CN105145482A - Andrias male and female natural pairing imitative ecological efficient breeding method - Google Patents
Andrias male and female natural pairing imitative ecological efficient breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105145482A CN105145482A CN201510609833.2A CN201510609833A CN105145482A CN 105145482 A CN105145482 A CN 105145482A CN 201510609833 A CN201510609833 A CN 201510609833A CN 105145482 A CN105145482 A CN 105145482A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses an andrias male and female natural pairing imitative ecological efficient breeding method. The method comprises the steps that male and female andrias are raised in a mixed mode, wherein the young male and female andrias is raised in a mixed mode; trial pairing is conducted on breeding male and female andrias, wherein when getting close to sexual maturity, the andrias is placed into a trial paring pool, in a breeding season, namely between August and September, the secondary sex characteristic becomes obvious, the pairing succeeds, the andrias is selected out and placed into a breeding pool, and the trial paring pool and the breeding pool are constructed and constituted by multiple river channels and caves; breeding is conducted in the breeding pool, wherein the andrias which is successful in pairing is placed into the breeding pool which is provided with only two caves, female andrias needs to be isolated after laying eggs, and male andrias is not disturbed to hatch; young andrias is raised, wherein the young andrias is not fed from the shell-emerging time to the 30th day, 30 days later, the young andrias is fed with tubificidae and water earthworm, one year later, the young andrias is fed with young grass carps and young carps, three years later, the andrias is sold as commodities, and seven years later, excellent offsprings are reserved for breeding; bait fishes can be casted after the bait fishes are raised for three to five days temporarily and no disease attach is found; at the earlier ovulation stage, the female andrias needs to be fed with crabs, loach and shrimps; water bodies, water channels and bait are disinfected with 0.5-3% of disinfection salt, and appliance is disinfected with potassium permanganate; when the bait fishes are casted, the bait density is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, relate to a kind of giant salamander male and female and naturally match Ecology efficient breeding method.
Background technology
Giant salamander is commonly called as the giant salamander, is the distinctive rareness species of China, and the Evolutionary History of existing 3.5 hundred million years is existing maximum rare amphibian, has high scientific research, medicinal, health care and edibility, for national two classes watch for animals.In recent years, because the reason such as the change of circumstances, ecological disruption, water pollution, high strength are fished for and giant salamander fertility is weak, cause the sharply atrophy of giant salamander habitat, wild giant salamander quantity is also fewer and feweri, and some region populations become extinct.In order to protect these rare and endangered species of giant salamander, people are to the cultivation of giant salamander and breed and carry out many-sided research, also take many measures and methods, mainly contain following a few class giant salamander propagation technique at present:
Whole artificial propagation technology: namely under artificial mandatory condition, creates the condition of some suitable giant salamander growth and breedings, impels giant salamander to raise up seed giant salamander reproduction method.Such technology has following shortcoming: one is that artificial propagation changes giant salamander growth and breeding environment, and artificial propagation condition can not meet the demand of giant salamander growth and breeding to objective condition, in addition artificial mandatory interference, causes giant salamander parent propagation rate not high also unstable; Two is some the mandatory technical measures taked in giant salamander artificial propagation more, wrecks seriously, its breeding period is shortened greatly to the fecundity of close salamander and life; Three is that general raiser is beyond power, and reproductive-cost is also relatively high to correlated conditions such as breeding facility and high to propagation technique requirement.
Former natural, ecological propagation technique: refer to the growth and breeding area utilizing giant salamander wild, in the stream that wild giant salamander emerges, brook, select the section of more than 50 meters, build suitable protective equipment, add labor management, drop into the kind salamander chosen in wild breeding section, then regularly drop into food, allow its spontaneous estrus, lay eggs, be fertilized and hatch the giant salamander reproduction method of emerging.There is following shortcoming in such technology: one is that the ability of the natural calamities such as opposing mountain torrents heavy rain is weak, runs into natural calamity, artificial bad control; Two is that natural enemy harm is serious, as water rat, water snake, crab, water spider etc. ingest or endanger seed; Three is be not easy to management, easily suffers human damage, and if people is for poisoning, stealing, the impact such as human waste is also very large.
Simulate natural ecological environment propagation technique: refer to the area at applicable giant salamander growing, the terraced fields selecting to be convenient to manage, build artificial streamlet to tableland or gentle slope, pseudo manufacture cave to giant salamander, artificial planting vegetation, and utilize physical features pressure water pipe to introduce in artificial brook by stream water, brook flowing water etc., then in artificial brook, drop into the kind salamander of some, regularly drop into bait, the giant salamander reproduction method of manually being kept an eye on.There is following shortcoming in such technology: one is that giant salamander is ill easily infects mutually; Two is that giant salamander phenomenon of mutually biting happens occasionally; Three is that seedling-growing time compares hatchery juveniles late, causes the coming year slower than hatchery juveniles growth; Four be the growth of giant salamander in the wild, easily by the impact of weather, natural calamity etc.
Biological breeding and artificial propagation combined technology: refer to cultivate close salamander in Ecology pattern, after having arrived giant salamander mating season, again close salamander is caught, take the way of manual injection's oxytocic drug, and then the new salamander after injectable drug is put back in Ecology pattern, allow it lay eggs voluntarily, ejaculation and hatching emerge; Or take only in Ecology pattern, to cultivate close salamander, the giant salamander reproduction method that remaining reproductive process is carried out in artificial propagation pattern.Such technology is easily by the impact of factor of natural environment.
The natural propagation technology of imitative subterranean stream: build house or cover slabstone on natural river course on river course, be built into artificially one " solution cavity ", river course has become " subterranean stream ", then in river course, cave is built, the plants such as grass-leaved sweetflag are planted in buried channel or near hole, then throw in kind of a salamander, in addition artificial bait throwing in and safeguard procedures, allow its natural spawning, fertilization, the technical process of hatching, emerging.Such technology is difficult to the situation of growing observing giant salamander, and ill being not easy of giant salamander is realized, affects larger by extraneous factor.
Above technology does not all thoroughly solve the problem that giant salamander male and female gonad development is asynchronous, gonadal maturation rate is low, and sperm viability difference and spawning rate under artificial induced spawning condition, fertility rate and hatchability are not high, to plant salamander short for service life.The breeding of planting salamander is still the bottleneck problem realizing giant salamander large-scale cultivation.
The present invention is based on above background technology to propose, to improve breeding utilization periods and the reproduction rate of kind of salamander, promote giant salamander large-scale cultivation, realize, to the conservation and utilization of this rare resources of giant salamander, resources advantage being converted into economic advantages.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of male and female of giant salamander and naturally match Ecology efficient breeding method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
1, young salamander male and female are supported altogether: by the young salamander male and female mixed breed of (giant salamander sexual maturity generally needs 7 years) before sexual maturity.Children's salamander male and female are supported altogether and are not only met giant salamander and like gregarious behavior in this stage, and male and female raise together with the especially gonad development that grows contributing to giant salamander.
2, plant salamander male and female examination pairing: when giant salamander proximity is ripe, the individuality to meet kind is put into examination pairing pond, allows it freely match.Because kind of salamander is just raised from little together, be quite familiar with each other, generally not easily fight.Mating season (8 ~ September) observe one female one male individual often together and kiss, the cry of surprise play behavior such as to nibble, and secondary sexual character is obvious, then can think that this is to the successful matching of male and female giant salamander, a pair of successful matching kind of salamander be chosen and puts into breeding pond and breed.The construction in examination pairing pond and breeding pond is built according to the life habit of giant salamander, is made up of multiple river course and cave.Wherein river course is that 1.5m is wide, and then bottom membrane seepage prevention spreads cobblestone and fine sand; Build cave in both sides, river course, cave is relative between two, and cave size is 2.0m × 2.0m, height 0.5m, hole, cave 15cm × 15cm, and cave bottom membrane seepage prevention, then spreads cobblestone and fine sand; With the brick one-tenth of reddle around cave, cover plate made by top cement, fine earth 15cm is spread above cover plate, turf plant grass on face is (for greening, attractive in appearance, the cooling of anti-administration), the circular port that when making cover plate, indwelling diameter is about about 45cm makes the peep hole in cave, and this hole is up big and down small, cover with the Stainless steel basin of the corresponding size that earth is housed, be convenient to observe the situation of giant salamander in cave and fish for the giant salamander fry of just hatching.In the middle of river course, mudhole is set, exceeds water surface 15cm, depth of water 20cm in water channel.Antirust iron wire protection network being set above river course, runing away for preventing the invasion of giant salamander natural enemy and giant salamander.Wherein breeding pond, to be that cave facing each other is divided into by river course jube independent one by one but can the junior unit of intercommunication between two caves, and examination pairing separates without jube in river course, pond.Try pairing pond and breed pond all to need to carry out seasonal water body disinfection with disinfection salt 0.5 ~ 3%.
3, breed pond breeding: the kind salamander of successful matching is put into independence in pairs and only has the breeding pond in two caves, as long as the good kind salamander of a pair pairing puts into breeding pond, match no longer in addition except a wherein death.Such process not only meets the reproductive habit of giant salamander monogamy, and meets into salamander and have very strong territorial behavior and like solitary life habit, is conducive to the breeding of kind of salamander.Need isolation after female salamander lays eggs, leave male salamander hatching work alone.
4, young salamander is raised: the main yolk that relies on continues to grow as nutrition (to go out shell ~ 30 day) during young salamander, and this stage does not need to feed.The yolk of the young salamander after 30 days is exhausted, and starts to absorb extraneous food, is now commonly referred to as young salamander, and the food of throwing something and feeding is red line worm, sterile culture water earthworm.Throw something and feed after 1 year grass carp, carp seedling, after 3 years, commodity salamander is sold, and supports while select, after 7 years, stays outstanding offspring to do kind of a use.Forage fiss can be thrown something and fed after needing to have no incidence after storage pond, holding pond supports 3 ~ 5d.Crab, loach, shrimp need be thrown in the preovulatory phase of female salamander.Water body, water channel, bait disinfection salt 0.5 ~ 3% carry out disinfection, and utensil potassium permanganate carries out disinfection.Because giant salamander action is clumsy, predation initiative is poor, when throwing something and feeding forage fiss, in order to improve giant salamander predatory number, takes to increase food density.
Adopt the beneficial effect of technical scheme of the present invention: have reproductive efficiency high, plant that salamander utilization periods is long, the incidence of disease is little, convenient management, easily to implement and the advantage such as popularization.
Embodiment
A kind of giant salamander male and female of the present invention match Ecology efficient breeding method naturally:
1), young salamander male and female are supported altogether: by the young salamander male and female mixed breed of (giant salamander sexual maturity generally needs 7 years) before sexual maturity.
2), plant salamander male and female examination pairing: when giant salamander proximity is ripe, the individuality to meet kind is put into examination pairing pond, allows it freely match.Observe one female one in mating season (8 ~ September) and male individual and occur that secondary sexual character is obvious often together and kiss, to nibble etc. and play play behavior, then this is to the successful matching of male and female giant salamander, a pair of successful matching kind of salamander is chosen to put into and breeds pond and breed.Construction the building according to giant salamander in examination pairing pond and breeding pond, is made up of multiple river course and cave.Wherein river course is that 1.5m is wide, and then bottom membrane seepage prevention spreads cobblestone and fine sand; Build cave in both sides, river course, cave is relative between two, and cave size is 2.0m × 2.0m, height 0.5m, hole, cave 15cm × 15cm, and cave bottom membrane seepage prevention, then spreads cobblestone and fine sand; With the brick one-tenth of reddle around cave, cover plate made by top cement, fine earth 15cm is spread above cover plate, turf plant grass on face is (for greening, attractive in appearance, anti-administration cooling), the circular port that when making cover plate, indwelling diameter is about about 45cm makes the peep hole in cave, and this hole is up big and down small, covers with the Stainless steel basin of the corresponding size that earth is housed.In the middle of river course, mudhole is set, exceeds water surface 15cm, depth of water 20cm in water channel.Antirust iron wire protection network being set above river course, runing away for preventing the invasion of giant salamander natural enemy and giant salamander.Wherein breeding pond, to be that cave facing each other is divided into by river course jube independent one by one but can the junior unit of intercommunication between two caves, and examination pairing separates without jube in river course, pond.Try pairing pond and breed pond all to need to carry out seasonal water body disinfection with disinfection salt 0.5 ~ 3%.
3), breeding pond breeding: the kind salamander of successful matching put into independence in pairs and only has the breeding pond in two caves, as long as the good kind salamander of a pair pairing puts into breeding pond, matching no longer in addition except a wherein death.Need isolation after female salamander lays eggs, leave male salamander hatching work alone.
4), young salamander is raised: the main yolk that relies on continues to grow as nutrition (to go out shell ~ 30 day) during young salamander, does not need to feed.Young salamander after 30 days starts to absorb extraneous food, is now called young salamander, and the food of throwing something and feeding is the water earthworm of red line worm, sterile culture.Throw something and feed after 1 year grass carp, carp seedling, after 3 years, commodity salamander is sold, and supports while select, after 7 years, stays outstanding offspring to do kind of a use.Forage fiss can be thrown something and fed after needing to have no incidence after storage pond, holding pond supports 3 ~ 5d.Crab, loach, shrimp need be thrown in the preovulatory phase of female salamander.Water body, water channel, bait disinfection salt 0.5 ~ 3% carry out disinfection, and utensil potassium permanganate carries out disinfection.Because giant salamander action is clumsy, predation initiative is poor, when throwing something and feeding forage fiss, in order to improve giant salamander predatory number, takes to increase food density.
implementation result:
For east, Guizhou Province giant salamander Co., Ltd giant salamander breeding:
This technology is comparatively single-minded based on giant salamander emotion, territorial behavior is strong and like the life habit such as solitary, and imitative wild manually building meets the monogamous life of giant salamander and breeding environment, effectively can improve reproduction rate and the breeding utilization periods of kind of salamander.Technological invention unit raises cultivation from hatching the young salamander of more than 1500 tail after shell, came into effect raising limit, limit from the 3rd year and eliminate that to sell the giant salamander not conform to kind individual, until the 7th year, secondary sexual character of selecting and remain altogether obviously, giant salamander more than 200 tail to meet kind renders to examination pairing pond and carry out examination and match, having 102 to being made into merit, being paired into power and reaching more than 90%.Any selection 10 couple wherein add up, and average 1060 pieces of ovum of often laying eggs in tail female salamander year, average fertilization and hatching goes out the young salamander of shell 952 tail.Fertility rate and hatchability reaches 94.5%, 95.1% respectively, from the young salamander phase to the 7th year, and overall survival rate % more than 95.Plant salamander utilization periods to estimate at about 20 years.
In sum: the present invention have reproductive efficiency high, plant that salamander utilization periods is long, the incidence of disease is little, convenient management, easily to implement and the advantage such as popularization.
Claims (2)
1. giant salamander male and female match an Ecology efficient breeding method naturally, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise 1), young salamander male and female support altogether; 2) salamander male and female examination pairing, is planted; 3) pond breeding, is bred; 4), young salamander raises four-stage;
1), young salamander male and female support altogether: the young salamander male and female mixing before sexual maturity supported altogether, and young salamander male and female are supported altogether and met giant salamander and like gregarious in this stage, and male and female are raised together with and contributed to gonad development;
2) salamander male and female examination pairing, is planted: when giant salamander proximity is ripe, the individuality to meet kind is put into examination pairing pond, it is allowed freely to match, mating season in 8 ~ September observe one female one male often together and kiss, play play, and secondary sexual character is obvious, this is to the successful matching of male and female giant salamander, a pair of successful matching kind of salamander is chosen to put into breeding pond and breed; The construction in examination pairing pond and breeding pond is made up of multiple river course and cave;
3) pond breeding, is bred: the kind salamander of successful matching is put into independence in pairs and only has the breeding pond in two caves, as long as the kind salamander that a pair pairing is good puts into breeding pond, match no longer in addition except a wherein death, after female salamander lays eggs, need isolation, leave male salamander hatching work alone;
4), young salamander is raised: during young salamander goes out shell ~ 30 day, do not need to feed, young salamander after 30 days starts to absorb extraneous food, now be called young salamander, the food of throwing something and feeding is the water earthworm of red line worm, sterile culture, grass carp of throwing something and feeding after a year, carp seedling, and after 3 years, commodity salamander is sold, support while select, after 7 years, stay outstanding offspring to do kind of a use; Forage fiss can be thrown something and fed after needing to have no incidence after storage pond, holding pond supports 3 ~ 5d; Crab, loach, shrimp need be thrown in the preovulatory phase of female salamander; Water body, water channel, bait disinfection salt 0.5 ~ 3% carry out disinfection, and utensil potassium permanganate is sterilized; Giant salamander predation initiative is poor, when throwing something and feeding forage fiss, increases food density.
2. giant salamander male and female according to claim 1 match Ecology efficient breeding method naturally, it is characterized in that: described examination pairing pond and the construction in breeding pond are made up of multiple river course and cave, wherein river course is that 1.5m is wide, and then bottom membrane seepage prevention spreads cobblestone and fine sand; Build cave in both sides, river course, cave is relative between two, and cave size is 2.0m × 2.0m, height 0.5m, hole, cave 15cm × 15cm, and cave bottom membrane seepage prevention, then spreads cobblestone and fine sand; With the brick one-tenth of reddle around cave, cover plate made by top cement, fine earth 15cm is spread above cover plate, turf plant on face, for greening, the cooling of anti-administration, the circular port that when making cover plate, indwelling diameter is about about 45cm makes the peep hole in cave, this hole is up big and down small, covers with the Stainless steel basin of the corresponding size that earth is housed, and is convenient to observe the situation of giant salamander in cave and fish for the giant salamander fry of just hatching; In the middle of river course, mudhole is set, exceeds water surface 15cm, depth of water 20cm in water channel; Antirust iron wire protection network is set above river course, prevents the invasion of giant salamander natural enemy and giant salamander from runing away; Cave facing each other is divided into independent one by one but can the junior unit of intercommunication between two caves by the river course jube of wherein breeding pond, and examination pairing separates without jube in river course, pond; Try pairing pond and breed pond all to need to carry out seasonal water body disinfection with disinfection salt 0.5 ~ 3%.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106172187A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 蒙山县瑶山大鲵繁育专业合作社 | A kind of Andrias davidianus Blanchard breeding method |
| CN106577512A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-04-26 | 神农架林区佳园科技养殖有限公司 | Andrias davidianus bionic breeding system and method |
| CN108077182A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-05-29 | 江西婺源祥鲵生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of propagation method of the more tails of one ovum of giant salamander |
| CN108719199A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-02 | 长阳黎维大鲵养殖有限公司 | The Ecology for improving kind of salamander natural mating spawning rate breeds pond |
| CN110754420A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 浙江师范大学 | Artificial culture method of Andrias davidianus |
| CN112772555A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving mating rate of female and male giant salamander parents |
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| CN110754420A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 浙江师范大学 | Artificial culture method of Andrias davidianus |
| CN112772555A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving mating rate of female and male giant salamander parents |
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Application publication date: 20151216 |