CN110757923A - 一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,包括织物层和TPU膜层,所述织物层的材质为尼龙牛津布,所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层,所述织物层和TPU膜层依靠所述粘合剂层牢固连接,所述粘合剂层由粘合剂固化形成,所述粘合剂由以下质量份数的组分混合而成:固含量为35‑40%的聚氨酯树脂100份、架桥剂2‑3份、促进剂0.5‑1份、滑爽剂3‑5份、抗水解剂2‑3份、溶剂10‑20份。本发明绿色环保,柔软性极佳,抗撕裂强度高,同时耐水性能优异,剥离强度高,气密性好,其综合性能与国外同类材料水平相当。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于救生衣生产领域,尤其是涉及一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
气胀式救生衣,又名充气救生衣,通过手动和自动两种充气方式充气,适用于客货轮、游艇、军用、水警、水上缉私艇、水上施工作业、海上钻井平台、抗洪救灾、打捞防汛、领航、水文、水利等领域,是目前使用最广泛的一种救生设备。
气胀式救生衣囊体材料属于柔性复合材料,是制备气胀式救生衣的重要原料。由于救生衣的应用涉及使用者的生命安全,因此国际上相关机构对救生衣产品及相关的材料的生产有严苛的要求(断裂强度、抗撕裂性能、剥离强度、柔软性等)、标准和认证机制。例如,气胀式救生衣产品及相关的材料进入欧盟市场需要通过CE认证,进入北美市场需要经过UL认证。
由于大陆地区还没有满足要求的气胀式救生衣囊体材料生产企业,因此气胀式救生衣囊体材料均为国外进口。目前,生产气胀式救生衣囊体材料的主要瓶颈在于剥离强度、抗撕裂强度和耐水解性能三者的平衡问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明旨在提出一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料及其制备方法,该囊体材料绿色环保,柔软性极佳,抗撕裂强度高,同时耐水性能优异,剥离强度高,气密性好,其综合性能与国外同类材料水平相当。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,包括织物层和TPU膜层,所述织物层的材质为尼龙牛津布,所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层,所述织物层和TPU膜层依靠所述粘合剂层牢固连接,所述粘合剂层由粘合剂固化形成,所述粘合剂由以下质量份数的组分混合而成:固含量为35-40%的聚氨酯树脂100份、架桥剂2-3份、促进剂0.5-1份、滑爽剂3-5份、抗水解剂2-3份、溶剂10-20份。
进一步的,所述织物层的纤度为210D,所述TPU膜层的材质为聚醚型或聚碳酸酯型TPU。
采用上述技术方案,纤度为210D的尼龙牛津布作为织物层可提供高的力学性能,纤度高的整体重量太重,而且手感硬;纤度低的力学性能无法满足使用要求。
进一步的,所述聚氨酯树脂为双组份聚醚型或聚己内酯型聚氨酯树脂。
采用上述技术方案,双组份聚醚型或聚己内酯型聚氨酯树脂耐水解性性能较好,耐温性高,弹性模量低。
进一步的,所述架桥剂为多异氰酸酯,优选地,所述架桥剂为缩二脲多异氰酸酯、三聚体型多异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷加成物中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物,所述促进剂为NCO架桥促进剂或者有机胺化合物中的任意一种或两种的混合物,所述滑爽剂为有机硅油脂聚合物,所述抗水解剂为碳化二亚胺,所述溶剂为丁酮、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物。
采用上述技术方案,在聚氨酯树脂中添加活性强的架桥剂、促进剂、抗水解剂及滑爽剂,保证TPU膜和骨架织物之间具有高的剥离强力和耐水解性能,同时滑爽剂的加入对于涂层织物的柔软度也有明显的改善。
本发明还提供了一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:织物预处理:首先在轧光机上对织物进行轧光处理,得到预处理后织物;
步骤二:涂胶:采用网线辊转移涂层或喷涂的方式向预处理后织物的轧光面进行涂胶,涂胶时,胶液的粘度为80000-100000cP,上胶量为25-30g/m2,然后经过烘箱加热干燥,烘燥温度为140-150℃,烘燥时间为1-1.5min,得到涂层织物;
步骤三:挤出流延涂覆:TPU颗粒料经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后,通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜,然后与涂层织物进行贴合,得到成品。
采用上述技术方案,摒弃传统的刮刀刮涂方式,采用网线辊转移涂层或喷涂的方式向预处理后织物的轧光面进行涂胶,降低涂层胶对织物的渗透从而增强织物的手感柔软度。涂胶时,胶液的粘度为80000-100000cP,减少料对骨架织物的渗透,从而进一步提高材料的手感柔软度,胶液的粘度太高无法进行涂布,胶液的粘度太低涂布时渗透太多,手感太硬。上胶量为25-30g/m2。挤出流延涂覆环节,采用胶体与颗粒熔体熔态一致原理达到基材与膜材的高强粘合,获得高剥离强度、高气密性的复合材料。
进一步的,所述步骤一中,轧光机的轧辊压力为8-10bar,轧光机的轧辊温度为120-140℃。
采用上述技术方案,使织物通过设定合适压力(8-10bar)和温度(120-140℃)的轧辊,织物表面经过温度和压力的作用,使其表面紧密平滑,减少了涂层胶的渗透,进一步提高了织物的抗撕裂性能,并最大程度保持住织物的柔软性能。
进一步的,所述步骤二中,涂胶完成后,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿,加湿时间不少于10s,加湿完成后收卷。
进一步的,所述步骤三中,TPU颗粒料的硬度为70-75A,粒径为2-4mm。
采用上述技术方案,TPU颗粒料硬度相对较低的70-75A的聚醚型或聚碳酸酯型TPU颗粒料,该TPU颗粒料制成的TPU膜气密性佳,耐水解性能高,同时有利于提高复合材料的柔软度。
进一步的,所述步骤三中,挤出流延涂覆时,对织物进行红外烘烤,烘烤温度为80-100℃,烘烤时间不少于10s,而且进行红外烘烤的同时,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿。
采用上述技术方案,涂层织物收卷时进行加湿器预加湿,然后下一道工序挤出流延涂覆时,再次在生产线上对涂层织物未涂胶面进行预加湿,经过对半成品两次的预加湿,从而大大降低了复合材料卷边的程度,方便了后续制品的加工成型。
进一步的,所述步骤三中,挤出流延涂覆后得到的成品,经回火辊单元进行应力消除及冷却定型,回火辊共四组,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90-100℃,后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40-50℃。
采用上述技术方案,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90-100℃,保证TPU与织物复合之后,在冷却定型之前进行应力消除。后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40-50℃,作用是让复合材料冷却定型。经过这一个特别的流程设计从根本上解决了复合材料卷边问题。
相对于现有技术,本发明所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料及其制备方法具有以下优势:
(1)本发明所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,作为一种新型的功能材料,绿色环保,通过了救生衣CE认证;采用弯曲长度表示其柔软性,该材料的弯曲长度可达到2-3cm(一般同类产品弯曲长度为5-6cm),手感极其柔软;该材料剥离强度非常高,可达到120-150N/cm(一般同类产品剥离强度为40N/cm),在水中能持久保持良好的气密性能;而且该材料具有优异的耐水解性能,在70℃的水中浸泡42天,不会出现破裂或分层,剥离强度可以保持90%以上。同时,该材料的撕裂强度可达到50N,比市面上的产品高出30%左右,提高了救生衣在使用过程中的安全性。
(2)本发明所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,涂胶后后织物进行加湿器预加湿,然后收卷成半成品。然后下一道工序挤出流延涂覆时,再次在生产线上对涂层织物未涂胶面进行预加湿,经过对半成品两次的预加湿,大大降低了复合材料卷边的程度。挤出流延涂覆后,复合材料经回火辊单元进行冷却定型及应力消除,回火辊共四组,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90-100℃,后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40-50℃。经过这一个特别的流程设计从根本上解决了复合材料卷边问题,方便了后续制品的加工成型。
具体实施方式
除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂,如无特殊说明,均为常规生化试剂;所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,包括织物层和TPU膜层,所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层,所述织物层和TPU膜层依靠粘合剂层牢固连接,所述粘合剂层由粘合剂固化形成,所述粘合剂由以下质量份数的组分常温下搅拌5min制成:固含量为40%的聚氨酯树脂100份、架桥剂缩二脲多异氰酸酯3份、NCO架桥促进剂AC-100D 1份、滑爽剂有机硅油脂聚合物BD-3388 3份、抗水解剂碳化二亚胺2份、溶剂丁酮10份。
所述织物层由纤维粗度为210D的尼龙牛津布制成。
所述TPU膜层由聚醚型TPU制成。
所述聚氨酯树脂为耐水解性能较好、耐温性高,弹性模量较低的双组份聚醚型聚氨酯树脂。
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:织物预处理:首先在轧光机上对织物进行轧光处理,轧光机的轧辊压力为10bar,轧光机的轧辊温度为120℃,得到预处理后织物。
步骤二:涂胶:采用网线辊转移涂层或喷涂的方式向预处理后织物的轧光面进行涂胶,涂胶时,胶的粘度为90000cP,上胶量为30g/m2,然后经过烘箱加热干燥,烘燥温度为140℃,烘燥时间为1min,得到涂层织物;
步骤三:挤出流延涂覆:选取硬度为70-75A,粒径为2-4mm的TPU颗粒料,经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后,通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜,然后与涂层织物进行贴合,得到成品。
为解决复合材料的卷边问题,涂胶完成后,织物收卷时,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿,加湿器每隔10cm设置一个,加湿时间为10s。加湿完成后收卷。挤出流延涂覆时,对织物进行红外烘烤,烘烤温度为80℃,烘烤时间为10s,进行红外烘烤之前,再次采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿。挤出流延涂覆后,经回火辊单元进行冷却定型及应力消除,回火辊共四组,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90℃,后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40℃。
实施例2
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,包括织物层和TPU膜层,所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层,所述织物层和TPU膜层依靠粘合剂层牢固连接,所述粘合剂层由粘合剂固化形成,所述粘合剂由以下质量份数的组分常温下搅拌10min制成:固含量为40%的聚氨酯树脂100份、架桥剂六亚甲基二异氰酸酯2份、NCO架桥促进剂AC-100D 1份、滑爽剂有机硅油脂聚合物SP-2410 5份、抗水解剂碳化二亚胺2份、溶剂丁酮10份。
所述织物层由纤度为210D的尼龙牛津布制成。
所述TPU膜层由聚醚型TPU制成。
所述聚氨酯树脂为耐水解性能较好、耐温性高,弹性模量较低的双组份聚醚型聚氨酯树脂。
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:织物预处理:首先在轧光机上对织物进行轧光处理,轧光机的轧辊压力为10bar,轧光机的轧辊温度为140℃,得到预处理后织物。
步骤二:涂胶:采用网线辊转移涂层或喷涂的方式向预处理后织物的轧光面进行涂胶,涂胶时,胶的粘度为100000cP,上胶量为30g/m2,然后经过烘箱加热干燥,烘燥温度为140℃,烘燥时间为1min,得到涂层织物;
步骤三:挤出流延涂覆:选取硬度为70-75A,粒径为2-4mm的TPU颗粒料,经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后,通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜,然后与涂层织物进行贴合,得到成品。
为解决复合材料的卷边问题,涂胶完成后,织物收卷时,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿,加湿器每隔10cm设置一个,加湿时间为10s。加湿完成后收卷。挤出流延涂覆时,对织物进行红外烘烤,烘烤温度为80℃,烘烤时间为10s,进行红外烘烤之前,再次采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿。挤出流延涂覆后,经回火辊单元进行冷却定型及应力消除,回火辊共四组,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90℃,后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40℃。
实施例3
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,包括织物层和TPU膜层,所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层,所述织物层和TPU膜层依靠粘合剂层牢固连接,所述粘合剂层由粘合剂固化形成,所述粘合剂由以下质量份数的组分常温下搅拌5min制成:固含量为40%的聚氨酯树脂100份、架桥剂HDI三聚体3份、促进剂二甲胺基乙氧基乙醇0.5份、滑爽剂有机硅油脂聚合物SP-2410 3份、抗水解剂碳化二亚胺3份、溶剂甲苯20份。
所述织物层由纤度为210D的尼龙牛津布制成。
所述TPU膜层由聚醚型TPU制成。
所述聚氨酯树脂为耐水解性能较好、耐温性高,弹性模量较低的双组份聚醚型聚氨酯树脂。
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:织物预处理:首先在轧光机上对织物进行轧光处理,轧光机的轧辊压力为8bar,轧光机的轧辊温度为120℃,得到预处理后织物。
步骤二:涂胶:采用网线辊转移涂层或喷涂的方式向预处理后织物的轧光面进行涂胶,涂胶时,胶的粘度为80000cP,上胶量为25g/m2,然后经过烘箱加热干燥,烘燥温度为140℃,烘燥时间为1min,得到涂层织物;
步骤三:挤出流延涂覆:选取硬度为70-75A,粒径为2-4mm的TPU颗粒料,经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后,通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜,然后与涂层织物进行贴合,得到成品。
为解决复合材料的卷边问题,涂胶完成后,织物收卷时,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿,加湿器每隔10cm设置一个,加湿时间为10s,加湿完成后收卷。挤出流延涂覆时,对织物进行红外烘烤,烘烤温度为80℃,烘烤时间为10s,进行红外烘烤之前,再次采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿。挤出流延涂覆后,经回火辊单元进行冷却定型及应力消除,回火辊共四组,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90℃,后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40℃。
实施例4
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,包括织物层和TPU膜层,所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层,所述织物层和TPU膜层依靠粘合剂层牢固连接,所述粘合剂层由粘合剂固化形成,所述粘合剂由以下质量份数的组分常温下搅拌5min制成:固含量为40%的聚氨酯树脂100份、架桥剂甲苯二异氰酸酯3份、促进剂二甲胺基乙氧基乙醇1份、滑爽剂有机硅油脂聚合物BD-3388 5份、抗水解剂碳化二亚胺2份、溶剂甲苯10份。
所述织物层由纤度为210D的尼龙牛津布制成。
所述TPU膜层由聚醚型TPU制成。
所述聚氨酯树脂为耐水解性能较好、耐温性高,弹性模量较低的双组份聚己内酯型聚氨酯树脂。
一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:织物预处理:首先在轧光机上对织物进行轧光处理,轧光机的轧辊压力为10bar,轧光机的轧辊温度为140℃,得到预处理后织物。
步骤二:涂胶:采用网线辊转移涂层或喷涂的方式向预处理后织物的轧光面进行涂胶,涂胶时,胶的粘度为100000cP,上胶量为30g/m2,然后经过烘箱加热干燥,烘燥温度为140℃,烘燥时间为1min,得到涂层织物;
步骤三:挤出流延涂覆:选取硬度为70-75A,粒径为2-4mm的TPU颗粒料,经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后,通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜,然后与涂层织物进行贴合,得到成品。
为解决复合材料的卷边问题,涂胶完成后,织物收卷时,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿,加湿器每隔10cm设置一个,加湿时间为10s,加湿完成后收卷。挤出流延涂覆时,对织物进行红外烘烤,烘烤温度为80℃,烘烤时间为10s,进行红外烘烤之前,再次采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿。挤出流延涂覆后,经回火辊单元进行冷却定型及应力消除,回火辊共四组,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90℃,后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40℃。
对比例
市售的TPU复合材料,该TPU复合材料采用210D牛津布单面贴合0.12mmTPU。
对实施例和对比例所得成品进行弯曲长度、柔软度、剥离牢度、耐水解性能、撕裂强力、卷边程度进行测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1实施例和对比例测试结果数据表
通过测试结果可以看出,采用本发明所述方法制备的囊体材料柔软性极佳,抗撕裂强度高,同时耐水性能优异,剥离强度高,气密性好,平整不卷曲,易于以后工序的操作。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,其特征在于:包括织物层和TPU膜层,所述织物层的材质为尼龙牛津布,所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层,所述织物层和TPU膜层依靠所述粘合剂层牢固连接,所述粘合剂层由粘合剂固化形成,所述粘合剂由以下质量份数的组分混合而成:固含量为35-40%的聚氨酯树脂100份、架桥剂2-3份、促进剂0.5-1份、滑爽剂3-5份、抗水解剂2-3份、溶剂10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,其特征在于:所述织物层的纤度为210D,所述TPU膜层的材质为聚醚型或聚碳酸酯型TPU。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,其特征在于:所述聚氨酯树脂为双组份聚醚型或聚己内酯型。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料,其特征在于:所述架桥剂为多异氰酸酯,优选地,所述架桥剂为缩二脲多异氰酸酯、三聚体型多异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷加成物中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物,所述促进剂为NCO架桥促进剂或者有机胺化合物中的任意一种或两种的混合物,所述滑爽剂为有机硅油脂聚合物,所述抗水解剂为碳化二亚胺,所述溶剂为丁酮、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物。
5.一种高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤一:织物预处理:首先在轧光机上对织物进行轧光处理,得到预处理后织物;
步骤二:涂胶:采用网线辊转移涂层或喷涂的方式向预处理后织物的轧光面进行涂胶,涂胶时,胶液的粘度为80000-100000cP,上胶量为25-30g/m2,然后经过烘箱加热干燥,烘燥温度为140-150℃,烘燥时间为1-1.5min,得到涂层织物;
步骤三:挤出流延涂覆:TPU颗粒料经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后,通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜,然后与涂层织物进行贴合,得到成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,轧光机的轧辊压力为8-10bar,轧光机的轧辊温度为120-140℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中,涂胶完成后,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿,加湿时间不少于10s,加湿完成后收卷。
8.根据权利要求5所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,TPU颗粒料的硬度为70-75A,粒径为2-4mm。
9.根据权利要求5所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,挤出流延涂覆时,对织物进行红外烘烤,烘烤温度为80-100℃,烘烤时间不少于10s,而且进行红外烘烤前,采用加湿器对织物未涂胶的一面进行加湿。
10.根据权利要求9所述的高性能气胀式救生衣囊体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,挤出流延涂覆后得到的成品,经回火辊单元进行应力消除及冷却定型,回火辊共四组,前两组回火辊辊筒的温度为90-100℃,后两组回火辊辊筒的温度为40-50℃。
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