CN110754319A - Cultivation method of Christmas kalanchoe - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of Christmas kalanchoe herb, which comprises three steps of seedling cultivation, potting and management and flowering phase regulation; wherein the nursery stock cultivation comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing perlite, vermiculite and coconut shred to prepare a matrix, and filling the matrix into a seedling raising basket; selecting strong and thick leaves of the Kalanchoe christinae Hance, cutting off the leaves from the base of the petioles, soaking the leaves in the pretreatment solution for 15-20 minutes, taking out the leaves, and airing the surface moisture to be used as a cutting material for later use; soaking the cutting material in rooting liquid for 8-10 sec, taking out and inserting into matrix; after 40 minutes, adding water to soak the substrate in the seedling growing blue to two thirds of the substrate, and after 20 minutes, completely discharging the water; rooting and culturing at 16-22 deg.C under illumination of 5000-.

Description

Cultivation method of Christmas kalanchoe

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of Christmas kalanchoe herb.

Background

Christmas kalanchoe, original African motor Calaga, also known as jonquil, kalanchoe, evergreen perennial herbaceous succulent plants. The plant is small and exquisite, the plant type is compact, the low plant cluster formed by the thick and bright leaves is emerald green all the year round, the flowers are dense, the flowering period is long, the ornamental value is high, the plant is commonly used for flower beds, show windows, halls and the like in public places, and the whole ornamental effect is excellent.

The propagation of the Christmas kalanchoe adopts an asexual propagation method, including pedicel cuttage, stem section cuttage, leaf cuttage and the like, and when the pedicel and stem section cuttage is adopted, the propagation is low because the method is limited by small quantity of cuttage materials, long rooting time and difficult rooting. The leaf cutting can use more propagation materials, but the conventional leaf cutting and management method is adopted, so that the rooting and the budding time are long, the rooting is little and weak, the seedling growth is not strong, the flowering is late, the flowering amount is small, and the flowering period is short.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of the Christmas kalanchoe, which shortens the cutting rooting and the bud differentiation of the leaves of the Christmas kalanchoe from the past 2-5 months to 15-30 days, and the rooting rate can reach 85-90 percent; meanwhile, the cultivation method realizes the purposes of advancing and delaying and prolonging the flowering time by regulating and controlling the flowering phase, and the flowering period of one year can reach 8 to 9 months.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the cultivation method of the Christmas kalanchoe comprises three steps of seedling cultivation, potting and management and flowering phase regulation; the nursery stock cultivation method comprises the following steps:

step S11: uniformly mixing perlite, vermiculite and coconut shred to prepare a matrix, and filling the matrix into a seedling raising basket; as a preferred scheme of the invention, the length and width of the seedling raising basket are 50 x 35 cm, and the pore space is 0.1 cm; the thickness of the substrate basket is 3-5 cm.

Step S12: selecting strong and thick leaves of the Kalanchoe christinae Hance, cutting off the leaves from the base of the petioles, soaking the leaves in the pretreatment solution for 15-20 minutes, taking out the leaves, and airing the surface moisture to be used as a cutting material for later use;

step S13: soaking the cutting material of the step S12 in a rooting solution for 8-10 seconds, taking out, and obliquely inserting into a matrix; as a preferred scheme of the invention, when the cutting material is obliquely inserted into the substrate, the spacing is 3 cm 5 cm, after 40 minutes, the cutting material is added with water and soaked to two thirds of the substrate in the seedling blue, and after 20 minutes, the water is completely discharged;

step S14: rooting and culturing at 16-22 deg.C under illumination of 5000-.

And step S11, mixing the perlite, the vermiculite and the coconut shred in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1.

step S12 pretreatment solution is composed of_C、V_B2、V_B6、V_EAccording to the mass ratio of 3: 2: 3:2, preparing 5-10 mg/L water solution.

The rooting solution in the step S13 is an indine-naphthalene mixture; preferably, the inddine-naphthalene mixture is 80% inddine-naphthalene wettable powder and 1% inddine-naphthalene water agent, and the use concentration is 800-year-round per L at 1000 mg/L; furthermore, the wettable powder of the inddine and naphthalene is 50% of inddine and 30% of naphthalene, and the aqueous solution of the inddine and naphthalene is 15% of inddine and 10% of naphthalene.

The leaf surface liquid fertilizer of the step S14 is: magnesium nitrate is sprayed at 1000 mg/L +5 mg/L zinc sulfate +50 mg/L naphthylacetic acid +0.05 mg/L vitamin C +1500 times carbendazim and/or 100mL calcium superphosphate leaching solution +50mL plant ash leaching solution +1 g ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid +1 g carbendazim or wet powder, and then diluted to 1000mL by adding water. As a preferred scheme of the invention, the foliar liquid fertilizer comprises a pre-rooting stage and a post-rooting stage, and the pre-rooting stage and the post-rooting stage are respectively as follows: nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early rooting stage, and 1000 mg/L of ammonium nitrate and 5 mg/L of zinc sulfate (trace elements), 50 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 0.05 mg/L of vitamin C and 1500 times of carbendazim are used in a matching manner. In the later rooting stage, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as the main raw material, 100mL of superphosphate leaching liquor, 50mL of plant ash leaching liquor, 1 g of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and 1 g of carbendazim or wet powder are added with water and diluted to 1000 mL. Wherein the raw liquid of the calcium superphosphate leaching is 5 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 10 kilograms of water, and the filtrate is taken after soaking for one week: the plant ash leaching liquor is prepared by adding 10 kg of water into 5 kg of plant ash, soaking for one week, and then taking the filtrate.

The pot loading and management specifically comprises the following steps:

step S21: mixing vegetable garden soil, purple sandy soil, turf, mushroom fungus residues, coconut residues, vegetable cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 65% zineb wettable powder to prepare a matrix, bagging and binding for fifteen days;

step S22: using plastic sponge or a little dried seaweed to fill the bottom of the flowerpot, adding the substrate obtained in the step S21 to one third of the flowerpot, and burying the rooted plantlets obtained in the step S14 into the substrate; as a preferable scheme of the invention, the caliber of the flowerpot is 18 centimeters.

Step S23: adding water to soak the matrix every 10-15 days, spraying foliar water for 3-5 times daily, wherein the spraying of the foliar water on the leaf surface is taken as the standard every time, and spraying foliar liquid fertilizer once 8-10 days after the seedling is released;

step S24: spraying the dwarfing agent for three times every 7-10 days from 8-10 cm of the seedling height, and aiming at controlling the growth height of the plant and promoting the growth of short bonds; pinching is carried out for 1-2 times when the plant height is 10-13 cm, and the aim is to promote multiple branches and multiple blossoms; the step can effectively control the height of the plant, and achieve the effects of beautiful plant, green leaves, more flowers and early flowers.

Step S21, mixing the vegetable garden soil, the purple sandy soil, the turf, the mushroom fungus residues, the coconut residues, the vegetable cake, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the 65% zineb wettable powder according to the mass ratio of 3: 3: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5: 0.01; preferably, the crude fiber ferments are added per 100 kg of substrate.

The foliar liquid fertilizer of the step S23 is ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, 2-water calcium chloride, 7-water magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 7-water ferrous sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 6-water nickel dichloride, zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and nicotinic acid, and the weight percentage is 10: 5: 0.5: 1.0: 1.0: 0.2: 5.0: 0.5: 0.01: 0.02: 0.01: 0.05 to prepare an aqueous solution.

Step S24, the dwarfing agent is composed of 60% of butyryl hydrazine and 40% of chlormequat chloride, and the use concentration is 3500 mg/L.

The flowering phase regulation and control specifically comprises the following steps:

step S31: starting to shade light from 5 noon to 7 morning after 7 months, and treating until flower buds develop color; it should be noted that, the normal illumination is received before 7 months, and no special treatment is performed;

step S32: irradiating with high intensity fluorescent lamp for 4-8 min in 12-15 square meter area for half a month every day to delay bud differentiation, and regulating blooming period in spring festival.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the light matrix material of perlite, vermiculite and coconut fibers is reasonably proportioned, has good solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase structures, creates a good growth environment for root development, can freely grow in the light matrix material, can promote the growth of multi-stage lateral roots by air root pruning, increases the surface area of the roots, can form an elastic root group by tightly interweaving the root system and the light matrix, and has strong bond and vitality of seedlings and no seedling revival stage after transplantation.

2. The pretreatment solution prepared from multiple vitamins has antioxidant effect on phenolic substances generated at the incision of the base part of the petiole, and can inhibit the phenolic substances exuded from the incision from causing self-poisoning browning and losing rooting capacity.

3. Indolebutyric acid and naphthylacetic acid in the rooting agent belong to plant growth promoter substances, indolebutyric acid is not easy to conduct in vivo after being breathed out, only remains at the base of the petiole of a treated part, and has strong effect on the growth of the roots, but the roots are not fixed to be long and thin. The low-solubility naphthylacetic acid can stimulate the growth of plants, can regulate the transport direction of substances in the plants, leads assimilation products to a growth point from a leaf, and can be used for cutting ears to root so that the cut is easy to generate callus, and the generated roots are short, thick and strong and have strong vitality. Although indolebutyric acid and naphthylacetic acid are commonly used plant growth agents, the two substances are used in a matching way to complement the functions of the two substances, so that a better composite effect is generated compared with the single use of the two substances, and the formula with the optimal concentration ratio and the optimal effect is mastered and screened by no one in the same industry at present. The cutting rooting and the bud differentiation of the leaves of the Christmas kalanchoe herb are shortened to 15 to 30 days from the past 2 to 5 months, and the rooting rate reaches 85 to 90 percent.

4. The foliar liquid fertilizer used after cuttage is a quick-acting liquid fertilizer prepared by processing raw materials which are easy to absorb and rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components according to the nutrient requirements before and after the cutting slips take roots.

5. The potted culture soil is loose and fertile, has rich, comprehensive and continuous nutrients, is slightly acidic, has good drainage performance, and is beneficial to the growth and development of roots and plants.

6. The butyryl hydrazine and the chlormequat chloride both belong to plant growth retardants, and the two are matched for use, so that the function is enhanced, the excessive growth of plants is inhibited, the appearance of the modified plants is adjusted, the flower falling is prevented, and the drought resistance, the cold resistance, the disease resistance and the insect damage resistance are improved.

7. The Christmas kalanchoe is a short-day plant, and shading and 'light interruption' treatment are timely carried out in the growth period to regulate and control the flowering phase, so that the flowering is advanced, delayed and prolonged, and the flowering time is 8-9 months per year.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to aid in the description of the invention and to better illustrate the claims, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example 1

First, nursery stock cultivation

1. Matrix material: perlite, vermiculite and coconut shred according to the proportion of 1: 1: 1 proportion and mixing evenly.

2. Seedling raising container: plastic blue (aperture 0.1 cm) with length and width 50 x 35 cm, and the matrix is filled in the plastic blue and the thickness is 3-5 cm.

3. Cutting material: selecting strong and thick leaves of Kalanchoe christinae, cutting off from the base of leaf stalk, soaking in pretreatment solution for 15-20 min, taking out the leaves, and air drying to remove water on leaf surface. The pretreatment solution was prepared from vitamins C, B2, B6, E, at a 3: 2: 3:2, preparing into 5-10 mg/L water solution.

4. Cuttage: soaking the base of the petiole in the rooting liquid for 8-10 seconds, taking out, obliquely inserting into the matrix at intervals of 3-5. The rooting solution is an indine-naphthalene mixture which is 50% of indine-naphthalene wettable powder (40% of indolebutyric acid and 10% of naphthylacetic acid): 1% of an aqueous solution of indacene and naphthalene (0.2% of naphthylacetic acid and 0.85% of indolebutyric acid), and the use solubility is 1000 mg/L.

5. And (3) irrigation: after the cuttage is finished, after 40 minutes, a switch on the tide seedbed is turned on, water is filled into the seedbed box and is soaked to the two thirds of the substrate in the seedling growing blue, and after 20 minutes, the water in the bed is completely discharged.

6. Daily management: keeping the temperature at 16-22 ℃, illuminating at 5000-. Spraying the thin foliar liquid fertilizer once in 3-5 days. The foliar liquid fertilizer is respectively as follows: nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early rooting stage, and 1000 mg/L of ammonium nitrate and 5 mg/L of zinc sulfate (trace elements), 50 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 0.05 mg/L of vitamin C and 1500 times of carbendazim are used in a matching manner. In the later rooting stage, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as the main raw material, 100mL of superphosphate leaching liquor, 50mL of plant ash leaching liquor, 1 g of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and 1 g of carbendazim or wet powder are added with water and diluted to 1000 mL.

Wherein, the raw liquid of the calcium superphosphate leaching, 5 kilograms of the calcium superphosphate and 10 kilograms of water are added, and the calcium superphosphate leaching liquid is taken to pass through liquid after being soaked for one week): the plant ash leaching liquor, 5 kilograms of plant ash and 10 kilograms of water are added, and the plant ash is soaked for a week and then is taken to pass through liquid.

Second, potting and management

1. Preparing a matrix: vegetable garden soil, purple sandy soil, turf, mushroom fungus residues, coconut residues, vegetable cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 65% zineb wettable powder in a proportion of 3: 3: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5: 0.01, adding crude fiber zymocyte into each 100 kg of the mixture, and packing the mixture in a plastic bag and tightly binding the plastic bag for fifteen days.

2. Potting: selecting a flowerpot with the caliber of 18 centimeters, using plastic sponge or a little dry seaweed to fill the bottom of the flowerpot, filling a substrate into one third of the flowerpot, taking out the rooted plantlet, lifting the plantlet into the center of the flowerpot by the left hand, filling the periphery of the plantlet with the substrate by the right hand, slightly pressing the substrate, and placing the plantlet on a tidal seedbed.

3. And (3) fertilizer and water management: the substrate is soaked once after water is released for 10 to 15 days, the foliar water is sprayed for 3 to 5 times daily, the spraying of the foliar liquid fertilizer is performed once after 8 to 10 days after the seedling is released, wherein the spraying of the foliar water is performed for 3 to 5 times each time.

Liquid fertilizer for leaf surfaces: the compound fertilizer is prepared from ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, 2-water calcium chloride, 7-water magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 7-water ferrous sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 6-water nickel dichloride, zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and nicotinic acid according to the mass percentage of 10: 5: 0.5: 1.0: 1.0: 0.2: 5.0: 0.5: 0.01: 0.02: 0.01: 0.05 to prepare an aqueous solution.

4. Controlling height, promoting strong multiple branches: spraying a dwarfing agent once every 7-10 days from 8-10 cm of the height of a seedling, continuously spraying the dwarfing agent three times, controlling the growth height of the plant and promoting the growth of short bonds; secondly, pinching is carried out for 1-2 times when the plant height is 10-13 cm, and multiple branches and multiple blossoms are promoted. Therefore, the height of the plant can be effectively controlled, and the effects of beautiful plant, green leaves, more flowers and early flowers are achieved.

Spraying a dwarfing agent: the liquid consists of 30% of butyryl hydrazine and 20% of chlormequat chloride, and the use concentration is 3500 mg/L.

Third, flowering phase regulation

1. Short-day treatment to promote early flowering

After 7 months, the whole stem and leaf of the Christmas kalanchoe plant are covered by black plastic when the light is shielded from the light at 5 noon to 7 morning, a completely dark environment is produced, 8-10 ventilation holes are punched on the bag, the lower part is opened at night for ventilation, and the treatment is carried out until the color of the flower buds is developed.

2. Long-day treatment and flowering delay: the ' light interruption ' treatment is adopted, the area is 12-15 square meters, a 100-watt high-intensity fluorescent lamp bulb is used, illumination for several minutes is given at about 12 o ' clock at night, the dark time is interrupted, half a month is continuously carried out, the flower bud differentiation is delayed, and the full-bloom stage is regulated and controlled in the spring festival.

Claims (10)

1. A cultivation method of Christmas kalanchoe comprises three steps of seedling cultivation, potting and management and flowering period regulation; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step S11: uniformly mixing perlite, vermiculite and coconut shred to prepare a matrix, and filling the matrix into a seedling raising basket;

step S12: selecting strong and thick leaves of the Kalanchoe christinae Hance, cutting off the leaves from the base of the petioles, soaking the leaves in the pretreatment solution for 15-20 minutes, taking out the leaves, and airing the surface moisture to be used as a cutting material for later use;

step S13: soaking the cutting material of the step S12 in a rooting solution for 8-10 seconds, taking out, and obliquely inserting into a matrix; after 40 minutes, adding water to soak the substrate in the seedling growing blue to two thirds of the substrate, and after 20 minutes, completely discharging the water;

step S14: rooting and culturing at 16-22 deg.C under illumination of 5000-.

2. The cultivation method of christmas kalanchoe according to claim 1, wherein the perlite, vermiculite and coconut shred are mixed in the mass ratio of 1: 1: 1.

3. the method for cultivating Christmas kalanchoe according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment solution of step S12 is V_C、V_B2、V_B6、V_EAccording to the mass ratio of 3: 2: 3:2, preparing 5-10 mg/L water solution.

4. The method for cultivating christmas kalanchoe according to claim 1, wherein the rooting solution of step S13 is a mixture of indriline and naphthalene; preferably, the inddine-naphthalene mixture is 80% inddine-naphthalene wettable powder and 1% inddine-naphthalene water agent, and the use concentration is 800-year-round per L at 1000 mg/L; furthermore, the wettable powder of the inddine and naphthalene is 50% of inddine and 30% of naphthalene, and the aqueous solution of the inddine and naphthalene is 15% of inddine and 10% of naphthalene.

5. The cultivation method of christmas kalanchoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer of step S14 is: magnesium nitrate is sprayed at 1000 mg/L +5 mg/L zinc sulfate +50 mg/L naphthylacetic acid +0.05 mg/L vitamin C +1500 times carbendazim and/or 100mL calcium superphosphate leaching solution +50mL plant ash leaching solution +1 g ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid +1 g carbendazim or wet powder, and then diluted to 1000mL by adding water.

6. The cultivation method of christmas kalanchoe according to claim 1, wherein the potting and the management are specifically:

step S21: mixing vegetable garden soil, purple sandy soil, turf, mushroom fungus residues, coconut residues, vegetable cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 65% zineb wettable powder to prepare a matrix, bagging and binding for fifteen days;

step S22: using plastic sponge or a little dried seaweed to fill the bottom of the flowerpot, adding the substrate obtained in the step S21 to one third of the flowerpot, and burying the rooted plantlets obtained in the step S14 into the substrate;

step S23: adding water to soak the matrix every 10-15 days, spraying foliar water for 3-5 times daily, wherein the spraying of the foliar water on the leaf surface is taken as the standard every time, and spraying foliar liquid fertilizer once 8-10 days after the seedling is released;

step S24: spraying the dwarfing agent for three times every 7-10 days from the height of the seedlings of 8-10 cm; pinching is carried out for 1-2 times when the plant height is 10-13 cm.

7. The cultivation method of the Christmas kalanchoe according to claim 6, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the vegetable garden soil, the purple sandy soil, the turf, the mushroom dregs, the coconut dregs, the vegetable cake, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the 65% zineb wettable powder in the step S21 is 3: 3: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5: 0.01; preferably, the crude fiber ferments are added per 100 kg of substrate.

8. The method for cultivating crambe christmas cabbage according to claim 6, wherein the foliar liquid fertilizer of step S23 is ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, 2-water calcium chloride, 7-water magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 7-water ferrous sulfate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 6-water nickel dichloride, zinc sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, nicotinic acid, and the weight percentage is 10: 5: 0.5: 1.0: 1.0: 0.2: 5.0: 0.5: 0.01: 0.02: 0.01: 0.05 to prepare an aqueous solution.

9. The cultivation method of Christmas kalanchoe according to claim 6, wherein the dwarfing agent in step S24 is composed of 60% butyryl hydrazine and 40% chlormequat chloride, and the concentration of the dwarfing agent is 3500 mg/L.

10. The cultivation method of christmas kalanchoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flowering phase control is specifically:

step S31: after 7 months, shading light from 5 noon to 7 morning until the bud is developed;

step S32: irradiating with high intensity fluorescent lamp for 4-8 min in 12-15 square meter area for half a month every day to delay bud differentiation, and regulating blooming period in spring festival.