CN112297551A - 一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN112297551A
CN112297551A CN202011175063.2A CN202011175063A CN112297551A CN 112297551 A CN112297551 A CN 112297551A CN 202011175063 A CN202011175063 A CN 202011175063A CN 112297551 A CN112297551 A CN 112297551A
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evacuation slide
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CN112297551B (zh
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胡国银
张积财
张涛
张红芸
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Cta Hi Tech Textiles Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料及其制备方法，所述的材料包括PU涂层、织物层、粘合剂层、TPU膜层，所述的织物层、TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层，所述的粘合剂层穿过织物层的布纹，经过固化交联作用与织物层牢固粘接，将所述的PU涂层、织物层、TPU膜层粘接成一个整体。本发明通过优化配方和工艺参数，制得的材料剥离强力、撕裂强力和阻燃同时达标，克服了本领域的技术难题。

Description

一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于救生材料领域，尤其是涉及一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料及其制造方法。
背景技术
早先的救生滑梯的涂覆压延材料是NR、CR并用胶，骨架为尼龙织物，为提高充气部位耐寒性能也曾使用NR、BR并用胶。最早的生产工艺是生胶布粘着成型，然后进行罐硫化，产品外观质量差，后来发展成用半硫化或硫化胶布冷粘成型(半硫化胶布成型后再进行二次硫化)，主要是提高外观质量，但橡胶材质做成的气囊存在产品厚重，耐老化性能差，抗压抗暴破性能不够大，抗割刺划性能不好，加工成型不方便等缺点，而且生产过程不环保，有污染。近些年来国内也有用PVC胶布经热压合生产。但PVC耐寒性能差，在飞机、远洋轮上很少用，而在游艇、旅游、娱乐制品中应用较多。国外许多企业用TPU经热压合生产救生滑梯，可提高产品性能和外观质量。滑梯的材料由合成橡胶或涂有氨基甲酸乙酯涂料的尼龙布发展为轻薄、高强、阻燃、气密、防静电的环保型的聚氨脂胶布。热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)因具有优良的综合性能，强度高、弹性高、耐磨性耐候性优异，也是一种环境友好型材料，可降解、可回收再利用，已经慢慢取代橡胶和PVC，逐步成为弹性体材料的主流发展方向。随着TPU产量增加和国内对环保的重视，TPU必将获得推广。
国外公司在航空救生复合材料已发展很长时间，技术很成熟，材料的性能各方面比国内要好。与国外一些发展较早的国家相比，我国在材料基础研究、工程化应用研究以及工业化批量生产等方面还存在不小的差距。目前，国内用于航空撤离滑梯的材料无一例外均从国外进口，国内还没有相关部门或者企业带头来做该领域材料的国产化这个事情。该项目研制成功后，将改变该领域复合材料依赖进口的局面。同时，随着我国C919大客机的研制与生产，极大地带动了我国复合材料的发展。通过对国产大飞机撤离滑梯复合材料的国产化，不论是对纺织行业还是我们公司都将产生巨大的经济和社会效益。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料及其制造方法，该材料解决了剥离强力、撕裂强力和阻燃同时达标的难题。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，包括PU涂层、织物层、粘合剂层、TPU膜层，所述的织物层、TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层，所述的粘合剂层穿过织物层的布纹，经过固化剂的交联作用与织物层牢固粘接，将所述的PU涂层、织物层、TPU膜层粘接成一个整体。
优选地，所述的PU涂层包括如下重量份数的组分：一液半聚醚型PU树脂100份、多异氰酸酯型架桥剂3-5份、溴锑复配阻燃粉20-30份、色浆3-5份、防霉剂1-2份、抗静电剂3-5份、增塑剂10-15份、溶剂20-30份。
该囊体材料需要采用搭接方式进行后期加工成型，所以需要两面均可以高频焊接。考虑到成本问题，其中一面采用PU层方式。另一面贴TPU膜。考虑到材料的阻燃性能、耐候性及抗静电要求，作为外面使用的PU coating配方里面添加阻燃剂、色浆、防霉剂及抗静电剂。
阻燃粉20-30份即可满足阻燃要求，再添加多会影响剥离牢度，小于20份阻燃性能不能满足要求；实验证明色浆的添加对于材料的耐候性有提高；防霉剂和抗静电剂用量多了均对材料的剥离牢度有影响，必须严格控制。
关键助剂增塑剂的添加对于涂层织物撕裂提高有非常明显的效果，但不能添加过量，否则影响牢度。
实验证明PU涂层上胶量必须达到50g/m2(上限不超过70g,否则TPU膜重受影响，因为总重量有要求，要求质轻高强)以上，阻燃性能才能达标。
溴锑复配阻燃粉相比于溴系或者磷系等阻燃粉，阻燃效果更好，可能是由于更容易形成碳化包裹物，从而隔绝氧气阻燃。
所述的一液半聚醚型PU树脂的分子量为2000-3000，所述的抗静电剂为季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂与非离子型表面活性剂的复合物，所述的增塑剂为磷酸三苯酯。
一液半聚醚型PU树脂的分子量大粘接力差。其他类型增塑剂对剥离牢度有不同程度影响。
所述的织物层由210D/124T尼龙66牛津布制成。
210D尼龙普通纱牛津布强力无法满足标准要求，主要是拉伸强度。210D以上规格织物则成本增加，而且材料整体重量相应会增重，一是织物本身重量增大，二是涂层上胶量也会增重。
所述的PU涂层和TPU膜层的厚度均为0.08-0.1mm。
这个范围是满足各项性能要求的较优厚度范围，能够满足质轻高强的要求。
所述的粘合剂层包括如下重量份数的组分：双组份聚醚型PU树脂100份、多异氰酸酯架桥剂4-6份、溴锑复配阻燃粉8-10份、磷酸酯类高聚物3-5份、溶剂20-30份、有机硅氧烷树脂10-15份。
上述组分配比经过多次的实验摸索出来，考虑到材料用于制作气囊，对于耐压抗暴有要求，所以粘合层与骨架材料及TPU膜层的剥离牢度必须足够高才能满足使用要求。但经过多次实验验证，粘合层如果不添加一定比例的阻燃剂，贴合TPU后的复合材料阻燃性能无法满足要求。添加阻燃粉量过多对于粘合层的剥离牢度有影响，添加阻燃粉量过少阻燃性能不达标。同时，考虑到气囊材料不用时需要折叠存放，节省空间，便于存储，所以材料的柔软度必须尽量软，这里我们选择了双组份的聚氨酯胶水，弹性模量在0.5-1.5MPa。实验证明预上胶量必须达到30-50g/m2，阻燃性能才能达标。上限不超过50g,否则TPU膜重受影响，因为总重量有要求，要求质轻高强。
所述的双组份聚醚型PU树脂的分子量为2000-3000，弹性模量为0.5-1.5MPa，所述的磷酸酯类高聚物的分子量为300-400，所述的有机硅氧烷树脂的分子量为200-300。
双组份聚醚型PU树脂的分子量过大会导致其粘接力差。
所述的溴锑复配阻燃粉包括溴系阻燃剂和三氧化二锑，其中溴系阻燃剂和三氧化二锑的质量比为2:3-4，所述的溶剂为甲苯、丁酮、乙酸乙酯或DMF。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：织物预处理：首先在轧光机上对织物进行正、反面轧光处理，轧光机的轧辊压力为4-6bar，轧光机的轧辊温度为100-120℃，得到预处理后织物；
步骤二：PU涂层：采用刮刀刮涂方式向预处理后织物其中一面进行PU涂层，涂胶时，胶的粘度为80000-100000cP，上胶量为50-70g/m2，然后经过烘箱加热干燥，烘燥温度为140-160℃，烘燥时间为1-2min，得到单面涂层织物；
步骤三：预上胶打底：采用刮刀刮涂方式向预处理后织物另外一面进行打底涂层，涂胶时，胶的粘度为80000-100000cP，上胶量为30-50g/m2，然后经过烘箱加热干燥，烘燥温度为140-160℃，烘燥时间为1-2min，得到双面涂层织物；
步骤四：挤出流延涂覆：选取硬度为70-85A，粒径为2-4mm的TPU颗粒料，经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后，通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜，然后与涂层织物进行贴合，得到成品。
TPU膜层与粘合剂层都为聚氨酯材料，相似相溶，TPU粒子经过高温熔融塑化，通过模头均匀挤出成膜后与预处理后的骨架织物粘合层牢固地粘合在一起。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料及其制造方法具有以下优势：
(1)本发明通过配方和工艺参数的优化，织物正面贴合TPU，反面背涂PU，解决了剥离强力、撕裂强力和阻燃同时达标的难题，在剥离TPU面剥离牢度较高≥100N/25mm的情况下，能将撕裂做到60N以上。
(2)本发明中磷酸酯类高聚物和有机硅氧烷树脂的引入是提高撕裂强度的关键，原理是两种物质相当于润滑剂的作用，涂层后纱线滑移增加，撕扯织物时纱线更容易抱团，加大了受力纱线的数量，从而增大撕裂强度，同时，该助剂的引入不能影响剥离牢度。
具体实施方式
除有定义外，以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂，如无特殊说明，均为常规生化试剂；所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，包括PU涂层、织物层和TPU膜层，所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层。所述PU涂层由以下配方组成：
表1PU涂层的各组分及其添加量
名称 添加量
一液半聚醚型PU树脂HR-101 100
多异氰酸酯架桥剂L75 3
溴锑复配阻燃粉FK108 20
色浆8220 3
防霉剂JDTMP-001 1
抗静电剂PR071-5 3
增塑剂TPP 10
溶剂TOL 25
所述织物层由210D/124T尼龙66牛津布制成。
所述TPU膜层为厚0.08-0.1mm的阻燃型聚醚TPU，硬度为70-85A。超过85A手感偏硬。
所述的粘合剂层由以下配方组成：
表2粘合剂层的各组分及其添加量
Figure BDA0002748475390000061
Figure BDA0002748475390000071
一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：织物预处理：首先在轧光机上对织物进行正、反面轧光处理，轧光机的轧辊压力为4bar，轧光机的轧辊温度为100℃，得到预处理后织物；
步骤二：PU涂层：采用刮刀刮涂方式向预处理后织物其中一面进行PU涂层。涂胶时，胶的粘度为100000cP，上胶量为50g/m2，然后经过烘箱加热干燥，烘燥温度为160℃，烘燥时间为2min，得到单面涂层织物；
步骤三：预上胶打底：采用刮刀刮涂方式向预处理后织物另外一面进行打底涂层。涂胶时，胶的粘度为100000cP，上胶量为30g/m2，然后经过烘箱加热干燥，烘燥温度为160℃，烘燥时间为2min，得到双面涂层织物；
步骤四：挤出流延涂覆：选取硬度为70-85A，粒径为2-4mm的TPU颗粒料，经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后，通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜，然后与涂层织物进行贴合，得到成品。
实施例2
一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，包括PU涂层、织物层和TPU膜层，所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层。所述PU涂层由以下配方组成：
表3PU涂层的各组分及其添加量
Figure BDA0002748475390000072
Figure BDA0002748475390000081
所述织物层由210D/124T尼龙66牛津布制成。
所述TPU膜层为厚0.08-0.1mm的阻燃型聚醚TPU，硬度为70-85A。超过85A手感偏硬。
所述的粘合剂层由以下配方组成：
表4粘合剂层的各组分及其添加量
名称 添加量
双组份聚醚型PU树脂RD75 100
多异氰酸酯型架桥剂L75 4
溴锑复配阻燃粉FK108 8
磷酸酯类高聚物BPDP 4
溶剂TOL 25
有机硅氧烷树脂SH9602 12
撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，包括PU涂层、织物层和TPU膜层，所述织物层和TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层。所述PU涂层由以下配方组成：
表5PU涂层的各组分及其添加量
名称 添加量
一液半聚醚型PU树脂HR-101 100
多异氰酸酯架桥剂L75 5
溴锑复配阻燃粉FK108 25
色浆8220 5
防霉剂JDTMP-001 1.5
抗静电剂PR071-5 3
增塑剂TPP 10
溶剂TOL 25
所述织物层由210D/124T尼龙66牛津布制成。
所述TPU膜层为厚0.08-0.1mm的阻燃型聚醚TPU，硬度为70-85A。超过85A手感偏硬。
所述的粘合剂层由以下配方组成：
表6粘合剂层的各组分及其添加量
Figure BDA0002748475390000091
Figure BDA0002748475390000101
撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料的制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例1
与实施例1不同之处在于：PU涂层中未添加TPP，溴锑复配阻燃粉10份，其他组分和制备工艺均相同。
对比例2
与实施例1不同之处在于：粘合剂层未添加磷酸酯类高聚物和有机硅氧烷树脂，其他组分和制备工艺均相同。
对比例3
与实施例1不同之处在于：粘合剂层的双组份聚醚型PU树脂改为单组分，且未添加溴锑复配阻燃粉，其他组分和制备工艺均相同。
实施例和对比例的性能测试结果见表7。
表7实施例和对比例的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002748475390000102
Figure BDA0002748475390000111
对表7进行分析，该材料的难点是剥离、阻燃及撕裂同时达标，实施例1-3的剥离、阻燃及撕裂均能同时打标，对比例1、2撕裂均不高，对比例1、3阻燃不高，对比例3剥离力不高。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：包括PU涂层、织物层、粘合剂层、TPU膜层，所述的织物层、TPU膜层之间设有粘合剂层，所述的粘合剂层穿过织物层的布纹，经过固化剂的交联作用与织物层牢固粘接，将所述的PU涂层、织物层、TPU膜层粘接成一个整体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：所述的PU涂层包括如下重量份数的组分：一液半聚醚型PU树脂100份、多异氰酸酯型架桥剂3-5份、溴锑复配阻燃粉20-30份、色浆3-5份、防霉剂1-2份、抗静电剂3-5份、增塑剂10-15份、溶剂20-30份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：所述的一液半聚醚型PU树脂的分子量为2000-3000，所述的抗静电剂为季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂与非离子型表面活性剂的复合物，所述的增塑剂为磷酸三苯酯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：所述的织物层由210D/124T尼龙66牛津布制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：所述的PU涂层和TPU膜层的厚度均为0.08-0.1mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：所述的粘合剂层包括如下重量份数的组分：双组份聚醚型PU树脂100份、多异氰酸酯架桥剂4-6份、溴锑复配阻燃粉8-10份、磷酸酯类高聚物3-5份、溶剂20-30份、有机硅氧烷树脂10-15份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：所述的双组份聚醚型PU树脂的分子量为2000-3000，弹性模量为0.5-1.5MPa，所述的磷酸酯类高聚物的分子量为300-400，所述的有机硅氧烷树脂的分子量为200-300。
8.根据权利要求2或6所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料，其特征在于：所述的溴锑复配阻燃粉包括溴系阻燃剂和三氧化二锑，其中溴系阻燃剂和三氧化二锑的质量比为2:3-4，所述的溶剂为甲苯、丁酮、乙酸乙酯或DMF。
9.权利要求1-8任意一项所述的撤离滑梯/救生筏囊体材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
步骤一：织物预处理：首先在轧光机上对织物进行正、反面轧光处理，轧光机的轧辊压力为4-6bar，轧光机的轧辊温度为100-120℃，得到预处理后织物；
步骤二：PU涂层：采用刮刀刮涂方式向预处理后织物其中一面进行PU涂层，涂胶时，胶的粘度为80000-100000cP，上胶量为50-70g/m2，然后经过烘箱加热干燥，烘燥温度为140-160℃，烘燥时间为1-2min，得到单面涂层织物；
步骤三：预上胶打底：采用刮刀刮涂方式向预处理后织物另外一面进行打底涂层，涂胶时，胶的粘度为80000-100000cP，上胶量为30-50g/m2，然后经过烘箱加热干燥，烘燥温度为140-160℃，烘燥时间为1-2min，得到双面涂层织物；
步骤四：挤出流延涂覆：选取硬度为70-85A，粒径为2-4mm的TPU颗粒料，经过挤出流延涂覆机的螺杆高温熔融塑化后，通过厚度精密控制的扁平模头均匀挤出成膜，然后与涂层织物进行贴合，得到成品。
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