CN110521678B - Method for large-scale aphid feeding by utilizing co-inhabitation of ants and aphids - Google Patents
Method for large-scale aphid feeding by utilizing co-inhabitation of ants and aphids Download PDFInfo
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- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of insect feeding, and particularly discloses a method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of ants and aphids, which comprises the following steps: tobacco seedling culture; tobacco cultivation, namely establishing bridging among tobacco plants after transplanting; the tobacco is inoculated with aphids and then is put into a net room for feeding; obtaining ant colony and cutting off the escape path of the ants; transplanting ant colony and building ant bridge: transferring the ant colony in the ant feeding container into an aphid breeding net room, and building an ant bridge to connect tobacco plants, wherein the ant bridge is detachably connected between the ant feeding container and the tobacco plants; breeding natural enemy insects; and (4) removing the ant colony, namely disconnecting the ant bridge between the ant feeding container and the tobacco plant at night when the ant colony needs to be removed. The invention solves the problems of small individual, low survival rate and weak constitution of the conventional aphid feeding, promotes the rapid amplification of the aphid population and improves the quality of the aphid population.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of insect feeding, in particular to a method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing ant-aphid co-inhabitation.
Background
Biological control is one of the main technologies for green control of agricultural and forestry pests, and natural enemy insects are the basis of biological control, so the importance of the natural enemy insects is self-evident. The large-scale breeding of the natural enemy insects is a core technology of biological control, and currently, the large-scale breeding technology of the natural enemy insects generally adopts a three-level breeding technology system 'host plant-prey-natural enemy', so prey breeding is the key of natural enemy insect breeding.
Predatory ladybug and aphidiidae are two main natural enemies for controlling aphids, a large amount of aphid preys are needed for large-scale breeding of predatory ladybug and aphidiidae, and Myzus persicae is a commonly used aphid prey at present. The conventional myzus persicae breeding technology is mainly characterized in that a certain amount of myzus persicae is inoculated on tobacco seedlings, and the myzus persicae is naturally propagated under the conditions of proper temperature, humidity and illumination. In order to prevent natural enemies of myzus persicae and wind and rain from damaging aphids in nature, the myzus persicae is generally bred in a greenhouse or a net room with isolation and rain sheltering measures, so that the death rate of the myzus persicae is reduced.
The ants are symbiotic organisms of aphid insects, and the aphid excreta honeydew can provide sugar for the ants, improve the reproductive rate after the ants and contribute to the expansion of ant colony; ants can also help aphids to excrete honeydew, promote the development of aphids and improve the survival rate and the reproductive rate of the aphids. However, in the conventional myzus persicae breeding technology, the connection between myzus persicae and ants is broken in closed spaces such as a net room. The aphid honeydew is not smoothly excreted, so that the pressure is exerted on the physiological metabolism of the aphids, and the discharged honeydew cannot be cleaned by ants to pollute tobacco seedlings, influence the photosynthesis of the tobacco seedlings, deteriorate the feeding quality of the aphids and further influence the growth of the aphids. Therefore, the aphids bred by the conventional technology are generally smaller than individual aphids in nature, have low survival rate, weak constitution, sensitivity to environmental change and prominent sudden population reduction and death phenomenon, and restrict the artificial breeding of predatory ladybug and aphidiidae natural enemy insects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-habitation of ant aphids, so as to solve the problems of small individuals, low survival rate and weak constitution of the conventional aphid feeding, promote the rapid amplification of aphid population and improve the quality of the aphid population.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of ants and aphids comprises the following steps:
s1: tobacco seedling culture;
s2: tobacco cultivation, namely transplanting tobacco, and establishing bridging among tobacco plants after transplanting;
s3: inoculating aphids to tobacco leaves, and then putting the tobacco inoculated with the aphids into a net room for feeding;
s4: obtaining ant colony, transferring the ants and the ant nests into an ant raising container, recovering the ant nests in the container, and cutting off the escape path of the ants;
s5: transplanting ant colony and building ant bridge: transferring the ant colony in the ant feeding container into an aphid breeding net room, and building an ant bridge to connect tobacco plants, wherein the ant bridge is detachably connected between the ant feeding container and the tobacco plants;
s6: when natural enemy insects are raised, the ant colony is removed when the ladybug is fed by aphids or parasitic bees are inoculated;
s7: and (4) removing the ant colony, namely disconnecting the ant bridge between the ant feeding container and the tobacco plant at night when the ant colony needs to be removed.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: in the technical scheme, the method of breeding in the net room is adopted after the tobacco is inoculated with the aphids, so that the aphids can be prevented from flying out or external insects can be prevented from entering the net room; through introducing the ant colony in the aphid breeding net room and establishing the ant bridge between the aphid breeding container and the ant colony, the ants can realize the co-inhabitation breeding with the aphids through the ant bridge, and the problem that the ants and the aphids are separated in the traditional breeding room is broken. The aphid excrement honeydew can provide sugar for ants, improve the reproductive rate after the ants and contribute to the expansion of ant colonies; ants can also help aphids to excrete honeydew, promote the development of aphids and improve the survival rate and the reproductive rate of the aphids. In addition, in the growth process of aphids, honeydew capable of discharging aphids can pollute tobacco leaf surfaces, but through the introduction of ant colonies, ants can eat honeydew on the leaf surfaces, so that tobacco soot diseases caused by honeydew pollution are reduced, the aphids are guaranteed to have sufficient and healthy food sources, and the growth of the aphids is reversely promoted. Because the arranged ant bridge is detachably connected between the ant feeding container and the tobacco plant, ants can realize co-habitation with aphids through the ant bridge, so that the ant bridge and the aphids have relatively independent living spaces, the mutual promotion effect of co-habitation of the ants and the aphids is realized, and the quality of aphid population is improved.
Further, in S2, after the tobacco grows to the seedling stage, the tobacco is planted when the plant is 6-8 cm high.
In the technical scheme, the survival rate of the tobacco can be ensured by transplanting the tobacco after the tobacco grows to the seedling stage.
Further, in S2, the "bridging" is performed by connecting hemp ropes between tobacco plants.
Among this technical scheme, realize the connection between the tobacco plant through the rope made of hemp, the surface of rope made of hemp is crude relatively for the insect is great along rope made of hemp removal in-process frictional force, avoids appearing the phenomenon of skidding, in addition, connects convenient the dismantlement through the rope made of hemp, and the rope made of hemp is cheap easily, has reduced the experiment cost.
Further, in S4, the ant escape path is cut off by coating a release agent in the ant feeding container and placing a water tray at the bottom of the ant feeding container.
In the technical scheme, as the ants find and identify paths through the odor in the moving process, the odor identification of the ants can be cut off by coating the separant in the ant feeding container so as to prevent the ants from escaping; in addition, the tray filled with water is arranged at the bottom of the ant feeding container, so that even if ants escape to the outside of the ant feeding container, the ants can be blocked by the tray filled with water, and the ant feeding container further plays a role in preventing the ants from escaping.
Further, the separant is 95% alcohol mixed with talcum powder.
In the proposal, the dissolubility of the talcum powder can be ensured by dissolving the talcum powder by the alcohol, so that the lubricating effect of the dissolved talcum powder is exerted, the smoothness inside the ant feeding container is improved, and the ant escape is avoided.
Further, in S4, food and water are placed in the ant feeding container during the ant nest restoring period.
Among this technical scheme, can accelerate the ant speed of restoreing the nest through placing food and water, guarantee that the ant can adapt to new environment normal growth fast after the ant nest is transplanted.
Further, after both the food and the water are placed in the petri dish, the food and the water are placed in the ant feeding container together with the petri dish.
Among this technical scheme, place again after container splendid attire food and water in the soil of container is raised to the ant, avoid food direct and soil contact to the difficult clearance of mould proof.
Further, in S5, the ant bridge is constructed in the following manner: a bamboo pole is inserted in the middle of the ant breeding container, and hemp ropes are connected between the bamboo pole and the tobacco plants.
In the technical scheme, the bamboo poles play a supporting role, so that the hemp ropes can be effectively connected between the ant feeding container and the tobacco plants; the surface of the hemp rope is relatively rough, so that the insect can move along the hemp rope with large friction force to avoid the phenomenon of slipping, in addition, the hemp rope is connected for convenient disassembly, and the hemp rope is cheap and easy to obtain, thereby reducing the cost.
Furthermore, 4-5 tobacco plants are connected to each ant feeding container.
In the technical scheme, each ant feeding container (ant colony) and 4-5 tobacco plants are connected to form a proper population co-habitat ratio.
Further, in S5, when the tobacco plant is not suitable for connecting the twine, a connecting rod is inserted into the tobacco plant cultivation container, and the twine is connected between the bamboo pole and the connecting rod.
In this technical scheme, when the tobacco plant is healthy and strong inadequately, when being inadequately connected the twine, the accessible is inserted and is established the connecting rod and realize indirect connection, convenient operation, when needs remove the ant crowd in addition, also dismantles easily.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-habitation of ant aphids according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the ant feeding container and the tray in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: tobacco plant 1, ant feeding container 2, ant nest 3, tray 4, bamboo pole 5, hemp rope 6, screw hole 7, supporting table 8, annular baffle 9, water leakage opening 10, plugging rubber plug 11, screw thread post 12, pull ring 13.
The myzus persicae feeding experiment is divided into two treatments: the aphid commensalism treatment group and the conventional breeding treatment group are provided with 3 repetitions in each treatment group, 10 tobacco seedlings are repeated in each treatment group, the ant population is Botrytis japonica (Camponotus japonicus), the population number is 1, and 123 worker ants are planted after the ant population. The temperature of the environment for feeding is 28 ℃, the relative humidity is 75%, and the illumination L: D is 8: 16. The height of the tobacco seedling is 1.5 m.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for feeding aphids by the ant-aphid commensal treatment group comprises the following steps:
s1: tobacco seedling raising is carried out according to conventional tobacco seedling raising measures, and the process is not repeated herein;
s2: tobacco cultivation, namely transplanting tobacco seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 8cm after the tobacco seedlings are in a seedling stage, transplanting 1 tobacco seedling in each pot by taking flowerpots with the diameter of 35cm and the depth of 40cm, and filling nutrient soil in the pots; the basins are connected by a hemp rope 6 with the diameter of 1 cm;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) inoculating aphids to tobacco, when the transplanted tobacco grows to the plant height of 40cm, inoculating aphids, placing tobacco leaves with the aphids on the tobacco to be inoculated with the aphids, enabling the aphids to be freely transferred and diffused, and placing the tobacco for raising the aphids in a net room to prevent the aphids from flying out or prevent external insects from entering the net room;
s4: obtaining ant colony, namely, using soil-inhabiting ants such as Camponotus japonicus, the ants adopted in the embodiment find the nest of the Camponotus japonicus through a tracking method, digging, and moving all the ants and the nest soil into the ant feeding container 2 as much as possible, wherein the ant feeding container 2 in the embodiment is a 20L accommodating barrel (the upper part of the accommodating barrel is provided with an opening), and then, 95% alcohol mixed talcum powder is coated in the barrel wall of the accommodating barrel to prevent the ants from escaping; a bamboo rod 5 with the length of 1m and the diameter of 2cm is inserted into the positive center of the containing barrel, then the containing barrel is placed in a tray 4 filled with soap water, so as to further prevent ants from escaping, in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, an inwards concave threaded hole 7 is formed in the bottom of the containing barrel, a supporting table 8 is integrally formed and fixed at the center of the bottom of the tray 4, a threaded column 12 capable of being in threaded connection with the threaded hole 7 is fixedly connected at the center of the top of the supporting table 8, and the containing barrel and the tray 4 can be conveniently mounted and dismounted through the arrangement of the threaded hole 7 and the threaded column 12; in addition, an inclined annular partition plate 9 is fixedly connected between the circumferential outer edge of the support platform 8 and the inner side wall of the tray 4, the high end of the annular partition plate 9 is fixedly connected with the outer edge of the support platform 8, the bottom end of the annular partition plate 9 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tray 4, the annular partition plate 9, the support platform 8, the bottom wall of the tray 4 and the side wall of the tray 4 jointly enclose a containing cavity, a water leakage port 10 is formed in the lower end of the annular partition plate 9, a plugging rubber plug 11 is inserted at the position of the water leakage port 10, and a pull ring 13 is integrally connected with the top of the plugging rubber plug 11, and the lower part of the tray 4 is provided with a drainage port, a plugging rubber plug 11 is also inserted at the drainage port, under the initial state, the threaded column 12 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole 7 to realize the connection and fixation between the ant feeding container and the tray 4, plugging rubber plugs 11 are inserted into the drainage port and the water leakage port 10, and soapy water is positioned above the annular partition plate 9; then standing for 4 days to recover the ant nest 3 of the Japanese bow-back ants in the accommodating barrel; during the period, a proper amount of bread crumbs are placed according to the situation, a piece of sponge soaked with water is placed, food and water are placed in a culture dish, the culture dish containing the food and the water is placed on the soil of the ant nest and is not directly placed on the soil, so that the mildew is prevented, and the cleaning is difficult;
s5: transplanting the ant colony and building an ant bridge, after the ant colony in the containing barrel is stable, moving the ant colony together with the containing barrel and the tray 4 into an aphid breeding net room, tying one end of a hemp rope 6 with the diameter of 1cm to a bamboo pole 5 in the center of the ant nest 3, and tying the other end of the hemp rope to the tobacco plant 1; if the tobacco plants 1 are not suitable for tying the hemp ropes 6, inserting a connecting rod into the tobacco planting pot, tying the hemp ropes 6 between the connecting rod and the bamboo poles 5, and connecting five pots of the tobacco plants 1 with one ant nest 3 through the hemp ropes 6;
s6: feeding natural enemy insects according to a conventional myzus persicae feeding technology, and removing ant colonies when ladybug is fed by aphids or parasitic wasps are inoculated;
s7: removing the ant colony, namely disconnecting the hemp ropes 6 between the ant nest 3 and the tobacco seedlings at night and moving the ant nest 3, the accommodating barrel and the tray 4 out of the net room if the ant colony needs to be removed, and when removing the accommodating barrel and the tray 4, firstly, an operator pulls out the plugging rubber plug 11 plugged on the water leaking port 10 through the pull ring 13, so that soapy water on the annular partition plate 9 falls into the accommodating cavity along the water leaking port 10, and the problem that the soapy water splashes outwards in the process of transferring the tray 4 is avoided; then the containing cylinder is rotated, so that the threaded column 12 is screwed out of the threaded hole 7, the ant feeding container and the tray 4 can be detached, the ant feeding container and the tray 4 can be separated and transferred, the operation is convenient, after the tray 4 is removed from the net room, an operator can pull out the plugging rubber plug 11 plugged at the drainage port, and soapy water in the containing cavity flows out along the drainage port, so that the uniform collection and recovery of the soapy water are realized; after the ant nest is shifted out the net indoor, accessible screw hole 7 and screw post 12 will hold a section of thick bamboo and tray 4 again and be connected to plugging up the mouth of a river 10 and the drainage mouth with shutoff plug 11, the fertile water of splendid attire on annular baffle 9, in order to avoid the escape of ant colony, the later stage of the ant nest of being convenient for is recycled and the specification of ant colony is raised.
A method for feeding aphids by a conventional feeding treatment group comprises the following steps: and after the tobacco is inoculated with the aphids, placing the aphid inoculated tobacco plants in a net room for conventional breeding.
The number of aphids on each tobacco seedling is counted before the experiment, adult aphids and young aphids (the young aphids are 1-4 years old and are counted respectively in each age period) are counted for 1 time every day, and the observation is continuously carried out for 7 days. The population doubling time calculation method is as follows:
net added value rate (R)0)＝∑lxmx
Average generation period (T) ═ Σ xlxmx/∑lxmx
Intrinsic rate of increase (r)m)＝lnR0/T
Period growth rate (λ) erm
Population doubling time (t) ═ ln2/rm＝0.6931/rm
Wherein: x is a specific age, d;
Lxsurvival during x,%;
mxthe average litter size per female during x, head.
The tobacco soot disease area index calculation method comprises the following steps: all the diseased leaves of the tobacco plants to be tested are removed before the experiment, the tobacco leaves with the soot disease are flattened and shot by a digital camera on the 7 th day after the experiment is carried out, the area S of the leaves and the area S of the tobacco diseases are calculated by utilizing LAcomputer software, and the ratio of the area S of the tobacco diseases to the area S of the leaves is the tobacco soot disease area index. The results of aphid feeding in the ant aphid-commensal-treatment group and the conventional feeding-treatment group are shown in table 1, and the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effect of the concurrent breeding of myzus persicae by ant-aphid method and the traditional breeding method
| Average farrowing amount | Time to doubling of population | Tobacco soot disease area index | |
| Ant and aphid co-inhabiting treatment group | 55.08±8.46 | 2.121 | 0.23±0.13 |
| Conventional rearing treatment group | 43.21±9.12 | 3.349 | 0.38±0.21 |
As can be seen from Table 1, in the breeding of myzus persicae, the yield of myzus persicae bred by the ant-aphid co-inhabiting method is obviously higher than that of the conventional breeding method, and the population doubling period is shorter than that of the conventional breeding method. The result shows that the aphid inhabitation method has large egg laying amount of the myzus persicae, and the developmental period and the death rate are superior to those of the conventional feeding method. The incidence area index of the tobacco sooty smoke in the ant-aphid co-inhabiting method is lower than that of the conventional feeding method, so that the rising vigor of tobacco plants is maintained, and the replacement times of the tobacco plants are reduced. The aphid excreta honeydew can provide sugar for ants, improve the reproductive rate after the ants and contribute to the expansion of ant colony; the ants can also help aphids to excrete honeydew, promote aphid ontogenesis and improve aphid survival rate and reproductive rate, and in addition, the ants can eat honeydew on leaf surfaces, so that tobacco smoke caused by honeydew pollution is reduced.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of ants and aphids is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: tobacco seedling culture;
s2: tobacco cultivation, namely transplanting tobacco, and establishing bridging among tobacco plants after transplanting, wherein the bridging mode is that hemp ropes are connected among the tobacco plants;
s3: inoculating aphids to tobacco leaves, and then putting the tobacco inoculated with the aphids into a net room for feeding;
s4: obtaining ant colony, transferring ants and ant nests into an ant raising container, recovering the ant nests of the ants in the container, and cutting off an ant escape path in a way of coating a separant in the ant raising container and placing a water tray at the bottom of the ant raising container, wherein the separant is 95% alcohol mixed talcum powder; the bottom of the ant feeding container is provided with an inwards concave threaded hole, the center of the bottom of the tray is integrally formed and fixed with a support table, the center of the top of the support table is fixedly connected with a threaded column which can be in threaded connection with the threaded hole, and the ant feeding container and the tray can be conveniently mounted and dismounted through the arrangement of the threaded hole and the threaded column; in addition, an obliquely arranged annular partition plate is fixedly connected between the circumferential outer edge of the supporting table and the inner side wall of the tray, the high end of the annular partition plate is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the supporting table, the bottom end of the annular partition plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tray, an accommodating cavity is defined by the annular partition plate, the supporting table, the bottom wall of the tray and the side wall of the tray together, a water leakage port is formed in the lower end of the annular partition plate, a plugging rubber plug is inserted into the water leakage port, the top of the plugging rubber plug is integrally connected with a pull ring, a drainage port is formed in the lower portion of the tray, the plugging rubber plug is also inserted into the drainage port, and soapy water is located above the annular partition plate;
s5: transplanting ant colony and building ant bridge: move into aphid cultivation net room with the ant colony in the ant container of raising to build the ant bridge and connect the tobacco plant, the connection can be dismantled between ant container and the tobacco plant is raised to the ant bridge, and the mode of building of ant bridge is: inserting a bamboo pole in the middle of the ant breeding container, and connecting hemp ropes between the bamboo pole and the tobacco plants;
s6: when natural enemy insects are raised, the ant colony is removed when the ladybug is fed by aphids or parasitic bees are inoculated;
s7: and (4) removing the ant colony, namely disconnecting the ant bridge between the ant feeding container and the tobacco plant at night when the ant colony needs to be removed.
2. The method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of the ant aphids according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and S2, planting the tobacco when the plant is 6-8 cm high after the tobacco grows to a seedling stage.
3. The method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of the ant aphids according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: at S4, food and water are placed in the ant feeding container during the ant nest restoring period.
4. The method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of the ant aphids according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the food and the water are placed in the culture dish, the food and the water are placed in the ant feeding container together with the culture dish.
5. The method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of the ant aphids, according to claim 4, is characterized in that: each ant feeding container is connected with 4-5 tobacco plants.
6. The method for feeding aphids on a large scale by utilizing the co-inhabitation of the ant aphids according to claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in S5, when the tobacco plant is not suitable for connecting the hemp rope, a connecting rod is inserted into the tobacco plant cultivation container, and the hemp rope is connected between the bamboo pole and the connecting rod.
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| CN117581832B (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-06-04 | 华南农业大学 | Device and method for evaluating risk of invasion of foreign ant species into wetland |
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