CN110571338B - 用于有机电子装置的组合物及使用其的有机电子装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于一种用于有机电子装置的组合物以及一种使用其的有机电子装置,尤指一种作为发光层的材料的包含两种主体化合物的组合物以及使用其的有机电子装置。
背景技术
随着科技的进步,各种使用有机材料制成的有机电子装置蓬勃发展,常见的有机电子装置如有机发光二极管(organic light emitting device,OLED)、有机光敏晶体管(organic phototransistor)、有机光伏打电池(organic photovoltaic cell)和有机光侦测器(organic photodetector)。
OLED最初是由伊士曼柯达公司(Eastman Kodak)所发明并提出,伊士曼柯达公司的邓青云博士和Steven Van Slyke以真空蒸镀法(vacuum evaporation method)于形成有有机芳香二元胺电洞传输层的透明氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)玻璃上沉积一电子传输材料{例如三(8-羟基喹啉)铝[tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III),简称为Alq3]};再于电子传输层上沉积一金属电极,即可完成OLED的制作。OLED因兼具反应速率快、质轻、薄形化、广视角、亮度高、对比高、无需设置背光源以及低耗能的优点,因此备受关注,但OLED仍具有低效率的问题。
为了克服低效率的问题,其中一种改善方式为于阴极和阳极间设置中间层,请参阅图1所示,改良的OLED依序设置有一基板11、一阳极12、一电洞注入层13(hole injectionlayer,HIL)、一电洞传输层14(hole transport layer,HTL)、一发光层15(an emittinglayer,EL)、一电子传输层16(electron transport layer,ETL)、一电子注入层17(electron injection layer,EIL)和一阴极18。当于阳极12和阴极18施加一电压时,由阳极12射出的电洞会穿过HIL和HTL并移动至EL,而由阴极18射出的电子会穿过EIL和ETL移动至EL,使电洞和电子在EL层重组成激子(exciton),当激子由激发态衰退返回基态时即可产生光线。
另一改善方式为采用1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene,TPBi)作为OLED中发光层的主体材料。然而,即使使用了前述发光层材料,OLED的驱动电压和电流效率仍有待改善,因此,本发明提供了一种新颖的组合物以克服现有技术存在的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种用于有机电子装置的组合物。
本发明另提供一种使用该组合物的有机电子装置,藉此降低有机电子装置的驱动电压和提升有机电子装置的电流效率。
为达上述目的,本发明提供一种用于有机电子装置的组合物,其包含第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物。
该第一主体化合物可由下式(I)表示:
于式(I)中,Y是单键、氧原子或硫原子。
于式(I)中,Z1至Z3各自独立为CH,或式(I)中的Z1至Z3中相邻的两者相互连接形成一芳环(aryl ring),且Z1至Z3中剩余的一者为CH;或式(I)中的Z1至Z3中相邻的两者相互连接形成具有至少一呋喃基(furan group)或至少一噻吩基(thiophene group)的一杂芳环(heteroaryl ring),且Z1至Z3中剩余的一者为CH。
于式(I)中,X1至X3中的两者各自为氮原子,且X1至X3中剩余的一者为CH或氮原子。
于式(I)中,L’、L1、和L2各自独立为环上碳数为6至18的芳撑基(arylene group)。L’、L1、和L2彼此相同或不同。
于式(I)中,n’、n1和n2各自独立为0至2的整数。n’、n1和n2彼此相同或不同。
于式(I)中,G1和G2选自于下列所构成的群组:环上碳数为6至18的芳基、环上碳数为6至18的芳氧基(aryloxy group)、环上碳数为6至18的芳硫氧基(arylthioxy group)和包含N、O、或S原子且环上碳数为3至30的杂芳基(heteroaryl group)。G1和G2彼此相同或不同。
该第二主体化合物可由下式(II)表示:
于式(II)中,L3为环上碳数为6至18的芳撑基;n3为0至2的整数。
式(II)中,Q1和Q2各自独立为CH,或式(II)中的Q1和Q2相互连接形成一芳环。
式(II)中,G4和G5选自于下列所构成的群组:环上碳数为6至18的芳基、环上碳数为6至18的芳氧基、环上碳数为6至18的芳硫氧基和包含N原子、O原子、或S原子且环上碳数为3至30的杂芳基。
通过包含三嗪部分(triazine moiety)或嘧啶部分(pyrimidine moiety)的第一主体化合物、以及包含至少二个咔唑部分(carbazole moiety)作为核心骨架的第二主体化合物,所述组合物中的该第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物可形成一激发错体(exciplex)。意即,该第一主体化合物可作为激发错体中的“受电子化合物”(acceptorcompound),而该第二主体化合物可作为激发错体中的“给电子化合物”(donor compound)。因此,所述用于有机电子装置的组合物可降低包含其的有机电子装置的驱动电压并且提升其电流效率。
依据本发明,该第一主体化合物可由下式(I′)所示:
其中,Y、Z1至Z3、X1至X3、L1、L2、n1、n2、G1和G2如上述所定义。
当Y是单键、且Z1至Z3皆为CH时,所述第一主体化合物可以是,例如:
当Y是单键,而Z1至Z3中的相邻两者相互连接形成具有至少一呋喃基的一杂芳环、且Z1至Z3中剩余的一者为CH时,所述第一主体化合物可以是,例如:
就式(I-II)和式(I-III)而言,Z1为CH,而Z2和Z3则相互连接形成一呋喃基。就式(I-VI)和式(I-VII)而言,Z1和Z2相互连接形成一呋喃基,而Z3则为CH。
当Y是单键,而Z1至Z3中的相邻两者相互连接形成具有至少一噻吩基的一杂芳环、且Z1至Z3中剩余的一者为CH时,所述第一主体化合物可以是,例如:
就式(I-IV)和式(I-V)而言,Z1为CH,而Z2和Z3则相互连接形成一噻吩基。就式(I-VIII)和式(I-IX)而言,Z1和Z2相互连接形成一噻吩基,而Z3则为CH。
当Y是氧原子、且Z1至Z3皆为CH时,或是当Y是氧原子、Z1至Z3中的相邻两者相互连接形成一芳环、且Z1至Z3中剩余的一者为CH时,所述第一主体化合物可以是,例如:
就式(I-X)而言,Z1至Z3皆为CH。就式(I-XI)而言,Z1为CH,而Z2和Z3则相互连接形成一萘基。就式(I-XII)而言,Z1和Z2相互连接形成一萘基,而Z3则为CH。
当Y是硫原子、且Z1至Z3皆为CH时,或是当Y是硫原子、Z1至Z3中的相邻两者相互连接形成一芳环、且Z1至Z3中剩余的一者为CH时,所述第一主体化合物可以是,例如:
就式(I-XIII)而言,Z1至Z3皆为CH。就式(I-XIV)而言,Z1为CH,而Z2和Z3则相互连接形成一萘基。就式(I-XV)而言,Z1和Z2相互连接形成一萘基,而Z3则为CH。
较佳的,L’、L1和L2各自独立为苯撑基(phenylene group)。
较佳的,n’是整数0或1。
较佳的,n1和n2各自独立为整数0或1。在一些实施例中,n1和n2皆为整数0。在另一些实施例中,n1和n2皆为整数1。在另一些实施例中,n1为整数1而n2为整数0。在另一些实施例中,n1为整数0而n2为整数1。
具体而言,G1和G2可以是一特定的芳香族取代基(aromatic substitution)。所述特定的芳香族取代基可选自于由下列所构成的群组:
其中,*是键结位置;
p为1至5的整数、m为1至4的整数、n为1至3的整数;以及
A1至A3各自独立选自于由下列所构成的群组:氢原子、氘原子、卤基(halo group)、氰基(cyano group)、硝基(nitro group)、碳数为1至6的烷基、碳数为2至6的烯基和碳数为2至6的炔基。
具体而言,于式(I)或式(I’)中,该第一主体化合物的基团(L1)n1-G1和(L2)n2-G2各自独立选自于由下列所构成的群组:
较佳的,G1和G2表示的环上碳数为6至18的芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:
更佳的,G1和G2表示的环上碳数为6至18的芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:苯基(phenyl group)、萘基(naphthyl group)和3,5-二苯基苯基(3,5-diphenylphenylgroup)。
较佳的,G1和G2表示的包含N原子、O原子、或S原子且环上碳数为3至30的芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:
举例而言,该第一主体化合物可以选自于由下列所构成的群组:
举例而言,该第一主体化合物可以为下列任一化合物:
另外,举例而言,该第一主体化合物亦可为下列任一化合物:
该第一主体化合物也可以是美国发明专利公开案第2017/0213978号、第2017/0213970号、第2018/0159044号、和第2018/0155312号中所揭示的任一化合物。
较佳的,该第二主体化合物如下式(II-I)至(II-III)中任一者所示:
其中,W1和W2各自独立为甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基或苯基。
就式(II-I)而言,Q1和Q2各自独立为CH。就式(II-II)和式(II-III)而言,Q1和Q2相互连接形成一芳环。
较佳的,L3为苯撑基。较佳的,n3是整数0或1。
具体而言,G4和G5可以是一特定的芳香族取代基。所述特定的芳香族取代基可选自于由下列所构成的群组:
p’为1至5的整数、m’为1至4的整数、n’为1至3的整数;以及
A4至A6各自独立选自于由下列所构成的群组:氢原子、氘原子、卤基、氰基、硝基、碳数为1至6的烷基、碳数为2至6的烯基和碳数为2至6的炔基。
较佳的,G4和G5表示的环上碳数为6至18的芳基选自于由下列所构成的群组:苯基、联苯基(biphenylyl group)和萘基。
更佳的,G4和G5各自选自于由下列所构成的群组:
举例而言,该第二主体化合物可选自于由下列所构成的群组:
依据本发明,该第一主体化合物和该第二主体化合物的重量比为3:7至7:3。较佳的,该第一主体化合物和该第二主体化合物的重量比为4:6至6:4。在一些实施例中,该第一主体化合物和该第二主体化合物的重量比为4.5:5.5至5.5:4.5。
在说明书中,L’、L1、L2或L3所指称“环上碳数为6至18的芳撑基”,可以是环上碳数为6至18且未经取代的芳撑基,或是环上碳数为6至18且经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的芳撑基;在该芳撑基上的至少一取代基可选自于由下列所构成的群组:氘原子、卤基、氰基、硝基、碳数为1至12的烷基、碳数为2至12的烯基、碳数为2至12的炔基和碳数为1至12的烷氧基。
在说明书中,所述“芳基”可以是未经取代的芳基或是经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的芳基,该芳基的环上原子皆为碳原子;所述“杂芳基”可以是未经取代的杂芳基或是经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的杂芳基,该杂芳基的环上原子包含碳及其他如氧、硫或氮的杂原子。类似的,所述“芳氧基”可以是未经取代的芳氧基或是经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的芳氧基;所述“芳硫氧基”可以是未经取代的芳硫氧基或是经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的芳硫氧基。
所述在该芳基上的至少一取代基可选自于由下列所构成的群组:氘原子、卤基、氰基、硝基、碳数为1至12的烷基、碳数为2至12的烯基、碳数为2至12的炔基和碳数为1至12的烷氧基。所述在该杂芳基、该芳氧基或该芳硫氧基上的至少一取代基,可与前述在该芳基上的至少一取代基中任一者相似。
在说明书中,所述“烷基”可以是未经取代的烷基或是经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的烷基;所述“烯基”可以是未经取代的烯基或是经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的烯基;所述“炔基”可以是未经取代的炔基或是经至少一除了氢原子之外的取代基取代的炔基;前述烷基、烯基或炔基上的取代基可以是但不限于氘原子。
本发明另提供一种有机电子装置,其包括一第一电极、一第二电极和设置于该第一电极和该第二电极间的一有机层,该有机层包括前述的组合物。
较佳的,该有机电子装置为有机发光二极管。更佳的,该有机电子装置是绿光OLED或红光OLED。较佳的,本发明的组合物可作为发光层的主体材料,特别是作为绿光或红光OLED的主体材料,但并非仅限于此。
具体而言,该OLED包括一形成于该第一电极上的电洞注入层、一形成于该电洞注入层上的电洞传输层、一形成于该电洞传输层上的发光层、一形成于该发光层上的电子传输层和一位于该电子传输层和该第二电极之间的电子注入层。
在一实施例中,所述有机层可为该发光层,也就是说,该发光层包含一第一主体材料,该第一主体材料即为前述包含该第一主体化合物和该第二主体化合物的组合物。
举例而言,该发光层可以是一单层结构或是多层结构,当该发光层为多层结构时(例如该发光层包括一第一发光层和一第二发光层),该第一发光层中的第一主体材料可以包括一前述组合物,该第二发光层中的第二主体材料可以包括另一前述组合物或传统的主体材料化合物。
较佳的,该发光层是由包含所述第一主体化合物(例如化合物I-1至I-75)和第二主体化合物(例如化合物II-1至II-48)的所述组合物所制成。使用所述组合物作为发光层的主体材料的OLED可具有较佳的电流效率和较低的驱动电压。
在另一些实施例中,所述有机层可另包含一掺杂物(dopant)。针对绿光OLED,发光层中的掺杂物可以为二氨基芴(diaminoflourenes)、蒽二胺(diaminoanthracenes)或具有苯基吡啶(phenylpyridine)配位基的二价铱有机金属化合物,但并不仅限于此。针对红光OLED,发光层中的掺杂物可以为具有喹啉(quinoline)配位基、异喹啉(isoquinoline)配位基、荧蒽(fluoranthene)配位基或二茚并(periflanthene)配位基的二价铱有机金属化合物,但并不仅限于此。通过搭配前述各种发光层的主体材料,所述OLED可发出绿光或红光。
较佳的,该电洞注入层可以为一双层结构,即该OLED具有一第一电洞注入层和一第二电洞注入层,第一电洞注入层和第二电洞注入层设置于所述第一电极和所述电洞传输层之间。
所述第一和第二电洞注入层可由聚苯胺(polyaniline)或聚乙烯基二氧噻吩(polyethylenedioxythiophene)所制成,但并不仅限于此。
较佳的,所述电洞传输层亦可以为一双层结构,即该OLED具有一第一电洞传输层和一第二电洞传输层,第一电洞传输层和第二电洞传输层设置于所述双层电洞注入层与所述发光层之间。
所述第一和第二电洞传输层可由N,N'-(4,4'-二联苯基)二(N1-(1-萘基))-N,N'-联苯基苯-1,4-二胺[N1,N1'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4,N4'-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine)]或N,N'-二联苯基-N,N'-二(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺[N4,N4'-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4,N4'-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine,NPB]所制成,但并不仅限于此。
较佳的,该OLED包括一电洞阻挡层,该电洞阻挡层形成于所述电子传输层和所述发光层之间,可防止电洞由所述发光层移动至所述电子传输层,所述电洞阻挡层可由2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline,BCP)或2,3,5,6-四甲基苯基-1,4-邻苯二甲酰亚胺(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-phenyl-1,4-(bis-phthalimide),TMPP)所形成,但并不仅限于此。
较佳的,该OLED包括一电子阻挡层,该电子阻挡层形成于所述电洞传输层和所述发光层之间,可防止电子由所述发光层移动至所述电洞传输层,所述电子阻挡层可由9,9'-(1,1'-联苯基)-4,4'-二基二-9H-咔唑(9,9'-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbis-9H-carbazole,CBP)或4,4',4″-三(N-咔唑基)三苯胺(4,4',4″-tri(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine,TCTA)所形成,但并不仅限于此。
当OLED设置有电洞阻挡层和/或电子阻挡层时,前述OLED相较于传统的OLED具有较高的发光效率。
较佳的,该电子传输层是由例如3,3′-[5′-[3-(3-吡啶基)苯基][1,1′:3′,1″-三联苯]-3,3″-二基]联吡啶((3,3′-(5′-(3-(3-Pyridinyl)phenyl)(1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl)-3,3″-diyl)bispyridine,TmPyPb)、3-(4-联苯基)-5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-4-苯基-4H-1,2,4-三嗪(3-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole,TAZ)、三(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)硼烷(tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane,3TPYMB)、1,3-联(3,5-二吡啶-3-基-苯基)苯(1,3-bis(3,5-dipyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene,BmPyPb)和9,10-二(3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)蒽(9,10-bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)anthracene,DPyPA),但并非仅限于此。
所述电子注入层可由一电子注入材料制成,例如8-氧代萘-1-基锂((8-oxidonaphthalen-1-yl)lithium(II)),但并非仅限于此。
所述第一电极可以为氧化铟锡电极(indium-doped tin oxide electrode),但并不仅限于此。
所述第二电极的功函数(work function)低于第一电极的功函数。因此,第二电极可以是但不局限于铝电极、铟电极或镁电极。
本发明的其他目的、功效和技术特征,会以图式、实施例和比较例进行更详细的说明。
附图说明
图1为OLED的侧视剖面图。
图2为化合物I-4、II-2和组合物16的光致发光图谱。
附图标号说明:
11基板 12阳极
13电洞注入层 14电洞传输层
15发光层 16电子传输层
17电子注入层 18阴极
具体实施方式
以下列举数个实施例作为例示说明本发明的用于有机电子装置的组合物及使用其的有机电子装置的实施方式,以突显本发明相较于现有技术的差异;熟习此技艺者可经由本说明书的内容轻易了解本发明所能达成的优点与功效,并且于不悖离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰与变更,以施行或应用本发明的内容。
用于有机电子装置的组合物的第一主体化合物
表1:第一主体化合物的化学结构
合成化合物I-1至化合物I-15及化合物I-28
做为第一主体化合物的化合物I-1和化合物I-2可通过下述步骤合成,其合成路径统整于合成机制R1中。
合成机制R1;
化合物I-1和化合物I-2可分别采用中间物C2和中间物C1并依照美国发明专利公开案第2017/0213978号所记载的化合物VII和化合物VI的合成方法所获得。
此外,化合物I-7同样可依照美国发明专利公开案第2017/0213978号所记载的化合物III的合成方法所获得。所述合成方法与使用中间物C1的合成机制R1的合成方法类似,但差异在于采用4-氯-2,6-二苯基嘧啶(4-chloro-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine,CASNo.29509-91-9)取代2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine,CAS No.3842-55-5)。
就化合物I-3至化合物I-6、化合物I-8至化合物I-15以及化合物I-28而言,可通过类似于合成机制R1的合成方法,各别采用中间物C1或中间物C2、以及其他用于取代2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪的包含三嗪环或嘧啶环的反应物,即可获得前述化合物。所述用于合成化合物I-3至化合物I-6、化合物I-8至化合物I-15以及化合物I-28的特定的包含三嗪环或嘧啶环的反应物及中间物C1或中间物C2分别列于表2-1;此外,化合物I-3至化合物I-6、化合物I-8至化合物I-15以及化合物I-28以FD-MS作鉴定,且其化学结构式、产率、分子式和FD-MS分析而得的质量列于表2-1中;另外,化合物I-3至化合物I-6、化合物I-8至化合物I-15以及化合物I-28以氢核磁共振(1H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H-NMR)做鉴定,并将1H-NMR图谱结果列于表2-2中。
用于合成化合物I-10的反应物的制备
合成机制R1-1;
将1.0当量的二苯并呋喃-1-硼酸(dibenzo[b,d]furan-1-ylboronic acid)、1.1当量的2,4-二氯-6-(D5)苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4-dichloro-6-(D5)phenyl-1,3,5-triazine)、0.015当量的三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯[tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0),Pd2(dba)3]、和三苯基膦(triphenylphosphine,PPh3)置于0.5M的二甲醚(methoxymethane,DME)与2.0M的碳酸钠水溶液(Na2CO3(aq))的混合溶液中并搅拌之;前述反应溶液加热至约65℃至70℃,并于氮气环境下搅拌24小时。待反应完成后,将水和甲苯加入前述反应溶液中使反应溶液分层;接着,萃取出的有机层以硫酸钠干燥,并以减压蒸馏去除有机层中的溶剂,再将残留物以甲醇清洗,最后可得白色固体产物,即为其产率为80%。FD-MS分析结果:C21H7D5ClN3O,检测值362.82。
表2-1:合成各化合物I-3至化合物I-6、化合物I-8至化合物I-15以及化合物I-28使用的中间物、反应物及其CAS编号、化学结构式、产率、分子式与以FD-MS分析所得质量
表2-2:化合物I-3至化合物I-6、化合物I-8至化合物I-15及化合物I-28的H1-NMR结果
合成化合物I-16至化合物I-19及化合物I-27
做为第一主体化合物的化合物I-16至I-19和I-27可通过下述步骤合成,其合成路径统整于合成机制R2中。
合成机制R2;
中间物C1’和中间物C2’可将美国发明专利公开案第2017/0213970号的中间物D1和中间物D2再进行铃木反应(Suzuki-Miyaura reaction)后所获得。
将1.0当量的中间物C1’/中间物C2’、1.2当量的反应物Bn、0.01当量的乙酸钯(Palladium(II)acetate,Pd(OAc)2)和0.04当量的2-(二环己基膦基)联苯(dicyclohexylphosphine(2-biphenyl),P(Cy)2(2-biPh))置于0.5M的甲苯/乙醇(体积比为10:1)与3.0M的碳酸钾水溶液的混合溶液中并搅拌之;前述反应溶液加热至约100℃并于氮气环境下搅拌12小时。待反应完成后,将水和甲苯加入前述反应溶液中使反应溶液分层;接着,萃取出的有机层以硫酸钠干燥,并以减压蒸馏去除有机层中的溶剂后利用硅胶管柱层析纯化残留物,再以甲苯再结晶得到白色固体产物即为化合物I-16至化合物I-19或化合物I-27。
就化合物I-16至化合物I-19以及化合物I-27而言,可通过合成机制R2的合成方法,各别采用中间物C1’或中间物C2’、以及包含三嗪环或嘧啶环的反应物Bn,即可获得前述化合物。所述用于合成化合物I-16至化合物I-19以及化合物I-27的中间物C1’或中间物C2’和特定的包含三嗪环或嘧啶环的反应物及Bn分别列于表3-1;此外,化合物I-16至化合物I-19以及化合物I-27以FD-MS作鉴定,且其化学结构式、产率、分子式和FD-MS分析而得的质量同样列于表3-1中;另外,化合物I-16至化合物I-19以及化合物I-27以1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)做鉴定,并将1H-NMR图谱结果列于表3-2中。
表3-1:化合物I-16至化合物I-19以及化合物I-27使用的中间物、反应物及其CASNo.、化学结构式、产率、分子式与以FD-MS分析所得质量
表3-2:化合物I-16至化合物I-19以及化合物I-27的H1-NMR结果
合成化合物I-20至化合物I-23
做为第一主体化合物的化合物I-20至化合物I-23可通过下述步骤合成,其合成路径统整于合成机制R3中。
合成机制R3;
化合物I-20至化合物I-23可分别依照美国发明专利公开案第2018/0159044号所记载的化合物V、化合物IX、化合物XIX和化合物VII的合成方法所获得,其各自采用前述的中间物C1-B、中间物C2-B、中间物C7-B和中间物C3-B。
合成化合物I-24至化合物I-26
做为第一主体化合物的化合物I-24和化合物I-25可通过下述步骤合成,其合成路径统整于合成机制R4中。
合成机制R4;
化合物I-24和化合物I-25可分别依照美国发明专利公开案第2018/0155312号所记载的化合物VI和化合物VII的合成方法所获得,其各自采用前述的中间物D1-B和中间物D4-B。
此外,化合物I-26同样可依照美国发明专利公开案第2018/0155312号所记载的化合物III的合成方法所获得。所述合成方法与使用中间物D1-B的合成机制R4的合成方法类似,但差异在于采用4-氯-2,6-二苯基嘧啶取代2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪。
用于有机电子装置的组合物的第二主体化合物
表4:第二主体化合物的化学结构及其CAS编号
用于有机电子装置的组合物的制备
通过采用适当含量的表1中所列的第一主体化合物和表4中所列的第二主体化合物配制而得组合物1至组合物51,而组合物1至组合物51中各自采用的第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的种类列于表5中。
在组合物1至组合物47中,其第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的重量比皆为1:1;在组合物48至组合物50中,其第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的重量比皆为6:4;而在组合物51,其第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的重量比为4:6。
另外,组合物52和组合物53分别采用TPBi和化合物II-2的组合或TPBi和化合物II-1的组合配制而得。
表5:组合物1至53中的第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物及其之间的重量比
光致发光图谱(photoluminescence spectra,PL图谱)的分析
将厚度为的玻璃基板以丙酮和异丙醇进行清洗。于真空度维持在1x10-6托耳(torr)的环境下,分别将表1中的化合物I-1至化合物I-28、表4中的化合物II-1至化合物II-4、以及表5中的组合物1至组合物53各自沉积于一玻璃基板,以制得化合物I-1至化合物I-28、化合物II-1至化合物II-4、以及组合物1至组合物53的PL试片。
其中,组合物2、8、9、13、14、16、17、19、28至39、42、43、45至47和52、以及前述组合物各自使用的第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的PL试片以荧光分光光谱仪(型号:Hitachi Fl-7000)进行量测并获得各组PL图谱。各组PL图谱中,前述各组合物及其第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的最大放光波长(the wavelength at emission maximum,λmax)整理于表6中。
另外,组合物16及其包含的化合物I-4和化合物II-2经量测而得到的PL图谱如图2所示。
表6:组合物及其使用的第一主体化合物、第二主体化合物的编号、及其各自的λmax
如表6和图2所示,于各组PL图谱中,组合物2、8、9、13、14、16、17、19、28至39、42、43、45至47的λmax相较于其各自包含的第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的λmax,皆明显出现红移(red shift)至较长波长范围的现象。然而,组合物52的λmax的红移程度明显小于组合物2、8、9、13、14、16、17、19、28至39、42、43、45至47的λmax的红移程度。据此可证,各组合物2、8、9、13、14、16、17、19、28至39、42、43、45至47中的第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物皆形成激发错体。
OLED装置的制备
将涂布有厚ITO层的玻璃基板(以下简称为ITO基板)置于含有洗洁剂(厂牌:Fischer Co.)的蒸馏水(以Millipore Co.公司的滤器过滤二次而得的蒸馏水)中,并以超音波震荡30分钟;更换蒸馏水后再以超音波震荡10分钟以洗净ITO基板,并重复上述洗净步骤一次;洗净后,将前述玻璃基板以异丙醇、丙酮和甲醇以超音波震荡洗净,并使之干燥;接着,将玻璃基板置于电浆表面清洁机内,并以氧电浆清洁玻璃基板5分钟,再将清洁后的玻璃基板置于真空蒸镀机内。
之后,将真空蒸镀机的真空度维持在1x10-6torr至3x10-7torr,并于ITO基板上依序沉积各种有机材料和金属材料,并获得实施例1至43以及比较例1和2的OLED装置。于此,该ITO基板上依序沉积有第一电洞注入层(HIL-1)、第二电洞注入层(HIL-2)、电洞传输层(HTL)、绿光/红光发光层(GEL/REL)、电子传输层(ETL)、电子注入层(EIL)和阴极(Cthd)。
其中,HI是用于形成HIL-1和HIL-2的材料;HI-D是用于形成HIL-1的材料;HT是用于形成HT的材料;ET是用于形成ETL的材料;Liq是用于形成ETL和EIL的材料;所述组合物1至53各自是用于形成GEL/REL的主体材料(GH/RH),GD和RD各自是用于形成GEL/REL的掺杂物。
实施例的OLED装置和比较例的OLED装置最大的差异为比较例OLED装置中GEL/REL的主体材料是以包含TPBi的组合物52和53所制成,而实施例的OLED装置中GEL/REL的主体材料是以表5中的本发明的组合物1至51制成,上述商用材料的具体化学结构列于表7。
表7:商用OLED材料的化学结构
绿光OLED装置的制备
绿光OLED装置包括复数有机层,该等有机层依照表8中的次序沉积于ITO基板上,各有机层的材料和厚度亦列于表8中。
表8:绿光OLED装置中各有机层的涂布顺序、材料和厚度
红光OLED装置的制备
红光OLED装置包括复数有机层,该等有机层依照表9中的次序沉积于ITO基板上,各有机层的材料和厚度亦列于表9中。
表9:红光OLED装置中各有机层的涂布顺序、材料和厚度
OLED装置的效能
1.色度坐标、驱动电压和电流效率
为了评估OLED装置的效能,分别将绿光和红光OLED装置连接于电源供应器(厂牌:Keithley;型号:2400),并以PR650的亮度计检测,所测得的色度以为国际照明委员会(Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage 1931,CIE)制定的色度坐标(colorcoordinate(x,y))示之,检测结果列于表10和表11中。其中,绿光OLED装置是在9000尼特(1nit=1cd/m2)的亮度下检测,红光OLED装置是在3000尼特的亮度下检测。
通过以下方法测量实施例1至43和比较例1和2的OLED装置的特性。
(1)根据电压的变化测量电流密度的变化
使用所述电源将电压从0伏特(V)增加到6.2V,并测量所述OLED装置于各电压下对应获得的电流值。
(2)根据电压的变化测量亮度的变化
使用所述电源将电压从0V增加到6.2V,并使用所述亮度计测量所述OLED装置于各电压下对应获得的亮度。
(3)电流效率的量测
电流效率(单位:cd/A)是由前述项目(1)和(2)获得的亮度和电流密度计算而得。
(4)色度坐标(x,y)的量测
色度坐标以CIE色度决定;所述OLED装置将电压从0V增加到6.2V,并使用所述亮度计纪录其CIE(x,y)。
组合物1至4、6、8、9、11、15、18、20至29、31、33、35至38、40至43、45至51分别做为实施例1至37的绿光OLED装置的发光层中的主体材料(GH)。组合物53则做为比较例1的绿光OLED装置的发光层中的主体材料。实施例1至37和比较例1的OLED装置的GH和特性列于表10中。
表10:实施例1至37和比较例1的OLED装置的GH材料、CIE、驱动电压和电流效率
组合物5、7、10、12、19和44分别做为实施例38至43的红光OLED装置的发光层中的主体材料(RH)。组合物53则做为比较例2的红光OLED装置的发光层中的主体材料。实施例38至43和比较例2的OLED装置的RH和特性列于表11中。
表11:实施例38至43和比较例2的OLED装置的RH材料、CIE、驱动电压和电流效率
2.寿命测试(T95)
依据OLED寿命测试系统(Chroma model 58131)进行寿命测试(T95)。寿命T95是以当所述OLED装置的亮度相对于初始亮度下降至95%时所需的时间做为定义,其中,绿光OLED装置是在7000尼特的亮度下进行测试,红光OLED装置是在6000尼特的亮度下进行测试。
将实施例1至7、12、13、18、29至34、36和37的绿光OLED装置中做为GH的组合物以及其寿命测试(T95)结果列于表12。
表12:绿光OLED装置的实施例编号、其GH的组合物编号及其寿命测试结果
将实施例的38、39、41、43的红光OLED装置中做为RH的组合物以及其寿命测试(T95)结果列于表13。
表13:红光OLED装置的实施例编号、其RH的组合物编号及其寿命测试结果
根据上述实验结果,相较于包含商用的主体材料的组合物53做为绿光发光层中的主体材料,采用本发明的组合物1至4、6、8、9、11、15、18、20至29、31、33、35至38、40至43、45至51做为绿光发光层中的主体材料时,可降低所述绿光OLED装置的驱动电压并改善其电流效率。相似地,相较于包含商用的主体材料的组合物53做为红光发光层中的主体材料,采用本发明的组合物5、7、10、12、19和44做为红光发光层中的主体材料时,可降低所述红光OLED装置的驱动电压并改善其电流效率。
更甚者,采用本发明的组合物1至4、6、8、9、21、22、27、42、43、45至48、50和51做为绿光发光层中的主体材料时,还可延长所述绿光OLED装置的使用寿命。相似地,采用本发明的组合物5、7、12和44做为红光发光层中的主体材料时,同样可延长所述红光OLED装置的使用寿命。
原因应在于,与比较例的TPBi相比,特定的第一主体化合物具有合适的最低未占分子轨域(LUMO)能阶,因此能更好地向发光层注入电子,而使致使用其的所述OLED装置所需的驱动电压较低。此外,特定的第一主体化合物和第二主体化合物的搭配各自形成如表6所示的激发错体,而这样的发光机制可有效地使用激子而获得高效率的OLED装置。
由此可证,本发明的组合物适合做为主体材料添加于绿光OLED装置和红光OLED装置中,并可让使用其的OLED装置达到降低驱动电压和改善电流效率、甚至延长使用寿命的功效。
上述实施例仅为说明本发明的例示,并非于任何方面限制本发明所主张的权利范围,所属技术领域的一般技术人员能根据本发明的精神针对例如取代基的数量、位置或排列加以调整。本发明所主张的权利范围自应以权利要求书所述为准,而非仅限于上述具体实施例。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于有机电子装置的组合物,其包括:
一第一主体化合物,其如下式(I-I)至(I-XVI)中任一者所示:
一第二主体化合物,其如下式(II-I)所示:
式(II-I)中的L3为环上碳数为6至18的芳撑基;n3为0至2的整数;以及
式(II-I)中的G4和G5选自于下列所构成的群组:环上碳数为6至18的芳基、环上碳数为6至18的芳氧基、环上碳数为6至18的芳硫氧基、和包含N原子、O原子、或S原子且环上碳数为3至30的杂芳基。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述第一主体化合物和所述第二主体化合物的重量比为3:7至7:3。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,L3为苯撑基。
8.一种有机电子装置,其包括一第一电极、一第二电极和设置于该第一电极和该第二电极间的一有机层,其中,所述有机层包括如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的有机电子装置,其中,该有机电子装置为一有机发光二极管。
10.如权利要求9所述的有机电子装置,其中,所述有机发光二极管包括:
一电洞注入层,其形成于所述第一电极上;
一电洞传输层,其形成于所述电洞注入层上;
一发光层,其形成于所述电洞传输层上,所述发光层包含如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物;
一电子传输层,其形成于所述发光层上;和
一电子注入层,其形成于所述电子传输层和所述第二电极之间。
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2019
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- 2019-06-03 US US16/429,594 patent/US20190372016A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2019-06-03 US US16/429,563 patent/US20190372015A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-06-04 CN CN201910482238.5A patent/CN110571338B/zh active Active
- 2019-06-04 CN CN201910482237.0A patent/CN110563707A/zh active Pending
- 2019-06-04 JP JP2019104392A patent/JP6771785B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2019-06-04 TW TW108119389A patent/TWI699357B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2019-06-05 CN CN201910485320.3A patent/CN110563638A/zh active Pending
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CN105679946A (zh) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-15 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 有机光电装置和显示装置 |
CN107011248A (zh) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-04 | 彩丰精技股份有限公司 | 化合物及其有机电子装置 |
TW201807855A (zh) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-03-01 | 南韓商Lg化學股份有限公司 | 有機發光裝置 |
CN107698570A (zh) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-16 | 彩丰精技股份有限公司 | 化合物及其有机电子装置 |
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US11183641B2 (en) | 2021-11-23 |
US20190372016A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
KR102243851B1 (ko) | 2021-04-23 |
JP2020025080A (ja) | 2020-02-13 |
JP6771785B2 (ja) | 2020-10-21 |
TW202003478A (zh) | 2020-01-16 |
KR20190138611A (ko) | 2019-12-13 |
CN110563662A (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
TWI699357B (zh) | 2020-07-21 |
CN110563638A (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
KR20190138615A (ko) | 2019-12-13 |
KR20190138613A (ko) | 2019-12-13 |
US20190372015A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
CN110571338A (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
KR102259757B1 (ko) | 2021-06-02 |
US20190367491A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
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