CN101254538A - 动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法及该套筒 - Google Patents
动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法及该套筒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其可以使用金属注射成型法,以较少工时和良好精度不受尺寸限制地进行形状自由的三维形状动压面的成型加工。按顺序经过以下工序制造:成型体形成工序,其在具有动压轴承用套筒形状的空腔的模具内部,放入圆筒状树脂制型芯,其在圆筒外周具有用于复制形成动压槽的凸状部,通过对将金属粉末或陶瓷粉末和粘合剂混匀而制成的成型材料进行注射成型形成成型体;预备脱脂工序,其从成型体去除粘合剂的一部分成分;脱脂工序,其在预备脱脂工序后将成型体放入烧结炉中加热,使粘合剂的残余成分热分解,同时使树脂制型芯也热分解消失;以及烧结工序,其在脱脂工序后进行加热使成型体的金属粉末或陶瓷粉末烧结。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在支承旋转轴的轴承面上形成动压槽的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法、以及采用该制造方法制造出的动压型流体轴承用套筒。
背景技术
动压型流体轴承用套筒在内周面上形成产生动压用的动压槽,当插入到该套筒的轴旋转时,动压槽使轴和套筒之间的流体产生动压,相对于套筒在径向上对轴进行支撑。
作为在该套筒的内面形成动压槽的方法,已知下述方法:通过将粉末材料压缩成型,成型为圆筒状的压缩成型体,同时通过设有与动压槽相对应的凸状部的芯棒,以复制的方式在内周面上形成动压槽(专利文献1)。
此外,作为轴承面上的动压槽的成型方法,已知下述方法:在轴承材料的内周面插入轴状的加工工具,该加工工具以圆周等间隔排列保持比轴承材料更硬的多个球体,通过加工工具的旋转和进给,使钢球进行螺旋运动,同时在材料的内周面上对钢球进行加压,从而对动压槽的形成区域进行塑性加工(专利文献2)。
专利文献1:特开平10-306827号公报
专利文献2:专利第2541208号公报
发明内容
然而,专利文献1所述的方法存在以下的问题点。
也就是说,由于作为拔出具有与动压槽对应的凸状部的芯棒的方法,是利用材料的回弹,所以可以成型的槽的深度依赖于回弹量,只能适用于小到几十μm、Φ10mm以下程度的小径轴承,不适用于缝纫机等中使用的大径轴承。
此外,如果采用专利文献2记载的方法,则动压槽只是螺旋形状的组合,无法自由地实现理想的动压槽。而且,还存在以下问题,即,当挤压钢球而形成动压槽时,在槽的两侧会产生由泊松变形引起的凸起,因此需要用车床或绞床对其进行去除加工,另外,为了去除因二次加工产生的二次毛刺,还会增加工时。
本发明是鉴于上述问题点而提出的,其目的是提供一种动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法以及动压型流体轴承用套筒,其不受尺寸的限制,可以以较少的工时和良好的精度,进行形状自由的三维形状的动压面的成型加工。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其特征在于,按顺序经过以下工序:成型体形成工序,其在具有动压轴承套筒形状的空腔的模具内部,放入圆筒状的树脂制型芯,该型芯在圆筒外周具有用于复制形成动压槽的凸状部,通过对将金属粉末或陶瓷粉末与粘合剂混匀而制成的成型材料进行注射成型,形成成型体;脱脂工序,其在从前述成型体中去除粘合剂的一部分成分之后,将前述成型体放入烧结炉中加热,使粘合剂的残余成分热分解,同时使前述树脂制型芯也热分解并消失;以及烧结工序,其在脱脂工序之后进行加热,使前述成型体的金属粉末或陶瓷粉末烧结。
通过按顺序经过该工序,可以不受尺寸的限制,形成在内表面具有形状自由的三维形状的动压槽的轴承用套筒。另外,为了确保尺寸精度,还可以进行精压加工等二次加工。
本发明的特征在于,前述脱脂工序通过预备脱脂工序和主脱脂工序来进行,上述预备脱脂工序从前述成型体中去除粘合剂的石蜡成分,前述主脱脂工序去除粘合剂的聚合物成分,在前述主脱脂工序中,过度加热至大于或等于聚合物成分的热分解温度而使型芯分解消失。
另外,本发明的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其特征在于,作为前述树脂制型芯,使用中空地形成的聚合物型芯。
这样,通过使用中空的聚合物的型芯,可以高效地进行惰性气体相对于型芯的对流,容易进行烧结前的热分解。
本发明的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,具体地讲,可以使用前述金属粉末或陶瓷粉末,分别通过金属注射成型法或陶瓷注射成型法,形成前述成型体。
发明的效果
这样,根据本发明的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,可以自由地设计三维的动压槽的形状和尺寸等,以简单且较少的工序,在轴承用套筒的内径上,高精度地形成具有动压作用的复杂槽形或尺寸。
此外,本发明的动压型流体轴承用套筒,其特征在于,采用前述技术方案1~3所述的任一项的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法制成。
根据本发明的动压型流体轴承用套筒,即使具有以自由设计的复杂槽形状形成的动压槽,轴承面的成型精度仍然很高,因此确保轴与动压型流体轴承用套筒之间的适宜的润滑油(润滑脂)的循环,并且具有良好稳定的轴承性能和很高的耐久性。
附图说明
图1是由本发明的制造方法制造的人字形动压轴承用套筒的剖面图(A)及侧视图(B)。
图2是本发明的制造工序的流程图。
图3是型芯的正视图(A)以及侧视图(B)。
图4是表示插入型芯进行金属注射成型的模具内部的概略说明图。
图5是包含金属注射成型的型芯在内的成型体的正视图(A)以及侧视图(B)。
图6是根据本发明的制造方法制造的三圆弧动压轴承用套筒的剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1表示由本发明的制造方法制造的动压型流体轴承用套筒1(以下简称“轴承用套筒1”)的一个实施例。图1(A)表示(B)的侧视图中的A-A剖面。
在该轴承用套筒1的内径上,凹刻形成人字形的动压槽2,该形状通过现有工艺的模具成型不可能实现或很难实现,由相对于轴向倾斜的线组合构成。此外,前述动压槽2的作用为,通过插入轴承用套筒1中的轴进行旋转,存在于轴承用套筒1和轴之间的润滑油(润滑脂)沿着槽形状集中到尖端部,使轴承用套筒1和轴成为非接触状态而使摩擦力降低。
下面按照图2的流程图对于本发明的动压型流体轴承用套筒1的制造方法进行说明。
首先,如图3所示,通过塑料注射成型而将型芯4成型,该型芯4在圆筒外周上形成用于复制形成人字形动压槽2的凸状部(S1)。作为形成型芯4的树脂,可以使用聚缩醛(POM)等热可塑化树脂成型材料,或以酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯树脂等为基础的热硬化性树脂成型材料。本实施方式中,为了容易进行后述的步骤S15的烧结前的热分解,使型芯4成为形成在轴向上贯穿的空洞部5的中空构造。
另一方面,为了对轴承用套筒1进行金属注射成型(MIM:MetalInjection Molding),将钢材粉末等金属细粉末、和由作为高分子化合物(聚合体)的塑料的颗粒和石蜡成分构成的粘合剂加热并混匀(S11),进而,使用造粒机进行造粒而准备金属注射成型用的原材料(S12)。
然后,将芯棒6插入前述型芯4的空洞部5中后,如图4所示,插入具有轴承用套筒1形状的空腔7的金属注射成型用模具8的内部,将使金属粉末和粘合剂混匀而成的材料M,以150℃~180℃的温度从喷嘴9注入空腔7内,进行注射成型(S13:成型体成型工序)。然后,在瞬时冷却后取出,拔出芯棒6,根据需要进行注射口切断部和毛刺的去除,如图5所示,形成通称为胚料(green)的金属成型体10。
然后,对于金属成型体10,利用加热脱脂或正己烷等的溶剂脱脂,仅去除粘合剂的一个成分即石蜡成分,进行保持定形性程度的预备脱脂,获得通称为褐色体(brown)的脱脂体(S14A:预备脱脂工序)。加热脱脂时的预备脱脂工序,使其大于或等于石蜡成分的热分解温度且小于聚合物的热分解温度。
然后,将该脱脂体放入未图示的烧结炉内,一边使氮气或氩气等惰性气体或氢气等还原性气体流入,一边过度加热至大于或等于聚合物的热分解温度的温度(例如650℃),使粘合剂的残留成分即聚合物热分解,同时使树脂制(聚合物)型芯4也热分解,完全气化而通过真空泵向烧结炉外排出(S14B:主脱脂工序)。由该主脱脂工序和前述预备脱脂工序构成脱脂工序(S14)。
然后,将金属粉末成分加热至进行烧结的温度而进行烧结,获得通称为银色体(silver)的烧结体(S15:烧结工序)。
然后,根据需要,通过表面处理或进一步的热处理等进行细部的精压加工,形成所希望形状的高密度的动压轴承用套筒1(S16)。
例如,在作为前述金属粉末,采用SCM材料(铬钼钢)、SNCM材料(镍铬钼钢)、SUS材料(不锈钢)等铁类金属粉末的情况下,从900℃开始金属粉末之间产生收缩而开始结合,温度上升至1000℃~1400℃而使其烧结,形成密度80~100%的轴承用套筒1。作为前述金属粉末,也可以取代铜类合金或金属粉末而使用陶瓷粉末,该情况下,同样也可以形成高密度的动压型流体轴承用套筒1。
并且,如本实施例所示,通过使用在轴承用套筒1烧结前消失的型芯4,不必考虑从作为烧结体的轴承用套筒1中拔出型芯4,就可以自由地设计三维的动压槽2的形状和尺寸,简单地在轴承用套筒1的内径上形成复杂槽形状或尺寸的动压槽2。
此外,前述实施方式中对于具有人字形状的动压槽2的轴承用套筒1的制造方法进行说明,但动压槽2不限于人字形状,根据本实施方式的制造方法,例如还能够简单而尺寸精度很高地制造三圆弧动压轴承用套筒1A,该三圆弧动压轴承用套筒1A是在轴承用套筒1的同一内周圆上的三个位置,形成用于储存由供油孔供给的油脂的楔部(参照图6:标号13为轴)。
此外,通过使用在烧结的同时或烧结前消失的型芯4,可以使尺寸精度极高地进行制造,可以避免如现有例这样,由于进行二次加工而产生二次毛刺的去除需要耗费工时等的问题,后续处理变得简单,与其他现有的工艺相比,可以通过很少的工序形成,可以降低制造成本。
此外,如本实施例所示形成的轴承用套筒1,由于轴承面的成型精度高,确保轴与轴承用套筒1之间适宜的润滑油(润滑脂)的循环,具有良好且稳定的轴承性能以及很高的耐久性。
此外,本发明不限定于前述的实施方式,可以根据需要进行各种改变。
工业实用性
本发明的动压流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,作为可以用于例如工业用缝纫机等比较大型的机械的轴承的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法非常有效,作为制造结果物的动压流体轴承用套筒,成为可以比现有的金属轴承更高速化以及低音化的产品。
Claims (6)
1.一种动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其特征在于,按顺序经过以下工序:
成型体形成工序,其在具有动压轴承套筒形状的空腔的模具内部,放入圆筒状的树脂制型芯,该型芯在圆筒外周具有用于在套筒上复制形成动压槽的凸状部,通过对将金属粉末或陶瓷粉末与粘合剂混匀而制成的成型材料进行注射成型,形成成型体;
脱脂工序,其在从前述成型体中去除粘合剂的一部分成分之后,将前述成型体放入烧结炉中加热,使粘合剂的残余成分热分解,同时使前述树脂制型芯也热分解并消失;以及
烧结工序,其在脱脂工序之后进行加热,使前述成型体的金属粉末或陶瓷粉末烧结。
2.如权利要求1所述的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其特征在于,
前述脱脂工序通过预备脱脂工序和主脱脂工序来进行,
上述预备脱脂工序从前述成型体中去除粘合剂的石蜡成分,
前述主脱脂工序去除粘合剂的聚合物成分,
在前述主脱脂工序中,过度加热至大于或等于聚合物成分的热分解温度而使型芯分解消失。
3.如权利要求2所述的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其特征在于,
作为前述树脂制型芯,使用中空地形成的聚合物型芯。
4.如权利要求2所述的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其特征在于,
通过加热脱脂进行前述预备脱脂工序。
5.如权利要求2所述的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法,其特征在于,
通过溶剂脱脂进行前述预备脱脂工序。
6.一种动压型流体轴承用套筒,其特征在于,
采用前述权利要求1~5任一项所述的动压型流体轴承用套筒的制造方法制造而成。
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CN108436091A (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-24 | 赣州有色冶金研究所 | 一种钨坩埚的制备方法 |
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CN110566585A (zh) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | 斯凯孚公司 | 通过金属注射成型工艺的滚动轴承圈 |
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