CN110655548B - 一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110655548B
CN110655548B CN201810698893.XA CN201810698893A CN110655548B CN 110655548 B CN110655548 B CN 110655548B CN 201810698893 A CN201810698893 A CN 201810698893A CN 110655548 B CN110655548 B CN 110655548B
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陈伟
李桢
陈锋
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Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种6β‑甲基甾体化合物的制备方法,式I化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入钯碳催化剂和单亚磷酸酯配体,与环己烯加热反应,制备得到的式II化合物。本发明的有益效果是:通过在反应体系中加入单亚磷酸酯配体,使得在还原反应时能够得到收率95%以上的6β‑甲基甾体产物,使得甾体类6β位甲基化合物的纯化学方法制备能够实现,且制备工艺过程不含危险的试剂条件,产物的纯度好,收率高。

Description

一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化学合成领域,尤其涉及一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
在甾体类药物的化学合成中,6位取代基一般是α构型的,如6α-甲基取代的甲泼尼龙,氟米龙;6位-氟取代的氟替卡松,氟轻松,双氟可龙,二氟泼尼酯,卤米松,6β-甲基一般是杂质的形式出现在化合物中,很多杂质都没有现成的标准品,因此寻找一种能合成6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法非常迫切。
中国专利CN107602652公开了一种制备6β-甲基泼尼龙方法,但该条合成路线较长,路线含格氏反应、上碘反应以及生物脱氢的方法。操作复杂,工艺路线中还含有高危险性反应条件,同时需要企业具有生物发酵能力等。
专利WO 2010066349A1中指出若将6-亚甲基衍生物在适合溶剂(诸如乙醇)中,在氢化物供体(诸如环己烯)存在下加热,则获得极佳产率之6α-甲基衍生物。
专利WO 2010066349A1的实施例5中也公开了:在氩存在下,将300mg威尔金森催化剂(Wilkinson's catalyst)添加至330mg 17β-氰基-6-亚甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮与40ml甲苯及10ml乙醇溶液中,且使用震荡器设备在大气压下在氢气存在下反应3小时。硅胶快速层析[己烷/乙酸乙酯(0-50%)]移除催化剂得到17β-氰基-6β-甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮:17β-氰基-6α-甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮的比率=2.5:1的6-差向异构体混合物。使用催化量的对甲苯磺酸在二氯甲烷中酸性差向异构及另一硅胶快速层析[己烷/乙酸乙酯(0-50%)]得到纯17β-氰基-6α-甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮(39mg)。该专利中在制备6α甲基的过程中制备得到了部分6β甲基产品,产率较低,该反应方法需要在氩气存在,通氢气参加反应,操作中需要用到高压釜,操作不方便易燃易爆较危险,且在该发明中6β甲基产品是以杂质形式存在的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种操作简单、安全,试剂易得,产率较高的6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法。
本发明的技术方案是:
在有机溶剂中,式I化合物溶、钯碳催化剂和单亚磷酸酯配体以及与环己烯存在下加热反应,制备得到的式II化合物,
Figure BDA0001714312130000021
Figure BDA0001714312130000022
为单键或双键
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5彼此独立地选择且其中:
R1=α-OH、β-OH、-H、=O或-OCOR6,R6为烷基、烷氧基或呋喃基
R2=α-Cl,α-Br,α-F,α-CH3或α-H
或R1和R2可一起形成9β,11β-环氧
R3=-H、-OH、-烷基、-OCOR7,R7为烷基、烷氧基或呋喃基
R4=-H、α-OH、α-CH3、β-CH3
R5=-烷基、-CN、-OH、COR8,R8为烷基、烷氧基
或R3和R4可一起形成具有式III的部分或者式IV的部分:
Figure BDA0001714312130000023
其中Y和Z独立地选自氢或烷基,条件是当Y或Z之一是氢时,另一个是烷基;
当R2=α-Br或α-F时,R1=β-OH
当R1为=O时,R2=α-H。
所述一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法中,所述单亚磷酸酯配体与式I化合物的摩尔比为0.01~0.1:1。
所述单亚磷酸酯配体选自手性单磷配体、手性单齿亚磷酸酰胺配体、手性单亚磷酸酯配体中的一种。
优选地,所述手性单磷配体选自式V化合物或式VI化合物
Figure BDA0001714312130000031
优选地,所述手性单齿亚磷酸酰胺配体选自式VII化合物,或式VIII化合物
Figure BDA0001714312130000032
优选地,所述手性单亚磷酸酯配体选自式IX化合物、或式X化合物
Figure BDA0001714312130000033
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述手性单亚磷酸酯配体选自式X化合物。
一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,所述有机溶剂选自醇类试剂,优选甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇,更优选乙醇、丙醇。
一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,所述环己烯的用量,按照式I化合物与环己烯的质量体积比w/v(g/ml)为1:1~20,优选1:2~4。
一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,所述钯碳与式I化合物的重量比为0.05~0.2:1。
一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,所述反应的温度为50~85℃,优选75~80℃。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:本发明通过在反应体系中加入单亚磷酸酯配体,使得在还原反应时能够得到95%以上的6β-甲基甾体产物,使得甾体类6β位化合物的纯化学方法制备能够实现,且制备工艺过程不含危险的试剂条件,产物的纯度好,收率高。
具体实施方式
下面将通过实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,这些描述并不是对本发明内容作进一步的限定。本领域的技术人员应理解,对本发明的技术特征所作的等同替换,或相应的改进,仍属于本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1化合物2的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000041
将37.4g化合物1、180ml环己烯、50ml乙醇、5g钯碳以及0.5g式X化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入3L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物2产品36.5g,收率为97.6%,HPLC纯度为96.8%,经检测,母液中有少量物质2-1生成。
对照实施例1-1
将37.4g化合物1、180ml环己烯、50ml乙醇、5g钯碳加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入3L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物2-1产品32.6g,收率87.2%,HPLC纯度为93.1%,经检测,母液中有少量物质2生成。
对照实施例1-2
将37.4g化合物1、180ml环己烯、50ml乙醇、0.5g式X化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应几乎不进行。
对照实施例1-3
将37.4g化合物1、180ml环己烯、50ml乙醇、5g钌和0.5g式X化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入3L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物2产品22.3g,收率59.6%,HPLC纯度为93.6%,经检测,母液中有部分物质2-1生成。
对照实施例1-4
将37.4g化合物1、180ml环己烯、50ml乙醇、30g威尔金森催化剂加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入3L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物2产品20.1g,化合物2-1产品16.6g,化合物2的收率53.7%,HPLC纯度为94.3%,化合物2-1的收率44.4%,HPLC纯度为93.1%。
对照实施例1-5
在氩存在下,将30g威尔金森催化剂(Wilkinson's catalyst)添加至37.4g化合物1与40ml甲苯及10ml乙醇溶液中,使用震荡器设备在大气压下,在氢气存在下反应时3小时。硅胶快速层析(己烷/乙酸乙酯(0-50%))移除催化剂,干燥得到化合物2产品18.9g,收率50.5%。
通过实施例1和对照实施例可知,所述手性催化剂中,用其他过渡金属替代钯时,6β甲基的转化率较低;所述手性催化剂中,不加单亚磷酸酯配体时,反应产物为6α甲基产物;所述手性催化剂中,只加单亚磷酸酯配体时,底物不反应。
实施例2化合物4的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000051
将35g化合物3、150ml环己烯、50ml甲醇、3.5g钯碳以及0.4g式VII化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入1.5L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用水洗涤,干燥得化合物4产品33.6g,收率为96%,HPLC纯度为95%,经检测,母液中有少量物质4-1生成。
对照实施例2
将35g化合物3、150ml环己烯、50ml甲醇、3.5g钯碳加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入1.5L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用水洗涤,干燥得化合物4-1产品30.1g,收率86%,HPLC纯度91.3%,经检测,母液中有部分物质4生成。
实施例3化合物6的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000061
将46g化合物5、300ml环己烯、100ml丙醇、6g钯碳以及1g式VI化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入2L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物6产品43.5g,收率为95%,HPLC纯度为97.4%,经检测,母液中有少量物质6-1生成。
对照实施例3
将46g化合物5、300ml环己烯、100ml丙醇、6g钯碳加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入2L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物6-1为39.6g,收率86%,HPLC纯度为93.2%,经检测,母液中有少量物质6生成。
实施例4化合物8的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000062
将37g化合物7、100ml环己烯、60ml丁醇、2g钯碳以及0.7g式IX化合物(M=iPr)加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入3L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物8产品35.3g,收率95.4%,HPLC纯度为94.7%。
实施例5化合物10的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000071
将43g化合物9、500ml环己烯、100ml乙醇、4.3g钯碳以及1g式VIII化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入3L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物10产品41g,收率95.3%,HPLC纯度为93.6%。
实施例6化合物12的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000072
将35g化合物11、300ml环己烯、70ml乙醇、3.5g钯碳以及2.9g式X化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入2.8L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物12产品33.5g,收率95.7%,HPLC纯度为95.1%。
实施例7化合物14的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000081
将38g化合物13、300ml环己烯、100ml乙醇、3.8g钯碳以及0.4g式VIII化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入2.8L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物14产品36.2g,收率95.2%,HPLC纯度为94.6%。
实施例8化合物16的制备
Figure BDA0001714312130000082
将41g化合物15、400ml环己烯、150ml乙醇、3.5g钯碳以及0.5g式V化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入4L水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,干燥得化合物16产品39g,收率95.1%,HPLC纯度为96.7%。
实施例9
Figure BDA0001714312130000083
将330mg化合物17、3ml环己烯、3ml乙醇、50mg钯碳以及5mg式X化合物加入反应瓶中,加热回流,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,降低反应温度至室温,抽滤,将滤液稀释入300mL水中,析出大量固体,抽滤,滤饼用少量水洗涤,得到化合物18(17β-氰基-6β-甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮):化合物18-1(17β-氰基-6α-甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮)的比率=20:1的混合物。
对照实施例9-1
参照专利WO 2010066349A1,在氩存在下,将300mg威尔金森催化剂(Wilkinson'scatalyst)添加至330mg化合物17与40ml甲苯及10ml乙醇溶液中,使用震荡器设备在大气压下,在氢气存在下反应时3小时。硅胶快速层析(己烷/乙酸乙酯(0-50%))移除催化剂,得到化合物18(17β-氰基-6β-甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮):化合物18-1(17β-氰基-6α-甲基-15β,16β-亚甲基甲雄甾-4-烯-3-酮)的比率=2.1:1的混合物。
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:在有机溶剂中,式I化合物在钯碳催化剂、手性单膦配体以及环己烯存在下反应,制备得到的式II化合物,所述手性单磷配体选自式V化合物或式VI化合物
Figure FDA0003501364480000011
反应式如下:
Figure FDA0003501364480000012
Figure FDA0003501364480000013
为单键或双键
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5彼此独立地选择且其中:
R1=α-OH、β-OH、-H、=O或-OCOR6,R6为烷基、烷氧基或呋喃基
R2=α-Cl,α-Br,α-F,α-CH3或α-H
或R1和R2可一起形成9β,11β-环氧
R3=-H、-OH、-烷基、-OCOR7,R7为烷基、烷氧基或呋喃基
R4=-H、α-OH、α-CH3、β-CH3
R5=-烷基、-CN、-OH、COR8,R8为烷基、烷氧基
或R3和R4可一起形成具有式III的部分或者式IV的部分:
Figure FDA0003501364480000014
其中Y和Z独立地选自氢或烷基,条件是当Y或Z之一是氢时,另一个是烷基;
当R2=α-Br或α-F时,R1=β-OH
当R1为=O时,R2=α-H。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述手性膦配体与式I化合物的摩尔比为0.01~0.1:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述环己烯的用量,按照式I化合物与环己烯的质量体积比(g/ml)为1:1~20。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4任一项所述的一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述反应的温度为50~85℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种6β-甲基甾体化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述钯碳与式I化合物的重量比为0.05~0.2:1。
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