CN110615674A - 一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,釉上彩工艺瓷包括坯体和釉料,釉料包括以下原料:石英岩、夕线石、海泡石、白云石、硼砂、石粉、低温熔块、氧化锆、氧化锌、氧化钇,釉料中的海泡石、夕线石的热膨胀系数小,通过二者的配合可降低釉料的热膨胀系数,使釉料热膨胀系数小于坯体的热膨胀系数,石粉可以提高釉料的细腻度,增加釉面的美观,同时釉料中还包括有低温熔块,低温熔块通过煅烧制成,可有效降低釉料的烧成温度,低温熔块中的硅灰石的热膨胀系数小,可进一步降低釉料的热膨胀系数,使釉料热膨胀系数小于坯体的热膨胀系数,保证釉料烧制时,不会龟裂,保证工艺瓷的釉面的美观。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工艺瓷制备领域,具体涉及一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺。
背景技术
陶瓷行业是能耗大户,在能源消耗中占了很大的比例,降低陶瓷生产能耗是陶瓷行业一项长期而重要的任务,在所有的能耗方式中,降低坯体的烧成温度,实现低温快烧是解决能耗过大的根本性办法,其优越性已在陶瓷界形成共识。
釉上彩是陶瓷的主要装饰技法之一,它是用各种彩料在已经烧成的瓷器釉面上绘制各种纹饰,然后二次入窑,通常包括彩绘瓷、彩饰瓷、青花加彩瓷、五彩瓷、粉彩瓷、色地描金瓷及珐琅彩等。釉上彩用釉料不仅要求附着力强,能有效附着于瓷器釉面上,而且要求具有优异的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和耐候性,图案呈现效果好,目前釉上彩在二次烧制过程中,容易开裂,严重影响外观质量,有待进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,所述釉上彩工艺瓷包括坯体和釉料,
坯体包括以下重量份的原料:钾长石22-25份、埃洛石18-22份、德化石英35-40份、硅藻土10-15份、白云石10-15份、蛭石5-8份、赤铁矿3-5份、氮化硼4-8份、氧化镧1-3份、硅酸锆1-2份、氧化钇0.5-0.8份;
釉料包括以下重量份的原料:石英岩30-40份、夕线石18-22份、海泡石12-15份、白云石10-15份、硼砂5-8份、石粉3-5份、低温熔块10-12份、氧化锆1-3份、氧化锌4-8份、氧化钇1-2份;
其制备工艺包括如下步骤:
步骤一,按坯体的原料配方称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、湿法球磨,制得坯浆;
步骤二,将低温熔块的原料称重配料混合均匀,投入熔炼炉中,在1150-1180℃下熔炼成低温熔块,
步骤三,将釉料除低温熔块外的原料称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、混合均匀,与淬水后的低温熔块湿法球磨,制得釉浆;
步骤四,将步骤一制得的坯浆制成坯体;
步骤五,将坯体送入窑炉中,在980-1020℃下素烧7-9h,获得素坯;
步骤六,在素坯表面施步骤三制得的釉浆;
步骤七,待素坯表面的釉浆燥后放入窑炉中,在还原气氛中烧制成型,烧成温度为1130-1160℃。
进一步的,所述低温熔块包括以下重量份的原料:莫来石20-25份、硅灰石10-15份、菱铁矿5-8份、硼酸3-5份、氧化镁4-8份、碳酸钙1-3份、氧化钛1-2份、氧化钴0.5-0.8份。
进一步的,所述步骤七中烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300±10℃,烧窑时间50-70min;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950±5℃,烧窑时间3.5-4.5小时;
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1145±15℃,烧窑时间3.8-4.2小时;
高火保温阶段:窑炉内温度控制在1145±15℃,烧窑时间1.8-2.2小时;
自然冷却阶段:窑炉内冷却至30-60℃,冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
进一步的,所述步骤一中坯浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨18-20h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.2-1.5:0.8-1。
进一步的,所述步骤三中釉浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨24-30h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.8-2:1-1.2。
进一步的,所述步骤四中坯体的成型方法为手拉坯成型或碾压成型或注浆成型。
进一步的,所述步骤六中,釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉或浸釉。
进一步的,所述釉料的厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
由上述对本发明的描述可知,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:釉料中的海泡石、夕线石的热膨胀系数小,通过二者的配合可降低釉料的热膨胀系数,使釉料热膨胀系数小于坯体的热膨胀系数,石粉可以提高釉料的细腻度,增加釉面的美观,同时釉料中还包括有低温熔块,低温熔块通过煅烧制成,可有效降低釉料的烧成温度,低温熔块中的硅灰石的热膨胀系数小,可进一步降低釉料的热膨胀系数,使釉料热膨胀系数小于坯体的热膨胀系数,保证釉料烧制时,不会龟裂,保证工艺瓷的釉面的美观。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷,包括坯体和釉料,釉料的厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料:钾长石22-25份、埃洛石18-22份、德化石英35-40份、硅藻土10-15份、白云石10-15份、蛭石5-8份、赤铁矿3-5份、氮化硼4-8份、氧化镧1-3份、硅酸锆1-2份、氧化钇0.5-0.8份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料:石英岩30-40份、夕线石18-22份、海泡石12-15份、白云石10-15份、硼砂5-8份、石粉3-5份、低温熔块10-12份、氧化锆1-3份、氧化锌4-8份、氧化钇1-2份。
低温熔块包括以下重量份的原料:莫来石20-25份、硅灰石10-15份、菱铁矿5-8份、硼酸3-5份、氧化镁4-8份、碳酸钙1-3份、氧化钛1-2份、氧化钴0.5-0.8份。
其制备工艺包括如下步骤:
步骤一,按坯体的原料配方称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、湿法球磨,制得坯浆;
步骤二,将低温熔块的原料称重配料混合均匀,投入熔炼炉中,在1150-1180℃下熔炼成低温熔块,
步骤三,将釉料除低温熔块外的原料称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、混合均匀,与淬水后的低温熔块湿法球磨,制得釉浆;
步骤四,将步骤一制得的坯浆制成坯体;
步骤五,将坯体送入窑炉中,在980-1020℃下素烧7-9h,获得素坯;
步骤六,在素坯表面施步骤三制得的釉浆;
步骤七,待素坯表面的釉浆燥后放入窑炉中,在还原气氛中烧制成型,烧成温度为1130-1160℃。
具体的,步骤七中烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300±10℃,烧窑时间50-70min;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950±5℃,烧窑时间3.5-4.5小时;
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1145±15℃,烧窑时间3.8-4.2小时;
高火保温阶段:窑炉内温度控制在1145±15℃,烧窑时间1.8-2.2小时;
自然冷却阶段:窑炉内冷却至30-60℃,冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
步骤一中坯浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨18-20h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.2-1.5:0.8-1。
步骤三中釉浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨24-30h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.8-2:1-1.2。
步骤四中坯体的成型方法为手拉坯成型或碾压成型或注浆成型。
步骤六中,釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉或浸釉。
实施例1
一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷,包括坯体和釉料,釉料的厚度为0.3mm。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料:钾长石22份、埃洛石22份、德化石英35份、硅藻土15份、白云石10份、蛭石5份、赤铁矿5份、氮化硼4份、氧化镧3份、硅酸锆1份、氧化钇0.8份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料:石英岩30份、夕线石22份、海泡石12份、白云石15份、硼砂5份、石粉5份、低温熔块10份、氧化锆1份、氧化锌8份、氧化钇1份。
低温熔块包括以下重量份的原料:莫来石20份、硅灰石15份、菱铁矿5份、硼酸5份、氧化镁4份、碳酸钙3份、氧化钛1份、氧化钴0.8份。
其制备工艺包括如下步骤:
步骤一,按坯体的原料配方称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、湿法球磨,制得坯浆;
步骤二,将低温熔块的原料称重配料混合均匀,投入熔炼炉中,在1150℃下熔炼成低温熔块,
步骤三,将釉料除低温熔块外的原料称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、混合均匀,与淬水后的低温熔块湿法球磨,制得釉浆;
步骤四,将步骤一制得的坯浆制成坯体;
步骤五,将坯体送入窑炉中,在1020℃下素烧7h,获得素坯;
步骤六,在素坯表面施步骤三制得的釉浆;
步骤七,待素坯表面的釉浆燥后放入窑炉中,在还原气氛中烧制成型,烧成温度为1160℃。
具体的,步骤七中烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至310℃,烧窑时间50min;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至955℃,烧窑时间3.5小时;
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1160℃,烧窑时间3.8小时;
高火保温阶段:窑炉内温度控制在1160℃,烧窑时间1.8小时;
自然冷却阶段:窑炉内冷却至60℃,冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
步骤一中坯浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨18h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.2:0.8。
步骤三中釉浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨24h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.8:1.2。
步骤四中坯体的成型方法为手拉坯成型。
步骤六中,釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉。
实施例2
一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷,包括坯体和釉料,釉料的厚度为0.5mm。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料:钾长石25份、埃洛石18份、德化石英40份、硅藻土10份、白云石15份、蛭石8份、赤铁矿3份、氮化硼8份、氧化镧1份、硅酸锆2份、氧化钇0.5份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料:石英岩40份、夕线石18份、海泡石15份、白云石10份、硼砂8份、石粉3份、低温熔块12份、氧化锆3份、氧化锌4份、氧化钇2份。
低温熔块包括以下重量份的原料:莫来石25份、硅灰石10份、菱铁矿8份、硼酸3份、氧化镁8份、碳酸钙1份、氧化钛2份、氧化钴0.5份。
其制备工艺包括如下步骤:
步骤一,按坯体的原料配方称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、湿法球磨,制得坯浆;
步骤二,将低温熔块的原料称重配料混合均匀,投入熔炼炉中,在1180℃下熔炼成低温熔块,
步骤三,将釉料除低温熔块外的原料称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、混合均匀,与淬水后的低温熔块湿法球磨,制得釉浆;
步骤四,将步骤一制得的坯浆制成坯体;
步骤五,将坯体送入窑炉中,在980℃下素烧9h,获得素坯;
步骤六,在素坯表面施步骤三制得的釉浆;
步骤七,待素坯表面的釉浆燥后放入窑炉中,在还原气氛中烧制成型,烧成温度为1130℃。
具体的,步骤七中烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至290℃,烧窑时间70min;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至945℃,烧窑时间4.5小时;
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1130℃,烧窑时间4.2小时;
高火保温阶段:窑炉内温度控制在1130℃,烧窑时间2.2小时;
自然冷却阶段:窑炉内冷却至30℃,冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
步骤一中坯浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨20h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.5:1。
步骤三中釉浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨30h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:2:1。
步骤四中坯体的成型方法为碾压成型。
步骤六中,釉浆的施釉方式为浸釉。
实施例3
一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷,包括坯体和釉料,釉料的厚度为0.4mm。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料:钾长石24份、埃洛石20份、德化石英37份、硅藻土12份、白云石12份、蛭石6份、赤铁矿4份、氮化硼6份、氧化镧2份、硅酸锆1.5份、氧化钇0.6份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料:石英岩35份、夕线石20份、海泡石13份、白云石12份、硼砂6份、石粉4份、低温熔块11份、氧化锆2份、氧化锌6份、氧化钇1.5份。
低温熔块包括以下重量份的原料:莫来石22份、硅灰石13份、菱铁矿7份、硼酸4份、氧化镁6份、碳酸钙2份、氧化钛1.5份、氧化钴0.6份。
其制备工艺包括如下步骤:
步骤一,按坯体的原料配方称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、湿法球磨,制得坯浆;
步骤二,将低温熔块的原料称重配料混合均匀,投入熔炼炉中,在1165℃下熔炼成低温熔块,
步骤三,将釉料除低温熔块外的原料称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、混合均匀,与淬水后的低温熔块湿法球磨,制得釉浆;
步骤四,将步骤一制得的坯浆制成坯体;
步骤五,将坯体送入窑炉中,在1000℃下素烧8h,获得素坯;
步骤六,在素坯表面施步骤三制得的釉浆;
步骤七,待素坯表面的釉浆燥后放入窑炉中,在还原气氛中烧制成型,烧成温度为1145℃。
具体的,步骤七中烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300℃,烧窑时间60min;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950℃,烧窑时间4小时;
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1145℃,烧窑时间4小时;
高火保温阶段:窑炉内温度控制在1145℃,烧窑时间2小时;
自然冷却阶段:窑炉内冷却至45℃,冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
步骤一中坯浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨19h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.3:0.9。
步骤三中釉浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨27h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.9:1.1。
步骤四中坯体的成型方法为注浆成型。
步骤六中,釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉。
釉料中的海泡石、夕线石的热膨胀系数小,通过二者的配合可降低釉料的热膨胀系数,使釉料热膨胀系数小于坯体的热膨胀系数,石粉可以提高釉料的细腻度,增加釉面的美观,同时釉料中还包括有低温熔块,低温熔块通过煅烧制成,可有效降低釉料的烧成温度,低温熔块中的硅灰石的热膨胀系数小,可进一步降低釉料的热膨胀系数,使釉料热膨胀系数小于坯体的热膨胀系数,保证釉料烧制时,不会龟裂,保证工艺瓷的釉面的美观。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能以此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明申请专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述釉上彩工艺瓷包括坯体和釉料,
坯体包括以下重量份的原料:钾长石22-25份、埃洛石18-22份、德化石英35-40份、硅藻土10-15份、白云石10-15份、蛭石5-8份、赤铁矿3-5份、氮化硼4-8份、氧化镧1-3份、硅酸锆1-2份、氧化钇0.5-0.8份;
釉料包括以下重量份的原料:石英岩30-40份、夕线石18-22份、海泡石12-15份、白云石10-15份、硼砂5-8份、石粉3-5份、低温熔块10-12份、氧化锆1-3份、氧化锌4-8份、氧化钇1-2份;
其制备工艺包括如下步骤:
步骤一,按坯体的原料配方称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、湿法球磨,制得坯浆;
步骤二,将低温熔块的原料称重配料混合均匀,投入熔炼炉中,在1150-1180℃下熔炼成低温熔块,
步骤三,将釉料除低温熔块外的原料称重配料,分别破碎、过筛、混合均匀,与淬水后的低温熔块湿法球磨,制得釉浆;
步骤四,将步骤一制得的坯浆制成坯体;
步骤五,将坯体送入窑炉中,在980-1020℃下素烧7-9h,获得素坯;
步骤六,在素坯表面施步骤三制得的釉浆;
步骤七,待素坯表面的釉浆燥后放入窑炉中,在还原气氛中烧制成型,烧成温度为1130-1160℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述低温熔块包括以下重量份的原料:莫来石20-25份、硅灰石10-15份、菱铁矿5-8份、硼酸3-5份、氧化镁4-8份、碳酸钙1-3份、氧化钛1-2份、氧化钴0.5-0.8份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤七中烧成控制如下:
低温阶段:窑炉内由常温升至300±10℃,烧窑时间50-70min;
分解氧化阶段:窑炉内升温至950±5℃,烧窑时间3.5-4.5小时;
高温强还原阶段:窑炉内升温至1145±15℃,烧窑时间3.8-4.2小时;
高火保温阶段:窑炉内温度控制在1145±15℃,烧窑时间1.8-2.2小时;
自然冷却阶段:窑炉内冷却至30-60℃,冷却时间延长至8小时以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤一中坯浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨18-20h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.2-1.5:0.8-1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤三中釉浆湿法球磨时,原料在球磨机中湿法研磨24-30h,研磨介质为水,原料:球:水=1:1.8-2:1-1.2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤四中坯体的成型方法为手拉坯成型或碾压成型或注浆成型。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤六中,釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉或浸釉。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种釉面不龟裂的釉上彩工艺瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述釉料的厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
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