速器6和起动机离合器7,并且经由后传动轴8、后差速器9以及后驱动轴10而联接至发动机1和第一电动机2。
与后轮4相同,前轮5为驱动轮,由驱动力源输出的驱动转矩传递至所述驱动轮以产生车辆Ve的驱动力。在图1和图2所示的示例中,前轮5经由稍后描述的动力传递机构11、前传动轴12、前差速器13以及前驱动轴14而联接至第二电动机3。因此,车辆Ve为四轮驱动车辆或者全轮驱动车辆,其中驱动转矩传递至前轮5和后轮4二者以产生驱动力。
自动变速器6与发动机1和第一电动机2同轴地布置在发动机1的输出侧。在图1和图2所示的示例中,自动变速器6在旋转轴线AL上布置在第一电动机2的输出侧(图1和图2中的右侧),并且在一侧的发动机1和第一电动机2与另一侧的后轮4之间传递转矩。简言之,自动变速器6为能够适当地改变输入转速与输出转速的比例的机构,并且由诸如传统的自动变速器或者无级变速器的能够自动控制的变速器形成。更优选地,自动变速器6包括离合器机构,所述离合器机构被接合以允许转矩传递,所述离合器机构被断开以中断转矩传递并且设定空档状态。
起动机离合器7与发动机1和第一电动机2同轴地布置在发动机1的输出侧。在图1和图2所示的示例中,起动机离合器7在旋转轴线AL上布置在第一电动机2与自动变速器6之间。起动机离合器7通过位于一侧的发动机1和第一电动机2与另一侧的后轮4之间的后轮侧驱动系统15而选择性地允许或中断动力传递。在图1和图2所示的示例中,起动机离合器7具有摩擦盘7a和摩擦盘7b,所述摩擦盘7a联接至发动机1和第一电动机2那侧的旋转构件,所述摩擦盘7b联接至后轮4那侧的旋转构件。当起动机离合器7的摩擦盘7a和摩擦盘7b彼此接合时,由后轮侧驱动系统15传递转矩。随着起动机离合器7断开,发动机1和第一电动机2与后轮侧驱动系统15脱离。随着起动机离合器7接合,发动机1和第一电动机2联接至后轮侧驱动系统15。
起动机离合器7的摩擦盘7a联接至第一电动机2的旋转轴2a。旋转轴2a经由缓冲器16而联接至发动机1的输出轴(曲轴)1a。因此,发动机1的输出轴1a、第一电动机2的旋转轴2a以及起动机离合器7的摩擦盘7a联接在一起。
另一方面,起动机离合器7的摩擦盘7b联接至自动变速器6的输入轴6a。自动变速器6的输出轴6b经由后传动轴8、后差速器9以及后驱动轴10联接至后轮4。因此,起动机离合器7的摩擦盘7b和后轮4经由自动变速器6联接在一起,以便能够传递动力。
虽然未在图1和图2中示出,但本发明的实施例中的起动机离合器7也能够由多盘式离合器形成,所述多盘式离合器具有多个摩擦盘7a和多个摩擦盘7b,并且摩擦盘7a和摩擦盘7b在所述多盘式离合器中交替布置。简言之,例如,扭矩传递容量能够连续变化的摩擦式离合器被用作本发明的实施例中的起动机离合器7。当向后轮4传递发动机1的发动机转矩时,通过控制起动机离合器7的接合状态并且使起动机离合器7的扭矩传递容量连续变化,能够平稳地传递动力。或者能够平稳地起动车辆Ve。
在本发明的实施例的车辆Ve中,如上所述,发动机1和第一电动机2在后轮侧驱动系统15中联接在一起。这使得能够不使用起动机离合器7而由发动机1的发动机转矩起动车辆Ve或者平稳地传递动力。例如,当向后轮4传递发动机转矩时,通过控制以便由第一电动机增加或减小发动机转矩,能够不使用起动机离合器7而起动车辆Ve或平稳地传递动力。然而,当车辆通过发动机转矩以大约每小时1km至每小时3km的极低的速度稳定地行驶时,在发动机1的怠速与轮速之间产生转速差。在这样的情况下,起动机离合器7能够被用于吸收转速差并且由此允许更平稳的动力传递。
在本发明的实施例的车辆Ve中,如上所述,第二电动机3在驱动力源的旋转轴线AL上布置在发动机1与第一电动机2之间。第二电动机3在车辆Ve的前轮5那侧联接至驱动系统,使得由第二电动机3输出的电动机转矩能够被传递至前轮5,从而生成驱动力。第二电动机3没有联接至发动机1、第一电动机2以及后轮4,并且不向发动机1、第一电动机2以及后轮4传递动力。在图1和图2所示的示例中,第二电动机3的旋转轴3a形成为空心轴,而发动机1的输出轴1a插入旋转轴3a的空心部分,以便能够相对于旋转轴3a旋转。因此,第二电动机3与发动机1和第一电动机2同轴地布置在旋转轴线AL上。另一方面,第二电动机3从一侧的发动机1和第一电动机2与另一侧的后轮4之间的后轮侧驱动系统15脱离,并且不向发动机1、第一电动机2以及后轮4传递动力。
第二电动机3的旋转轴3a经由动力传递机构11、前传动轴12、前差速器13以及前驱动轴14而联接至前轮5。由第二电动机3输出的电动机转矩在被动力传递机构11和前差速器13放大之后传递至前轮5。因此,第二电动机3连同动力传递机构11、前传动轴12、前差速器13、前驱动轴14等一起组成在第二电动机3与前轮5之间传递动力的前轮侧驱动系统17的一部分。前轮侧驱动系统17独立于后轮侧驱动系统15。
在发动机1关闭的情况下,车辆Ve能够通过将由第二电动机3输出的电动机转矩传递至前轮5而生成驱动力。在起动机离合器7断开的情况下,还能够通过操作发动机1并且由发动机转矩驱动第一电动机2而发电,以及能够通过将第二电动机3的电动机转矩传递至前轮5而生成驱动力。而且,在起动机离合器7接合的情况下,还能够通过操作发动机1并且将发动机转矩传递至后轮4以及通过将第二电动机3的电动机转矩传递至前轮5而生成驱动力。
动力传递机构11为改变由第二电动机3输出的电动机转矩并且随后将电动机转矩传递至前传动轴12的变速机构。例如,动力传递机构11由减速齿轮对形成。可替代地,动力传递机构11能够由结合了多个减速齿轮对的减速机构形成。在图1和图2所示的示例中,由链条动力传递机构、多个减速齿轮对、切换离合器等组成并且以两级改变速度的减速机构被用作动力传递机构11。
如上所述,在本发明的实施例的车辆Ve中,第一电动机2与第二电动机3二者与在车辆Ve的前侧纵置的发动机1同轴地布置。因此,能够以高效率将电动机安装在现有的FR车辆或者基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中。
在使用图2所示的直列式发动机的车辆Ve中,如上所述,纵置的发动机1的进气系统1c和排气系统1d分别连接至发动机1的在车身的宽度方向上的进气侧1e和排气侧1f。在发动机1的车身宽度方向上的进气侧1e,前轮侧驱动系统17的前传动轴12邻近发动机1布置。因此,能够通过有效地使用包括排气管和催化剂的排气系统1d的相反侧的进气侧1e周围的空间来布置前传动轴12和前轮侧驱动系统17,以便避免与排气系统1d的干涉。尤其是能够以更高的效率安装前轮侧驱动系统17而没有对现有车辆的车身结构或布局进行大的改变。
在图1和图2所示的车辆Ve中,第二电动机3沿车辆Ve的前后方向更靠近发动机1地布置。发动机1以纵置布置在车辆Ve的前侧(图1和图2中的左侧)。换言之,相比于第二电动机3例如布置在第一电动机2的输出侧时,第二电动机3沿车辆Ve的前后方向更靠近前轮5地布置。因此,在图1和图2所示的车辆Ve中,能够减小前轮侧驱动系统17中的第二电动机3与前轮5之间的距离。例如,能够减小前轮侧驱动系统17中的前传动轴12的长度。随着前传动轴12缩短,能够减小驱动单元的尺寸和重量。而且,缩短前传动轴12能够提高包括前传动轴12的旋转与振动系统的固有频率。结果,例如,能够减小正常行驶期间(巡航或定速行驶期间)的前轮侧驱动系统17的共振,并且能够改进车辆Ve的NV性能。另外,能够减小动力传递期间的前传动轴12的扭曲量。结果,能够改进前轮侧驱动系统17中的驱动力的响应性。
本发明的实施例中的车辆Ve的构造并不限于图1和图2所示的构造。例如,还能够采用在下文中描述的图3至图10所示的构造。在这些附图所示的车辆Ve中,具有与图1或图2所示的车辆Ve或者任何一个前面的附图所示的车辆Ve相同的构造或功能的部件,将由与图1或图2或者前面的附图相同的附图标记表示。
在图3所示的车辆Ve中,起动机离合器7布置在第一电动机2的径向内部。具体地,在图3所示的示例中,第一电动机2的旋转轴2b具有空心的形状,并且起动机离合器7布置在旋转轴2b的空心部内。起动机离合器7的摩擦盘7a联接至旋转轴2b的更靠近第二电动机3的那侧(图3的左侧)的端部2c。如上所述,起动机离合器7的摩擦盘7b联接至自动变速器6的输入轴6a。输入轴6a插入旋转轴2b的空心部,以便能够相对于旋转轴2b旋转。因此,在旋转轴线AL上,起动机离合器7与发动机1、第一电动机2以及第二电动机3同轴布置。
如果像在图3所示的示例中那样,起动机离合器7布置在第一电动机2的旋转轴2b的空心部中,则能够减小从发动机1至后轮4的后轮侧驱动系统15的总长度。当改建现有的车身结构或布局时,这使得例如能够避免与车身的地板下方的结构的干涉,或者能够增加在现有的车身中的安装的灵活性。结果,能够以更高的效率在现有的FR车辆或者基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中安装电动机。
图4所示的车辆Ve被构造为使得在第二电动机3的更靠近发动机1的那侧(图4中的左侧)执行第二电动机3与动力传递机构11之间的动力传递。具体地,在图4所示的示例中,沿旋转轴线AL的方向朝向发动机1突出的突起3c形成在第二电动机3的旋转轴3a的更靠近发动机1的那侧的端部3b上。突起3c与动力传递机构11经由齿轮动力传递机构、链条动力传递机构等联接在一起,以便能够传递动力。在图4所示的示例中,突起3c与动力传递机构11经由链条动力传递机构20联接在一起。像旋转轴3a那样,突起3c具有空心的形状。
如果像在图4所示的示例中那样,车辆Ve被构造为使得在第二电动机3的更靠近发动机1的那侧执行第二电动机3与动力传递机构11之间的动力传递,则发动机舱内的空间能够被有效地用于布置动力传递机构11。因此,能够以更高的效率在现有的FR车辆或者基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中安装第二电动机3。
在图5所示的车辆Ve中,在旋转轴线AL上,第一电动机2和第二电动机3从更靠近发动机1的那侧(图5中的左侧)起以第一电动机2、第二电动机3的顺序布置。在图5所示的示例中,第一电动机2具有比第二电动机3大的最大外径。因此,在图5所示的车辆Ve中,第一电动机2和第二电动机3从沿车辆Ve的前后方向更靠近发动机1的那侧起以第一电动机2和第二电动机3中的具有较大的最大外径的一个电动机(图5所示的示例中的第一电动机2)、具有较小的最大外径的另一个电动机(图5所示的示例中的第二电动机3)的顺序布置。
作为图5所示的示例,如果作为驱动力源安装的两个电动机中的具有较大的最大外径的一个电动机布置在更靠近发动机1的那侧,则发动机舱内的空间能够被有效地用于布置具有较大的最大外径的电动机。而且,能够使具有发动机1、第一电动机2以及第二电动机3作为驱动力源的混合动力驱动单元的外形(轮廓)符合一般车身的地板通道的形状。因此,能够以高效率在现有的FR车辆或者基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中安装电动机。像图3所示的示例那样,所以在图5所示的车辆Ve中,起动机离合器7布置在第一电动机2的旋转轴2b的空心部中。因此,能够减小后轮侧驱动系统15的总长度。
在图6所示的车辆Ve中,设置在自动变速器6内的离合器机构6c用作起动机离合器,并且省略起动机离合器7。具体地,在图6所示的示例中,自动变速器6具有选择性地允许或中断自动变速器6的输入轴6a与输出轴6b之间的动力传递的离合器机构6c。接合离合器机构6c以允许转矩传递,而断开离合器机构6c以中断转矩传递并且将自动变速器6设定为空档状态。能够连续地改变离合器机构6c的扭矩传递容量。
如果像图6所示的示例那样自动变速器6的离合器机构6c用作起动机离合器,则能够省略起动机离合器7。因此,能够减小从发动机1至后轮4的后轮侧驱动系统15的总长度。结果,能够以更高的效率在现有的FR车辆或者基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中安装电动机。
图7所示的车辆Ve在发动机1与自动变速器6之间、在第二电动机3与前轮5之间包括以两级放大第二电动机3的输出转矩的链条减速机构30。具体地,在图7所示的示例中,链条减速机构30设置在第二电动机3与动力传递机构11之间。链条减速机构30具有第一链条减速轴31、具有比第一链条减速轴31低的转速的第二链条减速轴32以及具有比第二链条减速轴32低的转速的第三链条减速轴33。第一链条减速轴31形成为以便与第二电动机3的旋转轴3a一体地旋转,并且具有安装在前端(图7左侧的端部)处的链轮31a。第二链条减速轴32与第一链条减速轴31在车辆宽度方向上平行布置,并且具有链轮32a和链轮32b,所述链轮32a具有比链轮31a大的直径,安装在一侧(图7中的右侧)的端部处,所述链轮32b具有比稍后描述的第三链条减速轴33的链轮33a小的直径,安装在另一侧(图7中的左侧)的端部处。第三链条减速轴33形成为以便与动力传递机构11的输入轴11a一体地旋转,并且具有安装在前端(图7中的右侧的端部)处的链轮33a。链条34缠绕在链轮31a与链轮32a之间,并且链条35缠绕在链轮32b与链轮33a之间。因此,第二链条减速轴32具有比第一链条减速轴31低的转速。第三链条减速轴33具有比第二链条减速轴32低的转速。因此,链条减速机构30在第二电动机3与前轮5之间以两级放大第二电动机3的输出转矩。
在图7所示的车辆Ve中,第二链条减速轴32与第三链条减速轴33在旋转轴线AL位于其间的情况下分别布置在车身的宽度方向(图7中的上下方向)上的两端侧。换言之,第二链条减速轴32与第三链条减速轴33布置在旋转轴线AL的相反侧。
像图7所示的示例那样,如果设置有以两级减小第二电动机3的转速的链条减速机构30,则第二电动机3的输出转矩在传递至前轮5之前能够被明显地放大。因此,能够使第二电动机3缩小尺寸。链条减速机构30中的第二链条减速轴32和第三链条减速轴33在车辆宽度方向上分开布置。因此,如
图8所示,具有三个旋转轴、第一链条减速轴31、第二链条减速轴32以及第三链条减速轴33的链条减速机构30能够在车身的宽度方向上紧凑地布置。而且,车身的宽度方向上的空间能够被有效地用来布置链条减速机构30。而且,例如相比于齿轮动力传递机构,像链条减速机构30(还有链条动力传递机构20)那样的链条动力传递机构允许彼此传递转矩的两个旋转轴之间的更长的轴间距离,这增加了布置的灵活性。因此,能够在现有的FR车辆或基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中以更高的效率安装第二电动机3和前轮侧驱动系统17。
图9所示的车辆Ve在发动机1与自动变速器6之间、在第二电动机3与前轮5之间包括以两级放大第二电动机3的输出转矩的减速机构40。具体地,在图9所示的示例中,减速机构40设置在第二电动机3与动力传递机构11之间。减速机构40具有第一减速轴41、具有比第一减速轴41低的转速的第二减速轴42以及具有比第二减速轴42低的转速的第三减速轴43。第一减速轴41形成为以便与第二电动机3的旋转轴3a一体地旋转,并且具有安装在前端(图9左侧的端部)处的链轮41a。第二减速轴42与第一减速轴41在车辆宽度方向上平行布置,并且具有链轮42a,所述链轮42a具有比链轮41a大的直径、安装在一侧(图9中的右侧)的端部处。在第二减速轴42的另一侧(图9中的左侧)的端部处,安装有具有比稍后描述的第三减速轴43的齿轮43a小的直径的齿轮42b。第三减速轴43兼做动力传递机构11的输入轴11a,并且具有安装在前端(图9右侧的端部)处的齿轮43a。链条44缠绕在链轮41a与链轮42a之间。齿轮42b与齿轮43a彼此啮合。因此,第二减速轴42具有比第一减速轴41低的转速。第三减速轴43具有比第二减速轴42低的转速。因此,减速机构40在第二电动机3与前轮5之间以两级放大第二电动机3的输出转矩。
在图9所示的车辆Ve中,第三减速轴43联接至经由前差速器13将动力传递至前轮5的前传动轴12,以便能够传递动力。前差速器13为前轮5侧的所谓的最终减速器,并且当从前传动轴12向前驱动轴14传递动力时减小前传动轴12的转速。因此,前传动轴12具有比第三减速轴43低的转速,并且对应于本发明的实施例中所叫作的第四减速轴。因此,在图9所示的车辆Ve中,如图10所示,形成有总共具有四个轴的减速机构40。
因此,在图9所示的车辆Ve中,减速机构40设置在第二电动机3与动力传递机构11之间,从而以两级减小第二电动机3的转速。减速机构40在第二电动机3与前轮5之间具有包括第二电动机3的旋转轴3a以及前传动轴12的四个旋转轴,并且在这些旋转轴中,最靠近前轮定位的第四减速轴(前传动轴12)与作为前轮5的最终减速器的前差速器13联接在一起,以便能够传递动力。因此,在第二电动机3与前轮5之间能够以三级减小第二电动机3的转速。因此,第二电动机3的输出转矩在传递至前轮5之前能够被明显地放大。进而,能够使第二电动机3缩小尺寸,并且能够在现有的FR车辆或基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中以更高的效率安装第二电动机3。
将描述本发明的作用效果。本发明的混合动力车辆被构造为具有发动机、第一电动机以及第二电动机作为驱动力源、并且前轮和后轮二者都被驱动的四轮驱动车辆或者全轮驱动车辆。发动机和第一电动机为后轮侧驱动系统中的驱动力源并且驱动后轮。第二电动机为前轮侧驱动系统中的驱动力源并且驱动前轮。后轮侧驱动系统与前轮侧驱动系统彼此独立,并且没有转矩在这两个驱动系统之间传递。这意味着第二电动机不向前轮侧驱动系统传递转矩。另一方面,第二电动机连同第一电动机一起布置在发动机的曲轴的旋转轴线上。根据本发明,因此,混合动力四轮驱动或全轮驱动车辆构造为:其中第一电动机和第二电动机与纵置的发动机同轴布置,并且这些发动机和两个电动机用作驱动力源。因此,能够在没有对现有车辆的车身结构或布局做出大的改变的情况下构造双电动机式混合动力四轮驱动或全轮驱动车辆,诸如由在车辆前侧纵置的发动机驱动后轮的所谓的FR车辆,或者基于这样的FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆。
本发明的混合动力车辆在第一电动机与后轮之间包括起动机离合器。具体地,起动机离合器在后轮侧驱动系统中设置在发动机的输出侧。当向后轮传递发动机转矩以起动车辆时,通过控制该起动机离合器的接合状态而能够平稳地起动本发明的混合动力车辆。这能够消除对通常普遍使用的变矩器的需要。断开起动机离合器能够使发动机和第一电动机与后轮侧驱动系统脱离。在该状态下,混合动力车辆能够通过由前轮侧驱动系统中的第二电动机输出的电动机转矩行驶。这意味着混合动力车辆也能够像使用第二电动机作为驱动力源的电动车辆那样行驶。
本发明的混合动力车辆在第一电动机与后轮之间包括自动变速器。具体地,自动变速器在后轮侧驱动系统中设置在发动机的输出侧。能够通过该自动变速器适当地改变发动机速度,并且向后轮传递发动机转矩以产生合适的驱动力。而且,在本发明的混合动力车辆中,自动变速器的离合器机构能够用作如上所述的起动机离合器。这能够消除对如上所述的起动机离合器以及变矩器的需要。
在本发明的混合动力车辆中,第一电动机和第二电动机二者与发动机同轴地布置,并且这些电动机中的第二电动机在车辆的前后方向上更靠近发动机布置。发动机以纵置布置在车辆的前侧。因此,相比于当第二电动机布置在第一电动机的输出侧时,第二电动机在车辆的前后方向上更靠近前轮布置。在本发明的混合动力车辆中,因此,相比于当第二电动机布置在第一电动机的输出侧时,能够减小前轮侧驱动系统17中的第二电动机与前轮之间的距离。例如,能够减小前轮侧驱动系统17中的传动轴的长度。随着传动轴缩短,能够减小尺寸和重量。而且,能够提高包括传动轴的旋转与振动系统的固有频率,使得能够减小正常行驶期间(巡航或定速行驶期间)的前轮侧驱动系统的共振,并且能够改进混合动力车辆的NV性能。另外,能够减小动力传递期间的传动轴的扭曲量。结果,能够改进前轮侧驱动系统17中的驱动力的响应性。
在本发明的混合动力车辆中,第一电动机和第二电动机二者与发动机同轴地布置,并且第一电动机和第二电动机中的具有更大外径的一个沿车辆的前后方向更靠近发动机布置。在本发明的混合动力车辆中,因此,在驱动单元中通常具有最大外径的发动机的输出侧,电动机以减小外径的顺序布置。因此,能够有效地使用发动机的输出侧周围的空间。由于能够沿远离发动机并且朝向后轮的方向使电动机的外径更小,所以能够避免或减小与车辆地板的下方空间中的现有结构的干涉,并且能够确保车厢内的乘员的空间。因此,能够在现有的FR车辆或基于FR车辆的四轮驱动车辆中以更高的效率安装电动机,从而构造混合动力车辆。
本发明的混合动力车辆在第二电动机与前轮之间包括链条减速机构。链条减速机构在第二电动机与前轮之间具有三个旋转轴、第一链条减速轴、第二链条减速轴以及第三链条减速轴。链条围绕安装在每个旋转轴上的链轮缠绕,从而形成链条减速机构。具体地,以两级减小第二电动机的转速的链条减速机构,由链条缠绕在第一链条减速轴与第二链条减速轴之间的链条动力传递机构以及链条缠绕在第二链条减速轴与第三链条减速轴之间的链条动力传递机构组成。因此,在本发明的混合动力车辆中,第二电动机的输出转矩在传递至前轮之前能够被明显地放大。进而,能够使第二电动机缩小尺寸。在本发明的混合动力车辆中,第二链条减速轴和第三链条减速轴在车身的宽度方向上分开布置。因此,能够有效地使用在车身的宽度方向上的空间,并且能够以高效率安装第二电动机和前轮侧驱动系统,从而构造混合动力车辆。
本发明的混合动力车辆在第二电动机与前轮之间还包括减速机构。该减速机构例如由减速齿轮对和链条动力传递机构组成,并且以两级减小第二电动机的转速。减速机构在第二电动机与前轮之间具有包括第二电动机的旋转轴的四个旋转轴,并且在这些旋转轴中,最靠近前轮定位的第四减速轴与作为前轮的最终减速器的前轮侧差速器联接在一起,以便能够传递动力。因此,在第二电动机与前轮之间能够以三级减小第二电动机的转速。在本发明的混合动力车辆中,因此,第二电动机的输出转矩在传递至前轮之前能够被明显地放大。进而,能够使第二电动机缩小尺寸。
当本发明的混合动力车辆采用直列式发动机作为用作驱动力源的发动机时,如上所述,纵置的发动机的进气系统和排气系统在车身的宽度方向上分别连接至发动机的两侧部,即,分别连接至发动机的进气侧和排气侧。在车身的宽度方向上的发动机的进气侧,前轮侧驱动系统的传动轴邻近发动机而布置。因此,能够通过有效地使用包括排气管和催化剂的排气系统的相反侧的进气侧周围的空间而布置前轮侧传动轴和前轮侧驱动系统,以便避免与排气系统的干涉。因此尤其是能够以高效率安装前轮侧驱动系统来构造混合动力车辆,而没有对现有车辆的车身结构或布局做出大的改变。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力车辆,其特征在于包括:
发动机,其以曲轴的旋转轴线的方向沿着车身的前后方向定向的纵置布置在所述车身的前侧;
自动变速器,其与所述发动机同轴地布置,并且增加或减小由所述发动机输出的发动机转矩;
第一电动机,其通过由所述发动机转矩驱动而用于发电;
后轮,所述发动机转矩和由所述第一电动机输出的第一电动机转矩中的至少一个传递至所述后轮,从而产生驱动力;
第二电动机,其输出第二电动机转矩;
前轮,所述第二电动机转矩传递至所述前轮,从而产生驱动力;以及
动力传递机构,其增加或减小所述前轮的所述驱动力,其中
所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机二者与所述发动机和所述自动变速器同轴地布置在所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间,
所述第一电动机联接至所述发动机,并且
所述第二电动机联接至所述动力传递机构而没有联接至所述发动机和所述自动变速器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,在所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间设置有起动机离合器,所述起动机离合器允许或中断所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间的转矩传递。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述自动变速器具有允许或中断所述自动变速器的输入轴与输出轴之间的转矩传递的离合器机构。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机在所述前后方向上从更靠近所述发动机的一侧起以所述第二电动机、所述第一电动机的顺序布置。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机的最大外径彼此不同,并且
所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机在所述前后方向上从更靠近所述发动机的一侧起,以所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机中的具有较大最大外径的一个电动机、具有较小最大外径的另一个电动机的顺序布置。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述动力传递机构具有以两级放大所述第二电动机转矩的链条减速机构,
所述链条减速机构具有第一链条减速轴、第二链条减速轴以及第三链条减速轴,所述第一链条减速轴与所述第二电动机的旋转轴一体地旋转,所述第二链条减速轴具有比所述第一链条减速轴低的转速,所述第三链条减速轴具有比所述第二链条减速轴低的转速,并且
所述第二链条减速轴和所述第三链条减速轴在所述车身的宽度方向上布置在所述曲轴的所述旋转轴线的相反侧。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述动力传递机构具有以两级放大所述第二电动机转矩的减速机构,
所述减速机构具有第一减速轴、第二减速轴以及第三减速轴,所述第一减速轴与所述第二电动机的旋转轴一体地旋转,所述第二减速轴具有比所述第一减速轴低的转速,所述第三减速轴具有比所述第二减速轴低的转速,并且
所述第三减速轴联接至第四减速轴以便能够传递动力,所述第四减速轴经由联接至所述前轮的前轮侧差速器将转矩传递至所述前轮。
8.根据权利要求1至5以及7中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述发动机为具有沿所述曲轴的所述旋转轴线的所述方向布置在一排中的多个气缸的直列式发动机,
所述发动机具有进气侧和排气侧,进气系统连接至所述进气侧,所述排气侧为所述进气侧在所述车身的宽度方向上的相反侧,并且排气系统连接至所述排气侧,
所述动力传递机构具有前轮侧差速器和前轮侧传动轴,所述前轮侧差速器联接至所述前轮,所述前轮侧传动轴在所述第二电动机与所述前轮侧差速器之间传递转矩,并且
在所述前轮侧传动轴的旋转轴线的方向沿着所述前后方向定向的情况下,所述前轮侧传动轴在所述宽度方向上布置在所述发动机的所述进气侧。
9.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述发动机为具有沿所述曲轴的所述旋转轴线的所述方向布置在一排中的多个气缸的直列式发动机,
所述发动机具有进气侧和排气侧,进气系统连接至所述进气侧,所述排气侧为所述进气侧在所述车身的所述宽度方向上的相反侧,并且排气系统连接至所述排气侧,
所述动力传递机构具有前轮侧差速器和前轮侧传动轴,所述前轮侧差速器联接至所述前轮,所述前轮侧传动轴在所述第二电动机与所述前轮侧差速器之间传递转矩,并且
在所述前轮侧传动轴的旋转轴线的方向沿着所述前后方向定向的情况下,所述前轮侧传动轴在所述宽度方向上布置在所述发动机的所述进气侧。
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