CN110590908A - 一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110590908A CN110590908A CN201910790422.6A CN201910790422A CN110590908A CN 110590908 A CN110590908 A CN 110590908A CN 201910790422 A CN201910790422 A CN 201910790422A CN 110590908 A CN110590908 A CN 110590908A
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- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂及其制备方法,属于生物学技术领域,抗菌肽的氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG,其制备方法包括,将小带鱼中加入Tris‑HCl缓冲液,磨碎,蒸煮;将小带鱼中加入中性蛋白酶进行酶解,灭酶;将酶解液加入截留分子量为3kDa的离心超滤管中,离心得到<3kDa部分粗品,然后采用离子交换层析分离、凝胶层析分离、反相高效液相色谱纯化,即得抗菌肽添加剂。本发明小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂抑菌活性强,可用于制备抗菌组合物,制得的抗菌组合物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有抗菌活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物学技术领域,具体涉及一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
带鱼(Hairtail),又名刀鱼、牙带鱼,是鱼纲鲈形目带鱼科动物,体长呈带形,是我国最重要的海产经济鱼类之一,近年来渔获量在110万吨左右,约占世界同种鱼类渔获量的70%-80%。带鱼的脂肪含量高于一般鱼类,还含有一种抗癌成分,肉质肥嫩且鲜美,深受各阶层人们喜爱。带鱼含有丰富的优质蛋白质,高达19%,而且易于消化吸收;带鱼脂肪高于一般鱼类,且多为不饱和脂肪酸;带鱼全身银白色油脂层中含有硫代鸟嘌呤,这是一种抗癌成分;带鱼含有丰富的微量元素,尤其钾、钙、磷、镁含量较高,所含镁元素对心血管有很好的保护作用;带鱼具有一定的药用价值。我国古今医学及水产药用书籍记载,带鱼有养肝、祛风、止血等功能,对治疗出血、疮、痈肿等疾有良效。带鱼鳞是制造解热息痛片和抗肿瘤的药物原料。鳞中含有多种不饱和脂肪酸,有显著的降低胆固醇作用。适宜久病体虚,虚头晕,气短乏力,食少赢瘦,营养不良之人食用。中医认为它能和中开胃、暖胃补虚,还有润泽肌肤、美容的功效。但是在带鱼总产量中,小带鱼的比例占20%以上,目前这些低值小带鱼主要加工成腌制品、糟制品、熏制品、腊干品及天然发酵制品等,有的制成鱼粉甚至直接扔掉。可见我国的低值带鱼产品加工大多停留在初级加工、粗放型加工的水平上,产品附加值低。因此,利用低值小带鱼为原料开发休闲膨化食品,将有助于提高产品品质和提升海产品经济价值。
抗菌肽(antibacterial peptides,ABP)是具有抗菌活性的肽类的总称,不但具有广谱的抗菌活性,而且还有抗癌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、促进伤口愈合等作用,具有较大的药用开发价值。从自然生物活体中提取的抗菌肽大多是由12-100个氨基酸残基构成,有典型的两亲结构,分子质量大约在4-10kDa之间。为将抗菌肽开发为新型的食品防腐剂,或抗菌、抗癌等药物,在近些年中,众多学者对抗菌肽进行了研究。天然产物蛋白经蛋白酶等水解后生成小肽和游离氨基酸,小肽或氨基酸与微量元素螯合形成的小分子络合物可通过小肠粘膜细胞直接被机体吸收。因此,利用带鱼下脚料蛋白制备有抗菌功效的添加剂,既可为带鱼等富含蛋白质的海洋低值鱼资源的深度开发和利用提供理论依据,也为实现带鱼资源的综合利用、提高其附加值开辟新的途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抑菌活性强的小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂。
本发明为实现上述目的所采取的技术方案为:
一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂,抗菌肽的氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG。
优选的,抗菌肽的分子量为1.49Da。
本发明本发明的又一目的在于,提供一种得到氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG的抗菌肽,且增大酶解反应速率和抗菌肽的得率的小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂的制备方法,包括,
步骤1:将小带鱼中加入Tris-HCl缓冲液,磨碎,蒸煮;在水产品加工过程中,原料在高温蒸煮过程中的受热程度会严重影响最终产品的质量,但是蒸煮的温度和时间不易控制,容易导致蛋白质变性不够充分或者变性过度,从而影响酶解效果。而该步骤可使小带鱼蛋白结构在较低的蒸煮温度下即发生改变,使得蛋白分子暴露出更多的酶切位点,有利于中性蛋白酶与蛋白的结合,从而得到氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG的抗菌肽,且该步骤的处理可以增大酶解反应速率和抗菌肽的得率;
步骤2:将步骤1得小带鱼中加入中性蛋白酶进行酶解,灭酶;
步骤3:将步骤2得酶解液加入截留分子量为3kDa的离心超滤管中,离心得到<3kDa部分粗品,然后采用离子交换层析分离、凝胶层析分离、反相高效液相色谱纯化,即得抗菌肽添加剂。
优选的,蒸煮条件为:温度为40-60℃,时间为15-30min。
优选的,小带鱼和缓冲液的固液比为1:1-2g/mL。
优选的,酶解最佳的条件为:酶底比为500-800U/g,酶解时间温度为40-50℃,酶解时间为4-6h。
本发明本发明的又一目的在于,提供一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂在制备抗菌组合物中的用途。该抗菌组合物具有光谱的杀菌效果。
优选的,抗菌组合物是选自由药物组合物、食品添加剂、饲料添加剂、防腐组合物以及非处方药组合物所组成的组中的任意一个。
优选的,抗菌组合物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有抗菌活性。革兰氏阴性菌选自由大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、绿脓假单胞菌(Psedomonas aeruginosa)、鲍氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)或鼠伤寒沙门杆菌(Salmonella typhimurium)所组成的组中的任意一个以上。革兰氏阳性菌是选自由枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)所组成的组中的任意一个以上。
优选的,抗菌组合物中含有0.1-20wt%抗菌肽添加剂。
优选的,抗菌组合物的有效用量是0.01-100mg/kg,优选0.1-10mg/kg,每天给药1-3次。
优选的,抗菌组合物中还含有维生素H和谷氨酸钠。抗菌肽在细胞膜疏水性环境中,往往形成了两亲性构象:亲水面和疏水面。亲水面中的正电荷促使抗菌肽与带负电的细菌膜相结合,疏水面与细胞膜磷脂双分子层相互作用,透化或破坏质膜完整性,达到杀菌或产生毒性的目的。所以,本发明抗菌肽虽然具有较好的杀菌效果,但是对哺乳动物细胞具有一定的毒性,这将会限度本发明抗菌肽添加剂的应用,而本发明抗菌组合物中维生素H和氯化镁与抗菌肽的合用不仅具有提高抗菌肽抑菌活性的作用,而且降低了对红细胞的溶血性,提高抗菌肽制剂的细胞选择性,对抗菌肽引起哺乳动物细胞毒性具有保护作用,提高抗菌肽制剂的开发潜力。这可能是因为谷氨酸钠结合了抗菌活性基团而提高了其活性,而维生素H适度破坏抗菌肽的两亲性,提高了抗菌肽的疏水性,从而提高抗菌肽从水相进入疏水相的内在能力,降低了毒性的产生,从而在提高抑菌活性的同时降低对哺乳动物细胞的毒性。
更优选的,抗菌组合物中维生素H、谷氨酸钠和抗菌肽的摩尔比为1:0.2-0.5:8-22。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:本发明抗菌肽的氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG,具有光谱的杀菌效果,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有抗菌活性;本发明制备方法能够得到氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG的抗菌肽,增大酶解反应速率和抗菌肽的得率;本发明抗菌肽添加剂可用于制备抗菌组合物,同时抗菌组合物中维生素H和谷氨酸钠的存在能够提高抗菌肽的细胞选择性,从而降低对哺乳动物细胞的毒性,且能提高抗菌肽的抑菌活性。
本发明采用了上述技术方案提供一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂及其制备方法,弥补了现有技术的不足,设计合理,操作方便。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例2中离子交换层析谱图;
图2是本发明实施例2中离子交换层析谱图中各洗脱峰组分的抑菌效果;
图3是本发明实施例2中凝胶层析谱图;
图4是本发明实施例2中凝胶层析图谱中各洗脱峰组分的抑菌效果;
图5是本发明实施例2中反相高效液相色谱图;
图6是本发明试验例1中各试验组的抑菌效果;
图7是本发明试验例2中各试验组的溶血活性;
图8是本发明试验例3中各试验组对细胞的毒性。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例来进一步阐明本发明。但是应该理解,所述实施例只是举例说明的目的,并不意欲限制本发明的范围和精神。
实施例1:
一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂的制备方法,包括,
步骤1:按固液比为1:1-2g/mL将小带鱼中加入pH为6.0-7.0的0.1M Tris-HCl缓冲液,用组织均质机磨碎,在温度为40-60℃的密闭容器中蒸煮15-30min;在水产品加工过程中,原料在高温蒸煮过程中的受热程度会严重影响最终产品的质量,但是蒸煮的温度和时间不易控制,容易导致蛋白质变性不够充分或者变性过度,从而影响酶解效果。而该步骤可使小带鱼蛋白结构在较低的蒸煮温度下即发生改变,使得蛋白分子暴露出更多的酶切位点,有利于中性蛋白酶与蛋白的结合,从而得到氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG的抗菌肽,且该步骤的处理可以增大酶解反应速率和抗菌肽的得率;
步骤2:将步骤1得小带鱼中加入中性蛋白酶酶底比为500-800U/g,在温度为40-50℃下进行酶解4-6h,然后灭酶,即得酶解液;
步骤3:将步骤2得酶解液加入截留分子量为3kDa的离心超滤管,在转速为3000-5000r/min下离心20-30min,得到<3kDa部分粗品,然后采用离子交换层析分离、凝胶层析分离、反相高效液相色谱纯化,即得抗菌肽添加剂。
实施例2:
一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂的制备方法,包括,
步骤1:按固液比为1:1.4g/mL将小带鱼中加入pH为6.5的0.1M Tris-HCl缓冲液,用组织均质机磨碎,在温度为50℃的密闭容器中蒸煮20min;
步骤2:将步骤1得小带鱼中加入中性蛋白酶酶底比为630U/g,在温度为43℃下进行酶解5h,然后灭酶,即得酶解液;
步骤3:将步骤2得酶解液加入截留分子量为3kDa的离心超滤管,在转速为4000r/min下离心20min,得到<3kDa部分粗品,浓缩、冷冻干燥;
步骤4:将步骤3得粗品冻干粗品用pH为8.0 0.02M HAc和NaAc缓冲液(含0.2M氯化钠)配制浓度为40mg/mL的溶液,通过0.22μm过滤器过滤,采用强酸型阳离子交换树脂(SPFF),选用柱管内径10mm,柱长20cm的玻璃柱,上样量为1mL,以0.02M HAc和NaAc缓冲液(含0.2M氯化钠)洗脱剂,洗脱流速为0.4mL/min,结果见图1所示,出现个3洗脱峰,分离效果较好,峰形均比较清晰,重复进样并收集各洗脱峰组分,经浓缩、冷冻干燥配成一定浓度的溶液,测定各组分峰的对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果,结果如图2所示,由图可知,组分II对对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最好,因此选择组分II进行进一步的分离纯化;
步骤5:将步骤4得组分II用pH为7.0 0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(含0.15M氯化钠)配制浓度为40mg/mL的溶液,通过0.22μm过滤器过滤,釆用sephadex G-75凝胶,选用柱管内径15mm,柱长50cm的层析柱,上样量为1mL,以pH为7.0 0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(含0.15M氯化钠)洗脱,流速1.2mL/min,凝胶层析图谱见图3所示,层析图中出现两个洗脱峰,重复进样并收集各洗脱峰组分,经浓缩、冷冻干燥,配成一定浓度的溶液,测定各组分峰的对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果,结果如图4所示,由图可知,组分II-1对对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最好,因此选择组分II-1进行进一步的分离纯化;
步骤6:将得到的组分II-1用蒸馏水配制成浓度为20mg/mL的溶液,通过0.22μm过滤器过滤,取滤液进反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)进行进一步的分离纯化,纯化条件为:色谱柱Cosmosil5C18-PAQ(10mm×250mm),梯度洗脱条件:0-45min,流动相由0.1%(v/v)TFA逐渐转变为80%乙腈(含有0.1%(v/v)TFA);洗脱速度:1mL/min,检测波长:215nm;结果如图5所示,得到纯度很高的一个峰,重复进样并收集洗脱峰组分,经浓缩、冷冻干燥,即得抗菌肽添加剂,用自动氨基酸测序仪测序,得到抗菌肽的氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG,分子量为1.49Da,计算机模拟的等电点pI=5.97。
上述抗菌肽的抑菌活性的测定方法为:取100μL洗脱峰组分至96孔酶标板中,再加入100μL无菌生理盐水,作为空白组;100μL酶解产物液加入96孔酶标板中,再加入100μL的用LB培养基稀释为1.0×105CFU/mL的菌悬液,作为试验组;在96孔酶板上加入100μL无菌生理盐水,再加入用LB培养基稀释为1.0×105CFU/mL的菌悬液100μL,作为对照组。分别将空白组、试验组、对照组置于37℃恒温培养箱中培养12h,用酶标法测定620nm下的吸收率。抑菌率按以下公式计算:抑菌率(%)=(对照组OD值-(试验组OD值-空白组OD值))/对照组OD值×100%。
试验例1:
将实施例2得抗菌肽添加剂配制成浓度为0.5mg/mL的样液,设为试验组1;按摩尔比为1:0.3:15将维生素H、谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽添加剂混合后配制成浓度为0.5mg/mL的样液,设为试验组2;按摩尔比为1:15将维生素H和实施例2得抗菌肽添加剂混合后配制成浓度为0.5mg/mL的样液,设为对照组1;按摩尔比为0.3:15将谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽添加剂混合后配制成浓度为0.5mg/mL的样液,设为对照组2;然后按照实施例2的测定方法测抗菌肽的抑菌活性。抑菌效果如图6,发现,试验组1对革兰氏阴性菌中的大肠杆菌、绿脓假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌或鼠伤寒沙门杆菌,革兰氏阳性菌中的枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌均具有较好的抑菌效果,这说明实施例2得抗菌肽添加剂革兰氏阴性菌中的大肠杆菌、绿脓假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌或鼠伤寒沙门杆菌,革兰氏阳性菌中的枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌均具有较好的抑菌效果;试验组2对革兰氏阴性菌中的大肠杆菌、绿脓假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌或鼠伤寒沙门杆菌,革兰氏阳性菌中的枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌效果优于试验组1、对照组1和对照组2,这说明维生素H和谷氨酸钠与抗菌肽的合用具有提高抗菌肽抑菌活性的作用。
试验例2:
溶血活性通常被认为是抗菌药物对高级真核生物细胞毒性的一个重要参数。溶血活性测定的具体操作步骤如下:
(1)收集健康的人血液1mL,使用肝素钠抗凝管保存;
(2)在1000g条件下离心5min,弃除上清,收集红细胞;
(3)将收集得到的红细胞用PBS冲洗3遍,然后再重悬红细胞;
(4)在96孔板中(8行×12列)的每行第1号孔内加入80μL PBS,其余孔中加入50μLPBS。
将20μL试验例1组储备液(实施例2抗菌肽制剂)(2.56mM)加入到第1号孔内,充分混匀,然后吸取50μL加入到第2号孔内,充分混匀,依次类推,直到第10号孔,混匀后吸取50μL,弃去;
将20μL试验例2组储备液(摩尔比为1:0.3:15将维生素H、谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽)(2.56mM)加入到第11号孔内,充分混匀,然后吸取50μL加入到第12号孔内,充分混匀,依次类推,直到第20号孔,混匀后吸取50μL,弃去;
将20μL对照组1组储备液(摩尔比为1:15将维生素H、谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽)(2.56mM)加入到第21号孔内,充分混匀,然后吸取50μL加入到第22号孔内,充分混匀,依次类推,直到第30号孔,混匀后吸取50μL,弃去;
将20μL对照组2组储备液(摩尔比为0.3:15谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽)(2.56mM)加入到第31号孔内,充分混匀,然后吸取50μL加入到第32号孔内,充分混匀,依次类推,直到第40号孔,混匀后吸取50μL,弃去;
(5)加50μL红细胞悬液到96孔板的第1至11号孔中,第12号孔加入50μL 0.2%TritonX-100,混匀。这样第41号孔作为阴性对照,而第42号孔为阳性对照;
(6)放入培养箱中37℃孵育1h,然后在1000g,4℃条件下离心5min;
(7)吸取上清,加入到新的96孔板中,用酶标仪测定OD570条件下的吸光值;
(8)溶血活性根据下面公式进行计算:
溶血(%)=(OD570测定值-OD570阴性对照)/(OD570阳性对照-OD570阴性对照)×100%,将引起5%溶血活性对应的肽的浓度定义为最小溶血浓度。
结果如图7所示,可以看出,与试验组1相比,试验组2降低了对红细胞的溶血性,提高抗菌肽制剂的细胞选择性。
试验例3:
抗菌肽对真核细胞的毒性采用MTT比色法测定。该方法常用于细胞存活率的测定,其测定原理为活细胞线粒体中的琥珀酸脱氢酶能使外源性MTT还原为蓝紫色的甲瓒(Formazan)并沉积在细胞内,而死细胞则不能使其还原。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)能溶解细胞中的甲瓒,其颜色的深浅可间接反映活细胞数量。颜色越深,则活细胞数越多。
(1)细胞悬浮液的准备:将冻存于液氮中的非洲绿猴肾细胞(Cos-7)复苏后,转移至25cm2培养瓶中,加入5mL DMEM培养基(含10%小牛血清),置于细胞培养箱中37℃培养。待细胞进入到快速生长期,铺满瓶底约70%时进行传代。用无菌PBS润洗细胞两遍,然后加2mL 0.25%胰蛋白酶对细胞进行消化。在消化期间时刻观察细胞形态的变化,当细胞之间间隙变大、细胞大部分变圆时,吸走消化液,加入5mL DMEM培养基(含10%小牛血清),轻轻吹打,混匀,使其形成单细胞悬液。调整细胞浓度,然后将50μL细胞悬液加入到96孔板中,使其终浓度约为2×104细胞/孔;
(2)药物处理:然后分别加入50μL用培养基倍比稀释的抗菌肽,37℃培养16-18h。第1至10号孔(实施例2抗菌肽制剂+细胞)为试验组1,第11至20号孔(摩尔比为1:0.3:15将维生素H、谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽+细胞)为试验组2,第21至30号孔(摩尔比为1:15将维生素H、谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽+细胞)为对照组1,第31至40号孔(摩尔比为0.3:15谷氨酸钠和实施例2得抗菌肽+细胞)为对照组2,第41号孔(细胞)为阳性对照,第42号孔(培养基)为阴性对照;
(3)结果评判:培养结束后,每孔中直接加入50μL MTT(5mg/mL),继续培养4h。然后再加入150μL DMSO,振荡10min以溶解晶体。用酶标仪测定OD492吸光度。
细胞存活率根据下面公式进行计算:细胞存活率(%)=OD492测定值/OD492阳性对照×100%。
结果如图8所示,可以看出,对照组2细胞存活率高于对试验组1、对照组1和对照组2,这说明抗菌肽制剂对Cos-7细胞有一定的细胞毒性,而维生素H和谷氨酸钠能够降低抗菌肽制剂对Cos-7细胞的毒性,进而表明维生素H和谷氨酸钠对抗菌肽引起哺乳动物细胞毒性具有保护作用。
上述实施例中的常规技术为本领域技术人员所知晓的现有技术,故在此不再详细赘述。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而并非对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型。因此,所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴,本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。
序列表
<110> 舟山市常青海洋食品有限公司
<120> 一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂及其制备方法
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 16
<212> PRT
<213> 小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)
<400> 1
His Glu Cys Glu Asp Cys Tyr Ser Gly Cys Arg Asn Ser Cys Gln His
1 5 10 15
Claims (10)
1.一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂,其特征在于:抗菌肽的氨基酸序列为FSCAECGCCYSCRG。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂,其特征在于:所述抗菌肽的分子量为1.49Da。
3.权利要求1或2所述的一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括,
步骤1:将小带鱼中加入Tris-HCl缓冲液,磨碎,蒸煮;
步骤2:将步骤1得小带鱼中加入中性蛋白酶进行酶解,灭酶;
步骤3:将步骤2得酶解液加入截留分子量为3kDa的离心超滤管中,离心得到<3kDa部分粗品,然后采用离子交换层析分离、凝胶层析分离、反相高效液相色谱纯化,即得抗菌肽添加剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述蒸煮条件为:温度为40-60℃,时间为15-30min。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述小带鱼和缓冲液的固液比为1:1-2g/mL。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酶解最佳的条件为:酶底比为500-800U/g,酶解时间温度为40-50℃,酶解时间为4-6h。
7.权利要求1或2所述的小带鱼源抗菌肽添加剂在制备抗菌组合物中的用途。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗菌肽添加剂的用途,其特征在于:所述抗菌组合物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有抗菌活性。
9.根据权利要求7所述的抗菌肽添加剂的用途,其特征在于:所述抗菌组合物中还含有维生素H和谷氨酸钠。
10.根据权利要求9所述的抗菌肽添加剂的用途,其特征在于:所述抗菌组合物中维生素H、谷氨酸钠和抗菌肽的摩尔比为1:0.2-0.5:8-22。
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