CN110655633A - 一种用于3d打印的petg基tpu线材的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将二元酸、二元醇和催化剂混合反应至均一透明状态时,检测酸值,(2)酸值低于20mgKOH/g后进行预缩聚,预缩聚时间少于20min;(3)待酸值低于2mgKOH/g时得到PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物,(4)将PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物真空脱水后和扩链剂混合再加入异氰酸酯并搅拌得到混合物C,待混合物C接近凝胶点时倒入不锈钢托盘中并在100℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化24 h,然后取出破碎成颗粒并通过拉丝机制备得到用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材。本发明所提供的用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法通过在TPU线材的软段中引入苯环结构以期改善收缩率和耐候性,生产出的成品稳定性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印线材制备方法技术领域,具体涉及一种用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法。
背景技术
3D打印是基于材料离散/堆积的原理发展起来的一种新式快速成形技术。它是通过连续的物理层叠加,逐层增加材料来生成三维实体的一项增材制造技术,与传统的减材制造技术相比,3D打印有许多突出的优点:由数据模型直接得到样件,样件制造周期短;可制作传统成型方法难以制造的复杂结构样件;材料浪费少,未使用的材料可以多次重复使用等,因此,3D打印在世界范围内发展迅速已经在许多学科领域崭露头角。目前应用较多的3D打印技术主要包括光固化立体印刷(SLA)、熔融沉积成型(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)和三维喷印(3DP)等。FDM是目前最具有生命力的快速成型技术之一,它以丝状塑料为打印耗材,利用电加热方式将丝材加热至高于熔化温度,在计算机的控制下将熔融的材料涂覆在工作台上,逐层堆积形成三维工件。高分子线材是适用于FDM型3D打印机的主要耗材,应满足高机械强度、低收缩率、适合熔融温度和无毒环保等要求,目前主要有丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)等。
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PETG)是最近才应用于3D打印的一种无毒、符合环保要求的生物基聚酯,具有结晶度低、疏水性良好、高光泽表面和良好的注塑加工性能。PETG用作3D打印材料时,兼具PLA和ABS的优点,且打印温度低、几乎没有气味、材料收缩率非常低、产品尺寸稳定性好。目前,虽然PETG直接用作3D打印材料的优点众多,但硬度和结构可调节范围窄,导致产品应用领域有限。而热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)则具有韧性好,软硬度可调节范围宽,原材料种类多,通过选择不同的原材料和合理的结构设计可制得能满足不同性能要求的TPU;其缺点是由于分子结构中含有较多极性基团,成型收缩率大,目前在3D打印中应用较少。因此合成PETG类似结构多元醇齐聚物,然后作为软段与二异氰酸酯、小分子扩链剂合成TPU。目前3D打印TPU线材基本以己二酸聚酯等脂肪族多元醇合成的TPU为主,即以脂肪族多元醇为软段与二异氰酸酯、小分子扩链剂合成TPU,然后造粒,再通过拉丝机制备TPU线材,在生产过程中需要通过添加填料如重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙、高岭土等来改善线材的收缩率,但填料与材料的结合还需添加偶联剂来改善,同时填料在打印过程中易从高分子材料中析出,堵塞喷头。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题,提供了一种用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将二元酸、二元醇和催化剂投入到反应容器中形成混合溶液A进行酯化反应,反应温度为230℃~240℃,反应真空度为0.08-0.098Mpa;
(2)待步骤(1)中所述混合溶液A为均一透明状态时,检测所述混合溶液A的酸值;
(3)待步骤(2)中混合溶液A的酸值低于20mgKOH/g时将反应温度升温至250℃~280℃,然后对混合溶液A抽真空进行预缩聚,预缩聚时间不少于20min;
(4)待步骤(3)中混合溶液A的酸值低于2mgKOH/g时,酯化反应结束,混合溶液A冷却后得到PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的所述PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物在100~120℃温度范围内真空脱水后和扩链剂混合,搅拌均匀后得到混合物B;
(6)向步骤(5)得到的混合物B中加入异氰酸酯并搅拌得到混合物C,待混合物C接近凝胶点时倒入不锈钢托盘中并在50-100℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化24-72h,然后取出破碎成颗粒;
(7)将步骤(6)中的颗粒通过拉丝机制备得到用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述反应容器为反应釜。
进一步的,所述二元酸为邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸中的一种。
进一步的,所述二元醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羟基丙烷中的两种。
进一步的,所述催化剂为醋酸锌、二月桂酸二丁基锡、钛酸四异丙酯、钛酸四丁酯、乙二醇锑中的一种。
进一步的,所述异氰酸酯为MDI、TDI、HMDI、NDI、IPDI中的一种。
进一步的,所述二元酸和所述二元醇混合物与所述催化剂的质量比为1%-6%。
进一步的,步骤(7)中所述用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的直径为1.75mm。
进一步的,所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、氢醌(β-羟乙基)醚(HQEE)、新戊二醇、甲基丙二醇、1,4-环己烷二醇、1,4-丁二醇中的一种
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法通过在TPU线材的软段中引入苯环结构以期改善打印制品的收缩率,生产出的成品尺寸稳定性好。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
一种用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将二元酸、二元醇和催化剂投入到反应容器中形成混合溶液A进行酯化反应,反应温度为230℃~240℃,反应真空度为0.08-0.098Mpa;
(2)待步骤(1)中所述混合溶液A为均一透明状态时,检测所述混合溶液A的酸值;
(3)待步骤(2)中混合溶液A的酸值低于20mgKOH/g时将反应温度升温至250℃~280℃,然后对混合溶液A抽真空进行预缩聚,预缩聚时间不少于20min;
(4)待步骤(3)中混合溶液A的酸值低于2mgKOH/g时,酯化反应结束,混合溶液A冷却后得到PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的所述PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物在100~120℃温度范围内真空脱水后和扩链剂混合,搅拌均匀后得到混合物B;
(6)向步骤(5)得到的混合物B中加入异氰酸酯并搅拌得到混合物C,待混合物C接近凝胶点时倒入不锈钢托盘中并在50-100℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化24-72h,然后取出破碎成颗粒;
(7)将步骤(6)中的颗粒通过拉丝机制备得到用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材。
本优选实施例中,步骤(1)中所述反应容器为反应釜。
本优选实施例中,所述二元酸为邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸中的一种。
本优选实施例中,所述二元醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羟基丙烷中的两种。
本优选实施例中,所述催化剂为醋酸锌、二月桂酸二丁基锡、钛酸四异丙酯、钛酸四丁酯、乙二醇锑中的一种。
本优选实施例中,所述异氰酸酯为MDI、TDI、HMDI、NDI、IPDI中的一种。
本优选实施例中,所述二元酸和所述二元醇混合物与所述催化剂的质量比为1%-6%。
本优选实施例中,步骤(7)中所述用于3D打印的PETG基TPU线材的直径为1.75mm。
本优选实施例中,所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、氢醌(β-羟乙基)醚(HQEE)、新戊二醇、甲基丙二醇、1,4-环己烷二醇、1,4-丁二醇中的一种
实施例1
乙二醇与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为5:5,二元酸为对苯二甲酸,催化剂为总质量0.02%的钛酸四异丙酯;反应温度为210℃;真空度为0.082Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度100℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.01%的二月桂酸二丁基锡;快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的熔融MDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在50℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化72h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
实施例2
二乙二醇与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为6:4,二元酸为间苯二甲酸;催化剂为总质量0.06%的钛酸四丁酯;反应温度为230℃;真空度为0.095Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度120℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和氢醌(β-羟乙基)醚(HQEE)扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.05%的二月桂酸二丁基锡,快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的TDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在90℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化48h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
实施例3
1,6-己二醇与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为5:5,二元酸为邻苯二甲酸;催化剂为总质量0.03%的乙二醇锑;反应温度为250℃;真空度为0.09Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度110℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和新戊二醇扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.08%的二月桂酸二丁基锡,快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的HMDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在80℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化48h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
实施例4
新戊二醇与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为3:7,二元酸为对苯二甲酸;催化剂为总质量0.04%的二月桂酸二丁基锡;反应温度为240℃;真空度为0.095Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度110℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和甲基丙二醇扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.06%的二月桂酸二丁基锡,快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的NDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在100℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化24h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
实施例5
二乙二醇与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为8:2,二元酸为邻苯二甲酸;催化剂为总质量0.06%的钛酸四丁酯;反应温度为220℃;真空度为0.092Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度120℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和1,4-环己烷二醇扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.08%的二月桂酸二丁基锡,快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的MDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在90℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化30h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
实施例6
新戊二醇与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为5:5,二元酸为间苯二甲酸;催化剂为总质量0.02%的钛酸四丁酯;反应温度为230℃;真空度为0.085Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度110℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和1,4-丁二醇扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.05%的二月桂酸二丁基锡,快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的TDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在80℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化72h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
实施例7
三羟基丙烷与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为7:3,二元酸为对苯二甲酸;催化剂为总质量0.04%的钛酸四丁酯;反应温度为230℃;真空度为0.098Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度120℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和氢醌(β-羟乙基)醚(HQEE)扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.03%的二月桂酸二丁基锡,快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的IPDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在100℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化48h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
实施例8
乙二醇与1,4-环己烷二醇的摩尔比为2:8,二元酸为邻苯二甲酸;催化剂为总质量0.03%的钛酸四丁酯;反应温度为230℃;真空度为0.098Mpa;
上述多元醇在真空度0.098Mpa,温度120℃下脱水2h,然后降温至20℃后和1,4-丁二醇扩链剂按计量加入烧杯中,催化剂为总质量0.02%的二月桂酸二丁基锡,快速搅拌均匀后加入计量的TDI,快速搅拌,当反应物接近凝胶点时迅速倒入不锈钢托盘中,并在80℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化24h,然后取出破碎成颗粒,用拉丝机制备1.75mm直径3D打印线材。
本领域技术人员应理解,以上实施例仅是示例性实施例,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行多种变化、替换以及改变。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将二元酸、二元醇和催化剂投入到反应容器中形成混合溶液A进行酯化反应,反应温度为230℃ ~ 240℃;
(2)待步骤(1)中所述混合溶液A为均一透明状态时,检测所述混合溶液A的酸值;
(3)待步骤(2)中混合溶液A的酸值低于20mgKOH/g时将反应温度升温至250℃~ 280℃,然后对混合溶液A抽真空进行预缩聚,预缩聚时间少于20min;
(4)待步骤(3)中混合溶液A的酸值低于2mgKOH/g时,酯化反应结束,混合溶液A冷却后得到PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的所述PETG聚酯多元醇低聚物在110~120℃温度范围内真空脱水后和扩链剂混合,搅拌均匀后得到混合物B;
(6)向步骤(5)得到的混合物B中加入异氰酸酯并搅拌得到混合物C,待混合物C接近凝胶点时倒入不锈钢托盘中并在100℃的鼓风烘箱中后硫化24 h,然后取出破碎成颗粒;
(7)将步骤(6)中的颗粒通过拉丝机制备得到用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述反应容器为反应釜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二元酸为邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二元醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羟基丙烷中的两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为醋酸锌、二月桂酸二丁基锡、钛酸四异丙酯、钛酸四丁酯、乙二醇锑中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二元酸与二元醇的摩尔比为1:1-2.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二元酸和所述二元醇混合物与所述催化剂的质量比为1%-6%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中所述用于3D 打印的PETG基TPU线材的直径为1.75mm。
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