CN110731500A - 可食膜的生产方法及可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品 - Google Patents
可食膜的生产方法及可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可食膜的生产方法及可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品,技术工艺包括以大豆分离蛋白/淀粉/甘油为基材,添加抗氧化乳化液制备成膜液,通过挤压流延在钢带上,经过热风加热和红外加热,结合抽真空干燥制备成可食膜,并利用可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品。本发明采用乳化技术将抗氧化剂包埋后再填充到可食膜中,增强抗氧化剂的稳定性,提高蛋白膜的抗氧化效果,利用可食膜可以生产出色泽金黄、酥脆的含馅料油炸食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可食膜的生产及其产品开发的技术,具体地说涉及一种具有抗氧化功能可食膜的生产方法及利用该可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品的方法,以大豆分离蛋白、淀粉和甘油为基材,添加抗氧化乳化液制成成膜液,通过流延方法制备可食膜,并利用可食膜制备油炸烹饪用的食品。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高,消费者除了要求食品营养以外,还非常在意食品的色泽和口感等品质。尤其,油炸食品表皮的酥脆口感也是决定质量好坏的重要因素之一。鱼卷、肉卷、春卷等含馅料的食品目前通常采用豆皮包装后进行油炸,在油炸过程容易变黑。而且,油炸后如果没有马上食用,经过一定时间豆皮容易吸收馅料中的水分,酥脆感会很快发生下降。另一方面,传统豆皮生产是将黄豆经过浸泡,去皮,磨浆,煮浆,点浆,挑皮,烘干等制备形成的,其中点浆还是需要加入石膏/卤水或葡萄糖酸内酯等凝固剂进行,这些添加剂将对人体健康有一定的影响,而且产品韧性差易断裂,在常温环境下不易保存,油脂含量高,导致油炸后容易变黑。因此,本发明利用大豆分离蛋白和淀粉的成膜特性,先将抗氧化物质通过乳化包埋,再添加到成膜溶液中,利用流延技术制备成具有良好的抗氧化功能和水分移动阻隔功能的可食膜,利用它可以生产出色泽金黄、酥脆的含馅料油炸食品。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种在油炸条件下不易氧化、机械性能好的可食膜的生产方法,并将可食膜应用于生产含馅料油炸食品。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种酥脆度更好的可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
本发明是一种可食膜的生产方法,包括以下步骤:(1) 抗氧化乳化液的制备:将大豆分离蛋白用纯净水溶解后,调配成质量浓度为6~8%的溶液, 在60~80℃下加热1 h后冷却至室温,加入蛋白质量5~10%的抗氧化剂、1~2%的乳化剂和1~3%的复合磷酸盐,经过乳化后制备成抗氧化乳化液;(2)成膜液的制备:大豆分离蛋白和淀粉用纯净水溶解后,调配成质量浓度为11~15%的溶液,加热至60-80℃,加入质量浓度为2-4%的甘油和步骤(1)调配得到的1%抗氧化乳化液,搅拌均匀,制备成膜液;(3)流延和干燥:成膜液挤压流延在钢带上,成膜液的挤压压力为20-100 kPa,成膜液的厚度为400-600 微米,经过加热干燥制备成可食膜;其中干燥条件为:真空度为10-40 kPa,干燥温度为60-80℃,干燥时间为5-10 min。
在步骤(1)中,所述的抗氧化剂由10-20%(w/w)茶多酚、25-40%(w/w)迷迭香、25-40%(w/w)没食子酸丙脂、5-15%(w/w)维生素E、2-8%(w/w)维生素C和2-8%(w/w)柠檬酸组成。
在步骤(1)中,所述的乳化剂为蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯和丙二醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种组合,乳化剂的亲水疏水平衡值为4-8。
在步骤(1)中,所述的复合磷酸盐由20-30%(w/w)三聚磷酸钠、20-30%(w/w)焦磷酸钠、20-30%(w/w)六偏磷酸钠和20-30%(w/w)三偏磷酸钠组成。
在步骤(2)中,所述的成膜液中:大豆分离蛋白的质量百分数为8-12%,淀粉的质量百分数为1-3%,其余为甘油、抗氧化乳化液和纯净水。
在步骤(2)中,所述的淀粉由30-40%(w/w)马铃薯淀粉、30-40%(w/w)玉米淀粉、10-20%(w/w)酯化淀粉和10-20%(w/w)氧化淀粉组成。
一种可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品,先将食品的馅料用可食膜包裹后油炸,或者通过蒸煮、冷却后再油炸,油炸温度为170-200 ℃,油炸时间为5-10 min。
所述的食品为含馅料食品,该含馅料食品为鱼卷、鸡肉卷、虾卷、猪肉卷、春卷中的一种。
采用上述方案后,由于本发明采用乳化技术将抗氧化剂包埋后再填充到可食膜中,可以增强抗氧化剂的稳定性,用可食膜包装鱼卷、鸡肉卷、虾卷、猪肉卷、春卷等馅料食品,油炸后不容易发黑,即使蒸煮后再油炸也不容易发黑,表明蒸煮过程抗氧化剂也不容易流失;而且通过添加复合磷酸盐,可以进一步提高蛋白的乳化性和抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果。另一方面,通过添加适合油炸的马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉,及具有良好成膜性能的酯化淀粉和氧化淀粉,优化比例,保证生产的可食膜拥有良好的机械性能。利用上述方案制备的可食膜可以生产出色泽金黄、酥脆的含馅料油炸食品。因此,本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明制备的可食膜具有良好的机械性能,可以适合含馅料食品的机械化生产,应用范围广。
2、本发明制备的可食膜在常温下保存不会发生干裂,在高温油炸下不易变黑。
3、利用本发明制备的可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品,表层色泽金黄、酥脆,可以提高产品整体弹性。
下面结合附表和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
附表说明
表1为可食膜的理化性质;
表2为含馅料油炸食品的感官评价。
具体实施方式
对照组
可食膜的制备:在100 L纯净水中加入10 kg大豆分离蛋白和2 kg甘油,搅拌均匀,在70℃下加热1h后,通过抽真空脱泡制备成膜液,再利用50 kPa的压力挤压流延在钢带上,成膜液的厚度为500 微米,经过热风加热和红外加热,在抽真空(真空度为20 kPa)下干燥,干燥温度为70 ℃,干燥时间为8 min,制备成可食膜产品。
含馅料油炸食品的制作:利用上述生产的可食膜包裹鸡肉糜,然后放在温度为180℃油锅中进行油炸,油炸时间为7 min,制备成油炸鸡肉卷产品,进行感官鉴定。
实施例1
可食膜的制备:(1)在1L纯净水中加入60 g的大豆分离蛋白,搅拌均匀,在60℃下加热1h后,冷却至室温,加入3 g抗氧化剂(0.6 g茶多酚、0.9 g迷迭香、0.9 g没食子酸丙脂、0.3g维生素E、0.15 g维生素C和0.15 g柠檬酸),0.6 g复合乳化剂(0.2g蔗糖脂肪酸酯、0.2 g甘油脂肪酸酯、0.1 g山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯和0.1 g丙二醇脂肪酸酯,复合乳化剂的亲水疏水平衡值达到4.0)和0.6 g复合磷酸盐(0.12 g三聚磷酸钠、0.12 g焦磷酸钠、0.18 g六偏磷酸钠和0.18 g三偏磷酸钠),在转速为10000 rpm下乳化10分钟,制备成乳化液;(2)在100L纯净水中加入10 kg大豆分离蛋白、2 kg淀粉(300 g马铃薯淀粉、300 g玉米淀粉、200 g马铃薯酯化淀粉、200 g氧化玉米淀粉)和2 kg甘油,搅拌均匀,在70℃加热1h后,通过抽真空脱泡制备成膜液,在50 kPa的压力下将成膜液挤压流延在钢带上,成膜液的厚度为500 微米,经过热风加热和红外加热,在抽真空(真空度为20 kPa)下干燥,干燥温度为70 ℃,干燥时间为8 min,制备成可食膜产品。
含馅料油炸食品的制作:利用上述生产的可食膜包裹鸡肉糜,然后放在温度为180℃油锅中进行油炸,油炸时间为7 min,制备成油炸鸡肉卷产品,进行感官鉴定。
实施例2
可食膜的制备:(1)在1L纯净水中加入70 g的大豆分离蛋白,搅拌均匀,在70℃下加热1h后,冷却至室温,加入5 g抗氧化剂(1.5 g茶多酚、1.25 g迷迭香、1.25 g没食子酸丙脂、0.75 g维生素E、0.1 g维生素C和0.15 g柠檬酸),1.4 g复合乳化剂(0.2g蔗糖脂肪酸酯、0.2 g甘油脂肪酸酯、0.5 g山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯和0.5 g丙二醇脂肪酸酯,复合乳化剂的亲水疏水平衡值达到8.0)和1.4 g复合磷酸盐(0.42 g三聚磷酸钠、0.42 g焦磷酸钠、0.28 g六偏磷酸钠和0.28 g三偏磷酸钠),在转速为10000 rpm下乳化10分钟,制备成乳化液;(2)在100 L纯净水中加入8 kg大豆分离蛋白、3 kg淀粉(1200 g马铃薯淀粉、1200 g玉米淀粉、300 g马铃薯酯化淀粉、和300 g氧化玉米淀粉)和3 kg甘油,搅拌均匀,在70℃加热1h后,通过抽真空脱泡制备成膜液,在20 kPa的压力下将成膜液挤压流延在钢带上,成膜液的厚度为400 微米,经过热风加热和红外加热,在抽真空(真空度为10 kPa)下干燥,干燥温度为70℃,干燥时间为8 min,制备成可食膜产品。
含馅料油炸食品的制作:利用上述生产的可食膜包裹鱼肉糜,然后放在温度为170℃油锅中进行油炸,油炸时间为10 min,制备成油炸鱼卷产品,进行感官鉴定。
实施例3
可食膜的制备:(1)在1L纯净水中加入80 g的大豆分离蛋白,搅拌均匀,在80℃下加热1h后,冷却至室温,加入8 g抗氧化剂(0.8 g茶多酚、3.2 g迷迭香、3.2 g没食子酸丙脂、0.4g维生素E、0.2 g维生素C和0.2 g柠檬酸),1.6 g复合乳化剂(0.3 g蔗糖脂肪酸酯、0.3g甘油脂肪酸酯、0.5 g山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯和0.5 g丙二醇脂肪酸酯,复合乳化剂的亲水疏水平衡值达到6.0)和2.4 g复合磷酸盐(0.72 g三聚磷酸钠、0.72 g焦磷酸钠、0.48 g六偏磷酸钠和0.48 g三偏磷酸钠),在转速为10000 rpm下乳化10分钟,制备成乳化液;(2)在100 L纯净水中加入12 kg大豆分离蛋白、1 kg淀粉(400 g马铃薯淀粉、400 g玉米淀粉、100 g马铃薯酯化淀粉、和100 g氧化玉米淀粉)和4 kg甘油,搅拌均匀,在80℃加热1h后,通过抽真空脱泡制备成膜液,在100 kPa的压力下将成膜液挤压流延在钢带上,成膜液的厚度为400微米,经过热风加热和红外加热,在抽真空(真空度为40 kPa)下干燥,干燥温度为80 ℃,干燥时间为5 min,制备成可食膜产品。
含馅料油炸食品的制作:利用上述生产的可食膜包裹猪肉糜,然后放在温度为200℃油锅中进行油炸,油炸时间为5 min,制备成油炸猪肉卷产品,进行感官鉴定。
可食膜利用质构仪进行检测,结果发现本发明制备的可食膜的抗拉伸强度和断裂延伸率都比大豆蛋白膜明显增加,表明通过添加抗氧化乳化剂和淀粉可以提高大豆蛋白膜的机械性能(表1)。而且,对可食膜制备的含馅料油炸食品进行感官评定(表2),与大豆蛋白膜相比,利用本发明制备的可食膜制备含馅料油炸食品颜色更金黄,而且油炸后在常温放置酥脆度不容易下降,更受消费者的欢迎。
综上所述,本发明利用大豆分离蛋白/淀粉/甘油为基材,添加抗氧化乳化液制备成膜液,通过挤压流延制备成可食膜,并利用可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品,将为可食膜的应用开辟新的途径。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施例,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。
表1可食膜的理化性质
表2 含馅料油炸食品的感官评价
对照组 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
表皮色泽 | 暗黄色 | 金黄色 | 金黄色 | 金黄色 |
酥脆度 | 刚油炸后酥脆,常温放置10 分钟后酥脆感明显下降 | 刚油炸后酥脆,常温放置10 分钟后酥脆感下降不明显 | 刚油炸后酥脆,常温放置10 分钟后酥脆感下降不明显 | 刚油炸后酥脆,常温放置10 分钟后酥脆感下降不明显 |
Claims (8)
1.一种可食膜的生产方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:(1) 抗氧化乳化液的制备:将大豆分离蛋白用纯净水溶解后,调配成质量浓度为6~8%的溶液, 在60~80℃下加热1 h后冷却至室温,加入蛋白质量5~10%的抗氧化剂、1~2%的乳化剂和1~3%的复合磷酸盐,经过乳化后制备成抗氧化乳化液;(2)成膜液的制备:大豆分离蛋白和淀粉用纯净水溶解后,调配成质量浓度为11~15%的溶液,加热至60-80℃,加入质量浓度为2-4%的甘油和步骤(1)调配得到的1%抗氧化乳化液,搅拌均匀,制备成膜液;(3)流延和干燥:成膜液挤压流延在钢带上,成膜液的挤压压力为20-100 kPa,成膜液的厚度为400-600 微米,经过加热、干燥制备成可食膜;其中干燥条件为:真空度为10-40 kPa,干燥温度为60-80℃,干燥时间为5-10 min。
2.如权利要求1所述的可食膜的生产方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述的抗氧化剂由10-20%(w/w)茶多酚、25-40%(w/w)迷迭香、25-40%(w/w)没食子酸丙脂、5-15%(w/w)维生素E、2-8%(w/w)维生素C和2-8%(w/w)柠檬酸组成。
3.如权利要求1所述的可食膜的生产方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述的乳化剂为蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯和丙二醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种组合,乳化剂的亲水疏水平衡值为4-8。
4.如权利要求1所述的可食膜的生产方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述的复合磷酸盐由20-30%(w/w)三聚磷酸钠、20-30%(w/w)焦磷酸钠、20-30%(w/w)六偏磷酸钠和20-30%(w/w)三偏磷酸钠组成。
5.如权利要求1所述的可食膜的生产方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所述的成膜液中:大豆分离蛋白的质量百分数为8-12%,淀粉的质量百分数为1-3%,其余为甘油、抗氧化乳化液和纯净水。
6.如权利要求1所述的可食膜的生产方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所述的淀粉由30-40%(w/w)马铃薯淀粉、30-40%(w/w)玉米淀粉、10-20%(w/w)酯化淀粉和10-20%(w/w)氧化淀粉组成。
7.一种根据权利要求1制备的可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品,其特征在于:先将食品的馅料用可食膜包裹后油炸,或者通过蒸煮、冷却后再油炸,油炸温度为170-200 ℃,油炸时间为5-10 min。
8.如权利要求7所述的可食膜生产含馅料油炸食品,其特征在于:所述的食品为含馅料食品,该含馅料食品为鱼卷、鸡肉卷、虾卷、猪肉卷、春卷中的一种。
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