CN110790650B - 反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种反‑4’‑(4‑烷基苯基)(1,1’‑联环己烷)‑4‑酮的合成方法,属于液晶中间体合成方法技术领域,包括以下步骤:以对烷基卤代苯为起始原料,经格氏偶联、脱水脱保护、加氢、转型制得反‑4’‑(4‑烷基苯基)(1,1’‑联环己烷)‑4‑酮;本发明化合物制备方法简单,反应条件温和,将传统的脱水、脱保护两步反应合并为一步,达到缩短路线、简化后处理、节约工时成本的目的;本发明合并反应步骤、缩短路线、简化操作、降低废水,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于液晶中间体合成方法技术领域,具体涉及一种反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的合成方法。
背景技术
反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮作为液晶单体1-[(反式,反式)-4-(3-丁烯-1-基)[1,1-双环己基]-4-基]-4-烷基-苯的不可缺少的中间体,专利JP2014162752采用以下合成路线:
该合成路线反应步骤多,合成路线长、后处理繁琐、总工艺耗时长,导致时间成本过高;除加氢步骤外四步水洗过程,导致工艺废水量居多,在环保形势日益严峻的今天,已经非常不适合大规模生产。
发明内容
为了克服上述反应步骤多、后处理繁琐、耗时长、废水多的缺点,本发明提供一种反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的合成方法,其优点在于缩短工艺步骤、简化后处理操作、减少工艺耗时、降低废水量,适合大规模工业化生产。
本发明的目的是提供一种反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:4-烷基卤代苯和镁粉发生格氏反应,之后加入双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮反应生成含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物,其反应方程式如下:
S2:在S1含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物中加酸进行脱水脱保护反应,生成式(Ⅲ)化合物,其反应方程式如下:
所述酸和双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮的摩尔比为5-15:1,所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、甲酸或乙酸;
S3:式(Ⅲ)化合物在催化剂的作用下加氢生成式(Ⅳ)化合物,其反应方程式如下:
S4:式(Ⅳ)化合物发生转型反应生成式(Ⅰ)化合物,即反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮,其反应方程式如下:
优选地,所述S1含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
将镁粉和4-烷基卤代苯溶于溶剂Ⅰ,加入碘,温度30-80℃,反应0-5h后,在10-70℃下加入双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮/溶剂Ⅱ溶液,保持温度10-70℃,反应1-5h,制得含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物;
所述镁粉和4-烷基卤代苯的摩尔比是1.1-2:1,镁粉和碘质量比为880-2180:1,溶剂Ⅰ和4-烷基卤代苯的用量比为2.5-10mL:1g,双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮和4-烷基卤代苯的摩尔比是1.1-2:1,溶剂Ⅱ和双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮的用量比为2-10mL:1g。
优选地,所述溶剂Ⅰ为乙醚或四氢呋喃,所述溶剂Ⅱ为四氢呋喃、乙醚或甲苯。
优选地,所述S2中式(Ⅲ)化合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
在S1制得的全部含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物中加入酸作为脱水脱保护试剂,温度20-60℃下反应1-5h,萃取、水洗,蒸馏,制得式(Ⅲ)化合物;
所述酸和双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮的摩尔比为5-15:1;所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、甲酸或乙酸。
优选地,所述S3式(Ⅳ)化合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
将式(Ⅲ)化合物溶于溶剂Ⅲ,并加入催化剂,在氢气环境中,在0.1-3MPa、20-60℃的条件下进行加氢反应5-20h,过滤浓缩至干,制得式(Ⅳ)化合物;
溶剂Ⅲ和式(Ⅲ)化合物的用量比为3-10mL:1g;催化剂和式(Ⅲ)化合物的质量比为0.01-0.1:1。
优选地,所述反应溶剂Ⅲ为乙醇、甲苯或四氢呋喃。
优选地,所述式(Ⅰ)化合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
将式(Ⅳ)化合物溶于溶剂Ⅳ,并加入叔丁醇钾,在氮气保护下,温度为20-70℃,反应为2-10h,萃取、水洗过滤、重结晶,制得式(Ⅰ)化合物;
所述叔丁醇钾和式(Ⅳ)化合物的摩尔比为0.3-2:1,溶剂Ⅳ和式(Ⅳ)化合物的用量比为3-15mL:1g。
优选地,所述溶剂Ⅳ为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)S1中间体式(Ⅱ)化合物合成完成后不进行任何后处理操作,可直接进行第二步反应,节省一步后处理操作,减少废水量;
(2)在S2中将传统的脱水和脱保护两步反应合并为一步完成,节省一步后处理水洗操作,简化操作的同时,大大缩短了反应周期;
(3)实现了含酮羰基官能团的烯键化合物的选择性加氢;
(4)原料市场供应量大、价格低廉、各步收率高、产品易于纯化、综合成本低。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制得的反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的质谱图;
图2是实施例1制得的反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的红外图;
图3是实施例1制得的反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的1H-NMR图;
图4是实施例1制得的反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的13C-NMR图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案能予以实施,下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
本发明提供了一种反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:4-烷基卤代苯和镁粉发生格氏反应,之后加入双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮反应生成含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物,其反应方程式如下:
S2:在S1含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物中加酸进行脱水脱保护反应,生成式(Ⅲ)化合物,其反应方程式如下:
所述酸和双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮的摩尔比为5-15:1,所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、甲酸或乙酸;
S3:式(Ⅲ)化合物在催化剂的作用下加氢生成式(Ⅳ)化合物,其反应方程式如下:
S4:式(Ⅳ)化合物发生转型反应生成式(Ⅰ)化合物,即反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮,其反应方程式如下:
下面以反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的制备为例,并通过实施例1-3来具体说明上述合成方法。
实施例1
(1)含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物的制备
氮气保护下,向干燥的10L三口瓶中依次加入四氢呋喃200ml,加入镁粉152.6g,开启搅拌,体系升温至57℃,加入0.07克碘,滴加19.4g 4-甲基氯苯,引发格氏,引发成功后,滴加用823ml四氢呋喃稀释的390g甲基氯苯,滴加过程中控温70℃,滴加完毕在80℃的条件下保温反应5h,后控温在55℃滴加506g双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮和5060ml的甲苯溶液,滴加完毕,60℃保温反应1h后,停止反应,反应液直接用于下一步反应,GC>95.0%,本步收率按100%计;
(2)中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物的制备
氮气保护下,向上步反应液中加入70%的硫酸水溶液1484g,搅拌加热至体系内温60℃,反应2h后分液,体系水洗至中性,减压浓缩至无溶剂馏出,得到521.5g的中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物,GC>98%,收率91.6%;
(3)中间体式(Ⅳ)化合物的制备
往10L的高压釜中加入4500ml乙醇,加入中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物450g,加入22.5gPd/C,氢气置换体系3次,在1.5MPa、20℃的条件下进行加氢反应,5h后停止反应,反应液过滤浓缩至干,得到453.1g中间体(Ⅳ),GC>98%,收率99.9%;
(4)反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的制备
氮气保护下,往10L三口瓶中加入二甲基亚砜4000ml,加入中间体式(Ⅳ)化合物400g,叔丁醇钾共33.6g,升温至70℃反应6h,停止反应,反应液用甲苯萃取,水洗至中性,减压浓缩干,得到类白色固体,用甲苯乙醇重结晶2次,得到白色固体反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮(Ⅰ)302g,GC>99.5%,收率为75.5%。
实施例2
(1)含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物的制备
氮气保护下,向干燥的10L三口瓶中依次加入四氢呋喃240ml,加入镁粉68.7g,开启搅拌,体系升温至55℃,加入0.07克碘,滴加41.5g 4-甲基氯苯,引发格氏,引发成功后,滴加用2174ml四氢呋喃稀释的200g甲基氯苯,滴加过程中控温60℃弱回流,滴加完毕后,在70℃滴加253g双环己乙二醇单缩酮和506ml的四氢呋喃溶液,滴加完毕,70℃若回流反应1h后,停止反应,反应液直接用于下一步反应,GC>98.0%,本步收率按100%计;
(2)中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物的制备
氮气保护下,上步反应液中加入30%的盐酸水溶液1934.5g,控温20℃,反应5h后分液,甲苯萃取,体系水洗至中性,减压浓缩至无溶剂馏出,得到255g的中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物,GC>98.0%,收率89.5%;
(3)中间体式(Ⅳ)化合物的制备
往2L的高压釜中加入750ml四氢呋喃,加入中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物250g,加入25.0gRaney-Ni,氢气置换体系3次,在3.0MPa、25℃的条件下进行加氢反应,20h后停止反应,反应液过滤浓缩至干,得到251.8g中间体式(Ⅳ)化合物,GC>98.0%,收率100.0%;
(4)反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的制备
氮气保护下,往5L三口瓶中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺2000ml,加入中间体式(Ⅳ)化合物200g,加入叔丁醇钾82.9g,升温至55℃反应2h,停止反应,反应液用甲苯萃取,水洗至中性,减压浓缩干,得到类白色固体,用乙酸乙酯重结晶次,得到白色固体反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮(Ⅰ)160g,GC>99.5%,收率为80.0%。
实施例3
(1)含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物的制备
氮气保护下,向干燥的10L三口瓶中依次加入乙醚300ml,加入镁粉61.6g,开启搅拌,体系升温至33℃回流,加入0.07克碘,滴加19.4g 4-甲基溴苯,引发格氏,引发成功后,滴加用1300ml乙醚稀释的380g 4-甲基溴苯,滴加过程中控温32℃,滴加完毕在30℃的条件下回流反应2h,后将体系降温至10℃滴加506g双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮和3000ml的乙醚溶液,滴加完毕,10℃保温反应5h后,停止反应。反应液直接用于下一步反应,GC>96.0%,本步收率按100%计;
(2)中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物的制备
氮气保护下,向上步反应液中加入甲酸975.8g,搅拌加热至体系内温约35℃,反应1h后分液,甲苯萃取,体系水洗至中性,减压浓缩至无溶剂馏出,得到533.8g的中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物,GC>98.0%,收率93.6%;
(3)中间体式(Ⅳ)化合物的制备
往10L的高压釜中加入900ml乙醇,3600ml甲苯,加入中间体式(Ⅲ)化合物450g,加入4.5g的Ru/C,氢气置换体系3次,常压于60℃的条件下进行加氢反应,20h后停止反应,反应液过滤浓缩至干,得到453.2g中间体(Ⅳ),GC>98.0%,收率99.9%;
(4)反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的制备
氮气保护下,往10L三口瓶中加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮1200ml,加入中间体式(Ⅳ)化合物400g,叔丁醇钾331.5g,控温20℃反应10h,停止反应,反应液用甲苯萃取,水洗至中性,减压浓缩之干,得到类白色固体,用甲苯正庚烷重结晶2次,得到白色固体反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮(Ⅰ)318g,GC>99.5%,收率为79.5%。
实施例1-3制得的反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮性能近似,下面仅对实施例1制得的反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮进行表征,结果如图1-图4所示。
结构鉴定:
图1为反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的质谱图(GC-MS),可得M=270。
图2为反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的红外图(IR)(KBr)(cm-1):1714(C=O),2920、2850(C-H伸缩振动),1162(C-C伸缩振动)。
图3为反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的1H-NMR图(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.0~1.3(2H);δ=1.3~1.4(1H);δ=1.4~1.7(5H);δ=1.8~2.0(4H);δ=2.0~2.1(2H);δ=2.2~2.3(4H);δ=2.3~2.5(4H);δ=7.0~7.2(4H)。
图4是反-4’-(4-甲苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的13C-NMR图(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=20.97,29.87,30.55,34.46,41.14,41.51,41.67,44.00,76.70,77.02,77.34,126.64,129.02,135.37,144.46,212.46。
由此可证明该化合物成功合成。
由上述实施例可得,通过本发明方法能够成功合成反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮,第一步中间体式(Ⅱ)化合物合成完成后不进行任何后处理操作,可直接进行第二步反应,节省一步后处理操作,减少废水量;本发明将传统的脱水和脱保护两步反应合并为一步完成,节省一步后处理水洗操作,简化操作的同时,大大缩短了反应周期;实现了含酮羰基官能团的烯键化合物的选择性加氢;原料市场供应量大、价格低廉、各步收率高、产品易于纯化、综合成本低。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内也视同包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (1)
1.一种反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:4-烷基卤代苯和镁粉发生格氏反应,之后加入双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮反应生成含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物,其反应方程式如下:
S2:在S1含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物中加酸进行脱水脱保护反应,生成式(Ⅲ)化合物,其反应方程式如下:
所述酸和双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮的摩尔比为5-15:1,所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、甲酸或乙酸;
S3:式(Ⅲ)化合物在催化剂的作用下加氢生成式(Ⅳ)化合物,其反应方程式如下:
S4:式(Ⅳ)化合物发生转型反应生成式(Ⅰ)化合物,即反-4’-(4-烷基苯基)(1,1’-联环己烷)-4-酮,其反应方程式如下:
所述S1含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
将镁粉和4-烷基卤代苯溶于溶剂Ⅰ,加入碘,温度30-80℃,反应0-5h后,在10-70℃下加入双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮/溶剂Ⅱ溶液,保持温度10-70℃,反应1-5h,制得含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物;
所述镁粉和4-烷基卤代苯的摩尔比是1.1-2:1,镁粉和碘质量比为880-2180:1,溶剂Ⅰ和4-烷基卤代苯的用量比为2.5-10mL:1g,双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮和4-烷基卤代苯的摩尔比是1.1-2:1,溶剂Ⅱ和双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮的用量比为2-10mL:1g;所述溶剂Ⅰ为乙醚或四氢呋喃,所述溶剂Ⅱ为四氢呋喃、乙醚或甲苯;
所述S2中式(Ⅲ)化合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
在S1制得的全部含有式(Ⅱ)化合物的混合物中加酸作为脱水脱保护试剂,温度20-60℃下反应1-5h,萃取、水洗,蒸馏,制得式(Ⅲ)化合物;
所述酸和双环己酮乙二醇单缩酮的摩尔比为5-15:1;所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、甲酸或乙酸;
所述S3式(Ⅳ)化合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
将式(Ⅲ)化合物溶于溶剂Ⅲ,并加入催化剂,在氢气环境中,在0.1-3MPa、20-60℃的条件下进行加氢反应5-20h,过滤浓缩至干,制得式(Ⅳ)化合物;
溶剂Ⅲ和式(Ⅲ)化合物的用量比为3-10mL:1g;催化剂和式(Ⅲ)化合物的质量比为0.01-0.1:1;所述反应溶剂Ⅲ为乙醇、甲苯或四氢呋喃;
所述式(Ⅰ)化合物具体是通过以下步骤制得:
将式(Ⅳ)化合物溶于溶剂Ⅳ,并加入叔丁醇钾,在氮气保护下,温度为20-70℃,反应为2-10h,萃取、水洗过滤、重结晶,制得式(Ⅰ)化合物;
所述叔丁醇钾和式(Ⅳ)化合物的摩尔比为0.3-2:1,溶剂Ⅳ和式(Ⅳ)化合物的用量比为3-15mL:1g;所述溶剂Ⅳ为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
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