1308944 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及軸承製造方法’特別涉及一種動壓轴承製 造方法。 【先前技術】 目前，轴承廣泛應用於各種設備中，尤其係動壓軸承 在電子裝置中使用得更加普遍，如硬碟驅動器（HDD)、光碟 驅動器（CD-R〇M)、數位化視頻光碟機（DVD)、微型光碟機 (MiniDisc)、磁光碟機（M〇)及散熱風扇等領域，該等裝置中 馬達軸承尺寸小，對軸承之回轉精度及壽命要求高。 動壓軸承係在轉轴與轴承之間之微小間隙内形成一層 流體（可為氣體或液體）潤滑油膜，潤滑流體藉由流經不同^ 面積之剪力作用而產生—動壓效果，使得該動壓轴承以高 剛性對轉軸進行支承及潤滑，從而轉軸與軸承不直接 觸，可減少磨損、降低噪音。 木用之-種動壓轴承如圖i所示，在製造該動壓 袖承時’―般係先製 之轴承，再利用化學蝕刻或電 0工或機械加工或轉印等方法，在中空轴承内壁表 出所需之動壓溝槽。然而由於軸承之微型化趨勢使 :=相對地縮小，同時其動壓溝槽之紋路更加細 常地困難，小，因此在形成此動壓溝槽時非 難以^问產扣之量產.性及穩定性。 1308944 - 大陸專利公告CN1746521A號揭示了一種耳垂式動壓 ..軸承，該動壓軸承之動壓溝槽軸向相通，當軸旋轉時，潤 .^油傾向流向該軸之端部而導致潤滑油不易保存且徑向動 壓效果減弱，從而難以發揮動壓軸承之功效；另有大陸專 】a σ CN1721717A號揭示了 一種組合式動壓軸承裝置及 八製造方法，而該製造方法中各軸承塊係分開製造成型， 易以成各軸承塊在組合時之組配公差及同心度問題，同時 •各軸承塊之密接部分將有潤滑油浅漏問題，最後都將導致 轴承動壓效果不均。 【發明内容】 有鑒於此，有必要提供一種具有高量產性及穩定性且 動壓效果好之動壓轴承製造方法。 種動壓軸承製造方法’包括如下步驟：提供一填充 體，該填充體表面突出設有複數凸起；將該填充體置於一 籲中空軸承模具之中心位置，並以注塑成型方式充填轴承模 具中空腔體以形成動屋軸承胚體；藉由脫脂方式將填充體 從動壓軸承胚體中移除；燒結該動壓軸承胚體。 本發明之動壓軸承利用填充體，藉由注塑成型製程一 體成型該動壓軸承之胚體和動壓溝槽，有利於提高產品之 量產性及穩定性，且可使該動壓抽承之動壓溝槽轴向相互 間隔，不易漏油，動壓效果好。 【實施方式】 1308944 請參閱圖2至圖5，本發明一實施例之動壓軸承3〇内孔 表面分佈有複數“人，，字形動壓溝槽34,該等動壓溝槽34 用以產生動壓效果。該動壓轴承3〇之製造方法包括以下步 驟：首先，提供一填充體10 ’該填充體10表面突出設有複 數凸起14 ;其次，將該填充體1〇置於一中空軸承模具（圖未 示）之中心位置，並以注塑成型方式將金屬粉體或陶瓷粉體 材料充填入該軸承模具之中空腔體，以形成該動壓軸承胚 體20，接者’藉由脫脂方式將該填充體1〇從該動壓軸承胚 體20中移除，從而該動壓軸承胚體2〇之内壁表面便形成了 動堅溝槽3 4之紋路，然後，咼溫燒結該動壓軸承胚體2〇， 最後，以機械加工方式修整該動壓轴承胚體2〇之内徑尺寸 以得到所需要之動壓軸承3〇。 在》亥填充體10之結構設計、選材和製程過程中：該填 充體10之結構形狀需根據該動壓軸承30内壁表面之動壓溝 槽34之形狀來設計，即該填充體1〇之|面結構形狀和該動 β、承％之内壁及動壓溝槽34能夠對應互補。如圖3及圖5 斤以該動壓軸承3〇上“人，，字形動壓溝槽34為例設計 八真充體1〇，該填充體1〇包括一圓柱形本體和複數間隔 刀佈在遠本體12圓周表面上之“人，，字形凸起14,該本體 U之外表面可與該動壓軸承3〇之内表面對應，該凸起w用 =型該動壓軸承3Q之動壓溝槽34。該填充㈣可以採用 溶模鑄造或機加工等多種方式成型。在選擇該填充 卜，、„材料時，除了需要考慮到成型工藝、成本及量產性 還要考慮到後續製程工藝對該填充體10材料性能之要 1308944 求，比如後續製程中注塑成型該軸承胚體2〇時，該填充體 .10之材料熔點應比注塑材料之溶點高，否則將會導致該填 .充體10熔化，無法得到所需動壓軸承3〇之形狀和尺寸；同 時，後續製程之脫脂過程要求該填充體10之材料易於脫 脂，且不會導致該動壓轴承胚體20產生變形、彎曲或破裂 等缺陷。比如選用高熔點之石壞作為該填充體10之主要材 料’同時混合有分散劑、介面活性劑及辅助劑等，此時填 充體10宜採用注塑成型方法製造。注塑成型使用之主要設 備係柱塞式或螺桿式往復注射機，該注塑成型過程大致可 分為：炼解—注射—冷卻等三個階段，其具體過程係·塑 化=之㈣靠柱塞或螺桿之推力注入閉合之模腔内，經冷 I:::型、’開模得到所需之製品。應根據填充體扨之表 考^到Γ十注射模具（圖未示），對該注射模具之設計應著重 =:收縮率之補償及洗口之流暢；該注射模具主要 出=塑成=溶體和分配溶體、成型製品、保慶冷卻、頂 模且内ιΓ ϋ模和注射壓力、傳遞機械運動和引導 模具内各部件之運動。 在該動墨轴承胚體20之成型 承胚體20之卜杨中.用於成型動壓轴 尺寸並姓人具結構’需根據該動麗轴承观構 上、、、口合該填充體1〇之处盖 體10之材料，可選用^§十，針對不同填充 軸承胚體2〇之私触 5之注塑成型方式充填成型該動壓 料時，可採用料’當填充體1〇為高熔點之石犧系材 之石犧作為勒丄方式’具體過程為：首先將低炼點 ° Μ與金屬或陶聽末混合，然後加熱使該 1308944 -;τ=結㈣化’接著採用播壓方式將該混合物擠入 該中空軸承腔體以成型所雲 σ .料Ai…… 胚體20。當填充體10之材 點高分子材料時，可選用粉末射出成型 方式’具體過程為：首先將全厲 機黏結劑於高溫下混合，使、末與高分子或有 Φ ^^^ ^ 丄射出成型機加熱、加壓射入 需轴承胚體2〇。該粉末射出成型方 |所末射出成型和陶聽末射*成型，應根據 =承胚㈣之材㈣用合適方式，同時應保證作為填 材料之炫點相比於採用成型該軸承胚體20 =材料溫度高’以確保填充㈣與該射出材料接觸時不 曰溶化，而該粉末射出成型過程所用設備可採用所述注塑 ，型過程中相同之注射機’當軸承胚體20採用粉末射出方 式成型時’應對螺桿式注射機之螺桿進行熱處理，使盆呈 有局耐磨性。射出成形之製品具有很高之形狀自由度，能 夠，大限度得到接近最終形狀之零件，且有效減少後續加 工置’且射出成型相對於其他成型方式更有利於製造高熔 點、高強度、複雜形狀之零件，易實現自動化、大批量生 產。 在脫脂過程中：可供選擇之脫脂方法有多種，比如溶 劑脫脂或熱脫脂，當填充體10主要由高熔點之石蠟系材= 組成時，而用以成型軸承胚體20之射出材料中包含有低熔 點之石堪，此時宜採用熱脫脂方法，比如加麼熱脫脂、''真 空熱脫脂、微波熱脫脂或速率控製熱脫脂等方法；=當填 1308944 ，充㈣之主㈣由高分子㈣材料組成時’可先用溶劑脫 脂之方法脫除部分黏結劑，然:後採用熱脫脂方法，铁而， 在熱脫脂工藝中，由於填充體1〇之熱膨服係數與動壓抽承 胚體20之熱膨脹係數不同，容易導致該轴承胚體加破裂。 在脫脂過程後，由於部分黏結劑被去除，所得到之動 壓轴承胚體20往往比較疏鬆，需要對該動壓轴承庇體加進 行燒結使錢得更㈣化，則㈣高錢、高強度之製口。 同之軸承胚體20材料’可選擇在真空、氧氣或氮氣 專風圍下進行高溫燒結。 燒結後，該動壓軸承胚體2〇將會發生收縮變形，可採 用機械加工方式對該胚體2〇進行尺寸修整。常用機加工方 式有多種，比如拉刀修整，鑽頭修整，研磨，數控等等， 也可使用化學飯刻或電解放電方式，但其成本 不推薦使用。 般 綜上所述，本發明之動壓軸承3〇之製造方法利 體10’藉由注塑成型製程一體成型該動壓軸 座 =，有利於提高產品之量產性及穩定性，且可使該= =30之動壓溝槽34軸向相互間隔，不易漏油，動壓效果 綜上所述’本發明符合發明專利要件，爰依法提 =奢。惟，以上該者僅為本發明之較佳實施例，舉凡孰 、、本案技藝之人士，在爰依本發明精神所作之等效 :、 變化，皆應涵蓋於以下之申請專利範圍内。 > 或 1308944 【圖式簡單說明】 -圖1係習知技術中一動壓軸承剖視圖。 圖2係本發明動壓軸承製造方法之流程圖。 圖3係本發明填充體之立體圖。 圖4係本發明動壓軸承胚體和填充體之組合圖。 圖5係本發明動壓軸承一剖視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 填充體 10 本體12 12 凸起 14 轴承胚體 20 動壓轴承 30 動壓溝槽 341308944 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a bearing, and particularly to a method of manufacturing a dynamic pressure bearing. [Prior Art] At present, bearings are widely used in various equipments, especially dynamic pressure bearings are more commonly used in electronic devices, such as hard disk drives (HDD), compact disc drives (CD-R〇M), digital video discs. In the fields of (DVD), MiniDisc, magneto-optical disc drive (M〇) and cooling fan, the size of the motor bearing in these devices is small, and the requirements for the rotation accuracy and life of the bearing are high. The dynamic pressure bearing forms a fluid (which may be a gas or a liquid) lubricating oil film in a small gap between the rotating shaft and the bearing, and the lubricating fluid is generated by the shearing force flowing through different areas, and the dynamic pressure effect is made. The dynamic pressure bearing supports and lubricates the rotating shaft with high rigidity, so that the rotating shaft and the bearing are not in direct contact, which can reduce wear and reduce noise. For the use of wood-type dynamic pressure bearing, as shown in Figure i, in the manufacture of the dynamic pressure sleeve bearing, the "preventional system of the first bearing, and then using chemical etching or electrical or mechanical processing or transfer, etc., in the hollow The inner wall of the bearing shows the required dynamic pressure groove. However, due to the miniaturization trend of the bearing, the == is relatively reduced, and the grain of the dynamic pressure groove is more difficult and small. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the mass production of the production buckle when forming the dynamic pressure groove. And stability. 1308944 - Continental Patent Publication No. CN1746521A discloses an earlobe type dynamic pressure: a bearing, the dynamic pressure groove of the dynamic pressure bearing is axially connected, and when the shaft rotates, the oil tends to flow toward the end of the shaft to cause lubrication The oil is not easy to store and the radial dynamic pressure effect is weakened, so that it is difficult to exert the effect of the dynamic pressure bearing; and the Continental Special Edition a σ CN1721717A discloses a combined dynamic pressure bearing device and eight manufacturing methods, and the bearing in the manufacturing method The block is separately manufactured and formed, which is easy to be the tolerance and concentricity of each bearing block when combined. At the same time, the close contact part of each bearing block will have a problem of shallow leakage of lubricating oil, and finally it will lead to uneven dynamic pressure of the bearing. . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method of manufacturing a dynamic pressure bearing having high mass productivity and stability and good dynamic pressure effect. The method for manufacturing a dynamic pressure bearing includes the following steps: providing a filling body having a plurality of protrusions protruding from the surface of the filling body; placing the filling body at a center position of the hollow bearing mold, and filling the bearing mold by injection molding The hollow cavity body forms a moving body bearing body; the filler body is removed from the dynamic pressure bearing body by degreasing; and the dynamic pressure bearing body is sintered. The dynamic pressure bearing of the present invention utilizes a filler body to integrally form the body body and the dynamic pressure groove of the dynamic pressure bearing by an injection molding process, thereby facilitating the mass production and stability of the product, and the dynamic pressure pumping can be performed. The dynamic pressure grooves are axially spaced apart from each other, and are not easy to leak oil, and the dynamic pressure effect is good. [Embodiment] 1308944 Referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the inner bore of the dynamic pressure bearing 3 is distributed with a plurality of "human, zigzag dynamic pressure grooves 34, which are used for the dynamic pressure grooves 34. The dynamic pressure bearing 3〇 manufacturing method comprises the following steps: firstly, a filling body 10′ is provided, and the surface of the filling body 10 is protruded with a plurality of protrusions 14; secondly, the filling body 1 is placed in a a central position of a hollow bearing mold (not shown), and filling a metal powder or ceramic powder material into the hollow body of the bearing mold by injection molding to form the dynamic pressure bearing body 20, which is borrowed The filling body 1〇 is removed from the dynamic pressure bearing blank body 20 by degreasing, so that the inner wall surface of the dynamic pressure bearing blank body 2 forms a texture of the dynamic groove 34, and then sintered at a temperature. The dynamic pressure bearing body 2〇, finally, the inner diameter of the dynamic bearing body 2〇 is mechanically trimmed to obtain the required dynamic pressure bearing 3〇. The structural design and material selection of the Hai filler body 10 And the process: the structural shape of the filler body 10 According to the shape of the dynamic pressure groove 34 of the inner wall surface of the dynamic pressure bearing 30, the shape of the surface of the filling body 1 and the inner wall of the movable β and the bearing core and the dynamic pressure groove 34 can be complementarily complementary. 3 and FIG. 5, the occupant 1 设计 “ “ 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人 人a "human," shaped projection 14 on the circumferential surface of the distal body 12, the outer surface of the body U corresponding to the inner surface of the dynamic pressure bearing 3〇, the convex w with the dynamic pressure of the dynamic pressure bearing 3Q The groove 34. The filling (4) can be formed by various methods such as die casting or machining. When selecting the filling material, the material, in addition to the molding process, cost and mass production, the subsequent process technology is also considered. The material property of the filler body 10 is required to be 1308944. For example, when the bearing body of the bearing body is injection molded in a subsequent process, the melting point of the material of the filler body 10 is higher than that of the injection molding material, otherwise the filling will be caused. The filling body 10 is melted, and the shape of the required dynamic pressure bearing 3〇 cannot be obtained and Inch; the same time, the subsequent debinding process of claim 10 of the filling material easily degreasing, and does not cause the hydrodynamic bearing preform 20 is deformed, defects such as cracking or bending. For example, a high melting point stone is selected as the main material of the filler body 10 while a dispersing agent, an interface active agent, an auxiliary agent and the like are mixed, and the filling body 10 is preferably produced by an injection molding method. The main equipment used in injection molding is a plunger type or screw type reciprocating injection machine. The injection molding process can be roughly divided into three stages: refining, injection, and cooling. The specific process is plasticizing = (4) by plunger Or the thrust of the screw is injected into the closed cavity, and the desired product is obtained by cold I::: type. According to the table of the filling body, the injection mold (not shown) should be applied to the injection mold. The design of the injection mold should focus on the compensation of the shrinkage rate and the smoothness of the washing; the injection mold mainly produces = plastic = dissolved Body and distribution solutions, shaped articles, decorative cooling, top mold and internal ϋ ϋ mold and injection pressure, transfer of mechanical motion and guidance of movement of various components within the mold. In the shape of the movable bearing body 20 of the moving ink bearing body 20, it is used for forming the dynamic pressure shaft size and the surname structure is required to be viewed according to the moving bearing, and the filling body 1 is sealed. In the case of the cover body 10, the material of the cover body 10 can be optionally used for filling and molding the dynamic pressure material for the injection molding of the different contact bearing body 2, and the material can be used when the filler body 1 is high. The stone of the melting point is the stone sacrifice of the material. The specific process is as follows: firstly, the low melting point ° Μ is mixed with the metal or the terracotta, and then the heating is used to make the 1308944 -; τ = knot (four)" followed by the weaving The mixture is extruded into the hollow bearing cavity to form a cloud body. When the material of the filling body 10 is made of a polymer material, a powder injection molding method may be selected. The specific process is as follows: firstly, the full machine binder is mixed at a high temperature, and the final polymer and the polymer or Φ ^^^ ^ 丄 are injected. The molding machine is heated and pressurized to enter the bearing body 2〇. The powder injection molding method | the final injection molding and the ceramic end shot * molding, should be in accordance with the = embryo (4) material (four) in a suitable manner, while ensuring as a material to fill the bright point compared to the use of the bearing body 20 = material temperature is high 'to ensure that the filling (4) does not melt when contacted with the injection material, and the equipment used for the powder injection molding process can adopt the injection molding, the same injection machine in the type process' when the bearing blank body 20 adopts the powder injection method When molding, the screw of the screw injection machine should be heat-treated to make the basin wear-resistant. The injection molded product has a high degree of shape freedom, can obtain a part close to the final shape, and effectively reduce the subsequent processing and the injection molding is more favorable for manufacturing high melting point, high strength, complex shape than other molding methods. The parts are easy to automate and mass production. In the degreasing process, there are various degreasing methods to be selected, such as solvent degreasing or thermal degreasing. When the filler body 10 is mainly composed of a high melting point paraffin material, the injection material for forming the bearing body 20 is included. There is a low melting point stone, at this time it is best to use thermal degreasing methods, such as adding thermal degreasing, ''vacuum thermal degreasing, microwave thermal degreasing, rate control thermal degreasing, etc.; = when filling 1308944, charging (four) the main (four) from the polymer (4) When the material composition is selected, the partial binder can be removed by solvent degreasing. However, the thermal degreasing method is followed by iron. In the thermal degreasing process, the thermal expansion coefficient and dynamic pressure draw of the filling body The thermal expansion coefficient of the embryo body 20 is different, which easily causes the bearing body to be broken. After the degreasing process, since the part of the binder is removed, the obtained dynamic pressure bearing body 20 tends to be relatively loose, and it is necessary to sinter the dynamic pressure bearing body to make the money more (four), then (4) high money, high strength The mouth. The same bearing body 20 material can be selected for high temperature sintering under vacuum, oxygen or nitrogen. After sintering, the dynamic pressure bearing body 2〇 will undergo shrinkage deformation, and the body body 2〇 can be dimensionally finished by mechanical processing. There are many common machining methods, such as broach dressing, drill dressing, grinding, numerical control, etc., or chemical or electrolytic discharge, but the cost is not recommended. As described above, the manufacturing method of the dynamic pressure bearing 3 of the present invention is integrally formed by the injection molding process, which is advantageous for improving the mass productivity and stability of the product, and The dynamic pressure grooves 34 of ==30 are axially spaced apart from each other, and it is not easy to leak oil. The dynamic pressure effect is summarized above. The invention complies with the invention patent requirements, and is legally mentioned. However, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the equivalents and variations of the present invention in the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included in the following claims. > or 1308944 [Simplified illustration of the drawings] - Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a dynamic bearing in the prior art. 2 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a dynamic pressure bearing of the present invention. Figure 3 is a perspective view of a filler body of the present invention. Figure 4 is a combination of the dynamic bearing body and the filler of the present invention. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a dynamic pressure bearing of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] Filler 10 Body 12 12 Raised 14 Bearing blank body 20 Dynamic bearing 30 Dynamic pressure groove 34
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