CN110774692A - 轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材 - Google Patents

轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材 Download PDF

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CN110774692A
CN110774692A CN201910651348.XA CN201910651348A CN110774692A CN 110774692 A CN110774692 A CN 110774692A CN 201910651348 A CN201910651348 A CN 201910651348A CN 110774692 A CN110774692 A CN 110774692A
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sound
absorbing material
absorbing
fiber layer
light
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朴玄濬
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Seoyon E Hwa Co Ltd
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Seoyon E Hwa Co Ltd
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材，更详细地，涉及利用在纤维无纺布的上部面及下部面层叠有微细纤维层的三层薄膜纤维层，从而比现有的吸声材料更轻且提供更优秀的吸声性能的轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材。

Description

轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材
技术领域
本发明涉及轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材，更详细地，涉及利用在纤维无纺布的上部面及下部面层叠有微细纤维层的三层薄膜纤维层，从而比现有的吸声材料更轻且提供更优秀的吸声性能的轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材。
背景技术
吸声材料通常多用于车辆、工作室、剧场等，尤其在汽车的情况下，为了阻隔在发动机舱产生的噪音而设置在用于分隔发动机舱和车厢的前围挡板，或者，为了阻隔从车辆底部传递的噪音而设置在车辆底板等。
这种吸声材料在声波能量通过运动转换成热能的过程中，使声波在吸声材料内吸收。用作吸声材料的纤维层通过基于空气的粘性阻抗和形成纤维层的纤维的粘弹性特性的振动阻尼现象，来将透射到内部的声能转换成热能，并最终减少噪音。因此，基于纤维的吸声材料的性能取决于形成纤维层的纤维的厚度、纤维层的面密度或厚度等。若纤维的厚度变薄，则可以投入更多的纤维，最终空隙率增加，从而可以提高吸声性能。并且，若增加纤维层的面密度及厚度，则空隙率及声波消散路径变长，从而提高吸声性能。因此，在车辆用吸声材料的情况下，使用高重量、高辉度的吸声材料，在这种情况下，虽然吸声性能得到改善，但是随着车辆重量的增加而发生燃油效率下降的问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
韩国公开专利第10-2007-0118731号(公开日：2017年12月18日)
韩国公开专利第10-2001-0066081号(公开日：2001年07月11日)
发明内容
为了解决如上所述的问题，本发明的目的在于，提供利用分别在纤维无纺布的上部面及下部面层叠有微细纤维层的三层薄膜纤维层，从而比现有的吸声材料更轻且更优秀的轻质吸声材料。
本发明的再一目的在于，提供还层叠以附着于上述吸声材料的基材之间保持规定距离的方式形成气隙的块层，来进一步改善吸声性能的吸声材料。
本发明的另一目的在于，提供通过在附着有上述吸声材料的基材外部形成多个突出部，从而当附着上述轻质吸声材料时，在突出支撑部之间形成气隙的基材。
为此，本发明的轻质吸声材料的特征在于，包括三层结构的薄膜纤维层，上述三层结构的薄膜纤维层包括：纤维无纺布，由平均直径为10μm至20μm的纤维形成；以及上端微细纤维层及上述下端微细纤维层，由平均直径为2μm至6μm的纤维形成，分别层叠于上述纤维无纺布的上部面及下部面。
上述薄膜纤维层的每单位面积的重量可以为30g/m2至100g/m2，厚度可以为0.2mm至1mm，空气阻抗率可以为1000000Pa.s/m2至5000000Pa.s/m2。
并且，本发明的轻质吸声材料在层叠于上述纤维无纺布的下部面的微细纤维层还层叠以具有间隔的方式排列有多个块的块层，从而可当附着于基材时在上述块之间形成气隙。
上述块可以为毛毡或者泡沫(foam)材料。
根据本发明的附着有上述轻质吸声材料的基材，上述基材包括向外部突出的多个突出支撑部，当附着上述轻质吸声材料时，在上述突出支撑部之间可形成气隙。
本发明的轻质吸声材料及附着其的基材具有以下效果。
1.具有本发明的三层结构的薄膜纤维层与具有相同的面密度的单层结构的吸声材料相比，具有高的空气阻抗率，因此吸声性能优秀。
2.当在上述薄膜纤维层还层叠具有以留有间隔的方式排列有多个块的块层时，可以在不显著增加吸声材料的面密度的情况下使声波消散路径变长，从而可以进一步提高吸声性能。
3.并且，在将本发明的轻质吸声材料附着于基材时，在上述基材包括具有间隔且向外突出的多个突出支撑部的情况下，在基材与轻质吸声材料之间形成由上述突出支撑部引起的气隙，因此可以使声波消散路径变长，从而可以进一步提高吸声性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的由具有三层结构薄膜纤维层形成的轻质吸声材料的简要剖视图。
图2为在图1的薄膜纤维层层叠有块层的轻质吸声材料的简要剖视图。
图3为示出图1的轻质吸声材料附着于基材的状态的简要剖视图。
图4为比较图1的轻质吸声材料与现有的吸声材料的吸声性能的比较曲线图。
图5为图1的轻质吸声材料的各空气阻抗率的吸声性能曲线图。
附图文字的说明
100：轻质吸声材料
110：薄膜纤维层 111：纤维无纺布
112：上端微细纤维层 113：下端微细纤维层
130：块层 131：块
200、200'：基材 210：突出支撑部
300：气隙
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图详细说明本发明的实施例。
为了与现有技术的区别性、明确性以及便于了解技术，能够以夸张的方式示出本发明中的附图。并且，后述的术语是考虑到本发明的功能而定义的术语，这可以根据使用人员、操作人员的意图或惯例而发生改变，因此应基于本说明书中的整体技术内容来对这些术语下定义。另一方面，实施例只是本发明的发明要求保护范围中所提出的结构要素的例示事项，并非限定本发明的权利范围，而权利范围应基于本发明的说明书全文的技术思想来解释。
第一实施例
以下，参照图1，对在本发明第一实施例中的由薄膜纤维层形成的轻质吸声材料进行说明。图1为具有三层结构的薄膜纤维层110的简要剖视图，上述薄膜纤维层110由纤维无纺布111、分别层叠在上述纤维无纺布的上部面及下部面的微细纤维层112、113形成。
上述纤维无纺布111由平均直径为10μm至20μm的纤维形成，分别层叠在上述纤维无纺布111上部面及下部面的上端微细纤维层112及下端微细纤维层113由平均直径为2μm至6μm的纤维形成。
形成上述纤维无纺布111和微细纤维层112、113的纤维可使用通常可以用作吸声材料的高分子，代表性地，可选自由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚酰胺共聚物、聚氨酯、聚酯、聚酯共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯以及聚乙烯醇组成的组中的一种以上。
上述纤维无纺布111起到提高薄膜纤维层110的物性(拉伸强度)以及空气阻抗率的作用。当形成上述纤维无纺布111的纤维的平均直径为10μm至20μm时，可使空气阻抗率提高至规定以上。
上述微细纤维层112、113在提高空气阻抗率的同时，起到将声波能量转换成热能或振动能量的作用。优选地，形成上述上端微细纤维层112及上述下端微细纤维层113的纤维的平均直径为2μm至6μm，这是因为在上述范围内通过相对于重量提高空气阻抗率来增加吸声性能。
优选地，上述薄膜纤维层110的每单位面积的重量为30g/m2至100g/m2，厚度为0.2mm至1mm，这是因为在上述范围内相对于价格具有优秀的吸声性能。
并且，优选地，上述薄膜纤维层110的空气阻抗率为1000000Pa.s/m2至5000000Pa.s/m2，如图5中所确认，这是因为在上述范围内可获得更好的吸声性能。
本发明的第一实施例的薄膜纤维层110与由单层形成的纤维层相比，具有更高的空气阻抗率，这可通过在图4示出的比较实验结果来确认。图4为对本发明的薄膜纤维层110与由单层形成的现有纤维层之间的吸声性能进行比较实验的曲线图。在本实验中使用如下的本发明的薄膜纤维层110：将平均直径为3μm的聚丙烯(PP)材料的纤维层叠在平均直径为30μm的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)材料的纤维无纺布111的上端微细纤维层112及下端微细纤维层113，并且面密度为70g/m2。而且，现有纤维层仅由平均直径为3μm的聚丙烯单一材料形成，并且分别将面密度为45g/m2、65g/m2、75g/m2的纤维层用作比较例。在本实验中，为了测定吸声性能，将本发明的薄膜纤维层110以及现有的纤维层以使气隙厚度达到10mm的方式固定在阻抗管，并且通过试管法测定吸声性能。
其结果，吸声材料100的吸声性能随着面密度的增加而提高，但本发明的轻质吸声材料100(面密度为70g/m2)与现有的吸声材料(面密度为75g/m2)相比，可以确认到在3000Hz以下的低频带具有优秀的吸声性能。尤其，由于上述低频带是汽车行驶时产生的噪音频域，因此若将上述薄膜纤维层110适用于汽车内部，则可以进一步提高吸声效果。
第二实施例
以下，参照图2说明本发明的第二实施例的轻质吸声材料100。图2示出在前述的第一实施例的薄膜纤维层110层叠有块层130的形态。上述块层130以由多个块131形成等间隔或不同间隔的方式层叠在上述薄膜纤维层110的下端微细纤维层113。若这种上述轻质吸声材料100附着于基材200，则在形成上述块层130的块131之间形成气隙300。其结果，可以进一步降低轻质吸声材料100的面密度，因此与现有的具有相同厚度的单层结构的吸声材料相比，可实现轻量化、可以减少费用，并且具有优秀的吸声性能。上述块131可以为毛毡(felt)材料或者高分子泡沫(foam)。
第三实施例
以下，参照图3说明本发明的第三实施例的轻质吸声材料100。以下，参照图3说明当附着本发明的轻质吸声材料100时形成气隙的另外创造的基材200。图3示出由第一实施例的薄膜纤维层110形成的轻质吸声材料100附着于上述基材200'的状态。上述基材200'向外部突出有多个突出支撑部210，通过使上述轻质吸声材料100与上述多个突出支撑部210相接触来附着，附着后，在上述突出支撑部210之间形成气隙300。上述突出支撑部210的高度可以为4mm至20mm，上述突出支撑部210可以在基材200'的注塑过程中形成，或者可通过在单独的粘结过程来与平面基材一体化。
如上所述，通过参照附图所示的实施例说明了本发明，但这仅仅是例示性的，应当理解，可以基于本技术所属领域中的普通知识来进行多种变形及等同的其它实施例。因此本发明的真正的技术保护范围依据所描述的技术保护范围，并且基于上述发明的具体内容而定。

Claims (7)

1.一种轻质吸声材料，其特征在于，
包括三层结构的薄膜纤维层，上述三层结构的薄膜纤维层包括：
纤维无纺布，由平均直径为10μm至20μm的纤维形成；以及
上端微细纤维层及下端微细纤维层，由平均直径为2μm至6μm的纤维形成，分别层叠于上述纤维无纺布的上部面及下部面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻质吸声材料，其特征在于，上述薄膜纤维层的每单位面积的重量为30g/m2至100g/m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻质吸声材料，其特征在于，上述薄膜纤维层的厚度为0.2mm至1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的轻质吸声材料，其特征在于，上述薄膜纤维层的空气阻抗率为1000000Pa.s/m2至5000000Pa.s/m2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轻质吸声材料，其特征在于，上述轻质吸声材料在上述下端微细纤维层层叠以具有间隔的方式排列有多个块的块层，从而当附着于基材时在上述块之间形成气隙。
6.根据权利要求5所述的轻质吸声材料，其特征在于，上述块为毛毡材料或者泡沫材料。
7.一种基材，附着有根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的轻质吸声材料，其特征在于，上述基材包括向外部突出的多个突出支撑部，当附着上述轻质吸声材料时，在上述突出支撑部之间形成气隙。
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