WO2015111074A2 - Use of conductive fabric as transducer in gas sensing, heating element, emi shielding material, and physical sensor in security application - Google Patents
Use of conductive fabric as transducer in gas sensing, heating element, emi shielding material, and physical sensor in security application Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015111074A2 WO2015111074A2 PCT/IN2015/000008 IN2015000008W WO2015111074A2 WO 2015111074 A2 WO2015111074 A2 WO 2015111074A2 IN 2015000008 W IN2015000008 W IN 2015000008W WO 2015111074 A2 WO2015111074 A2 WO 2015111074A2
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 4
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006820 Arthralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008035 Back Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000000112 Myalgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001584775 Tunga penetrans Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/61—Polyamines polyimines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/007—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body characterised by electric heating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/007—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body characterised by electric heating
- A61F2007/0071—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body characterised by electric heating using a resistor, e.g. near the spot to be heated
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/04—Properties of the materials having electrical or magnetic properties
- D06N2209/041—Conductive
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/04—Properties of the materials having electrical or magnetic properties
- D06N2209/048—Electromagnetic interference shielding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0054—Ammonia
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of CONDUCTIVE FABRIC AND ITS APPLICATION, particularly to PPy and PANi coated cotton fabrics and more particularly to fabric sensors using PPy and PANi coated cotton fabrics.
- Metal Based Technology Conventionally conductive textiles can be synthesized by metal based technology, where metal fibres, yarns or filaments are woven in to the fabric.
- Carbon Powder is applied on the fabric in the form of coating or melts mixing.
- Carbon nanotubes They are applied on the fabric in the form of coating.
- ICP's intrinsically conducting polymers
- Polypyrrole (PPy) and Polyaniline (PANi) are most extensively studied conducting polymers, because both can be easily oxidized, commercially available; possess good environmental stability, high electrical conductivity and give reversible change in conductivity when exposed to different gases.
- conducting polymers as sensing elements in chemical or gas sensors is an intensive area of research because of their high sensitivity on changes electrical conductivity when exposed to different types of gases.
- gas sensors are basically metal oxide sensor which sensitizes at high temperature where as ICP's sensitize at room temperature when exposed to reactive gases. This gas sensing mechanism is attributed to the presence of ⁇ electron conjugated bonds in conducting polymer chain 10 . Interaction of organic material and gas molecules results in to increase or decrease in charge carrier densities within the band gap of polymer, hence, it implies to change in electrical conductivity of polymer 2
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- Traditional approach for EMI shielding relies on use of metallic material which supplies excellent shielding efficiency (SE). But metallic material reduces flexibility of fabric due to its weight burden and can cause corrosion problem, degrades SE at joints.
- the conducting fabric samples were taken as gas sensor substrate for experimental trials. Their surface resistivity values were measured by two probe techniques.
- the flow system as shown in Fig.2 consists of Ammonia cylinder with trace quantity- 1 OOOppm, mass flow meter and gas chamber with proper electrode assembly. NH 3 Gas was then passed through gas chamber for 3min, by which substrate absorbed the gas and indicated change in current on ammeter. After 3min. ammonia gas flow was stopped and substrate was then allowed to expose in air for 25min. likewise absorption and desorption of ammonia gas was carried out for 3 cycles. Record of change in current was recorded for every minute interval. Relative change in current decides the sensitivity of the substrate. Ammonia gas sensing mechanism was studied for PPy coated cotton fabric of size 1.5 x 4cm with ranges of surface resistivity viz; 30, 100, and l OOOohm/square .
- the PPy and PANi coated cotton fabrics have been successfully synthesized by oxidative in-situ chemical polymerization. Gas sensing and EMI shielding applications of these conductive polymers coated fabrics were carried out. Response was observed in the form of change in current due to exposure of ammonia and ethanol vapour. PPy coated substrate with 10% PPy deposition exhibited change in current i.e. 6-7% in relation to its initial value in presence of lOOOppm ammonia gas and 60 - 65% recovery of current in presence of air. Whereas for ethanol vapour, PANI coated substrate was more sensitive than PPy coated substrate. About 40-45% change in current was observed for 0.3 M PANi coated cotton fabric in lmin. Minimum detectable concentration of ammonia & ethanol vapour was observed as 500ppm.
- the main object of the invention is to provide CONDUCTIVE FABRIC which obviates the drawbacks in the prior art.
- FIG. 1 shows Smart Mat for occupancy detection
- FIG. 2 shows Jacket incorporated with heat generating Textile pads.
- FIG. 3 shows application of Smart security fabric
- FIG. 4 shows an Ammonia Sensor
- FIG. Shows the Gas sensor set up for ammonia sensing
- Fig.6 Shows Jigger assembly for two-step chemical polymerization of conducting polymers on textile substrates.
- the Flexible conductive fabric is manufactured by in-situ chemical polymerization on textile substrate as per the disclosure of the patent application no. 1668/MUM/2011 filed by the applicant of instant application.
- a process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates comprising the steps of cleaning the scoured and bleached textile substrates to remove extraneous impurities, pouring reactant solution to an application bath, providing continuous to and fro rotation to the textile substrates inside the application bath ensuring that it comes into contact with the reactant solution placed in bath, adding oxidant in the second step of the reaction in a controlled manner, providing further to and fro rotation to the textile substrates and regulating the temperature for maintaining the desired temperature of the application bath.
- the reactant solution is aqueous solution of pyrrole or other monomers such as aniline ,thiopene and 3, 4-Ethylene dioxythiopene,.
- oxidant solution contains iron (111) chloride or other oxidizing agents such as persulfates, permagnets, peroxides and metal salts dissolved in distilled water at 4 - 5 °C.
- An apparatus to carry out the process as claimed in any of the preceding claims comprising an application bath for containing the reactant solution, a detachable fabric mounting unit ,said detachable fabric mounting unit consisting of assembly of rollers with two main winding rollers and a bottom roller, an external unit for driving the two main winding rollers to and fro, textile substrates are woundable onto said two main winding rollers, the textile substrates made to move around the freely rotatable bottom roller ensuring the deeping of the textile substrates in the reactant solution inside the application bath, an oxidant dispensing mechanism provided in fluid communication with the application bath for controlled addition of oxidant and a temperature regulating system interfaced with the application bath for maintaining the desired temperature of the application bath.
- this fabric can be used in number of applications such as in static and electro static discharge (ESD) protection, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, stealth technology and smart textiles/electronic textiles.
- ESD static and electro static discharge
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- BTRA has developed Ammonia sensors & Ethanol sensors.
- PRODUCT DEVELOPED fig.2 - Jacket incorporated with heat generating textile pads
- Heating pads are used for incorporation into blankets, jackets, shoes and inner wears to provide warmth and comfort in cold weather conditions.
- the temperature of the developed pads can be maintained at 40-45 °C.
- a 24 V rechargeable battery is used as a power source.
- Fig. 2 gives an indication of the consistency of the heating pads in case of a prolonged usage.
- pads can also be used as a thermal therapy which has been used for centuries to combat backaches, muscle and joint pain.
- FIG. 1 shows a product named "smart mat”. This mat could be utilized in household or restricted areas for detecting intruder entry. When a person steps on it, a signal is generated. This signal can be wirelessly transported up to a distance of 25 meters to raise an alarm. The same principle can be used for occupancy detection in cars, theaters and other places.
- the applicant has developed a textile system capable of sending a pre-recorded message by one gentle push contact.
- This sort of systems can be most useful in the emergency situations such as intruder attack, robbery and several panicking situations where an urgent need of attention is required.
- the smart textile system can be inserted into many innocuous looking objects such as sofa, table cloth, mouse pads etc. Once a trigger is activated, which is equivalent to a switch push, a phone call containing a recorded message would be made by an electronic circuit to three pre-designated numbers.
- Shielding of electromagnetic interference is of critical use due to health concerns such as symptoms of languidness, insomnia, nervousness, headache etc which has occurred due to exposure to electromagnetic waves 12 .
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- researchers in medical field showed that use of electronic devices which causes EMI, increases the stress factor, heart rate, also affects metabolic activity and increases the risk of cancer.
- Conductive textiles are also suitable to provide clothing for people exposed to high frequency electromagnetic fields, to fulfill safety requirement in the field of non-ionizing radiation 13 .
- Traditional approach for EMI shielding relies on use of metallic material which supplies excellent shielding efficiency (SE). But metallic material reduces flexibility of fabric due to its weight burden and can cause corrosion problem, degrades SE at joints.
- SE shielding efficiency
- Heat generation textiles Resistivity - 10 - 100 ⁇ / ⁇
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Abstract
Flexible conductive fabric with tunable conducting property comprising intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP's) coated over textile substrate, ICP's with conjugated bonds exhibits some selective properties, such as electronic conduction, environmental stability, reverse redox reaction.
Description
USE OF CONDUCTIVE FABRIC AS TRANSDUCER IN GAS SENSING, HEATING ELEMENT, EMI SHIELDING MATERIAL, AND PHYSICAL SENSOR IN SECURITY APPLICATION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
This invention relates to the field of CONDUCTIVE FABRIC AND ITS APPLICATION, particularly to PPy and PANi coated cotton fabrics and more particularly to fabric sensors using PPy and PANi coated cotton fabrics.
BACKGROUND:
Conventionally, conductive fabrics are relying on metal based technology, where metal yarns woven in to the fabric. But it gives weight burden to the fabric and reduces the flexibility of the sample.
1. Metal Based Technology: Conventionally conductive textiles can be synthesized by metal based technology, where metal fibres, yarns or filaments are woven in to the fabric.
Advantages: It gives excellent conductive property .It can be used in most of the applications due to their good stability.
Limitations: It gives weight burden to the fabric and reduces the flexibility of the sample. It is complex (involves difficulties in fibre processing) and costly manufacturing process.
2. Carbon Powder:. Carbon Powder is applied on the fabric in the form of coating or melts mixing.
Advantages: It gives medium conductive property to the fabric.
Limitations: It gives impairment in mechanical property of fabric.
3. Carbon nanotubes: They are applied on the fabric in the form of coating.
Advantages: It gives good conductive and durability property to the fabric.
Limitations: It has complex synthesis process.
Hence coating of intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP's) over textile substrate is best suitable alternative to synthesize conducting fabric. ICP's with conjugated bonds exhibits some selective properties, such as electronic conduction, environmental stability, reverse redox reaction, etc. and have been investigated intensively in recent years2,3. Due to these properties, ICP's have been used for wide range of technology oriented applications viz electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding, antistatic dissipation, energy storage, heat generation and as transducers in gas sensing 4>5.
Polypyrrole (PPy) and Polyaniline (PANi) are most extensively studied conducting polymers, because both can be easily oxidized, commercially available; possess good environmental stability, high electrical conductivity and give reversible change in conductivity when exposed to different gases. Hence, use of conducting polymers as sensing elements in chemical or gas sensors is an intensive area of research because of their high sensitivity on changes electrical conductivity when exposed to different types of gases. Commercially available gas sensors are basically metal oxide sensor which sensitizes at high temperature where as ICP's sensitize at room temperature when exposed to reactive gases. This gas
sensing mechanism is attributed to the presence of π electron conjugated bonds in conducting polymer chain10. Interaction of organic material and gas molecules results in to increase or decrease in charge carrier densities within the band gap of polymer, hence, it implies to change in electrical conductivity of polymer 2
Shielding of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is of critical use due to health concerns such as symptoms of languidness, insomnia, nervousness, headache etc which has occurred due to exposure to electromagnetic waves "· n. Researchers in medical field showed that use of electronic devices which causes EMI, increases the stress factor, heart rate, also affects metabolic activity and increases the risk of cancer. Conductive textiles are also suitable to provide clothing for people exposed to high frequency electromagnetic fields, to fulfill safety requirement in the field of non-ionizing radiation13. Traditional approach for EMI shielding relies on use of metallic material which supplies excellent shielding efficiency (SE). But metallic material reduces flexibility of fabric due to its weight burden and can cause corrosion problem, degrades SE at joints. Whereas ICP's, PPy and PANi having low densities (PPy= 1.2gm/cm3 and PANI= 1.1 to 1 .3 g/cm3) than metal (e.g. for Cu= 8.9g/cm3), easily availability and ease of processibility, ICP's are found to be preferred in military applications like camouflage, and stealth technology.
Ammonia gas sensing (fig.5)
The conducting fabric samples were taken as gas sensor substrate for experimental trials. Their surface resistivity values were measured by two probe techniques. The flow system, as shown in Fig.2 consists of Ammonia cylinder with trace quantity- 1 OOOppm, mass flow meter and gas chamber with proper electrode assembly. NH3Gas was then passed through gas chamber for 3min, by which substrate absorbed the gas and indicated change in current on ammeter. After 3min. ammonia gas flow was stopped and substrate was then allowed to expose in air for 25min. likewise absorption and desorption of ammonia gas was carried out for 3 cycles. Record of change in current was recorded for every minute interval. Relative change in current decides the sensitivity of the substrate. Ammonia gas sensing mechanism was studied for PPy coated cotton fabric of size 1.5 x 4cm with ranges of surface resistivity viz; 30, 100, and l OOOohm/square .
Ethanol vapour sensing:
Gas sensor set up for the ethanol vapour sensing experiment was same as that for ammonia sensor. In this study, we had used 1 OOOppm ethanol vapour cylinder. In order to achieve concentration of ethanol more than 1 OOOppm, nitrogen gas was bubbled through pure absolute ethanol solution. PANi coated cotton substrate with size of 1.5 x 4cm was exposed for 60 sec to ethanol vapor and then allowed to exposed to air for 5min. Three cycles were carried out likewise. Due to exposure, change in current was observed and it was recorded for every 10 sec interval during absorption of vapour and per minute interval for desorption of ethanol vapour. Relative change in current indicates the sensitivity of the substrate.
Effect of atmospheric relative humidity in gas sensing behavior:
1CP coated substrates was found to be very sensitive towards moisture present in the air. Hence study was conducted to see the role of humidity in the sensing mechanism of polymer coated substrate toward ammonia gas and ethanol vapour. It was found that increase in humidity led to rise in current. About 7%
Sensitivity towards moisture was observed in humidity ranges from 40% - 95%. Hence, it is inferred that the relative humidity interferes with the measurement.
EMI Shielding Application of Conducting Fabric:
We have studied the EMI shielding property of ICP's coated cotton substrate. Shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic field and electrostatic field. EMI shielding effectiveness is attenuation of electromagnetic wave produced when its passage through its shield. It is expressed in terms of 'decibel' (dB) 17.In shielding methodology; the signal strength in the media depends on several parameters related to material properties such as electric and magnetic behaviour, conductance on the surface and in the volume, material thickness, and system structure. The SE term explains the level of prevention.
The PPy and PANi coated cotton fabrics have been successfully synthesized by oxidative in-situ chemical polymerization. Gas sensing and EMI shielding applications of these conductive polymers coated fabrics were carried out. Response was observed in the form of change in current due to exposure of ammonia and ethanol vapour. PPy coated substrate with 10% PPy deposition exhibited change in current i.e. 6-7% in relation to its initial value in presence of lOOOppm ammonia gas and 60 - 65% recovery of current in presence of air. Whereas for ethanol vapour, PANI coated substrate was more sensitive than PPy coated substrate. About 40-45% change in current was observed for 0.3 M PANi coated cotton fabric in lmin. Minimum detectable concentration of ammonia & ethanol vapour was observed as 500ppm.
99.9% shielding efficiency was obtained from 30% PPy coated substrate with 2.6 mm thickness of fabric. PPy coated substrates were observed as more suitable for using as EMI Shielding than PANi coated substrate. Likewise, it appears that PANI coated cotton fabric gives better response in ethanol vapour sensing as compared to PPy coated fabric. In the present work, we aimed at designing prototypes in the area of smart textiles by employing the PPy and PANI coated fabrics developed. It is our endeavor to emphasize the utility and potential of ICP coated fabrics in wide range of applications. Accordingly, we have focused on the area of smart textiles. The future work would put an emphasis on other potential areas.
Fabric sensors for Smart textiles using Conductive fabric
Conventional conductive textiles are based on the use of metal in the form of fibre, filament and metallic salt coatings. The metal based textiles, although offer good conductivity range put severe restrictions on handle, flexibility and aesthetic appeal of textiles. To overcome this problem BTRA introduced possible alternative to metal based textiles and developed flexible conductive fabric with tunable conducting property. Based on this fabric BTRA has developed prototypes for specific
applications. The products developed are 'Smart' because of their capacity to adapt to the specific mechanical properties of textile structure that are light weight, highly flexible, stretchable and elastic.
OBJECT OF THE IVENTION:
The main object of the invention is to provide CONDUCTIVE FABRIC which obviates the drawbacks in the prior art.
Other objects of the invention are to provide products used as sensor utilizing the said conductive fabric. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawing, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
FIG. 1 shows Smart Mat for occupancy detection
FIG. 2 shows Jacket incorporated with heat generating Textile pads.
FIG. 3 shows application of Smart security fabric
FIG. 4 shows an Ammonia Sensor
FIG 5. Shows the Gas sensor set up for ammonia sensing
Fig.6. Shows Jigger assembly for two-step chemical polymerization of conducting polymers on textile substrates.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The Flexible conductive fabric is manufactured by in-situ chemical polymerization on textile substrate as per the disclosure of the patent application no. 1668/MUM/2011 filed by the applicant of instant application.
For ready reference the claims are produced as below:
1. A process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates comprising the steps of cleaning the scoured and bleached textile substrates to remove extraneous impurities, pouring reactant solution to an application bath, providing continuous to and fro rotation to the textile substrates inside the application bath ensuring that it comes into contact with the reactant solution placed in bath, adding oxidant in the second step of the reaction in a controlled manner, providing further to and fro rotation to the textile substrates and regulating the temperature for maintaining the desired temperature of the application bath.
2. A process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates as claimed in claim 1 wherein the textile substrate is fabric.
3. A process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates as claimed in claim lor 2 where in the reactant solution is aqueous solution of pyrrole or other monomers such as aniline ,thiopene and 3, 4-Ethylene dioxythiopene,.
4. A process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein oxidant solution contains iron (111) chloride or other oxidizing agents such as persulfates, permagnets, peroxides and metal salts dissolved in distilled water at 4 - 5 °C.
5. A process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the oxidant solution is released in to the application bath in a controlled manner at a rate of 3-4 ml./min. with a leading oxidant addition time of 1 hour.
6. A process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates as claimed in any of the preceding claims where in the reaction temperature is maintained at 4 - 30 °C.
7. An apparatus to carry out the process as claimed in any of the preceding claims comprising an application bath for containing the reactant solution, a detachable fabric mounting unit ,said detachable fabric mounting unit consisting of assembly of rollers with two main winding rollers and a bottom roller, an external unit for driving the two main winding rollers to and fro, textile substrates are woundable onto said two main winding rollers, the textile substrates made to move around the freely rotatable bottom roller ensuring the deeping of the textile substrates in the reactant solution inside the application bath, an oxidant dispensing mechanism provided in fluid communication with the application bath for controlled addition of oxidant and a temperature regulating system interfaced with the application bath for maintaining the desired temperature of the application bath.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein the oxidant dispensing mechanism is provided with provision for controlled release of the oxidant in to the application bath.
9. A process for manufacturing conducting polymer coated textile substrates substantially described as herein with reference to the examples and drawings.
Some of the advantages of said conductive fabrics as per this invention are given below:
1. Due to their tunable conducting property this fabric can be used in number of applications such as in static and electro static discharge (ESD) protection, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, stealth technology and smart textiles/electronic textiles.
2. Synthesis process is easy and it is low cost process.
3. Due to their flexibility it retains the comfort of the fabric
Some of the application of said conductive fabrics as per this invention as described below: 1. Polypyrrole Coated fabric as transducers in ammonia sensing:
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS MAINTAINED
2. Polyaniline Coated fabric as transducers in ethanol sensing:
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS MAINTAINED
ACHIEVEMENTS
SURFACE RESISTIVITY (OHM/SQUARE) 1000
CONFIGURATION SIMPLE DEVICE, CONSUMES LOW ENERGY
MINIMUM CONCENTRATION DETECTED 500 PPM
PRODUCT DEVELOPED:
All commercially available sensors are metal oxide based sensors which require high temperature to sensitize hazardous gases. Conductive fabric substrate can sensitize the reactive gas at room temperature. BTRA has developed Ammonia sensors & Ethanol sensors. This gas sensing mechanism is attributed to the presence of π electron conjugated bonds in conducting polymer chain. Interaction of organic material and gas molecules results in to increase or decrease in charge carrier densities within the band gap of polymer, hence, it implies to change in electrical conductivity of polymer. Fig2 (B) represents response of sensor toward reactive gas and its recovery in normal atmosphere.
Smart Textiles for Gas Sensors fig.4
All commercially available sensors are metal oxide based sensors which require high temperature to sensitize hazardous gases. Conductive fabric substrate can sensitize the reactive gas at room temperature.
BTRA has developed Ammonia sensors & Ethanol sensors.
3. Polypyrrole Coated fabric as heating element for heat generation
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS MAINTAINED
PRODUCT DEVELOPED: fig.2
- Jacket incorporated with heat generating textile pads
Fig.2A- Temperature maintained by a typical heating pad
Smart textiles for heat generation fig.2
Heating pads are used for incorporation into blankets, jackets, shoes and inner wears to provide warmth and comfort in cold weather conditions. The temperature of the developed pads can be maintained at 40-45 °C. A 24 V rechargeable battery is used as a power source. Fig. 2 gives an indication of the consistency of the heating pads in case of a prolonged usage.
These pads can also be used as a thermal therapy which has been used for centuries to combat backaches, muscle and joint pain.
4. Polypyrrole Coated fabric in security application:
Product developed: fig.1
Smart textiles for occupancy detection fig.1
One of the developments consists of an occupancy detecting textiles. Fig. 1 shows a product named "smart mat". This mat could be utilized in household or restricted areas for detecting intruder entry. When a person steps on it, a signal is generated. This signal can be wirelessly transported up to a distance of 25 meters to raise an alarm. The same principle can be used for occupancy detection in cars, theaters and other places.
Smart Textiles for security applications fig.3
In this prototype, the applicant has developed a textile system capable of sending a pre-recorded message by one gentle push contact. This sort of systems can be most useful in the emergency situations such as intruder attack, robbery and several panicking situations where an urgent need of attention is required. The smart textile system can be inserted into many innocuous looking objects such as sofa, table cloth, mouse
pads etc. Once a trigger is activated, which is equivalent to a switch push, a phone call containing a recorded message would be made by an electronic circuit to three pre-designated numbers.
5. Polypyrrole Coated fabric as EMI shielding material:
ACHIEVEMENTS
Product developed: SHIELDING FABRIC
Description: Shielding of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is of critical use due to health concerns such as symptoms of languidness, insomnia, nervousness, headache etc which has occurred due to exposure to electromagnetic waves 12. Researchers in medical field showed that use of electronic devices which causes EMI, increases the stress factor, heart rate, also affects metabolic activity and increases the risk of cancer. Conductive textiles are also suitable to provide clothing for people exposed to high frequency electromagnetic fields, to fulfill safety requirement in the field of non-ionizing radiation13. Traditional approach for EMI shielding relies on use of metallic material which supplies excellent shielding efficiency (SE). But metallic material reduces flexibility of fabric due to its weight burden and can cause corrosion problem, degrades SE at joints. Whereas ICP's, PPy and PANi having low densities (PPy= 1.2gm/cm3 and PANI= l.l to 1.3 g/cm3) than metal (e.g. for Cu= 8.9g/cm3), easily availability and ease of processibility, ICP's are found to be preferred in military applications like camouflage, and stealth technology. We have studied the EMI shielding property of ICP's coated cotton substrate. Shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic field and electrostatic field. EMI shielding effectiveness is attenuation of electromagnetic wave produced when its passage through its shield. It is expressed in terms of 'decibel' (dB) 17.In shielding methodology; the signal strength in the media depends on several parameters related to material properties such as electric and magnetic behaviour, conductance on the surface and in the volume, material thickness, and system structure. The SE term explains the level of prevention.
The important properties of the materials are as below.
Surface Resistivity-S.R.(
Static & Electrostatic 106 - 108 Very Good discharge (ESD) protection 108 - 109 Good
109 - 1010 Satisfactory
1010 Insufficient
Power Demand- 100 mW/in2
Heat generation textiles Resistivity - 10 - 100 Ω/α
Voltage range - 5 -30 V
Smart textiles(Gas sensors) Resistivity - 10-1 - 103 D/D
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various alterations, modifications, and/ or alternative applications of the invention may be possible, if desired, without departing from the scope and sprit of the invention, which can be read from the claims and the entire specification. All these possible alterations, modifications, and /or alternative applications of the invention are also intended to be within technical scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. Flexible conductive fabric with tunable conducting property comprising intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP's) coated over textile substrate, ICP's with conjugated bonds exhibits some selective properties, such as electronic conduction, environmental stability, reverse redox reaction.
2. Flexible conductive fabric with tunable conducting property as claimed in claim 1 wherein Polypyrrole (PPy) and Polyaniline (PANi) are used as conducting polymers.
3. A transducer in ammonia sensing comprising Polypyrrole Coated fabric ,said fabric produced by a method wherein the substrate is 100% cotton,
The monomer is pyrrole,
Concntration on lOgm wt. of fabric is .04M,
Monomer diffusion duration is lhr,
Oxidant added is ferric chloride,
Concentration on 1 OGM WT of fabric is 0.093M,
Polymerization duration is 3hr,
Mass liquor ratio maintained is 1 :40,
And the drying method used is air and the said fabric having a
Surface resistivity (Ohm/Square)- 1000
Minimum concentration detected-500 ppm Change in current within 3 m in - 6-7%
Recovery of current within 25 min- 40-45%
4. A transducer in ethanol sensing comprising aniline Coated fabric ,said fabric produced by a
method wherein the substrate is 100% cotton,
Size of substrate -7CM X 1 10CM
Temperature (degree C) - 4 - 5
The monomer is aniline,
Concentration on 10GM wt of fabric is 0.3M
Monomer diffusion duration is lhr,
Oxidant added is ammonium peroxidisulphate,
Concentration on 10GM wt of fabric is 1.25
Polymerization duration is 3hr,
Mass liquor ratio maintained is 1 :40,
And the drying method used is air
And the said fabric having a
Surface resistivity (Ohm/Square) - 1000,
Minimum concentration detected-500ppm
5. A heating element for heat generation comprising Polypyrrole Coated fabric, said fabric produced by a method wherein the substrate is 100% cotton,
The monomer is pyrrole,
Concentration on 1 OGM wt of fabric is 0.12M,
Monomer diffusion duration is lhr,
Oxidant added is ferric chloride,
Concentration on lOgm wt of fabric is 0.28M,
Polymerization duration is 3hr,
Mass liquor ratio maintained is 1 :40,
And the drying method used is air and the said fabric having a surface resistivity (Ohm/Square) - 20,
The heating elements are formed as heating pads for incorporation into blankets, jackets, shoes and inner wears to provide warmth and comfort in cold weather conditions and temperature of the developed pads can be maintained at 40-45 °C with the use of a 24 V battery as a power source.
6. A product used in security application comprising Polypyrrole Coated fabric , said fabric
produced by a method wherein the substrate is 100% cotton,
The monomer is pyrrole,
Concntration on 10GM WT. of fabric is 0.12M,
Monomer diffusion duration is 1HR,
Oxidant added is ferric chloride,
Concentration on lOgm wt of fabric is 0.28M
Polymerization duration is 3hr,
Mass liquor ratio maintained is 1 :40,
And the drying method used is air and the said fabric having a surface resistivity (Ohm/Square) - 20
Where in the type of product can be in the form of smart mat, said mat can be utilized in household or restricted areas for detecting intruder entry and when a person steps on it, a signal is generated. This signal can be wirelessly transported up to a distance of 25 meters to raise an alarm. The same principle can be used for occupancy detection in cars, theaters and other places
And in an other embodiment the product is made capable of sending a pre-recorded message by one gentle push contact. This sort of systems can be most useful in the emergency situations such as intruder attack, robbery and several panicking situations where an urgent need of attention is required. The smart textile system can be inserted into many innocuous looking objects such as sofa, table cloth, mouse pads etc. Once a trigger is activated, which is equivalent to a switch push, a phone call containing a recorded message would be made by an electronic circuit to three pre-designated numbers.
7. An EMI shielding material comprising Polypyrrole Coated fabric, said fabric produced by a method wherein the substrate is 100% cotton,
The monomer is pyrrole,
Concntration on 10GM WT. of fabric is 0.12M,
Monomer diffusion duration is 1HR,
Oxidant added is ferric chloride.
Concentration on lOgm wt of fabric is 0.28M
Polymerization duration is 3hr,
Mass liquor ratio maintained is 1 :40,
And the drying method used is air and the said fabric having a
Surface resistivity (Ohm/Square) - 20 and shielding efficiency % in frequency range 30MHz to 1.5GHz 99.9
8. Product utilizing sensors comprising of the flexible conductive fabric described substantially as herein with reference to the attached drawings.
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| IN239/MUM/2014 | 2014-01-23 | ||
| IN239MU2014 | 2014-01-23 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109275212A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-25 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of novel Electric radiant Heating Film and preparation method thereof with PTC effect |
| CN110670361A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-01-10 | 江南大学 | High-polypyrrole-attachment-quantity conductive fabric and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114541027A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-27 | 东华大学 | Infrared stealth fabric based on orderly woven total reflection structure knitted body and manufacturing method thereof |
| US11378471B2 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-07-05 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Method of fabricating a conductive fabric, a multi-pressure sensor for a fiber type and a multi-pressure measuring method using the sensor |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998004908A1 (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-05 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Oligomeric anilines and soluble polypyrroles as sensors for volatile organic compounds |
| US7468332B2 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2008-12-23 | Jamshid Avloni | Electroconductive woven and non-woven fabric |
| CN102312376B (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2012-12-12 | 武汉纺织大学 | Preparation method of composite conductive fabric with spray polymerization |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109275212A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-25 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of novel Electric radiant Heating Film and preparation method thereof with PTC effect |
| CN110670361A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-01-10 | 江南大学 | High-polypyrrole-attachment-quantity conductive fabric and preparation method and application thereof |
| US11378471B2 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-07-05 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Method of fabricating a conductive fabric, a multi-pressure sensor for a fiber type and a multi-pressure measuring method using the sensor |
| CN114541027A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-27 | 东华大学 | Infrared stealth fabric based on orderly woven total reflection structure knitted body and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114541027B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-12-06 | 东华大学 | Infrared stealth fabric based on orderly woven total reflection structure knitted body and manufacturing method thereof |
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