CN110663607A - Paddy field breeding method suitable for crayfishes in northern areas - Google Patents
Paddy field breeding method suitable for crayfishes in northern areas Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000555922 Potamogeton crispus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a rice field breeding method suitable for crayfishes in northern areas, relating to the technical field of aquaculture, and the breeding method comprises the following steps: selecting and planning a rice field, stocking the rice field for culturing the parent shrimps by using water plants, inducing the parent shrimps to mate and lay eggs, covering a shed for a circular ditch, and culturing seedlings; the method is suitable for breeding the crayfishes in the paddy field in the northern area, adopts the technology of inducing the mating and spawning of the parent crayfishes and the technology of buckling the crayfishes in the circular ditches in the breeding process of the crayfishes, plays an important role in breeding the crayfishes in the paddy field in the northern area, ensures that the total yield of the bred crayfishes is high, has high survival rate, can effectively solve the problem of crayfish seedling shortage in the northern area, and reduces the defects of high death rate and poor adaptability of the crayfishes in other places.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a rice field breeding method suitable for crayfishes in northern areas.
Background
In 2018, the development of the industry of Chinese crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is accelerated, the breeding area is more than 1600 mu of a thousand, the yield is more than 160 million tons, and the total economic value is more than 3600 million yuan. Crayfish breeding becomes one of the main modes of ecological cycle agricultural development, and is a yang-oriented industry which accelerates and promotes the green development of fishery in a new era and has the most vigor, potential and characteristics.
At present, the market gap of crayfishes at home and abroad is huge, the crayfishes are mainly cultured in the south, large-scale culture cannot be formed in the north, and seedlings can only be transported from the south but are killed greatly in the transportation process. Therefore, the breeding technology of the crayfish in the northern area is urgently needed to be solved, and the self-bred crayfish seedlings can lay a solid foundation for the rapid development of the crayfish industry in the northern area.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a rice field breeding method for crayfishes in northern areas, and aims to solve the problems that in the existing crayfish breeding technology, a large number of death phenomena exist in the transportation process, south seedlings are not suitable for the northern environment and the like because crayfish seedlings in northern areas are lack of seedlings and need to be transported from the south.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
according to a first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the breeding method for the crayfish in the northern area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field selection and planning:
selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide in the periphery, sufficient in illumination, convenient to transport, separate in water intake and drainage and 10-50 mu in area; digging and building a circular ditch around the rice field, wherein the area of the circular ditch is not more than 10% of the area of the whole rice field; excavating field ditches in the middle of the rice field, constructing field ridges around the rice field, and installing escape-preventing facilities around the ridges;
s2, cultivation of aquatic plants:
selecting submerged plants as waterweeds for transplanting, wherein the transplanting is mainly carried out in a circular ditch and an inter-field ditch, the transplanting time is 15 days before seedling setting, and the cultivation area of the waterweeds is controlled on the basis of sporadic distribution and no aggregation;
s3, rice field stocking of parent shrimps:
selecting strong, bright red and moderate parent shrimps for disinfection and then uniformly stocking the shrimps along the periphery of the circular groove; the stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day of the morning of the beginning of the seventh month, and the temperature difference between the parent shrimp breeding water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; the stocking density is 30-50kg per mu;
s4, inducing the mating and spawning of parent shrimps:
after the parent shrimps are put in the field, uniformly feeding the feed into the rice field regularly and quantitatively every day, and inducing the parent shrimps to mate and lay eggs by adopting a mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field;
s5, buckling a shed of the circular ditch:
buckling the annular ditch when the water temperature in the rice field is reduced to 15 ℃, adopting a semi-closed type with an air inlet and an air outlet reserved in the greenhouse before winter, and adopting a fully-closed type after winter;
s6, seedling culture:
and during the fry culture period, the pond is kept in every day, the water level is kept, the pond is continuously inflated, the ice layer is prevented from covering, the development and the hatching conditions of the brooding parent shrimps are checked, and after the young shrimps are hatched, the bred shrimps are caught by a ground cage.
Further, in step S1, the distance between the ring trench and the field ridge is 1.5 meters; the upper opening of the circular groove is 3-4 m wide, and the lower opening of the circular groove is 0.8-1.2 m wide; the width of the field ditch is 1.4-1.6 meters, and the depth is 0.5-0.8 meter; the escape-proof facilities are plastic films or calcium-plastic plates, and the escape-proof height is 40-50 cm.
Further, in step S2, the aquatic weeds are hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, waterweed, goldfish, curly pondweed, or water peanuts; the planting area is 30-50% of the culture water surface; the water level is 40-60 cm when the waterweeds are planted in the circular ditch.
Further, in step S2, 30-50kg of fermented decomposed manure is applied to each mu after the aquatic weeds are planted.
Further, in step S3, the selected parent shrimp is an unmatched parent shrimp, and the ratio of the female to male of the parent shrimp is (2-3): 1.
Further, in step S3, the disinfection method before stocking the parent shrimps is to adopt 5% salt solution for immersion bath for 5-10 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate for immersion for 10-20 minutes.
Further, in the step S4, the mode of feeding the feed is that the lobster feed with the protein content of 40-44% is matched with fresh trash fish, the feeding is carried out for 1 time every evening, and the feeding amount is ensured to be eaten up 2-3 hours after the feed is fed.
Further, in step S4, the specific process of inducing the mating and spawning of the parent shrimps by adjusting the water level of the paddy field is as follows: after stocking the parent shrimps, continuously inducing the parent shrimps to enter the holes for mating for 5-7 days; during induced mating, draining water and adding water once a day, specifically adding water after draining dry water in a rice field and exposing for 2-3 hours, and timely starting an oxygenation device to keep the dissolved oxygen content of a water body above 5 mg/L; after the parent shrimps embrace eggs, adding water until the water depth of the ring channel is 1.2-1.5 m; the stocking time is selected at the beginning of July, the mating is completed before the middle ten days of 7 months, and the hatching of the seedlings in 8 months is completed.
Further, in step S5, the material of the buckling shed is a double-layer plastic film, and the height of the shed roof is 1.0-1.2 m.
Further, in step S6, the water level is maintained at 1.5-1.8 m.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the method is suitable for breeding the crayfishes in the paddy field in the northern area, adopts the technology of inducing the mating and spawning of the parent crayfishes and the technology of buckling the crayfishes in the circular ditches in the breeding process of the crayfishes, plays an important role in breeding the crayfishes in the paddy field in the northern area, ensures that the total yield of the bred crayfishes is high, has high survival rate, can effectively solve the problem of crayfish seedling shortage in the northern area, and reduces the defects of high death rate and poor adaptability of the crayfishes in other places.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The rice field breeding method for crayfishes in northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field selection and planning:
selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide in the periphery, sufficient in illumination, convenient to transport, separate in water intake and drainage and 10-50 mu in area; digging and building a circular ditch around the rice field, wherein the area of the circular ditch is not more than 10% of the area of the whole rice field; excavating field ditches in the middle of the rice field, constructing field ridges around the rice field, and installing escape-preventing facilities around the ridges; the distance between the ring ditch and the field pool ridge is 1.5 meters; the upper opening of the circular trench is 3 meters wide, and the lower opening of the circular trench is 0.8 meter wide; the width of the field ditch is 1.4 meters, and the depth is 0.5 meter; the escape-proof facilities are plastic films or calcium-plastic plates, and the escape-proof height is 40 cm.
S2, cultivation of aquatic plants:
selecting submerged plants as waterweeds for transplanting, wherein the transplanting is mainly carried out in a circular ditch and an inter-field ditch, the transplanting time is 15 days before seedling setting, and the cultivation area of the waterweeds is controlled on the basis of sporadic distribution and no aggregation; the aquatic weeds are hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, waterweed, goldfish algae, curly pondweed or water peanuts; the planting area is 30 percent of the culture water surface; the water level is 40 cm when the waterweeds are planted in the circular ditch; applying 30kg of fermented decomposed manure per mu after the aquatic weeds are planted;
s3, rice field stocking of parent shrimps:
selecting strong, bright red and moderate parent shrimps for disinfection and then uniformly stocking the shrimps along the periphery of the circular groove; the stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day of the morning of the beginning of the seventh month, and the temperature difference between the parent shrimp breeding water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; the stocking density is 30kg per mu; selecting the parent shrimps as the unmatched parent shrimps, wherein the ratio of the female part to the male part of the parent shrimps is 2: 1; the disinfection method before stocking the parent shrimps is to adopt 5 percent saline solution for immersion bath for 5 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate for immersion for 10 minutes.
S4, inducing the mating and spawning of parent shrimps:
after the parent shrimps are put in the field, uniformly feeding the feed into the rice field regularly and quantitatively every day, and inducing the parent shrimps to mate and lay eggs by adopting a mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field; the mode of feeding the feed is that lobster feed with 40 percent of protein content is matched with fresh trash fish, and the feeding is carried out for 1 time every evening, and the feeding amount is ensured to be eaten up 2 to 3 hours after the feed is fed; the specific process of inducing the mating and spawning of the parent shrimps by adopting the mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field comprises the following steps: after stocking the parent shrimps, continuously inducing the parent shrimps to enter the holes for mating for 5 days; during induced mating, draining water and adding water once a day, specifically adding water after draining dry water in a rice field and exposing for 2 hours, and timely starting an oxygenation device to keep the dissolved oxygen content of a water body at 5 mg/L; after the parent shrimps embrace eggs, adding water until the water depth of the ring channel is 1.2-1.5 m; mating is completed before the middle ten days of 7 months, and hatching of seedlings in 8 months is completed;
s5, buckling a shed of the circular ditch:
buckling the annular ditch when the water temperature in the rice field is reduced to 15 ℃, adopting a semi-closed type with an air inlet and an air outlet reserved in the greenhouse before winter, and adopting a fully-closed type after winter; the buckling shed is made of a double-layer plastic film, and the height of the shed roof is 1.0 m;
s6, seedling culture:
and during the fry culture period, the pond is kept patrolling every day, the water level of the circular groove is kept at 1.5m, the continuous inflation is carried out, the covering of an ice layer is avoided, the development and incubation conditions of the oviparous parent shrimps are checked, and the bred prawns are caught by a ground cage after the fact that the young shrimps are incubated out is discovered.
Example 2
The rice field breeding method for crayfishes in northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field selection and planning:
selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide in the periphery, sufficient in illumination, convenient to transport, separate in water intake and drainage and 10-50 mu in area; digging and building a circular ditch around the rice field, wherein the area of the circular ditch is not more than 10% of the area of the whole rice field; excavating field ditches in the middle of the rice field, constructing field ridges around the rice field, and installing escape-preventing facilities around the ridges; the distance between the ring ditch and the field pool ridge is 1.5 meters; the upper opening of the circular groove is 3.5 meters wide, and the lower opening of the circular groove is 1.0 meter wide; the width of the field ditch is 1.5 meters, and the depth is 0.6 meter; the escape-proof facilities are plastic films or calcium-plastic plates, and the escape-proof height is 45 cm.
S2, cultivation of aquatic plants:
selecting submerged plants as waterweeds for transplanting, wherein the transplanting is mainly carried out in a circular ditch and an inter-field ditch, the transplanting time is 15 days before seedling setting, and the cultivation area of the waterweeds is controlled on the basis of sporadic distribution and no aggregation; the aquatic weeds are hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, waterweed, goldfish algae, curly pondweed or water peanuts; the planting area is 40 percent of the culture water surface; when the waterweeds are planted in the circular ditch, the water level is 50 cm; applying 40kg of fermented decomposed manure per mu after the aquatic weeds are planted;
s3, rice field stocking of parent shrimps:
selecting strong, bright red and moderate parent shrimps for disinfection and then uniformly stocking the shrimps along the periphery of the circular groove; the stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day of the morning of the beginning of the seventh month, and the temperature difference between the parent shrimp breeding water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; the stocking density is 40kg per mu; selecting the parent shrimps as the unmatched parent shrimps, wherein the ratio of the female part to the male part of the parent shrimps is 2.5: 1; the stocking time is selected at the beginning of 7 months. The disinfection method before stocking the parent shrimps is to adopt 5 percent saline solution for immersion bath for 7 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate for immersion for 15 minutes.
S4, inducing the mating and spawning of parent shrimps:
after the parent shrimps are put in the field, uniformly feeding the feed into the rice field regularly and quantitatively every day, and inducing the parent shrimps to mate and lay eggs by adopting a mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field; the mode of feeding the feed is that lobster feed with protein content of 42 percent is matched with fresh trash fish, and the feeding is carried out for 1 time every evening, and the feeding amount is ensured to be eaten up 2 to 3 hours after the feed is fed; the specific process of inducing the mating and spawning of the parent shrimps by adopting the mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field comprises the following steps: after stocking the parent shrimps, continuously inducing the parent shrimps to enter the holes for mating for 6 days; during induced mating, draining water and adding water once a day, specifically adding water after draining water in a rice field and exposing for 2.5 hours, and timely starting an oxygenation device to keep the dissolved oxygen content of a water body at 5 mg/L; after the parent shrimps embrace eggs, adding water until the water depth of the ring channel is 1.2-1.5 m; mating is completed before the middle ten days of 7 months, and hatching of seedlings in 8 months is completed;
s5, buckling a shed of the circular ditch:
buckling the annular ditch when the water temperature in the rice field is reduced to 15 ℃, adopting a semi-closed type with an air inlet and an air outlet reserved in the greenhouse before winter, and adopting a fully-closed type after winter; the buckling shed is made of a double-layer plastic film, and the height of the shed roof is 1.1 m;
s6, seedling culture:
and during the fry culture period, the pond is kept patrolling every day, the water level of the circular groove is kept at 1.6 m, the continuous inflation is carried out, the covering of an ice layer is avoided, the development and incubation conditions of the oviparous parent shrimps are checked, and the bred prawns are caught by a ground cage after the fact that the young shrimps are incubated out is discovered.
Example 3
The rice field breeding method for crayfishes in northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field selection and planning:
selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide in the periphery, sufficient in illumination, convenient to transport, separate in water intake and drainage and 10-50 mu in area; digging and building a circular ditch around the rice field, wherein the area of the circular ditch is not more than 10% of the area of the whole rice field; excavating field ditches in the middle of the rice field, constructing field ridges around the rice field, and installing escape-preventing facilities around the ridges; the distance between the ring ditch and the field pool ridge is 1.5 meters; the upper opening of the circular trench is 4 meters wide, and the lower opening of the circular trench is 1.2 meters wide; the width of the field ditch is 1.6 meters, and the depth is 0.8 meter; the escape-proof facilities are plastic films or calcium-plastic plates, and the escape-proof height is 50 cm.
S2, cultivation of aquatic plants:
selecting submerged plants as waterweeds for transplanting, wherein the transplanting is mainly carried out in a circular ditch and an inter-field ditch, the transplanting time is 15 days before seedling setting, and the cultivation area of the waterweeds is controlled on the basis of sporadic distribution and no aggregation; the aquatic weeds are hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, waterweed, goldfish algae, curly pondweed or water peanuts; the planting area is 50% of the culture water surface; the water level is 60 cm when the waterweeds are planted in the circular ditch; applying 50kg of fermented decomposed manure per mu after the aquatic weeds are planted;
s3, rice field stocking of parent shrimps:
selecting strong, bright red and moderate parent shrimps for disinfection and then uniformly stocking the shrimps along the periphery of the circular groove; the stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day of the morning of the beginning of the seventh month, and the temperature difference between the parent shrimp breeding water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; the stocking density is 50kg per mu; the selected parent shrimps are unmatched parent shrimps, and the ratio of the female to male of the parent shrimps is 3: 1. The disinfection method before stocking the parent shrimps is to adopt 5 percent saline solution for immersion bath for 10 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate for immersion for 20 minutes.
S4, inducing the mating and spawning of parent shrimps:
after the parent shrimps are put in the field, uniformly feeding the feed into the rice field regularly and quantitatively every day, and inducing the parent shrimps to mate and lay eggs by adopting a mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field; the mode of feeding the feed is that lobster feed with the protein content of 44 percent is matched with fresh small trash fish, the feeding is carried out for 1 time every evening, and the feeding amount is ensured to be eaten up 3 hours after the feed is fed; the specific process of inducing the mating and spawning of the parent shrimps by adopting the mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field comprises the following steps: after stocking the parent shrimps, continuously inducing the parent shrimps to enter the holes for mating for 7 days; during induced mating, draining water and adding water once a day, specifically adding water after draining dry water in a rice field and exposing for 3 hours, and timely starting an oxygenation device to keep the dissolved oxygen content of a water body at 5 mg/L; after the parent shrimps embrace eggs, adding water until the water depth of the ring channel is 1.2-1.5 m; mating is completed before the middle ten days of 7 months, and hatching of seedlings in 8 months is completed;
s5, buckling a shed of the circular ditch:
buckling the annular ditch when the water temperature in the rice field is reduced to 15 ℃, adopting a semi-closed type with an air inlet and an air outlet reserved in the greenhouse before winter, and adopting a fully-closed type after winter; the buckling shed is made of a double-layer plastic film, and the height of the shed roof is 1.2 m;
s6, seedling culture:
and during the fry culture period, the pond is kept patrolling every day, the water level of the circular groove is kept at 1.8 m, the continuous inflation is carried out, the covering of an ice layer is avoided, the development and incubation conditions of the oviparous parent shrimps are checked, and the bred prawns are caught by a ground cage after the fact that the young shrimps are incubated out is discovered.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is the same as example 3 except that step S4 is different from example 3, step S4 of this comparative example:
after the parent shrimps are put in the field, uniformly feeding the feed into the rice field regularly and quantitatively every day; the mode of feeding the feed is that lobster feed with 40 percent of protein content is matched with fresh trash fish, and the feeding is carried out for 1 time every evening, and the feeding amount is ensured to be eaten up 2 to 3 hours after the feed is fed; timely starting the oxygenation equipment to keep the dissolved oxygen content of the water body at 5 mg/L.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was compared with example 3, and the step of S5 was not performed, and the other steps were the same as example 3.
The culture effects of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 crayfish farming test results of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
As can be seen from the above table, the yields of the examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are all higher than those of the comparative examples 1 to 2, which shows that the survival rate of the crayfishes bred by the method for breeding the crayfishes in the paddy field in the northern area is high, and the results of the examples 3 and 1 to 2 show that the shed covering treatment for inducing the mating and spawning of the parent crayfishes and making the fries around the ditches plays an important role in the paddy field breeding of the crayfishes in the northern area.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The rice field breeding method for crayfishes in northern areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field selection and planning:
selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide in the periphery, sufficient in illumination, convenient to transport, separate in water intake and drainage and 10-50 mu in area; digging and building a circular ditch around the rice field, wherein the area of the circular ditch is not more than 10% of the area of the whole rice field; excavating field ditches in the middle of the rice field, constructing field ridges around the rice field, and installing escape-preventing facilities around the ridges;
s2, cultivation of aquatic plants:
selecting submerged plants as waterweeds for transplanting, wherein the transplanting is mainly carried out in a circular ditch and an inter-field ditch, the transplanting time is 15 days before seedling setting, and the cultivation area of the waterweeds is controlled on the basis of sporadic distribution and no aggregation;
s3, rice field stocking of parent shrimps:
selecting strong, bright red and moderate parent shrimps for disinfection and then uniformly stocking the shrimps along the periphery of the circular groove; the stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day of the morning of the beginning of the seventh month, and the temperature difference between the parent shrimp breeding water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; the stocking density is 30-50kg per mu;
s4, inducing the mating and spawning of parent shrimps:
after the parent shrimps are put in the field, uniformly feeding the feed into the rice field regularly and quantitatively every day, and inducing the parent shrimps to mate and lay eggs by adopting a mode of adjusting the water level of the rice field;
s5, buckling a shed of the circular ditch:
buckling the annular ditch when the water temperature in the rice field is reduced to 15 ℃, adopting a semi-closed type with an air inlet and an air outlet reserved in the greenhouse before winter, and adopting a fully-closed type after winter;
s6, seedling culture:
and during the fry culture period, the pond is kept in every day, the water level is kept, the pond is continuously inflated, the ice layer is prevented from covering, the development and the hatching conditions of the brooding parent shrimps are checked, and after the young shrimps are hatched, the bred shrimps are caught by a ground cage.
2. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the distance between the circular trench and the field ridge is 1.5 m; the upper opening of the circular groove is 3-4 m wide, and the lower opening of the circular groove is 0.8-1.2 m wide; the width of the field ditch is 1.4-1.6 meters, and the depth is 0.5-0.8 meter; the escape-proof facilities are plastic films or calcium-plastic plates, and the escape-proof height is 40-50 cm.
3. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, said aquatic weeds are hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, waterweed, goldfish algae, curly pondweed or water peanuts; the planting area is 30-50% of the culture water surface; the water level is 40-60 cm when the waterweeds are planted in the circular ditch.
4. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, fermented decomposed manure is applied 30-50kg per mu after the aquatic weeds are planted.
5. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the selected parent shrimp is an unmatched parent shrimp, and the ratio of the female and male of the parent shrimp is (2-3): 1.
6. The rice field breeding method for crayfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the sterilization method before stocking of parent crayfish is 5-10 minutes of 5% salt solution or 10-20 minutes of 5ppm potassium permanganate.
7. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the feeding is carried out by using lobster feed with protein content of 40% -44% in combination with fresh trash fish, and feeding is carried out 1 time in the evening every day, and the feeding amount is ensured to be consumed 2-3 hours after the feeding.
8. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 for inducing the mating and spawning of parent shrimp by adjusting the water level of the rice field comprises the following steps: after stocking the parent shrimps, continuously inducing the parent shrimps to enter the holes for mating for 5-7 days; during induced mating, draining water and adding water once a day, specifically adding water after draining dry water in a rice field and exposing for 2-3 hours, and timely starting an oxygenation device to keep the dissolved oxygen content of a water body above 5 mg/L; after the parent shrimps embrace eggs, adding water until the water depth of the ring channel is 1.2-1.5 m; the stocking time is selected at the beginning of July, the mating is completed before the middle ten days of 7 months, and the hatching of the seedlings in 8 months is completed.
9. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the material of said cover is double-layer plastic film, and the height of the top of the cover is 1.0-1.2 m.
10. The rice field propagation method for crayfish in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S6, said water level is maintained to maintain the water level of the water in the ring trench at 1.5-1.8 m.
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