CN110566585A - 通过金属注射成型工艺的滚动轴承圈 - Google Patents

通过金属注射成型工艺的滚动轴承圈 Download PDF

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CN110566585A
CN110566585A CN201910479274.6A CN201910479274A CN110566585A CN 110566585 A CN110566585 A CN 110566585A CN 201910479274 A CN201910479274 A CN 201910479274A CN 110566585 A CN110566585 A CN 110566585A
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ring
rolling bearing
metal powder
rolling
steel alloy
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尼古拉斯·特朗基
萨穆埃尔·维奥特
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Skyfu Co
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Skyfu Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/70—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys with chromium as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F16C33/145—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in of sintered porous bearings

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及通过金属注射成型工艺的滚动轴承圈。滚动轴承(4，30)包括第一圈(8，31)、第二圈(12，32)和至少一列滚动元件(11，33)，第一圈(8，31)和第二圈(12，32)能够彼此相对转动，至少一列滚动元件(11，33)配置在所述圈(8，12；31，32)之间。圈(8，12；31，32)中的至少一者通过金属注射成型工艺制成，金属注射成型工艺包括如下步骤：将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂混合，通过将混合后的粉末注射到封闭模中来形成部，在炉中使该所形成的部解除粘合，进行烧结以使部致密，并且进行淬火以设定圈硬度，从而改善耐磨耗性和疲劳寿命。

Description

通过金属注射成型工艺的滚动轴承圈
技术领域
本发明涉及使用在具有转动部的任意应用中，例如是利用在机动车、热马达、电马达和扭矩传输装置中的滚动轴承。
背景技术
滚动轴承包括第一圈、第二圈和至少一列滚动元件，第一圈和第二圈能够彼此相对转动，至少一列滚动元件配置在所述圈之间。
圈可以具有固体型式(solid type)。固体型式应当理解为从金属管材、棒材、粗糙锻件和/或辊坯，通过机加工、研磨以提供圈最终形状和尺寸而获得的圈。然而，意在降低制造和材料成本。固体圈具有相对重的重量，并且在许多应用中，期望减轻滚动轴承重量。还期望使用在维持负载支撑功能的同时，成本较低且能够赋予圈复杂形状的制造工艺。该固体型圈例如可以装配深槽(/深沟)型式(的)球轴承和曲面(/圆环)(toroidal)型式、圆柱型式、球面型式、滚针滚子型式的滚子轴承。
可选地，圈可以是从金属坯片冲压或切下的。可以根据该制造工艺形成各种各样的圈形状，但是支撑较高负载的能力会受限。该圈可以装配用于例如离合器轴承单元、转向单元、悬架止推件(suspension thrusts)等的滚动轴承。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，通过提出具有用允许形状具有高复杂度的工艺制成的圈的滚动轴承，来克服这些缺陷。
为此，本发明涉及滚动轴承，其包括第一圈、第二圈和至少一列滚动元件，第一圈和第二圈能够彼此相对转动，至少一列滚动元件配置在所述圈之间。
根据本发明，圈中的至少一者通过金属注射成型工艺制成，金属注射成型工艺包括如下步骤：将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂(binder)混合，通过将混合后的粉末注射到封闭模中来形成部，在炉中使该所形成的部解除粘合(debinding)，进行烧结以使所述部致密，并且进行淬火以设定挺柱体硬度，从而改善耐磨耗性和疲劳寿命。
归功于本发明，为了使用在滚动轴承中，能够制造具有复杂形状的用于滚动轴承的圈。金属注射成型工艺防止了对额外的二次机加工的使用，并且还防止了浪费。在无额外的再次精加工工艺步骤的情况下，圈表面也是精细的。
圈密度可以在烧结步骤期间被限定成如所需要的那样高，并且圈密度适于使用在各种滚动轴承应用中。
根据本发明的有利但非强制的其它方案，该滚动轴承可以包含如下特征中的一个或数个：
-滚动元件是滚子或滚针。
-滚动元件是球。
-金属粉末是钢合金。
-金属粉末是包括铬、钼和高碳全硬化钢(chromium,molybdenum and highcarbon through hardening steel)的钢合金。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金100Cr6。
-金属粉末是包括镍、铬和钼硬化钢(nickel,chromium and molybdenumhardening steel)的钢合金。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金21NiCrMo2。
-金属粉末是包括镍、碳和钼硬化钢的钢合金。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金MIM-4620。
-挺柱体的弹性的限制在1000MPa和1500MPa之间，并且有利的是，大致等于1200MPa。
-挺柱体的极限抗张强度在1200MPa和1700MPa之间，并且有利的是，大致等于1500MPa。
-圈具有在250Hv和830Hv之间的表面粗糙度。有利的是，在位于后方的抵靠面，圈表面粗糙度优于650Hv。
-工艺还包括对圈表面的精加工操作。
附图说明
将根据不限制本发明的目的、作为例示出的示例的附图，解释本发明。在附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的第一实施方式的深槽球轴承(/深沟球轴承)(deep grooveball bearing)的截面图；以及
-图2是根据本发明的第二实施方式的离合器轴承(clutch bearing)的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1公开了转动轴承组件1。例如，组件1可以使用在机动车的内燃机中，或者可以使用在电马达中。
组件1包括：转动轴2，其具有长度方向转动轴线X2；静止壳体(/静止座)3，例如静止机体(stationary engine block)；以及滚动轴承4，其用于支持所述转动轴2相对于所述静止壳体3转动。
滚动轴承4具有深槽球轴承类型，并且具有长度方向转动轴线X4。轴线X4和X2同轴。
滚动轴承4包括具有内圆柱状孔(inner cylindrical bore)9的内圈8。根据一个实施方式，内圈8是转动的，孔9安装在转动轴2的外圆柱状面7。有利的是，内圈8压嵌在轴端上，但是内圈8可以通过任意其它适当的固定手段稳固地固定于所述轴端。内圈8与转动轴2在转动时是相对固定的。内圈8还包括外表面，外表面设置有形成用于多个滚动元件11的内滚道的凹部10。
滚动轴承4包括外圈12，外圈12具有安装在静止壳体3的圆柱状孔14中的外圆柱状面13。有利的是，外圈12压嵌在壳体3中，但是内圈12可以通过任意其它适当的固定手段稳固地固定于所述壳体3。外圈12是静止的。外圈12还包括内孔，内孔设置有形成用于多个滚动元件11的外滚道的凹部15。
可选地，内圈8可以是静止圈，外圈12可以是转动圈。
滚动元件11(在这里，为球)在径向上分别配置在内圈8的滚道10与外圈12的滚道15之间。
滚动元件11在周向上由保持架16维持。保持架16包括环状踵17，环状踵17被设计成在轴向上配置在滚动元件11的一侧，在径向上配置在内圈的外表面与外圈的内孔之间。保持架16还包括多个突出部18，突出部18从所述环状踵17沿轴向延伸。突出部18与踵17形成为一体，并且在突出部18之间，限定有收纳滚动元件11的兜孔(/腔格)19。突出部18在两个周向相邻的兜孔之间形成分离壁。
有利地，各突出部18均可以通过爪20在各自的自由端沿轴向延伸，以便使滚动元件11卡合在兜孔19中。可选地，突出部不包括这些爪，或者只有保持架的突出部中的有限数量的突出部包括爪。
在例示出的实施方式中，滚动轴承4还包括密封构件21，密封构件21设置在滚动轴承4的朝向轴端的一个轴向侧。根据可选的实施方式，滚动轴承4可以在两个轴向侧包括密封构件。
密封构件21包括增强插件(/增强骨架)(stiffening insert)22和密封垫片(sealing gasket)23。增强插件22是环状的，并且沿径向延伸。密封垫片23固定于所述增强插件22。有利的是，增强插件22由金属制成，密封垫片由聚合物材料制成。
密封垫片23在第一径向端包括环状的锚固部(anchorage portion)24。锚固部24嵌在设置于外圈12的内孔中的环状槽25内。环状槽25设置在用于滚动元件11的外滚道15的一个轴向侧。根据本发明，槽25位于指向轴端16的轴向侧。
密封垫片在径向上与所述锚固部24相反的第二径向端还包括环状的密封唇26。密封唇26与内圈8的外表面的如下部分滑动接触：该部分位于内滚道10的指向轴端16的轴向侧。在本实施方式中，密封唇26接触设置在内圈8的外表面的环状槽。作为另一种选择，密封唇26可以接触内圈8的外圆柱(状)面。
根据本发明，滚动轴承4的内圈8和外圈12均通过包括如下步骤的金属注射成型工艺制成。
将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂混合在一起。混合会使金属粉末颗粒被粘合剂包覆、使聚集物分开并允许获得金属粉末颗粒和粘合剂的均匀分布。可以以任意适当的混合构件，诸如单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机、柱塞挤出机、双行星混合机、双凸轮混合机等，执行混合。有利地，金属粉末是钢合金。根据第一实施方式，金属粉末是包括铬、钼和高碳(highcarbon)全硬化钢的钢合金。有利地，金属粉末是钢合金100Cr6。根据第二实施方式，金属粉末是包括镍、铬和钼硬化钢的钢合金。有利地，金属粉末是钢合金21NiCrMo2。根据另一实施方式，金属粉末是包括镍、碳和钼硬化钢的钢合金。有利地，金属粉末是钢合金MIM-4620。
通过将混合后的粉末注射到封闭模(closed die)中来形成圈部。逐渐将混合后的粉末填充到封闭模中，所述模限定出内圈8的中空形状。这同样适用于外圈12。混合后的粉末无任何空隙地填充整个腔室。金属粉末和粘合剂的混合物是均匀的，金属粉末和粘合剂均匀地分布在所述封闭模内。在对于混合后的粉末组合物而言适当的压力和温度条件下，填充混合后的粉末。此外，温度必须足以使热塑性粘合剂与金属粉末颗粒聚集。粘合剂能够将金属颗粒保持在一起，但是不能支持应力和在一些应用中可能施加于滚动轴承4的热梯度。
然后，通过在炉中使所形成的部解除粘合，来从圈材料化合物中去除热塑性粘合剂。代替使用溶剂萃取工艺(solvent extraction process)，在高的温度下解除粘合是优选的工艺。确实，通过溶剂萃取来解除粘合要求将圈浸在使热塑性粘合剂溶解的流体中，并且对于当前的最终应用以留下开孔结构(open-pore structure)而言，具有缺点。相比之下，在炉中解除粘合会从孔中萃取出热塑性粘合剂作为流体，热塑性粘合剂会在高温的作用下转换成液态和/或气态。
还在高温的作用下，金属颗粒会受热并彼此焊接，该解除粘合步骤与将圈烧结组合/被将圈烧结跟随。混合后的粉末在混合步骤和然后的注射步骤期间的均匀性(/均质性)(homogeneity)会得到圈材料的均匀(homogeneous)烧结结构，并且在对于滚动轴承应用而言可接受的密度下，具有可控的尺寸和性能。钢合金21NiCrMo2和MIM-4620的示例性实施方式允许达到期望的圈特性。
挺柱体(/挺杆体)(tappet body)的弹性的限制在1000MPa和1500MPa之间，有利的是，大致等于1200MPa。
挺柱体的极限抗张强度在1200MPa和1700MPa之间，有利的是，大致等于1500MPa。
然后，对圈进行淬火，以设定挺柱体硬度，从而改善耐磨耗性和疲劳寿命。
有利地，工艺还可以包括对圈表面(特别是对滚道10、15)的精加工操作。
圈具有在250Hv和830Hv之间的表面粗糙度。有利地，表面粗糙度可以优于(superior to)650Hv，以支撑高的负载。
已经基于用于能够例如使用在机动车的内燃机中或使用在电马达中的滚动轴承组件1的深槽滚动轴承4，例示了本发明。在不超出本发明的范围的情况下，提供具有多于一列滚动原件、具有其它类型的滚动原件和适于任意其它滚动应用的滚动轴承，也是可能的。
图2中例示了滚动轴承30的第二示例。滚动轴承30是使用在汽车应用的离合器轴承单元中的离合器推力轴承。所述滚动轴承30适于使用在具有转动移动的任意其它应用中。
滚动轴承30是环状的，并且以中央转动轴线X30为中心。球轴承30包括固定内圈31、可转动外圈32和位于限定在圈31、32之间的滚道腔室34中的一系列球33。球33在周向上等间隔并由保持架35保持，各所述球33均配置在沿周向设置于环状踵37的对应兜孔36中。在例示出的实施方式中，踵37在轴向上配置在固定内圈31的曲面部38的自由端与可转动外圈32的径向部39之间。与设置有滚子或滚针的其它类型的滚动轴承相比，在圈31、32之间设置有作为滚动元件的球33的离合器推力轴承30具有减小的摩擦扭矩。
可转动外圈32包括曲面部40，曲面部40具有形成用于球33的外滚道的内曲面。
有利的是，可转动外圈32还包括径向部39，径向部39从所述曲面部40的内侧沿径向向外延伸。所述径向部39具有轴向接触面41，用于使例如膜片等的联接构件(未示出)致动，以使车辆的离合器系统接合。
有利地，可转动外圈32的曲面部40设置有凸缘42。凸缘42具有：管状的外部，其覆盖曲面部40；以及向下径向突起，其将球33维持在滚动腔室34中。
固定内圈31包括：曲面部38，其具有形成用于球33的内滚道的外侧曲面；以及径向部43，其从所述曲面部38沿径向向外延伸。所述径向部43具有在轴向上抵靠可沿轴向移动构件(未示出)的轴向接触面44。球轴承4被设定成通过可沿轴向移动构件向固定内圈31的轴向接触面44的移动的传输而沿轴向移动，从而传输到离合器联接构件。
根据本发明，滚动轴承4的内圈31和外圈32均通过包括步骤的金属注射成型工艺制成。
以上参照附图详细地描述了本发明的代表性的非限制性示例。该详细描述仅旨在对本领域技术人员给出用于实施本教导的优选方案的进一步细节的教导，而不旨在限制本发明的范围。此外，以上公开的额外特征和教导均可以单独地使用，或者可以与其它特征和教导结合地使用，以提供改进的滚动轴承。
另外，为了提供本教导的额外有用的实施方式，上述代表性示例的各个特征以及上述各个独立权利要求和从属权利要求可以以不特定和明确穷举的方式组合。

Claims (6)

1.滚动轴承(4，30)，其包括第一圈(8，31)、第二圈(12，32)和至少一列滚动元件(11，33)，所述第一圈(8，31)和所述第二圈(12，32)能够彼此相对转动，所述至少一列滚动元件(11，33)配置在所述圈(8，12；31，32)之间，
其特征在于，所述圈(8，12；31，32)中的至少一者通过金属注射成型工艺制成，所述金属注射成型工艺包括如下步骤：将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂混合，通过将混合后的粉末注射到封闭模中来形成部，在炉中使该所形成的部解除粘合，进行烧结以使所述部致密，并且进行淬火以设定圈硬度，从而改善耐磨耗性和疲劳寿命。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，所述金属粉末是钢合金。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，所述金属粉末是包括铬、钼和高碳全硬化钢的钢合金。
4.根据权利要求2所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，所述金属粉末是包括镍、铬和钼硬化钢的钢合金。
5.根据权利要求2所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，所述金属粉末是包括镍、碳和钼硬化钢的钢合金。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承，其特征在于，所述圈表面粗糙度有利地优于650Hv。
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