CN110663605A - Pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas - Google Patents
Pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas Download PDFInfo
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- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000555922 Potamogeton crispus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 244000026873 Alternanthera philoxeroides Species 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a crayfish pond ecological breeding method suitable for northern areas, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic product breeding. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a pond, cultivating aquatic weeds, stocking parent shrimps, mating and spawning the parent shrimps, covering a shed in the pond, and cultivating seedlings. The method can effectively solve the problem of crayfish fry shortage in northern areas, reduces the defects of high death rate and poor adaptability of the crayfish in other areas, and has important significance for the development of the crayfish industry in the northern areas.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product propagation, in particular to a crayfish pond ecological propagation method suitable for northern areas.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, more and more people eat crayfishes, and the crayfishes are bred by the fire explosion in the crayfish consumption market. In 2018, the development of the industry of Chinese crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is accelerated, the breeding area is more than 1600 mu of a thousand, the yield is more than 160 million tons, and the total economic value is more than 3600 million yuan. The crayfish breeding cost is low, the benefit is high, the crayfish breeding method becomes one of the main modes of ecological cycle agricultural development, and the crayfish breeding method is a yang oriented industry which accelerates and promotes the green development of fishery in a new age and has the most vigor, potential and characteristics.
At present, the crayfish market at home and abroad still has a huge gap. The crayfish is mainly cultivated in southern areas such as Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and the like in China. Due to the fact that the difference between the northern area and the southern area is large, large-scale cultivation cannot be formed in the northern area, seedlings can only be purchased from the southern area, but the seedlings die in a large scale in the transportation process and have low survival rate in the cultivation process, and the economic benefits of artificial cultivation and cultivation of crayfishes in the northern area are seriously affected.
Therefore, the breeding technology of the crayfish in the northern area is urgently needed to be solved, and the self-bred crayfish seedlings can lay a solid foundation for the rapid development of the crayfish industry in the northern area.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides an ecological breeding method of a crayfish pond suitable for northern areas, which aims to solve the problems of high mortality rate and poor adaptability of crayfish seedlings introduced from other places due to the shortage of the crayfish seedlings in the northern areas.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of pond
Firstly, a gentle slope of 15-20 degrees is arranged around the pond, then a steep slope of 60-70 degrees is arranged around the pond, a circular ditch is dug around the pond, the distance between the slope bottom and the bottom of a central platform is 1.2 meters, the center of the pond is provided with the central platform, a groove with the depth of 20 centimeters is arranged on the platform and communicated with the circular ditch, meanwhile, escape-proof facilities are arranged around the pond ridge, and the pond ridge needs to be tamped when being constructed;
s2 cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants as aquatic weeds, planting the aquatic weeds in rows and columns or in clusters, wherein the planting area is not less than 20% of the culture water surface, the water surface coverage rate of the aquatic weeds is not higher than 50% of the water surface, the water level of the aquatic weeds is not higher than 60 cm when the aquatic weeds are planted, and applying sufficient base fertilizer after the aquatic weeds are planted according to plan requirements;
s3, stocking parent shrimps
Stocking parent shrimps in 7 months, wherein the stocking time is carried out in the morning or in the shade of fine days, the water temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃, the stocking is carried out once for the parent shrimps, 40-80kg of parent shrimps are stocked per mu, the physique is strong, the color is bright red, the specification is more than 35 g/parent shrimps, the stocking is carried out uniformly along the periphery of the pond during stocking of the parent shrimps, the distribution is uniform, artificial feed is fed in time after stocking of the parent shrimps, and the parent shrimps are disinfected before stocking to kill pathogens;
s4, inducing mating and spawning of parent shrimps
After stocking parent shrimps, performing intensive cultivation, feeding excellent feed, regularly and quantitatively feeding every day, regularly adjusting water level to induce mating and spawning, after the parent shrimps hold eggs, adding water to 1.2-1.5 m to submerge most caves at the pond edge, completing mating before the middle ten days of 7 months, and completing spawning in 8 months;
s5 pond buckling shed
Buckling the pond when the water temperature is reduced to 12-15 ℃, completing the buckling in 6-8 days, leaving air inlet and outlet openings when the greenhouse cannot be completely closed in the early stage of winter, and properly opening a window or uncovering a film to allow air to circulate when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃;
s6, cultivating seedlings
And (4) insisting on daily pond patrol, checking the development and hatching conditions of the egg-carrying parent shrimps, and catching the bred parent shrimps by using a ground cage after a large number of juvenile shrimps are hatched.
Further, in step S1, the area of the pond is 1-3 mu, the depth of the water in the circular trench is 1.5-1.8 m, the escape-proof facility is a plastic film or a calcium-plastic plate, and the escape-proof height is 40-50 cm.
Further, in step S2, the water weeds need to be transplanted with hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, waterweed, goldfish algae, curly pondweed, and water peanuts, the hydrilla verticillata and the water peanuts are planted in 11-3 months, the hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil or goldfish algae are planted in 7-10 months, the transplanting row spacing of the water weeds is 3-5 meters, the cluster spacing is 0.5-1 meter, the planting area is 20-40% of the culture water surface, the water surface coverage rate of the water weeds in the growth peak period is 30-50%, the water level is 40-60 cm when the water weeds are planted, and 30-50 kg of fermented rotten manure is applied to each mu after the water weeds are planted.
Further, in step S3, the selected parent shrimps are unmatched parent shrimps, the stocking time is at the beginning of 7 months, and the ratio of female to male for stocking the parent shrimps is 2-3: 1, soaking parent shrimps in 5% saline solution for 5 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate for 15 minutes before stocking.
Further, in step S4, after parent shrimps are released, high-quality compound feed with the protein content of 40-44% needs to be fed, fresh small trash fish is matched, feeding is carried out for 1 time every evening, the feeding amount is controlled to be consumed after 2-3 hours after the feed is fed, the dissolved oxygen content of water quality reaches 5mg/L, water is drained once every 5-7 days, 10 cm of water is drained every time, and the parent shrimps are induced to enter holes and mate until the water level is reduced to 0.6-0.8 m.
Further, in step S5, the pond is covered with a shed when the water temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, and the side shed is closed day by day with the area of 1/8-1/6.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a crayfish pond ecological breeding method suitable for northern areas, which comprises the steps of preparing a pond, cultivating aquatic weeds, stocking parent shrimps, mating and spawning the parent shrimps, buckling the pond and breeding offspring seeds, and ensuring the smooth propagation production of the crayfish through scientific management of each stage, so that the crayfish offspring seeds can be successfully obtained in the northern areas, the problem of crayfish offspring seed shortage in the northern areas can be effectively solved, the defects of high death rate and poor adaptability of the crayfish outside the field are reduced, and the method has important significance for the development of the crayfish industry in the northern areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of pond
The area of the pond is 2 mu, the water depth of the culture ring ditch can be kept to be 1.5 meters, and plastic film escape-preventing nets are arranged around the pond ridge, and the escape-preventing height is 40 cm.
S2 cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants as waterweeds, planting elodea and alternanthera philoxeroides in 11-3 months, planting hydrilla verticillata in 7-10 months, forming rows and rows or clusters in the planting process, wherein the transplanting row spacing of the waterweeds is 3 meters, the cluster spacing is 0.5 meter, the planting area is 20 percent of the culture water surface, the water surface coverage rate in the growth peak period of the waterweeds is 40 percent, the water level in the planting process of the waterweeds is 60 centimeters, and 50 kilograms of fermented decomposed manure is applied to each mu after the waterweeds are planted.
S3, stocking parent shrimps
Stocking at the beginning of 7 months, wherein the parent shrimps are unmatched parent shrimps, stocking is performed in the morning or in the cloudy day on sunny days, the water temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃, the feet of the parent shrimps are stocked once, and the ratio of the female to male of the parent shrimps is 2: 1, stocking 40kg of parent shrimps per mu, wherein the specification is more than 35g, the parent shrimps are uniformly stocked along the periphery of the pond when being stocked, the distribution points are uniform, the artificial feed is fed in time after the parent shrimps are stocked, and the parent shrimps are soaked in 5% salt water for 5 minutes before being stocked.
S4, inducing mating and spawning of parent shrimps
After the parent shrimps are put in a suitable place for breeding, water quality modifiers are sprayed to the whole pond every 10 days, the dissolved oxygen content of water quality reaches over 5mg/L, high-quality compound feed with the protein content of 40% is fed, fresh small trash fish is fed for 1 time every evening, the feeding amount is controlled to be consumed after 2 hours after the feed is fed, water is drained once every 5 days, 10 cm is drained each time until the water level is reduced to 0.6 m, the parent shrimps are induced to enter cavities and mate, egg holding is completed in the middle of 7 months, water is added to 1.2 m after the parent shrimps hold eggs, most cavities on the sides of the pond are submerged, and hatching of the fries is completed in 8 months.
S5 pond buckling shed
And (3) buckling the pond when the water temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, and closing the side sheds daily by 1/6 area every day to finish the process in 6 days. The greenhouse can not be totally closed in the early winter, and an air inlet and an air outlet need to be reserved; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, the window is opened or the film is uncovered properly to allow air to circulate.
S6, cultivating seedlings
And (4) insisting on daily pond patrol, checking the development and hatching conditions of the egg-carrying parent shrimps, and catching the bred parent shrimps by using a ground cage after a large number of juvenile shrimps are hatched.
Example 2
A pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of pond
The area of the pond is 3 mu, the water depth of the culture ring ditch can be kept to be 1.6 meters, and plastic film escape-preventing nets are arranged around the pond ridge, and the escape-preventing height is 50 cm.
S2 cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants as aquatic weeds, planting elodea and alternaria philoxeroides in 11-3 months, planting watermifoil in 7-10 months, wherein the submerged plants need to be lined or clustered vertically and horizontally, the transplanting line spacing of the aquatic weeds is 5 meters, the cluster spacing is 1 meter, the planting area is 40 percent of the culture water surface, the water surface coverage rate in the growth peak period of the aquatic weeds is 50 percent, the water level in the planting of the aquatic weeds is 60 centimeters, and 50 kilograms of fermented decomposed manure is applied to each mu after the aquatic weeds are planted.
S3, stocking parent shrimps
The stocking time is at the beginning of 7 months. The parent shrimps are not copulated, the stocking time is carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the water temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃. The parent shrimps are bred and fed enough at one time, and the female-male ratio of the parent shrimps is 3: 1. 40kg of breeding shrimps with the specification of more than 35g per mu are released, the parent shrimps are released and bred uniformly along the periphery of the pond when being released and distributed uniformly, the artificial feed is fed in time after the parent shrimps are released and bred, and the disinfection method before the release breeding is 5 percent saline solution immersion bath for 5 minutes.
S4 mating and spawning parent shrimps
After parent shrimps are put in the pond, the water quality modifier is used once every 15 days, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water quality reaches more than 5 mg/L. Feeding high-quality compound feed with 42% of protein, matching with fresh small trash fish, feeding for 1 time every evening, wherein the feeding amount needs to be finished 2 hours after the feed is fed. Draining water every 5 days every day by 10 cm every time until the water level is reduced to 0.8 m, inducing parent shrimps to enter the holes and mate, completing egg holding in the middle 7 months, adding water to 1.5 m after the parent shrimps hold eggs, submerging most caves on the pond edge, and completing fry incubation in 8 months.
S5 pond buckling shed
And (3) buckling the pond when the water temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, and closing the side sheds daily by an area of 1/8 every day for 8 days. The greenhouse can not be totally closed in the early winter, and an air inlet and an air outlet need to be reserved; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, the window is opened or the film is uncovered properly to allow air to circulate.
S6, cultivating seedlings
And (4) insisting on daily pond patrol, checking the development and hatching conditions of the egg-carrying parent shrimps, and catching the bred shrimps by using a ground cage after a large number of young shrimps are hatched.
Example 3
A pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of pond
The area of the pond is 1 mu, the water depth of the culture ring ditch can be kept to be 1.8 meters, and plastic film escape-preventing nets are arranged around the pond ridge and have the escape-preventing height of 45 centimeters.
S2 cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants as waterweeds, planting elodea and alternanthera philoxeroides in 11-3 months, planting goldfish algae in 7-10 months, wherein the waterweeds are lined or clustered vertically and horizontally, the transplanting line spacing of the waterweeds is 4 meters, the cluster spacing is 0.8 meter, the planting area is 30 percent of the culture water surface, the water surface coverage rate of the waterweeds in the growth peak period is 40 percent, the water level is 50 centimeters when the waterweeds are planted, and 40 kilograms of fermented decomposed manure is applied to each mu after the waterweeds are planted.
S3, stocking parent shrimps
The stocking time is at the beginning of 7 months. The parent shrimps are not copulated, the stocking time is carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the water temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃. The parent shrimps are bred and fed enough at one time, and the female-male ratio of the parent shrimps is 2.5: 1. 80kg of breeding shrimps with the specification of more than 35g per mu are released, the parent shrimps are released and bred uniformly along the periphery of the pond when being released and distributed uniformly, the artificial feed is fed in time after the parent shrimps are released and bred, and the disinfection method before the release breeding is 5 percent saline solution immersion bath for 5 minutes.
S4, inducing mating and spawning of parent shrimps
After parent shrimps are put in the pond, the water quality modifier is used once every 12 days, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water quality reaches more than 5 mg/L. Feeding high-quality compound feed with 44% of protein, matching with fresh small trash fish, feeding for 1 time every evening, wherein the feeding amount needs to be finished 2 hours after the feed is fed. Draining water every 6 days for 10 cm each time until the water level is reduced to 0.7 m, and inducing parent shrimps to enter the holes and mate. And (4) completing egg carrying in the middle ten days of 7 months, adding water to 1.3 m after the parent shrimps carry eggs, submerging most caves beside the pond, and completing the incubation of the fries in 8 months.
S5 pond buckling shed
And (3) buckling the pond when the water temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, sealing the side sheds day by day in an area of 1/7 every day, and finishing the process for 7 days. The greenhouse can not be totally closed in the early winter, and an air inlet and an air outlet need to be reserved; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, the window is opened or the film is uncovered properly to allow air to circulate.
S6, cultivating seedlings
And (4) insisting on daily pond patrol, checking the development and hatching conditions of the egg-carrying parent shrimps, and catching the bred shrimps by using a ground cage after a large number of young shrimps are hatched.
Example 4
A pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of pond
The area of the pond is 2 mu, the water depth of the culture ring ditch can be kept to be 1.6 meters, and plastic film escape-preventing nets are arranged around the pond ridge, and the escape-preventing height is 40 cm.
S2 cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants as waterweeds, planting elodea and alternanthera philoxeroides in 11-3 months, planting goldfish algae in 7-10 months, wherein the waterweeds are lined or clustered vertically and horizontally, the transplanting line spacing of the waterweeds is 4 meters, the cluster spacing is 0.8 meter, the planting area is 40 percent of the culture water surface, the water surface coverage rate of the waterweeds in the growth peak period is 50 percent, the water level is 60 centimeters when the waterweeds are planted, and 40 kilograms of fermented decomposed manure is applied to each mu after the waterweeds are planted.
S3, stocking parent shrimps
The stocking time is at the beginning of 7 months. The parent shrimps are not copulated, the stocking time is carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the water temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃. The parent shrimps are bred and fed enough at one time, and the female-male ratio of the parent shrimps is 2: 1. 60kg of breeding shrimps with the specification of more than 35g per mu are released, the parent shrimps are released and bred uniformly along the periphery of the pond when being released and distributed uniformly, the artificial feed is fed in time after the parent shrimps are released and bred, and the disinfection method before the release breeding is 5 percent saline solution immersion bath for 5 minutes.
S4, inducing mating and spawning of parent shrimps
After parent shrimps are put in the pond, the water quality modifier is used once every 10 days, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water quality reaches more than 5 mg/L. Feeding high-quality compound feed with 40% of protein, matching with fresh small trash fish, feeding for 1 time every evening, wherein the feeding amount needs to be finished 2 hours after the feed is fed. Draining water every 6 days for 10 cm each time until the water level is reduced to 0.6 m, and inducing parent shrimps to enter the holes and mate. And (4) completing egg carrying in the middle ten days of 7 months, adding water to 1.4 m after the parent shrimps carry eggs, submerging most caves beside the pond, and completing the incubation of the fries in 8 months.
S5 pond buckling shed
And (3) buckling the pond when the water temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, and closing the side sheds daily by 1/6 area every day to finish the process in 6 days. The greenhouse can not be totally closed in the early winter, and an air inlet and an air outlet need to be reserved; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, the window is opened or the film is uncovered properly to allow air to circulate.
S6, cultivating seedlings
And (4) insisting on daily pond patrol, checking the development and hatching conditions of the egg-carrying parent shrimps, and catching the bred shrimps by using a ground cage after a large number of young shrimps are hatched.
Comparative example
The breeding method of this comparative example is basically the same as that of example 4, except that the mating spawning is not induced by the drainage and water level lowering in step S4, and the pond buckling operation of step (5) is not employed.
Test example
The amount of seedlings grown by the ecological breeding method of crayfish ponds of examples 1 to 4 and the control example was counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The results show that: the pond breeding of the crayfishes in the northern area needs to reasonably arrange the mating and spawning time of parent shrimps according to seasons, and can adopt the mode of draining water and lowering the water level to induce mating. In addition, the number of the produced seedlings can be obviously increased by adopting greenhouse heat preservation in the overwintering period.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A pond ecological breeding method for crayfishes suitable for northern areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 preparation of pond
The pond is provided with a circular ditch and a central platform, the circular ditch is dug at the periphery, the circular ditch is firstly provided with a gentle slope of 15-20 degrees and then provided with a steep slope of 60-70 degrees, the distance between the slope bottom and the bottom of the central platform is 1.2 meters, the center of the pond is provided with the central platform, the distance between the platform and the bottom of the pond is 0.8-1.0 meter, the platform is provided with longitudinal and transverse grooves of 20 centimeters in depth and communicated with the circular ditch, anti-escape facilities are arranged at the periphery of the pond ridge, and the pond ridge needs to be tamped when being constructed;
s2 cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants as aquatic weeds, planting the aquatic weeds in rows and columns or in clusters, wherein the planting area is not less than 20% of the culture water surface, the water surface coverage rate of the aquatic weeds is not higher than 50% of the water surface, the water level of the aquatic weeds is not higher than 60 cm when the aquatic weeds are planted, and applying sufficient base fertilizer after the aquatic weeds are planted according to plan requirements;
s3, stocking parent shrimps
Stocking parent shrimps in 7 months, wherein the stocking time is carried out in the morning or in the shade of fine days, the water temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃, the stocking is carried out once for the parent shrimps, 40-80kg of parent shrimps are stocked per mu, the physique is strong, the color is bright red, the specification is more than 35 g/parent shrimps, the stocking is carried out uniformly along the periphery of the pond during stocking of the parent shrimps, the distribution is uniform, artificial feed is fed in time after stocking of the parent shrimps, and the parent shrimps are disinfected before stocking to kill pathogens;
s4, inducing mating and spawning of parent shrimps
After stocking parent shrimps, performing intensive cultivation, feeding excellent feed, regularly and quantitatively feeding every day, regularly adjusting water level to induce mating and spawning, after the parent shrimps hold eggs, adding water to 1.2-1.5 m to submerge most caves at the pond edge, completing mating before the middle ten days of 7 months, and completing spawning in 8 months;
s5 pond buckling shed
Buckling the pond when the water temperature is reduced to 12-15 ℃, completing the buckling in 6-8 days, leaving an air inlet and an air outlet when the greenhouse cannot be completely closed in the early stage of winter, and properly opening a window or uncovering a film to allow air to circulate when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃;
s6, cultivating seedlings
And (4) insisting on daily pond patrol, checking the development and hatching conditions of the egg-carrying parent shrimps, and catching the bred parent shrimps by using a ground cage after a large number of juvenile shrimps are hatched.
2. The ecological breeding method of crayfish ponds suitable for the northern area of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the pond area is 1-3 mu, the depth of the water in the circular trench is 1.5-1.8 m, the escape-preventing means is plastic film or calcium plastic plate, and the escape-preventing height is 40-50 cm.
3. The ecological breeding method of crayfish in pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, water weeds require transplanting hydrilla verticillata, watermifera, helophora, goldfish algae, curly pondweed, and water peanuts, the hydrilla verticillata and the water peanuts are planted in 11-3 months, the hydrilla verticillata, the watermifera, or the goldfish algae are planted in 7-10 months, the row spacing of the water weeds is 3-5 meters, the cluster spacing is 0.5-1 meters, the planting area is 20-40% of the water surface, the water surface coverage rate of the water weeds in the growth peak period is 30-50%, the water level is 40-60 cm when the water weeds are planted, and 30-50 kg of fermented manure is applied to each mu after the water weeds are planted.
4. The ecological breeding method of crayfish in pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the selected parent shrimp is an unmatched parent shrimp, the stocking time is at the beginning of 7 months, the ratio of female to male for stocking the parent shrimp is 2-3: 1, soaking parent shrimps in 5% saline solution for 5 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate for 15 minutes before stocking.
5. The ecological breeding method of crayfish in pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the parent crayfish is raised and fed with high quality compound feed with protein content of 40-44%, and fresh trash fish is fed 1 time every evening, the feeding amount is controlled to be consumed 2-3 hours after the feed is fed, the dissolved oxygen content of the pond water reaches 5mg/L, the water is drained once every 5-7 days, 10 cm is drained each time until the water level drops to 0.6-0.8 m, and the parent crayfish is induced to enter the hole and mate.
6. The ecological breeding method of crayfish ponds in northern area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the pond is covered with a shed when the temperature of water is lowered to 15 ℃, and the side shed is closed day by day with an area of 1/8-1/6.
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