CN110563638A - 化合物及其有机电子装置 - Google Patents
化合物及其有机电子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110563638A CN110563638A CN201910485320.3A CN201910485320A CN110563638A CN 110563638 A CN110563638 A CN 110563638A CN 201910485320 A CN201910485320 A CN 201910485320A CN 110563638 A CN110563638 A CN 110563638A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- -1 phosphino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004431 deuterium atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000707 boryl group Chemical group B* 0.000 claims description 10
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- UZVGSSNIUNSOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC=C2C(=O)O UZVGSSNIUNSOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005104 aryl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003914 fluoranthenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C1=C23)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005328 phosphinyl group Chemical group [PH2](=O)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004604 benzisothiazolyl group Chemical group S1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004603 benzisoxazolyl group Chemical group O1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002785 azepinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004230 chromenyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000332 coumarinyl group Chemical group O1C(=O)C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003406 indolizinyl group Chemical group C=1(C=CN2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005990 isobenzothienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001977 isobenzofuranyl group Chemical group C=1(OC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 29
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000434 field desorption mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)borane Chemical compound CC1=C(B(C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C(C)=CC(C)=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005509 dibenzothiophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 4
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 3
- GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(1-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- VRAMIWXXKJVLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[10-(3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)anthracen-9-yl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound N1=CC(=CC=C1)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C2C=CC=CC=12)C1=CC(=CC=C1)C=1C=NC=CC=1 VRAMIWXXKJVLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RUQICFLRSLDXDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-naphthalen-2-yl-10-(4-naphthalen-1-ylphenyl)anthracene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 RUQICFLRSLDXDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZCZIHQBSCVGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarboximidamide;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(=[NH2+])C1=CC=CC=C1 LZCZIHQBSCVGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LCSNDSFWVKMJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl-(2-phenylphenyl)phosphane Chemical group C1CCCCC1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1CCCCC1 LCSNDSFWVKMJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical class C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 101000837344 Homo sapiens T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NDMVXIYCFFFPLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-9,10-diamine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C(N)C2=C1 NDMVXIYCFFFPLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004653 anthracenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002537 isoquinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABCGFHPGHXSVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-O meso-tetrakis(n-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine(4+) Chemical compound C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=C(N1)C(C=1C=C[N+](C)=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=N1)C(C=1C=C[N+](C)=CC=1)=C1C=CC(N1)=C1C=2C=C[N+](C)=CC=2)=C2N=C1C=C2 ABCGFHPGHXSVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHJUNMARMFAUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyliminobenzamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 MHJUNMARMFAUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing two or more pyridine rings directly linked together, e.g. bipyridyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D253/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D251/00
- C07D253/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D251/00 not condensed with other rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/623—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing five rings, e.g. pentacene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新颖化合物及其有机电子装置。该新颖化合物表示为下式(I):其中,A1和A2各表示一个碳原子;*1连接于A1和A2的其中之一,*2连接于A1和A2之中的另一个;a是1至4的整数;b是0至3的整数。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新颖化合物及其有机电子装置,具体涉及一种新颖化合物用作电子传输层的电子传输材料以及该化合物的有机电子装置。
背景技术
随着科技的进步,各种使用有机材料制成的有机电子装置蓬勃发展。常见的有机电子装置包括有机发光二极管(organic light emitting device,OLED)、有机光敏晶体管(organic phototransistor)、有机光伏电池(organic photovoltaic cell)和有机光侦测器(organic photodetector)。
OLED最初是由伊士曼柯达公司(Eastman Kodak)所发明并提出,伊士曼柯达公司的邓青云博士和Steven Van Slyke以真空蒸镀法(vacuum evaporation method)于形成有有机芳香二元胺电洞传输层的透明氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)玻璃上沉积一电子传输材料{例如三(8-羟基喹啉)铝[tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III),简称为Alq3]};再于电子传输层上沉积一金属电极,即可完成OLED的制作。OLED因兼具反应速率快、质轻、薄形化、广视角、亮度高、对比高、无需设置背光源以及低耗能的优点,因此备受关注,但OLED仍存在寿命短的问题。
现有技术手段的方式之一是于阴极和阳极间设置中间层。请参阅图1所示,一种改良的OLED1,其可以依序设置有一基板11、一阳极12、一电洞注入层13(hole injectionlayer,HIL)、一电洞传输层14(hole transport layer,HTL)、一发光层15(emittinglayer,EL)、一电子传输层16(electron transport layer,ETL)、一电子注入层17(electron injection layer,EIL)和一阴极18。当于阳极12和阴极18施加一电压时,由阳极12射出的电洞会穿过HIL和HTL并移动至EL,而由阴极18射出的电子会穿过EIL和ETL移动至EL。电洞和电子在EL层重组产生激子(exciton),当激子由激发态衰退返回基态时即可产生光线。
另一技术手段为改良OLED中ETL的材料,使电子传输材料展现出电洞阻挡能力。传统的电子传输材料包括2,9-二甲基-4,7-联苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲[2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BCP)]、3,3′-[5′-[3-(3-吡啶基)苯基][1,1′:3′,1″-三联苯]-3,3″-二基]二吡啶(TmPyPb){(3,3′-[5′-[3-(3-pyridinyl)phenyl][1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-3,3″-diyl]bispyridine,TmPyPb}、1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBi)[1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene,TPBi]、三(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)硼烷(3TPYMB)[tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane,3TPYMB]、1,3-二(3,5-二吡啶-3-基-苯基)苯(BmPyPb)[1,3-bis(3,5-dipyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene,BmPyPb]和9,10-二(3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)蒽(DPyPA)[9,10-bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)anthracene,DPyPA]。
然而,即使使用了所述的电子传输材料,OLED的使用寿命仍需要进一步完善。因此,本发明提供了一种新颖的化合物以克服及减缓现有技术的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新颖化合物,其可用于有机电子装置。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种使用该新颖化合物的有机电子装置,从而延长有机电子装置的使用寿命。
为达上述目的,本发明的新颖化合物具有下式(I):
在式(I)中,A1和A2各代表一个碳原子;*1连接于A1和A2的其中之一,且*2连接于A1和A2之中的另一个。
在式(I)中,a是1至4的整数。
在式(I)中,b是0至3的整数。
在式(I)中,L为碳数为6至60的芳撑基(arylene group)。
在式(I)中,G是选自于由下列所构成的群组:环上碳数为3至60的杂芳基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的烷基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为2至40的烯基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为2至40的炔基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为3至60的环烷基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为3至60的杂环烷基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的烷氧基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳香基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳氧基(aryloxy group)、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的硅烷基(alkylsilyl group)、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳硅基(arylsilyl group)、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的硼烷基(alkylboron)、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳硼基(arylboron group)、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的膦基(phosphine group)和具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的氧膦基(phosphine oxide group)、上述基团中的任意异构物以及上述基团中的任意氘化物,其中,该官能基选自于由氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、氟基和氯基所构成的群组。
在式(I)中,c是0至4的整数。
在式(I)中,Y选自于由氘原子、未经取代且环上碳数为6至60的芳香基、未经取代且碳数为1至12的烷基、未经取代且碳数为1至12的烯基和未经取代且碳数为2至12的炔基所构成的群组。
在式(I)中,Z1和Z2分别独立地选自于由下列所构成的群组:碳数为1至6的烷基、环上碳数为6至12的芳香基,且Z1和Z2彼此相同或不同。
包含至少一个[(L)b-G]特别基团的化合物是适用于作为任何颜色的OLED的电子传输材料,并可以延长OLED的使用寿命。
在式(I)中,a是2至4的整数,各个[(L)b-G]彼此可以相同或不同。例如,a是2时,两个[(L)b-G]基团可以表示为[(L1)b1-G1]和[(L2)b2-G2]。在这里,b1和b2可以分别独立地是0至3的整数,且b1和b2彼此相同或不同;L1和L2分别独立地选自于上述的L组,且L1和L2彼此相同或不同;G1和G2分别独立地选自于上述的G组,且G1和G2彼此相同或不同。
同样,当c是2至4的整数时,多个Y彼此相同或不同。
较佳的,主架构只包含有一个[(L)b-G]基团。也就是说,在一个实施例中,a为整数1。
当*1连接于A1且*2连接于A2时,该化合物可以表示为:
更具体地,式(I-I)的化合物可以表示为下式之一:
当*1连接于A2且*2连接于A1时,该化合物可以表示为:
更具体地,式(I-II)的化合物可以表示为下列式之一:
优选的,在式(I)、(I-I-I)至(I-I-IV)以及式(I-II-I)至(I-II-IV)中,G表示的环上碳数为3至60的杂芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:呋喃基(furyl group)、吡咯基(pyrrolyl group)、噻吩基(thiophenyl group)、咪唑基(imidazolyl group)、吡唑基(pyrazolyl group)、三唑基(triazolyl group)、四唑基(tetrazolyl group)、恶唑基(oxazolyl group)、异恶唑基(isoxazolyl group)、噻唑基(thiazolyl group)、异噻唑基(isothiazolyl group)、恶二唑基(oxadiazolyl group)、噻二唑基(thiadiazolylgroup)、吡啶基(pyridyl group)、哒嗪基(pyridazinyl group)、嘧啶基(pyrimidinylgroup)、吡嗪基(pyrazinyl group)、三嗪基(triazinyl group)、吲哚基(indolyl group)、异吲哚基(isoindolyl group)、苯并呋喃基(benzofuranyl group)、异苯并呋喃基(isobenzofuranyl group)、苯并噻吩基(benzothiophenyl group)、异苯并噻吩基(isobenzothiophenyl group)、吲哚嗪基(indolizinyl group)、喹嗪基(quinolizinylgroup)、喹啉基(quinolyl group)、异喹啉基(isoquinolyl group)、噌啉基(cinnolylgroup)、酞嗪基(phthalazinyl group)、喹唑啉基(quinazolinyl group)、喹喔啉基(quinoxalinyl group)、苯并咪唑(benzimidazolyl group)、苯并恶唑基(benzoxazolylgroup)、苯并噻唑基(benzothiazolyl group)、吲唑基(indazolyl group)、苯并异恶唑基(benzisoxazolyl group)、苯并异噻唑基(benzisothiazolyl group)、二苯并呋喃基(dibenzofuranyl group)、二苯并噻吩基(dibenzothiophenyl group)、咔唑基(carbazolyl group)、二咔唑基(biscarbazolyl group)、香豆素基(coumarinyl group)、色烯基(chromenyl group)、菲基(phenanthridinyl group)、吖啶基(acridinyl group)、啡啉基(phenanthrolinyl group)、吩嗪基(phenazinyl group)、吩噻嗪基(phenothiazinylgroup)、吩恶嗪基(phenoxazinyl group)、氮杂二苯并噻吩基(azatriphenylenyl group)、二氮杂二苯并噻吩基(diazatriphenylenyl group)、呫吨基(xanthenyl group)、氮杂咔唑基(azacarbazolyl group)、氮杂苯并呋喃基(azadibenzofuranyl group)、氮杂苯并噻吩基(azadibenzothiophenyl group)、苯并呋喃苯并噻吩基(benzofuranobenzothiophenyl group)、苯并噻吩苯并噻吩基(benzothienobenzothiophenyl group)、二苯并呋喃萘基(dibenzofuranonaphthylgroup)、二苯并噻吩萘基(dibenzothienonaphthylgroup)、二萘噻吩噻吩苯基(dinaphthothienothiophenyl group)、二萘咔唑基(dinaphthocarbazolyl group)、二苯并[b,f]氮杂基(dibenzo[b,f]azepin group)、三苯并[b,d,f]氮杂基(tribenzo[b,d,f]azepin group)、二苯并[b,f]氧杂基(dibenzo[b,f]oxepin group)和三苯并[b,d,f]氧杂基(tribenzo[b,d,f]oxepin group)、上述基团中的任意异构物以及上述基团中的任意氘化物。
具体来说,在式(I)和特别是式(I-I-I)中,G表示的环上碳数为3至60的杂芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:呋喃基、咪唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、异恶唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噻二唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、异吲哚基、异苯并呋喃基、异苯并噻吩基、吲哚嗪基、喹嗪基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、苯并咪唑、苯并恶唑基、苯并噻唑基、吲唑基、苯并异恶唑基、苯并异噻唑基、二咔唑基、香豆素基、色烯基、菲基、氮杂二苯并噻吩基、二氮杂二苯并噻吩基、呫吨基、氮杂咔唑基、氮杂苯并呋喃基、氮杂苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃苯并噻吩基、苯并噻吩苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃萘基、二苯并噻吩萘基、二萘噻吩噻吩苯基、二萘咔唑基、二苯并[b,f]氮杂基、三苯并[b,d,f]氮杂基、二苯并[b,f]氧杂基、三苯并[b,d,f]氧杂基,上述基团中的任意异构物以及上述基团中的任意氘化物。
具体来说,在式(I)、(I-I-I)至(I-I-IV)以及(I-II-I)至(I-II-IV)中,G表示的环上碳数为3至60的杂芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:
其中,o为0至2的整数;m为0至3的整数;n为0至4的整数;p为0至5的整数;
其中,R1至R5各自独立选自于由下列所构成的群组:氘原子、卤基、氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、碳数为1至12的烷基、碳数为2至12的烯基、碳数为2至12的炔基、环上碳数为3至30的环烷基、环上碳数为3至30的杂环烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳香基、环上碳数为3至30的杂芳基、碳数为1至40的烷氧基、环上碳数为6至30的芳氧基、碳数为1-40的硅烷基、环上碳数为6-30的芳硅基、碳数为1-30的硼烷基、环上碳数为6-30的芳硼基、碳数为1-30的膦基和碳数为1-30的氧膦基。
较佳的,[(L)b-G]选自于由下列所构成的群组:
较佳的,在式(I-I-I)至(I-I-IV)、以及式(I-II-I)至(I-II-IV)中,G表示的环上碳数为3至60的杂芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:具有至少一官能基的苯基(phenylgroup)、具有至少一官能基的联苯基(biphenylyl group)、具有至少一官能基的三联苯基(terphenylyl group)、具有至少一官能基的萘基(naphthyl group)、具有至少一官能基的菲基(phenanthryl group)、具有至少一官能基的蒽基(anthracenyl group)、具有至少一官能基的苯并蒽基(benzanthryl group)、具有至少一官能基的芴基(fluorenyl group)、具有至少一官能基的基(chrysenyl group)、具有至少一官能基的荧蒽基(fluoranthenyl group)和上述基团的任意氘化物。
较佳的,在式(I)、(I-I-I)至式(I-I-IV)以及式(I-II-I)至(I-II-IV)中,G表示具有至少一官能基的环上碳数为6至60的具有至少一官能基的芳香基选自于由下列所构成的群组:具有至少一官能基的苯基(phenyl group)和具有至少一官能基的联苯基(biphenylyl group)。
具体的,在式(I)、(I-I-I)至(I-I-IV)以及(I-II-I)至(I-II-IV)中,G表示具有至少一官能基的环上碳数为6至60的芳香基选自于由下列所构成的群组:
其中r为1至5的整数;s为0至4的整数;r和s的和不超过5;
其中,R1选自于由下列所构成的群组:氘原子、碳数为1至12的烷基、碳数为2至12的烯基、碳数为2至12的炔基、环上碳数为3至30的环烷基、环上碳数为3至30的杂环烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳香基、环上碳数为3至30的杂芳基、碳数为1至12的烷氧基、环上碳数为6至30的芳氧基、碳数为1-12的硅烷基、环上碳数为6-30的芳硅基、碳数为1-12的硼烷基和环上碳数为6-30的芳硼基。
优选的,式(I)、(I-I-I)至(I-I-IV),以及(I-II-I)至(I-II-IV)中的Y选自于以下所构成的群组:氘原子、苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、菲基、蒽基、苯并蒽基、芴基、基、荧蒽基、氘化苯基、氘化联苯基、氘化三联苯基、氘化萘基、氘化菲基、氘化蒽基、氘化苯并蒽基、氘化芴基、氘化基和氘化荧蒽基。
优选的,式(I)中的b为0。也就是说,每一个G均直接连接于主架构。
当在式(I)、(I-I-I)至(I-I-IV)以及(I-II-I)至(I-II-IV)中,b是一个1至3的整数,L选自于由下列所构成的群组:
优选的,L选自于由下列所构成的群组:
更具体的,L是
在本说明书中,由L所表示的所述的“环上碳数为6至60的芳撑基”可以是未经取代且环上碳数为6至60的芳撑基或具有至少一个取代基的环上碳数为6至60的芳撑基。该取代基可以选自于由下列所构成的群组:氘原子、卤基、氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、碳数为1至12的烷基、碳数为2至12的烯基、碳数为2至12的炔基、环上碳数为3至30的环烷基、环上碳数为3至30的杂环烷基、碳数为1至40的烷氧基、环上碳数为6至30的芳氧基、碳数为1至40的硅烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳硅基、碳数为1至30的硼烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳硼基、碳数为1至30的膦基和碳数为1至30的氧膦基。
在本说明书中,由G所表示的所述的“杂芳基”可以是未经取代的杂芳基或具有至少一个取代基的杂芳基。杂芳基上的取代基可以同上述的R1至R5之中任何一个相似。
在本说明书中,由Y所表示的所述的“未经取代的环上碳数为6至60的芳香基”可以是芳香环结构且其上的一个或多个氢原子没有被取代基所取代。同样,由Y所表示的所述的“未经取代且碳数为1至12的烷基”、所述的“未经取代且碳数为1至12的烯基”和所述的“未经取代且碳数为2至12的炔基”是指碳氢化合物骨架上不含有任何杂原子。
在本说明书中,由Z1和Z2所表示的所述的“烷基”可以是未经取代的烷基或具有至少一个取代基的烷基。烷基、烯基或炔基的取代基可以是但不限于,例如,氘原子。
在本说明书中,由Z1和Z2所表示的所述的“芳香基”可以是未经取代的芳香基或具有至少一个取代基的芳香基。芳香基的取代基可以是但不限于,例如,氘原子。
例如,该化合物可以选自于由下列所构成的群组:
本发明同时提供一种有机电子装置,其包括一第一电极,一第二电极,以及一位于第一电极和第二电极之间的有机层。该有机层包括前述的新颖化合物。
优选的,该有机电子装置是有机发光二极管(OLED)。
具体地说,该有机发光二极管可以包括:
一形成于第一电极上的电洞注入层;
一形成于该电洞注入层上的电洞传输层;
一形成于该电洞传输层上的发光层;
一形成于该发光层上的电子传输层;
一形成于电子传输层和第二电极之间的电子注入层。
于其中一实施例,该有机层可为该电子传输层,即该电子传输层包括一电子传输材料,该电子传输材料是如前述新颖化合物。
举例来说,该电子传输层可以是单层结构或是设置于该发光层和该电子注入层之间的一多层结构。当该电子传输层为多层结构时,例如,该电子传输层包括一电子传输层和一第二电子传输层,该第一电子传输层中的第一电子传输材料可以是一单一的前述的新颖化合物,该第二电子传输层中的该第二电子传输材料可以是另一单一的前述新颖化合物或是任何一个单一的常规化合物。或者,该第一电子传输层中的第一电子传输材料可以是一新颖化合物同另一新颖化合物或任何单一現有化合物的组合,该第二电子传输材料亦为如此。
所述的第一和/或第二电子传输层包括该新颖化合物,如化合物1至274。同商业OLED产品相比,使用该新颖化合物作为电子传输材料的OLED能够延长使用寿命。商业OLED产品使用现有的电子传输材料制备,包括2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline,BCP)、3,3′-[5′-[3-(3-吡啶基)苯基][1,1′:3′,1″-三联苯]-3,3″-二基]联吡啶((3,3′-(5′-(3-(3-Pyridinyl)phenyl)(1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl)-3,3″-diyl)bispyridine,TmPyPb)、1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene,TPBi)、三(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)硼烷(tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane,3TPYMB)、1,3-联(3,5-二吡啶-3-基-苯基)苯(1,3-bis(3,5-dipyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene,BmPyPb)和9,10-二(3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)蒽(9,10-bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)anthracene,DPyPA)。
较佳的,该OLED包括一电洞阻挡层,该电洞阻挡层形成于电子传输层和发光层之间,可防止电洞由发光层移动至电子传输层。
于其中另一实施例,该有机层为电洞阻挡层,即该电洞阻挡层包括一电洞阻挡材料,该电洞阻挡材料包括前述新颖化合物。更具体地,所述的电洞阻挡层包括该新颖化合物,如化合物1至274。同商业OLED产品相比,使用该新颖化合物作为电洞阻挡材料的OLED能够延长使用寿命。商业OLED产品使用现有的电洞阻挡材料制备,包括2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline,BCP)和2,3,5,6-四甲基苯基-1,4-邻苯二甲酰亚胺(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-phenyl-1,4-(bis-phthalimide),TMPP)。
较佳的,该电洞注入层可以是两层结构,即该OLED包括一第一电洞注入层和一位于该第一电极和该电洞传输层之间的一第二电洞注入层。
所述的第一和第二电洞注入层可以且不限制于以下材料制成:聚苯胺(polyaniline)、聚乙烯基二氧噻吩(polyethylenedioxythiophene)、4,4,4-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺(4,4′,4″-Tris[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine(m-MTDATA))或者N1,N1′-(联二苯N1-(石脑油)-N4,N4′-联二苯)(N1,N1′-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4,N4′-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine)。
较佳的,该电洞传输层可以是两层结构,即该OLED包括一第一电洞传输层和一位于该两层结构的电洞注入层和该发光层之间的一第二电洞传输层。
所述的第一和第二电洞传输层可以且不限制于以下材料制成:1,1-双[4-[N,N-二(对甲苯)氨基]苯基]环己烷(TAPC)1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenylcyclohexane](TAPC)、咔唑衍生物包括N-苯基咔唑和N4,N4′-二(萘-1-基)-N4,N4′-二苯联苯基-4,4′-二胺(NPB)(N4,N4′-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine,NPB)。
较佳的,该发光层是由掺杂物(dopant)和主体材料(host material)所制成。该主体材料可为苯基蒽衍生物,例如9-(4-(1-萘基)苯基)-10-(2-萘基)蒽)(9-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene),但并不仅限于此。
针对红光OLED,发光层材料中的掺杂物可以是但不限于具有喹啉(quinoline)配位基或异喹啉衍生物(isoquinoline derivative)配位基的二价铱有机金属化合物、锇络合物、或铂络合物。针对绿光OLED,发光层中的掺杂物可以为但不限于二氨基芴(diaminoflourenes)、蒽二胺(diaminoanthracenes)或具有苯基吡啶(phenylpyridine)配位基的二价铱有机金属化合物。针对蓝光OLED,发光层中的掺杂物可以为但不限于具胺基取代的苝衍生物(aminoperylene derivative)、二胺(diaminochrysene)、芘二胺(diaminopyrene)或具有吡啶甲酰配位基(pyridinatopicolinate)的二价铱有机金属化合物。由不同的主发光体材料,OLED可产生红光、绿光或蓝光的光线。
较佳的,该OLED包括一电子阻挡层,该电子阻挡层形成于电洞传输层和发光层之间,可防止电子由发光层移动至电洞传输层。所述电子阻挡层可由9,9'-(1,1'-联苯基)-4,4'-二基二-9H-咔唑(9,9'-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbis-9H-carbazole,CBP)或4,4',4”-三(N-咔唑基)三苯胺(4,4',4”-tri(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine,TCTA)所形成,但并不仅限于此。
当OLED设置有电洞阻挡层和/或电子阻挡层时,前述OLED相较于常规的OLED具有较高的发光效率。
所述电子注入层可由一电子注入材料制成,例如8-氧代萘-1-基锂((8-oxidonaphthalen-1-yl)lithium(II)),但不限于此。
所述第一电极可以为氧化铟锡电极(indium-doped tin oxide electrode),但并不仅限于此。
所述第二电极的功函数(work function)低于第一电极的功函数。第二电极可以是但不局限于铝电极、铟电极或镁电极。
本发明的其他目的、功效和技术特征,会以图式、实施例和比较例进行更详细的说明。
附图说明
图1为OLED的侧视剖面图;
图2至图19分别为化合物1至18的氢核磁共振光谱图(1H-NMR)。
具体实施方式
以下列举数个实施例作为例示说明本发明的化合物及其有机电子装置的实施方式,以突显本发明相较于现有技术的差异;熟习此技艺者可经由本说明书的内容轻易了解本发明所能达成的优点与功效,并且于不悖离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰与变更,以施行或应用本发明的内容。
途径1:中间物An的合成
中间物An(Intermediate An)用于制备一种新颖化合物,并可由下述步骤合成中间物An。中间物An的合成途径概述在合成机制A1中。
其中,B′是B(OH)2基团or基团。
中间物A1的合成
以中间物A1作为通过合成机制A1合成中间物An的例子,中间物A1的合成途径概述在合成机制A1-1。
步骤1:中间物A1-1的合成
将9,9-二甲基芴-2-硼酸(9,9-Dimethyl fluorene-2-boronicacid)(CAS编号333432-28-3)作为反应物R1(1.2当量(eq))、同反应物B1(1.0eq)、乙酸钯[Pd(OAc)2](0.015eq)、三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)(PPh3)(0.06eq)、和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(3.0M,1.5eq)混合于甲苯(200毫升)中,将反应混合物加热至80℃并搅拌。反应完成且混合溶液降至室温后,使用饱和的氯化钠和乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate,EA)萃取该混合溶液并于有机层中收集粗产物。再以硫酸镁干燥(MgSO4)、通过硅胶过滤分离,并减压浓缩。生成的残留物置于己烷之中,再次过滤悬浮液并使用己烷洗脱,获得中间物A1-1。中间物A1-1可无需进一步提纯直接用于步骤2。
步骤2:中间物A1-2的合成
将中间物A1-1(1.0eq)和四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)(1.5eq)溶于四氢呋喃(THF)(0.3M)中,在室温下搅拌1小时。通过减压移除溶剂,并使用柱层析纯化残留物,从而获得一白色固体产物。步骤2的产率为79%。
该白色固体产物经FD-MS分析确定为中间物A1-2。化学结构列于表1。
步骤3:中间物A1-3的合成
将氢氧化铯水合物(CsOH*H2O)(0.3eq)溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)(0.3M),室温下搅拌10分钟。在溶液中加入甲醇(1.7eq)和中间物A1-2,搅拌混合物并在110℃加热6小时。然后减压移除溶剂,使用甲苯/己烷(2/1)柱层析进行纯化残留物,获得一油状产物。步骤3的产率为85%。
步骤4:中间物A1的合成
将中间物A1-3(1eq)溶于二氯甲烷(0.3M)中,並冷卻至0℃。然后将三氟甲烷磺酸(CF3SO3H)(0.2eq)缓慢滴加到溶液中,并于0℃搅拌2小时。反应完成后,使用碳酸氢钠(aq)终止溶液反应,然后移除水层。通过减压移除有机层中的溶剂,并使用柱层析纯化残留物,从而获得一白色固体产物。步骤4的产率为85%。
该白色固体产物经FD-MS分析确定为中间物A1。FD-MS分析结果:C23H17Cl:理论分子量328.83,检测分子量为328.83。化学结构列于表1。
中间物A2和A3的合成
中间物A2和A3也可用于制备一种新颖化合物,其制备方法分别同中间物A1通过其步骤1至4的制备方法相似,其不同之处在于,分别使用反应物B2和反应物B3替代起始反应物B1。所有的中间物均按上述方法分析,其分析结果列于表1。
表1:用于制备中间物An的反应物An和Bn,An-1、An-2、An-3和An的化学结构、中间物An-2、An-3和An的产率,中间物A1至A3的化学式以及FD-MS的分析结果
中间物A1至A3的修饰
除了中间物A1至A3之外,所属技术领域的一般技术人员可使用其他的起始反应物,并以类似于合成机制A1-1的合成路径合成出其他新颖化合物。
途径2:中间物A4和A5的合成
中间物An用于制备一种新颖化合物,并且也可由下述步骤合成中间物An。中间物An的合成途径概述在下述合成机制A2中。
其中,B′是B(OH)2基团or基团。
中间物A4的合成
以中间物A4作为通过合成机制A2合成中间物An的例子,中间物A4的合成途径概述于合成机制A2-1中。
步骤1:中间物A4-1的合成
将9,9-二甲基芴-3-硼酸频哪醇酯(9,9-Dimethylfluorene-3-boronicacidpinacolester)(CAS编号1346007-02-0)作为反应物R2(1.2eq)、反应物B1(1.0eq)、乙酸钯(Pd(OAc)2)(0.015eq)、三苯基磷(PPh3)(0.06eq)、和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(3.0M,1.5eq)混合于200ml甲苯中,反应混合物加热至80℃并搅拌。反应完成且混合溶液降至室温后,使用饱和的氯化钠和乙酸乙酯(EA)萃取该混合溶液并于有机层中收集粗产物。再以硫酸镁(MgSO4)干燥、通过硅胶过滤分离,并减压浓缩。生成的残留物置于己烷之中,再次过滤悬浮液并使用己烷洗脱,获得中间物A4-1。中间物A4-1可无需进一步提纯直接用于步骤2。
步骤2:中间物A4-2的合成
中间物A4-2的合成方法同中间物A1-2通过步骤2反应制备的方法相类似,其不同之处在于,中间物A4-1作为起始物替代为中间物A1-1作为起始物。步骤2的产率为75%。化学结构列于表2。
步骤3:中间物A4-3的合成
中间物A4-3制备方法同中间物A1-3通过前述的步骤3制备方法相似,其不同之处在于,使用中间物A4-2替代起始中间物A1-2。步骤3的产率为83%。
步骤4:中间物A4的合成
中间物A4制备方法同中间物A1通过步骤4制备方法相似,其不同之处在于,使用中间物A4-3替代起始中间物A1-3。步骤4的产率为63%。经FD-MS分析确定为中间物A4。FD-MS分析结果:C23H17Cl:理论分子量328.83,检测分子量为328.83。化学结构列于表2。
中间物A5的合成
中间物A5也可用于制备一种新颖化合物,其制备方法同中间物A4通过其步骤1-4制备的方法相似,其不同之处在于,使用反应物B2替代起始反应物B1。所有的中间物均按上述方法分析,其分析结果列于表2。
表2:用于制备中间物An的反应物An和Bn,An-1、An-2和An的化学结构、中间物An-2和An的产率,中间物A4至A5的化学式以及FD-MS的分析结果
中间物A4和A5的修饰
除了中间物A4至A5之外,所属技术领域的一般技术人员可使用其他的起始反应物,并以类似于合成机制A2-1的合成机制合成出其他新颖化合物。中间物A4和A5的修饰物可以是但不限于,例如,下列的中间物A6。
中间物An-B的合成
中间物An-B的一般合成途径概述在合成机制A3中。
中间物A1-B的合成
以中间物A1-B作为中间物An-B的例子,中间物A1-B的合成途径概述于合成机制A3-1中。
将中间物A1(1.0eq)、双联频哪醇硼酸酯(bis(pinacolato)diboron)(1.20eq)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯[Pd2(dba)3)](tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0))[Pd2(dba)3)](0.015eq)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(SPhos)(dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)phosphine(0.03eq,SPhos))和醋酸钾(KOAc)(1.5eq)的混合物置于1,4-二恶烷(1,4-dioxane)(0.5M)中,并于110℃的氮气环境下搅拌8小时。反应完成后,通过减压移除溶剂,并使用柱层析纯化残留物,从而获得一浅黄色固体产物。步骤5的产率为89%。
该浅黄色固体产物经FD-MS分析确定为中间物A1-B。中间物A1-B的化学结构、产率、化学式和FD-MS分析结果列于表3。
中间物A2-B至A5-B的合成
中间物A2-B至A5-B也可用于制备一种新颖化合物,其制备方法分别同中间物A1-B通过步骤4制备方法相似,其不同之处在于,分别使用中间物A2至A5替代起始反应中间物A1。所有的中间物均按上述方法分析,其分析结果列于表3。
表3:用于制备中间物An-B的中间物An,An和An-B的化学结构、中间物An-B的产率,中间物An-B的化学式以及FD-MS的分析结果
中间物A1-B至A5-B的修饰
除了化合物A1-B至A5-B之外,所属技术领域的一般技术人员可使用其他的起始反应物,并以类似于合成机制A3-1的合成机制合成出其他新颖化合物。
中间物A1-B至A5-B的修饰物可以是但不限于,例如,下列的中间物A6-B。
反应物Dn的制备
用于制备一种新颖化合物的反应物Dn列于表4。反应物D1、D3至D23购买于Sigma-Aldrich。
表4:反应物D1至D23的CAS编号和化学结构
反应物D2的合成
反应物D2的合成途径概述在合成机制D2中。
将4-溴苯甲醛(CAS编号1122-91-4)(1.0eq)和1-4-(3-吡啶基)苯基)乙酮(1-[4-(3-Pyridinyl)phenyl]ethanone)(CAS编号90395-45-2)(1.0eq)溶于无水乙醇(0.5M)中并搅拌,在0℃下逐滴加入氢氧化钾溶液(KOH)(3.0eq,2.5M),然后在室温下搅拌反应混合物12小时。之后,将苄脒盐酸盐(4-bromobenzamidine·HCl)(CAS编号1670-14-0)(1.0eq)加入前述的反应混合物中,在回流温度下再加热6小时。反应完成后,通过减压移除溶剂,并使用柱层析纯化残留物,从而获得一白色固体产物,产率为34%。该白色固体产物经FD-MS分析确定为反应物D2。FD-MS分析结果:C27H18BrN3:理论分子量464.36,检测分子量为464.36。化学结构列于表4。
新颖化合物的合成
前述的各个中间物,例如,中间物An和An-B,都可以同各个反应物Dn反应,从而合成所述的新颖化合物。所述的新颖化合物的一般合成途径概述在合成机制I之中。在下述的合成机制I中,“中间物A”可以是前述的表1至表3中所列的中间物An或An-B中的任何一个或其相似物,且“反应物Dn”可以是表4中所列的反应物D1至D23中的任何一个。该新颖化合物通过以下方法I和方法II合成,其结果列于表5中。
方法I
将中间物A(1.0eq)、反应物Dn(1.2eq)、醋酸钯(Pd(OAc)2)(0.01eq)、和2-(二环己基膦基)联苯{2-(dicyclohexyl phosphino)biphenyl[P(Cy)2(2-biPh)]}(0.04eq)溶于甲苯/乙醇(0.5M,v/v=10/1)和3.0M碳酸钾K2CO3混合溶液中搅拌。反应混合物加热至大约100℃,并在氮气环境下搅拌12小时。反应完成后,将水和甲苯加入到反应混合物。之后,通过溶剂提取回收有机层,并使用硫酸钠干燥。通过减压移除有机层中的溶剂,并使用硅胶柱层析纯化残留物。所得的残留物使用甲苯再结晶获得一白色固体产物,即为该新颖化合物。
方法II
将中间物A(1.0eq)、反应物Dn(1.2eq)、三(二亞苄基丙酮)二钯(tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0),(Pd2(dba)3,0.015eq)、三环己基膦四氟硼酸盐(tricyclohexylphosphine tetrafluoroborate,[P(Cy)3(HBF4)],0.06eq)(0.06eq)置于二甲醚(DME)(0.5M,v/v=10/1)和碳酸钾水溶液(3.0M)的混合溶液中搅拌。将反应混合物加热到90℃并在氮气环境下搅拌12小时。反应完成后,将水和甲苯加入到反应混合物中。之后,通过萃取溶剂回收有机层,并使用硫酸钠干燥。然后减压移除掉有机层中的溶剂,残留物使用硅胶柱层析纯化。获得的残留物使用甲苯再结晶获得一白色固体产物,即是所述的新颖化合物。
各中间物A和各反应物Dn合成化合物1至18列于表5-1和表5-2。
化合物1至18的H1-NMR和FD-MS分析结果、其化学结构、产率、化学式和分子量亦列于表5-1和表5-2。图2至图19展示了化合物1至18经分析后的H1-NMR结果以及其化学结构。
表5-1:中间物A和反应物Dn通过方法I制备新颖化合物,以及其产率、化学式和FD-MS数据。
表5-2:中间物A和反应物Dn通过方法II制备新颖化合物以及其产率、化学式和FD-MS分析结果
化合物1至18的修饰
除了化合物1至18之外,所属技术领域的一般技术人员可使用任何中间物A和任何其他的反应物Dn,并以类似于合成机制I和合成机制II的反应机制合成出其他新颖化合物。
OLED装置的制备
将涂布有厚ITO层的玻璃基板(以下简称为ITO基板)置于含有洗洁剂的蒸馏水中,并以超音波冲洗。洗洁剂为Fischer Co.生产的产品,蒸馏水是以Millipore Co.公司的滤器过滤二次而得的蒸馏水。在ITO层洗30分钟后,更换蒸馏水后再以超音波震荡10分钟以洗净ITO基板,并重复上述洗净步骤一次。洗净后,将前述玻璃基板以异丙醇、丙酮和甲醇以超音波震荡洗净,并使之干燥;接着,将玻璃基板置于电浆表面清洁机内。接着,以氧电浆清洁玻璃基板5分钟,再将清洁后的玻璃基板置于真空蒸镀机内。
之后,于ITO基板上依序沉积各种有机材料和金属材料,获得实施例以及比较例的OLED装置。真空蒸镀机的真空度维持在1x10-6至3x10-7torr。于此,该ITO基板上依序沉积有第一电洞注入层(HIL-1)、第二电洞注入层(HIL-2)、第一电洞传输层(HTL-1)、第二电洞传输层(HTL-2)、蓝/绿/红光发光层(BEL/GEL/REL)、电子传输层(ETL)、电子注入层(EIL)和阴极(Cthd)。
在上述OLED装置的各层中,HAT用于形成HIL-1和HIL-2;HI-2用于形成HIL-2;HT-1和HT-2分别用于形成HTL-1和HTL-2;本发明的新颖化合物和商业ET材料用于形成ETL;Liq是用于形成ETL和EIL的材料;RH/GH/BH分别为形成REL/GEL/BEL的主要材料;RD/GD/BD可作为REL/GEL/BEL的掺杂物。实施例和比较例中的OLED装置的主要不同在于,比较例中OLED的ETL材料是BCP、TPBi或其他比较化合物,但实施例中的OLED的ETL材料是列于表5-1和5-2中的本发明的新颖化合物。OLED装置中的前述的商业材料和其他比较化合物的化学结构列于表6。
表6:OLED装置中的商业材料的化学结构。
蓝光OLED装置的制备
蓝光OLED装置包括多层有机层,各有机层依照表7的顺序沉积于ITO基板上,用以制备蓝光OLED的各有机层的材料、厚度以及掺杂物列于表7中。
表7:蓝光OLED装置中各层的顺序、材料及厚度
绿光OLED装置的制备
绿光OLED装置包括多层有机层,各有机层依照表8的顺序沉积于ITO基板上,用以制备绿光OLED的各有机层的材料、厚度以及掺杂物列于表8中。
表8:绿光OLED装置中各有机层的顺序、材料及厚度
红光OLED装置的制备
红光OLED装置包括多层有机层,各有机层依照表9的顺序沉积于ITO基板上,用以制备蓝光OLED的各有机层的材料、厚度以及掺杂物列于表9中。
表9:红光OLED装置中各层的顺序、材料及厚度
OLED装置的效能
为了评估OLED装置的效能,将红光、绿光和蓝光OLED装置连接于电源供应器,并以PR650的亮度计检测。所测得的色度以为国际照明委员会(Commission Internationale deL’Eclairage 1931,CIE)制定的色度坐标[color coordinate(x,y)]示之。检测结果列于下表10至表12。蓝光和红光OLED装置的色度是在1000尼特(nits)的亮度下检测,绿光OLED装置的色度是在3000尼特的亮度下检测。
针对蓝光OLED装置,寿命T85是指蓝光OLED装置在2000尼特的亮度下检测时亮度相对于初始亮度下降至85%时所需的时间,其结果如下表10所示。针对绿光OLED装置,寿命T95是指绿光OLED装置在7000尼特的亮度下检测时亮度相对于初始亮度下降至95%时所需的时间,其结果如下表11所示。针对红光OLED装置,寿命T90是指红光OLED装置在6000尼特的亮度下检测时亮度相对于初始亮度下降至90%时所需的时间,其结果如下表12所示。
表10:实施例1至18(E1至E18)和比较例1至3(C1至C3)的蓝光OLED装置中ETL材料、颜色、CIE(x)、CIE(y)、使用寿命。
如表10所示,E1至E18的蓝光OLED的使用寿命全部都长于C1至C3(特别是C3)的使用寿命。这说明了,采用本发明的新颖化合物作为电子传输材料能够有效地延长蓝光OLED的使用寿命。
表11:实施例19至27(E19至E27)和比较例4至7(C4至C7)的绿光OLED装置中ETL材料、颜色、CIE(x)、CIE(y)、使用寿命(T95)
实施例 | ET材料 | CIE(x) | CIE(y) | T95(hrs) |
E19 | 化合物1 | 0.312 | 0.64 | 157.23 |
E20 | 化合物2 | 0.313 | 0.64 | 131.58 |
E21 | 化合物5 | 0.314 | 0.639 | 161.29 |
E22 | 化合物7 | 0.311 | 0.641 | 135.14 |
E23 | 化合物8 | 0.31 | 0.641 | 138.50 |
E24 | 化合物9 | 0.317 | 0.638 | 185.19 |
E25 | 化合物10 | 0.31 | 0.64 | 151.52 |
E26 | 化合物11 | 0.312 | 0.639 | 185.19 |
E27 | 化合物12 | 0.311 | 0.641 | 156.25 |
C4 | BCP | 0.308 | 0.643 | 29.00 |
C5 | TPBi | 0.31 | 0.641 | 38.00 |
C6 | 比较化合物1 | 0.313 | 0.64 | 119.90 |
C7 | 比较化合物2 | 0.309 | 0.641 | 107.30 |
如表11所示,E19至E27的绿光OLED的使用寿命全部都长于C4至C7(特别是C6和C7)的使用寿命。这说明了,采用本发明的新颖化合物作为电子传输材料能够有效地延长绿光OLED的使用寿命。
表12:实施例28至34(E28至E34)和比较例8至11(C8至C11)的红光OLED装置中ETL材料、颜色、CIE(x)、CIE(y)、使用寿命(T90)
如表12所示,E28至E34的红光OLED的使用寿命全部都长于C8至C11,特别是C10和C11的使用寿命。这说明了,采用本发明的新颖化合物作为电子传输材料能够有效地延长红光OLED的使用寿命,就如同之前可以延长蓝光和绿光的使用寿命一样。
基于表10至表12的结果,本发明的新颖化合物适于作为电子传输材料,并具有延长红光、绿光和蓝光OLED的使用寿命的效果。
即使前述说明之中已经记载了本发明的各种特点和优势,以及本发明的结构和性状的细节特征,该公开也只是作为本发明的示例。在本发明的基本原则之内的个别部分的细节方面的更改,特别是性状、大小和排列的改变,均在本发明的权利要求书所明确的最大权利保护范围之内。
Claims (15)
1.一种化合物,其特征在于,其如下式(I)所示:
其中,A1和A2各表示一个碳原子;*1连接于A1和A2的其中之一,*2连接于A1和A2之中的另一个;
在式(I)中,a是1至4中的一个整数;
在式(I)中,b是0至3中的一个整数;
在式(I)中,L是碳数为6至60的芳撑基;
G是选自于由下列所构成的群组:环上碳数为3至60的杂芳基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的烷基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为2至40的烯基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为2至40的炔基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为3至60的环烷基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为3至60的杂环烷基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的烷氧基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳香基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳氧基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的硅烷基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳硅基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的硼烷基、具有至少一官能基且环上碳数为6至60的芳硼基、具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的膦基和具有至少一官能基且碳数为1至40的氧膦基,上述基团的任意异构物以及上述基团的任意氘化物,其中,该官能基选自于由氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、氟基和氯基所构成的群组;
c是0至4中的一个整数;
Y选自于由氘原子、未经取代且环上碳数为6至60的芳香基、未经取代且碳数为1至12的烷基、未经取代且碳数为1至12的烯基和未经取代且碳数为2至12的炔基所构成的群组;且
Z1和Z2分别独立地是碳原子数为1至6的烷基或环上碳数为6至12的芳香基,且Z1和Z2彼此相同或不同。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述的化合物表示为下列式之一:
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,在式(I)中,G表示的环上碳数为3至60的杂芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:呋喃基、吡咯基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、恶唑基、异恶唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、恶二唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、异苯并噻吩基、吲哚嗪基、喹嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、苯并咪唑、苯并恶唑基、苯并噻唑基、吲唑基、苯并异恶唑基、苯并异噻唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、二咔唑基、香豆素基、色烯基、菲基、吖啶基、啡啉基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩恶嗪基、氮杂二苯并噻吩基、二氮杂二苯并噻吩基、呫吨基、氮杂咔唑基、氮杂苯并呋喃基、氮杂苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃苯并噻吩基、苯并噻吩苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃萘基、二苯并噻吩萘基、二萘噻吩噻吩苯基、二萘咔唑基、二苯并[b,f]氮杂基、三苯并[b,d,f]氮杂基、二苯并[b,f]氧杂基和三苯并[b,d,f]氧杂基,上述基团的任意异构物及上述基团的任意氘化物。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,式(I)中的G选自于由下列所构成的群组:
其中,o为0至2的整数;m为0-3的整数;n为0-4的整数;p为0-5的整数;
其中,R1至R5各自独立地选自于由下列所构成的群组:氢原子、氘原子、卤基、氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、碳数为1至12的烷基、碳数为2至12的烯基、碳数为2至12的炔基、碳数为3至30的环烷基、碳数为3至30的杂环烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳香基、环上碳数为3至30的杂芳基、碳数为1至40的烷氧基、环上碳数为6至30的芳氧基、碳数为1至40的硅烷基、碳数为6至30的芳硅基、碳数为1至30的硼烷基、碳数为6至30的芳硼基、碳数为1至30的膦基、碳数为1至30的氧膦基。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,在式(I)中,G表示的环上碳数为6至60的杂芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:具有至少一官能基的苯基、具有至少一官能基的联苯基、具有至少一官能基的三联苯基、具有至少一官能基的萘基、具有至少一官能基的菲基、具有至少一官能基的蒽基、具有至少一官能基的苯并蒽基、具有至少一官能基的芴基、具有至少一官能基的基、具有至少一官能基的荧蒽基和上述基团的氘化物。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,在式(I)中,G表示的具有至少一官能基的环上碳数为6至60的芳香基选自于由下列所构成的群组:
其中,r为1至5中的整数;s为0至4中的整数;且r和s的和不超过5;
其中,R1选自于由下列所构成的群组:氘原子、碳数为1至12的烷基、碳数为2至12的烯基、碳数为2至12的炔基、碳数为3至30的环烷基、环上碳数为3至30的杂环烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳香基、环上碳数为3至30的杂芳基、碳数为1至12的烷氧基、环上碳数为6至30的芳氧基、碳数为1至12的硅烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳硅基、碳数为1至12的硼烷基、环上碳数为6至30的芳硼基。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,Y选自于以下所构成的群组:氘原子、苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、菲基、蒽基、苯并蒽基、芴基、基、荧蒽基、氘化苯基、氘化联苯基、氘化三联苯基、氘化萘基、氘化菲基、氘化蒽基、氘化苯并蒽基、氘化芴基、氘化基、氘化荧蒽基。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,b是1至3中的整数,且L选自于由下列所构成的群组:
9.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,[(L)b-G]选自于由下列所构成的群组:
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,该化合物选自于由下列所构成的群组:
11.一种有机电子装置,其特征在于,包括一第一电极,一第二电极,以及一位于第一电极和第二电极之间的有机层,其中,该有机层包括有权利要求1所述的化合物。
12.如权利要求11所述的有机电子装置,其特征在于,该有机电子装置是有机发光二极管。
13.如权利要求12所述的有机电子装置,其特征在于,所述有机发光二极管包括:
一形成于第一电极上的电洞注入层;
一形成于所述电洞注入层上的电洞传输层;
一形成于所述电洞传输层上的发光层;
一形成于所述发光层上的电子传输层,其中,该有机层是该电子传输层;且
一形成于所述电子传输层和所述第二电极之间的电子注入层。
14.如权利要求12所述的有机电子装置,其特征在于,所述有机发光二极管包括:
一形成于第一电极的电洞注入层;
一形成于所述电洞注入层的电洞传输层;
一形成于所述电洞传输层的发光层;
一形成于所述发光层的电洞阻挡层,其中,所述有机层是该电洞阻挡层;
一形成于所述电洞阻挡层的电子传输层;
一形成于所述电子传输层和所述第二电极之间的电子注入层。
15.如权利要求11所述的有机电子装置,其特征在于,所述化合物选自于由下列所构成的群组:
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