CN110670361A - 一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物及其制备方法与应用，所述制备方法包含以下步骤：(a)用去离子水清洗后的织物基材置于置换剂中，对润湿后的织物基材进行真空干燥；(b)将步骤(a)所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，使织物基材充分吸收吡咯单体；(c)继续转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，使吡咯单体在织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应，反应完成后洗涤并自然干燥。所述织物为上述制备方法所制得的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。所述应用为高聚吡咯附着量导电织物在传感器、电热装置以及超级电容器中的应用。本发明使用浸渍‑氧化法可以减少吡咯单体的浪费，显著提高了织物的导电性；制备过程操作简单，有利于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及导电纺织材料领域，具体为一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
由于具有良好的导电性、较高的理论赝电容、合成方法简单、环境友好、成本相对碳材料较低等特点，聚吡咯是一种非常理想的导电材料；柔性导电材料因其在可穿戴领域具有广泛的应用前景而备受研究者们的关注。将聚吡咯和织物各自的优点相结合获得柔软的聚吡咯导电织物是制备可穿戴传感或能源器件的一个新途径。
原位化学氧化聚合是将聚吡咯与织物相结合的一种常见手段，但是通常都是先将织物置于含有吡咯单体的水溶液中，再向该水溶液中加入氧化剂使吡咯单体在织物的纤维表面原位聚合。例如申请号为201710344637.6的专利公开了一种向碳纤维与吡咯水分散液混合体系中加入氧化剂，实现碳纤维表面原位聚合吡咯的修饰方法。通过加大吡咯单体的用量可以提高聚吡咯在织物上的附着量。但是由于大量吡咯单体仍在溶液中、未能吸附到织物基材上发生聚合会造成很大程度的原料浪费，没有充分利用吡咯单体，成本较高。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明目的是提供一种低成本、吡咯单体吸附率高的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，本发明的另一目的是提供一种电导率高、储能效果好的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物，本发明的再一目的是提供一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物应用于传感器、电热装置以及超级电容器中。
技术方案：本发明所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
a、用去离子水清洗后的织物基材置于置换剂中，置换残存的水分，对润湿后的织物基材进行60～85℃真空干燥0.5～4h；
b、将步骤a所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，吡咯单体与织物基材的质量比为1～2.5∶1，使织物基材吸收吡咯单体；
c、将步骤b所得物转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶2～1∶12，使吡咯单体在织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应0.5～6小时，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤织物并自然干燥，即得到所述高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
其中，织物基材为棉织物、涤纶织物、尼龙织物和氨纶织物中的任意一种或多种。织物基材的表面附有石墨烯、碳纳米管、羟基氧化铁和二氧化锰中任意一种。置换剂为乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇和叔丁醇中的任意一种。
上述制备方法制得高聚吡咯附着量导电织物，由于其良好的导电性，能够应用于传感器、电热装置以及超级电容器中。
反应原理：利用浸渍-氧化的方法可以降低吡咯单体的用量浪费，提高织物对聚吡咯的负载量，从而提高织物的导电性。较好的导电性可以使其在传感、储能等领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。
有益效果：本发明和现有技术相比，具有如下显著性特点：
1、采用置换剂置换织物清洗后残存的水分，并真空干燥，有利于后续浸渍吡咯单体过程的均匀性；
2、使用浸渍-氧化法可以减少吡咯单体的浪费，使更多的吡咯单体原位聚合到织物纤维表面，显著提高了织物的导电性；
3、整个制备过程操作简单，有利于大规模生产；
4、所得到的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物可以用于传感器、电热装置以及超级电容器中，在可穿戴设备中具有较好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备流程图。
具体实施方式
以下各实施例中，FeCl3·6H2O购于国药，纯度≥0.995；吡咯购于国药，化学纯，含量98％。
实施例1
如图1，一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
a、用去离子水清洗后的表面附有二氧化锰的棉织物基材置于乙醇溶剂中，置换残存的水分，对被乙醇润湿后的织物基材进行60℃真空干燥1小时；
b、将步骤a所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，吡咯单体与棉织物基材的质量比为1∶1，使棉织物基材充分吸收吡咯单体；
c、将步骤b所得物转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶2，使吡咯单体在棉织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应0.5小时，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤棉织物并自然干燥，即得到所述高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
所制得的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的聚吡咯的单位面积质量为3.2mg/cm2，导电织物的电阻率为6.3Ω cm。
实施例2
一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
a、用去离子水清洗后的表面附有碳纳米管的涤纶织物基材置于丙酮溶剂中，置换残存的水分，对润湿后的织物基材进行75℃真空干燥0.5小时；
b、将步骤a所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，吡咯单体与涤纶织物基材的质量比为2.5∶1，使涤纶织物基材充分吸收吡咯单体；
c、将步骤b所得物转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶12，使吡咯单体在涤纶织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应6小时，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤涤纶织物并自然干燥，即得到所述高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
所制得的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的聚吡咯的单位面积质量为10.6mg/cm2，导电织物的电阻率为2.2Ω cm。
实施例3
一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
a、用去离子水清洗后的表面附有羟基氧化铁的尼龙织物基材置于异丙醇溶剂中，置换残存的水分，对润湿后的尼龙织物基材进行85℃真空干燥3小时；
b、将步骤a所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，吡咯单体与尼龙织物基材的质量比为1.5∶1，使尼龙织物基材充分吸收吡咯单体；
c、将步骤b所得物转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶8，使吡咯单体在尼龙织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应4小时，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤尼龙织物并自然干燥，即得到所述高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
所制得的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的聚吡咯的单位面积质量为6.8mg/cm2，导电织物的电阻率为4.6Ω cm。
实施例4
一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
a、用去离子水清洗后的表面附有石墨烯的尼龙/氨纶复合织物基材置于叔丁醇溶剂中，置换残存的水分，对润湿后的织物基材进行85℃真空干燥4小时；
b、将步骤a所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，吡咯单体与织物基材的质量比为2∶1，使织物基材充分吸收吡咯单体；
c、将步骤b所得物转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶10，使吡咯单体在织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应5小时，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤织物并自然干燥，即得到所述高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
所制得的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的聚吡咯的单位面积质量为8.9mg/cm2，导电织物的电阻率为3.6Ω cm。
实施例5
一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
a、用去离子水清洗后的表面附有二氧化锰的氨纶织物基材置于乙醇溶剂中，置换残存的水分，对润湿后的织物基材进行70℃真空干燥1小时；
b、将步骤a所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，吡咯单体与织物基材的质量比为1.5∶1，使织物基材充分吸收吡咯单体；
c、将步骤b所得物转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶4，使吡咯单体在织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应1小时，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤织物并自然干燥，即得到所述高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
所制得的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的聚吡咯的单位面积质量为2.7mg/cm2，导电织物的电阻率为8.4Ω·cm。
对比实验
a、用去离子水清洗后的表面附有石墨烯的尼龙/氨纶织物基材置于叔丁醇溶剂中，置换残存的水分，对润湿后的织物基材进行85℃真空干燥4小时；
b、将步骤a所得物置于吡咯单体水溶液中，吡咯单体与织物基材的质量比为2∶1，吡咯单体水溶液的总体积100mL，使织物基材被吡咯单体水溶液浸润；
c、向步骤b水溶液中滴加FeCl3溶液，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶10，使吡咯单体在织物基材表面发生原位聚合反应5小时，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤织物并自然干燥，即得导电织物。
所制得导电织物的聚吡咯单位面积质量为1.6mg/cm2，导电织物的电阻率为0.14kΩ cm。可以看出，本发明的制备方法让更多的吡咯单体原位聚合到织物纤维表面，显著提高了织物的导电性。
Claims (10)
1.一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于包含以下步骤：
(a)用去离子水清洗后的织物基材置于置换剂中，对润湿后的织物基材进行真空干燥；
(b)将步骤(a)所得物浸渍于吡咯单体中，使织物基材吸收吡咯单体；
(c)将步骤(b)所得物转移至FeCl3溶液中静置，使吡咯单体在织物纤维表面发生原位聚合反应，反应完成后用去离子水洗涤织物并自然干燥，即得到所述高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(a)中，织物基材为棉织物、涤纶织物、尼龙织物和氨纶织物中的任意一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述织物基材的表面附有石墨烯、碳纳米管、羟基氧化铁和二氧化锰中任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(a)中，置换剂为乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇和叔丁醇中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(a)中，真空干燥的温度为60～85℃，时间为0.5～4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(b)中，吡咯单体与织物基材的质量比为1～2.5∶1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(c)中，吡咯单体与FeCl3的质量比为1∶2～1∶12。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(c)中，原位聚合反应时间为0.5～6小时。
9.权利要求1～8任一所述的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物的制备方法所制得的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物。
10.权利要求9所述的高聚吡咯附着量导电织物应用于传感器、电热装置以及超级电容器中。
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