CN110494591A - 镀锌系钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

镀锌系钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110494591A
CN110494591A CN201880022411.7A CN201880022411A CN110494591A CN 110494591 A CN110494591 A CN 110494591A CN 201880022411 A CN201880022411 A CN 201880022411A CN 110494591 A CN110494591 A CN 110494591A
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Prior art keywords
zinc
steel sheet
based metal
plated steel
metal plated
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CN201880022411.7A
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CN110494591B (zh
Inventor
古谷真一
松崎晃
增冈弘之
星野克弥
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Jitomi Corp
JFE Steel Corp
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Jitomi Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
    • C23C22/53—Treatment of zinc or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明提供对高强度的镀锌系钢板和可实施复杂成型的强度较低的镀锌系钢板稳定地赋予优异的加压成型性且焊接时不产生有害烟尘的镀锌系钢板及其制造方法。镀锌系钢板的表面具有氧化物层，氧化物层的平均厚度为20nm以上，在氧化物层中含有30mg/m2以上的Zn、1.0mg/m2以上的S、50mg/m2～1000mg/m2的平均粒径为5.0μm以下的聚乙烯粒子。

Description

镀锌系钢板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及加压成型时的滑动阻力小、具有优异的加压成型性的镀锌系钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
对于镀锌系钢板而言，以汽车车体用途为中心在诸多领域中广泛应用。通常，镀锌系钢板在实施加压成型后供于使用。但是，镀锌系钢板具有加压成型性比冷轧钢板差的缺点。其原因在于：压制模具中的镀锌系钢板的滑动阻力与冷轧钢板相比较大。即，在模具与调整杆(bead)处的滑动阻力大的部分，滑动阻力大的镀锌系钢板不易流入到压制模具中，容易发生钢板的断裂。
因此，作为使用镀锌系钢板时的加压成型性的提高方法，广泛使用涂布高粘度的润滑油的方法。但是，该方法中，由于润滑油的粘性高，因此在涂装工序中因脱脂不良而产生涂装缺陷。另外，因加压时的油膜脱落而存在加压性能变得不稳定等问题。因此，要求改善镀锌系钢板本身的加压成型性。
作为解决上述问题的方法，专利文献1中公开了如下技术：通过对镀锌系钢板的表面实施电解处理、浸渍处理、涂布氧化处理或加热处理而形成以锌为主体的氧化膜来提高冲压加工性。
专利文献2中公开了如下技术：将钢板在热浸镀锌后通过加热处理进行合金化，进一步实施平整轧制后使其与具有pH缓冲作用的酸性溶液接触，保持规定时间后进行水洗，由此在镀覆表层形成氧化物层，使加压成型性提高。
专利文献3中公开一种加压成型性优异的热浸镀锌钢板，是通过使平整轧制后的热浸镀锌钢板与具有pH缓冲作用的酸性溶液接触，以在钢板表面形成了酸性溶液的液膜的状态保持规定时间后，进行水洗、干燥，在镀层表面形成氧化物层而得的。
专利文献4中公开了一种加压成型性优异的电镀锌钢板，是通过使电镀锌钢板与具有pH缓冲作用的酸性溶液或酸性的电镀锌浴接触，然后保持规定时间后进行水洗、干燥，在镀层表面形成Zn系氧化物而得的。
专利文献5中公开了如下技术：一种镀锌系钢板的制造方法，通过使镀锌系钢板与酸性溶液接触，保持规定时间，进行水洗和干燥，从而在表面形成氧化物层和/或氢氧化物层，其中，使酸性溶液含有氧化物胶体，从而得到优异的加压成型性。
另外，本申请人等提出了如下技术：通过使镀锌系钢板与含有氟树脂的酸性溶液接触，保持规定时间，进行水洗和干燥，从而在表面形成含有氟树脂的氧化物层和/或氢氧化物层，由此得到与以往相比格外优异的加压成型性(专利文献6)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平2－190483号公报
专利文献2：日本专利第3807341号公报
专利文献3：日本专利第4329387号公报
专利文献4：日本特开2005－248262号公报
专利文献5：日本专利第5386842号公报
专利文献6：日本特开2016－098380号公报
发明内容
应用上述专利文献1～5中记载的技术时，与通常的镀锌系钢板进行比较则能够得到良好的加压成型性。但是，近年来，从汽车车体的轻量化的观点考虑，开始广泛使用高强度的镀锌系钢板，要求比以往更高的加压成型性。
另外，为了对强度较低的镀锌系钢板也能够实现更复杂的成型，因此需要进一步提高加压成型性。
将上述专利文献1～5中记载的技术应用于高强度的镀锌系钢板时，不一定能够得到充分的效果，对强度较低的镀锌系钢板，也不足以能够实现复杂的成型。
在专利文献6所记载的技术中，由于被膜中含有氟树脂，因此有可能根据情况而在焊接时产生有害烟尘，有必要实施烟尘对策。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的，目的在于提供对高强度的镀锌系钢板和可实施复杂的成型的强度较低的镀锌系钢板稳定地赋予优异的加压成型性且焊接时不产生有害烟尘的镀锌系钢板及其制造方法。
本发明人等为了解决上述课题而反复进行深入研究。其结果发现：通过在镀锌系钢板的表面形成平均厚度为20nm以上且含有Zn、S和聚乙烯粒子的氧化物层，能够解决上述课题。
本发明是基于以上见解而完成的，其要旨如下。
[1]一种镀锌系钢板，在镀锌系钢板的表面具有氧化物层，上述氧化物层的平均厚度为20nm以上，在上述氧化物层中含有30mg/m2以上的Zn、1.0mg/m2以上的S、50mg/m2～1000mg/m2的平均粒径为5.0μm以下的聚乙烯粒子。
[2]根据上述[1]所述的镀锌系钢板，其中，上述氧化物层具有硫酸基和羟基。
[3]根据上述[1]或[2]所述的镀锌系钢板，其中，上述氧化物层中进一步含有0.2mg/m2～10mg/m2的P。
[4]根据上述[1]～[3]中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板，其中，上述镀锌系钢板为合金化热浸镀锌钢板、热浸镀锌钢板、电镀锌钢板中的任一种。
[5]一种上述[1]～[4]中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，使镀锌系钢板与含有3g/L以上的硫酸根离子、3g/L以上的Zn离子和0.10g/L以上的聚乙烯粒子的酸性溶液接触。
[6]根据上述[5]所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，上述酸性溶液的pH为2～6，温度为20℃～80℃。
[7]根据上述[5]或[6]所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，上述酸性溶液含有氧化剂。
[8]根据上述[5]～[7]中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，上述镀锌系钢板与上述酸性溶液的接触时间为1秒～500秒。
[9]根据上述[5]～[8]中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，与酸性溶液接触后，使镀锌系钢板与含有0.01g/L以上的P离子的溶液接触。
本发明中，镀锌系钢板是将利用例如热浸镀法，电镀法，蒸镀法，喷镀法等各种制造方法在钢板上镀锌而得的钢板统称为镀锌系钢板。另外，未实施合金化处理的热浸镀锌钢板(GI)、实施合金化处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板(GA)均包含于镀锌系钢板。另外，作为形成于钢板的表面的锌系镀层，可例示热浸镀锌层、合金化热浸镀锌层、热浸镀锌－铝合金层、热浸镀锌－铝－镁合金层、电镀锌层、电镀锌－镍合金层等，但不限定于此，含有锌的公知的锌系镀层都可以应用。
根据本发明，能够得到加压成型时的滑动阻力小、具有优异的加压成型性的镀锌系钢板。
镀锌系钢板与模具等的摩擦系数显著降低。因此，对高强度的镀锌系钢板或可实施复杂的成型的强度较低的镀锌系钢板也稳定地赋予优异的加压成型性。即便在后门等的复杂形状化所需的深拉深加工等复杂成型的情况中，在加压成型时的容易开裂部位滑动阻力也小且拉伸性良好。
另外，由于不含氟树脂，因此在焊接时不产生有害烟尘。
应予说明，上述中，“高强度”是假设为拉伸强度(TS)为440MPa以上，“强度较低”是假设为TS小于440MPa。
附图说明
图1是表示摩擦系数测定装置的概略主视图。
图2是表示图1中的调整杆形状和尺寸的概略立体图。
图3是表示图1中的调整杆形状和尺寸的概略立体图。
具体实施方式
以下，对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
本发明中，特征在于：在具备钢板和形成于钢板上的锌系镀层的镀锌系钢板的表面具有氧化物层，氧化物层的平均厚度为20nm以上，在氧化物层中含有30mg/m2以上的Zn、1.0mg/m2以上的S、50mg/m2～1000mg/m2的平均粒径为5.0μm以下的聚乙烯粒子。
上述氧化物层的润滑机理尚不明确，但认为如下：滑动时，在模具与镀锌系钢板之间产生较高的面压而将润滑油排除，产生模具与锌系镀层直接接触的部分。进而因模具与锌系镀层的粘着力而在锌系镀层的表面产生剪切应力。在这样的情况下，含有Zn的氧化物具有抑制模具与钢板直接接触的粘着抑制力。另外，S是作为极压添加剂而使用的元素。S由于在使油排除这样的高面压状态下也吸附于镀锌系钢板表面或模具，因此具有抑制钢板与模具的粘着的粘着抑制力。此外，由于氧化物层中含有聚乙烯粒子，因此聚乙烯粒子承担模具与钢板之间的滑动的一部分，摩擦系数明显降低。由于它们的协同作用，在高强度钢板的加压成型时的高面压条件或强度较低的钢板的复杂成型时也能够具有优异的加压成型性。
关于氧化物层中的Zn和S的含量，Zn为30mg/m2以上，S为1.0mg/m2以上。氧化物层的Zn含量小于30mg/m2、S含量小于1.0mg/m2时，难以得到充分的滑动特性提高效果即加压成型性提高效果。另一方面，如果Zn含量超过1000mg/m2、S含量超过100mg/m2，则存在汽车制造时重要的点焊性、化学转化处理性降低的情况。因此，Zn含量优选为1000mg/m2以下，S含量优选为100mg/m2以下。
氧化物层的平均厚度为20nm以上。小于20nm时，得不到充分的加压成型性。另一方面，如果超过200nm，则有时表面的反应性极端降低，难以形成化学转化处理被膜。因此，氧化物层的平均厚度优选为200nm以下。
本发明中，作为固体润滑剂，在氧化物层中含有聚乙烯粒子。聚乙烯非常普遍，因而成本低。另外，通过在氧化物层中含有聚乙烯粒子而得到充分的滑动特性提高效果。另外，含有氟树脂时，在焊接时进行热分解，有可能产生HF、PFIB等有害气体。与此相对，本发明中，由于分子中仅含有C和H，因此不存在焊接时产生有害烟尘、有害气体的担忧。另外，本发明中由于使用有机树脂，因此与二硫化钼、氮化硼这样的无机固体润滑剂相比得到充分的滑动特性提高效果。
为了使氧化物层中有效地含有聚乙烯粒子，使平均粒径为5.0μm以下。如果平均粒径超过5.0μm，则难以被引入到氧化物层中。另外，存在对氧化物层的密合性差的趋势。关于优选的平均粒径，下限为0.1μm，上限为1.0μm。
聚乙烯(PE)的含量合计为50mg/m2～1000mg/m2。小于50mg/m2时，无法发挥充分的润滑效果。另一方面，超过1000mg/m2时，点焊性、化学转化处理性降低。优选为50mg/m2～400mg/m2。
本发明中形成于镀锌系钢板的表面的氧化物层可以利用下述方法进行分析。
氧化物层中的Zn含量、S含量可以通过使用ICP发光分析装置对用重铬酸铵2质量％+氨水14质量％溶液溶解氧化物层而得的溶液进行分析来定量。
氧化物层的厚度可以通过以下方式进行测定，即以形成了厚度已知的氧化硅被膜的硅晶片的值为基准，将使用荧光X射线测定而得到的氧强度换算为二氧化硅膜厚来测定。将由此测定的值的平均值作为氧化物层的平均厚度。
Zn、S、O的存在形态可以使用X射线光电子分光装置来进行分析。
对于氧化物层中的聚乙烯粒子而言，可以从SEM观察图像中测定任意20个的聚乙烯粒子的粒径并进行平均而求出聚乙烯粒子的平均粒径，并对一定面积中的聚乙烯粒子的存在数量进行测定，以总体积将密度进行积算而算出含量。
在氧化物层的稳定性的观点上，优选在氧化物层中存在硫酸基和羟基。应予说明，可以通过后述的实施例的方法来确认是否存在硫酸基和羟基。
此外，本发明中，优选在氧化物层中进一步含有0.2mg/m2～10mg/m2的P。通过在氧化物层中含有P，能够在汽车制造时的脱脂工序中使除去附着于钢板表面的油的脱脂性提高。氧化物层中不含有P时，脱脂液劣化时、钢板的涂油量极其多时，无法在脱脂工序中充分除去油，产生疏水，有可能对化学转化处理、涂装等后续工序造成不良影响。与此相对，认为P以磷氧化合物的形态附着于表面，存在于磷氧化合物的OH基提高与水的亲和性而使脱脂后的水润湿性提高。P含量小于0.2mg/m2时，存在得不到充分的脱脂性提高效果的情况。如果超过10mg/m2，则有可能使汽车制造时重要的点焊性降低。
氧化物层中的P含量可以通过使用ICP发光分析装置将用重铬酸铵2质量％+氨水14质量％溶液溶解氧化物层而得的溶液进行分析，将所测定的值换算为每单位面积的含量而求出。
对本发明的镀锌系钢板的制造方法进行说明。
首先，对钢板实施锌系镀覆处理。实施镀覆处理的方法没有特别限定，可以采用热浸镀锌、电镀锌等一般的方法。另外，镀覆的处理条件没有特别限定，只要适当地采用优选的条件即可。在镀覆后，可以进一步实施合金化处理。应予说明，合金化处理的方法没有特别限定，可以采用一般的方法。
接下来，在镀锌系钢板的表面形成平均厚度为20nm以上且含有30mg/m2以上的Zn、1.0mg/m2以上的S、50mg/m2～1000mg/m2的平均粒径为5.0μm以下的聚乙烯粒子的氧化物层。
作为形成氧化物层的方法，可举出使镀锌系钢板与含有硫酸根离子、Zn离子、聚乙烯粒子的酸性溶液接触后进行水洗的方法。应予说明，根据需要，也可以在水洗后进行干燥。具体而言，使钢板与含有3g/L以上的硫酸根离子、3g/L以上的Zn离子和0.10g/L以上的聚乙烯粒子的酸性溶液接触后，进行水洗。关于使用平均粒径为5.0μm以下的聚乙烯粒子，对聚乙烯粒子的制造方法没有特别限定。也可以使用平均粒径为5.0μm以下的聚乙烯产品。
优选酸性溶液的pH为2～6。pH小于2时，锌系镀层的溶解剧烈，有时抑制氧化物层的生成。另一方面，为pH超过6的酸性溶液时，溶液中的Zn离子析出，有时产生废渣，因而并不优选，有时氧化物的形成也不充分。因此，酸性溶液的pH优选2～6。
酸性溶液的温度优选20～80℃。温度小于20℃时，氧化物层形成速度慢。另一方面，如果温度超过80℃，则溶液的蒸发量增加，溶液浓度的管理变得困难，导致成本增大，因而不优选。
与酸性溶液的接触时间优选1秒～500秒。小于1秒时，存在得不到足够膜厚的被膜的情况。如果超过500秒，则处理时间变长，生产成本增大。
优选在酸性溶液中含有氧化剂。作为氧化剂的例子，可举出硝酸、硝酸钠等硝酸盐、过氧化氢、高锰酸钾等。通过使酸性溶液含有氧化剂，从而促进氧化物层的形成，能够以短时间形成氧化物层。
含有Zn、S和聚乙烯粒子的氧化物层的形成机理尚不明确，但可以认为如下：如果使被覆有锌系镀层的钢板与含有硫酸根离子、Zn离子和聚乙烯粒子的酸性溶液接触，则在钢板侧发生锌的溶解反应并因氢离子的还原而产生氢，使钢板表面的pH上升。此时，如果在pH上升的钢板表面附近的溶液中存在硫酸根离子和Zn离子，则Zn、O、S会以化合物的形式沉淀析出。另外，如果同时在钢板附近的溶液中存在聚乙烯粒子，则聚乙烯粒子会被引入到Zn、O、S的化合物中。然后，形成上述氧化物层。
从上述形成机理的观点考虑，优选接触钢板的溶液中，硫酸根离子含有3g/L以上，Zn离子含有3g/L以上，聚乙烯粒子含有0.10g/L以上。硫酸根离子和Zn离子分别小于3g/L时，析出速度慢，有时难以形成足够厚度的氧化物层。聚乙烯粒子小于0.10g/L时，被引入到氧化物层中的量有可能变少。另一方面，如果硫酸根离子为170g/L以上、Zn离子为120g/L以上、聚乙烯粒子为100g/L以上，则无法期待析出速度的进一步增加。因此，从兼顾成本的观点出发，优选硫酸根离子小于170g/L、Zn离子小于120g/L、聚乙烯粒子小于100g/L。
使上述酸性溶液与上述钢板接触的方法没有特别限定，有使钢板浸渍于酸性溶液进行接触的方法、将酸性溶液喷雾到钢板上使其接触的方法、使用涂布辊将酸性溶液涂布到钢板上的方法等。
与酸性溶液接触后，进行水洗。应予说明，根据需要，其后，可以进行干燥。应予说明，水洗、干燥的方法没有特别限定，可以采用一般的方法。
此外，在氧化物层中进一步要以含量0.2mg/m2～10mg/m2含有P时，进行水洗、根据需要进行干燥后，使钢板与含有0.01g/L以上的P离子的溶液接触。通过在进行水洗、干燥后使钢板与含有P的溶液接触，由此含有Zn、S、O的化合物中的S系化合物与P系化合物进行取代反应，在氧化物层中含有P系化合物。如果接触的溶液中含有的P离子的浓度过少，则取代速度降低，有可能得不到充分的效果，因此P离子的浓度优选为0.01g/L以上。另一方面，如果P离子为100g/L以上，则无法期待析出速度的进一步增加，因此从兼顾成本观点考虑，优选小于100g/L。作为含有P离子的溶液，可以使用磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、多磷酸钠水溶液等。只要含有P离子，就表现出相同的效果，不特别指定所使用的药剂。
应予说明，即使因溶液中含有杂质而N、Pb、Na、Mn、Ba、Sr、Si、Zr、Al、Sn、Cu、Be、B、F、Ne等被引入到氧化物层中，也不损害本发明的效果。
实施例
以下，通过实施例对本发明进行说明。应予说明，本发明不限于以下的实施例。
对板厚1.2mm的高强度冷轧钢板(TS：590MPa)，实施电镀锌(EG)、热浸镀锌(GI)以及热浸镀锌后的合金化处理(GA)。继而，将钢板以表中示出的条件浸渍于调整为表1中示出的条件的酸性溶液中。接下来，进行水洗后，进行干燥。对于一部分钢板，将钢板进一步以表1中示出的浓度、温度、浸渍时间浸渍于焦磷酸钠10水合物的溶液中。接下来，进行充分水洗后，使其干燥，使氧化物层含有0.2mg/m2～10mg/m2的P。
对由上述得到的高强度冷轧钢板测定表面的氧化物层中含有的Zn含量、S含量、P含量、聚乙烯粒子含量、氧化物层的平均厚度。另外，确认是否存在羟基和硫酸基。另外，作为评价加压成型性的方法，实施摩擦系数的测定来评价滑动特性。应予说明，高强度冷轧钢板表层的Zn含量、S含量、P含量、聚乙烯粒子含量、氧化物层的平均厚度、Zn、S、O的存在形态的测定方法(确认是否存在羟基和硫酸基)、加压成型性(滑动特性)的评价方法如下。
(1)氧化物层的分析
氧化物层的平均厚度的测定
形成于镀锌系钢板的氧化物层的厚度的测定中，使用荧光X射线分析装置。测定时的球管的电压和电流为30kV和100mA，分光晶体设定为TAP，检测O－Kα射线。在测定O－Kα射线时，除了测定其峰位置以外，还测定背景位置处的强度，以能够算出O－Kα射线的净强度。应予说明，峰位置和背景位置处的积分时间分别设定为20秒。
另外，在试样工作台上与这一系列的试样一同放置劈开为适当大小的、形成有膜厚96nm、54nm和24nm的氧化硅被膜的硅晶片，以使由这些氧化硅被膜也能够算出O－Kα射线的强度。使用这些数据制成氧化物层厚度与O－Kα射线强度的校正曲线，将供试材料的氧化物层的厚度算出为以氧化硅被膜换算计的氧化物层厚度。将由此测定的值的平均值作为氧化物层的平均厚度。
氧化物层的组成分析
使用重铬酸铵2％+氨水14质量％溶液，仅溶解氧化物层，使用ICP发光分析装置对该溶液实施Zn、S、P的定量分析。
将所测定的值换算为每单位面积的含量，将其值作为含量。
聚乙烯粒子的含量分析
使用扫描式电子显微镜，以加速电压5kV、工作距离8.5mm、倍率5000倍，对随机抽出的5个视野进行观察，求出聚乙烯粒子的平均粒径、个数。求出观察视野中的每单位面积的聚乙烯粒子的合计体积，与密度相乘，由此算出含量，求出5个视野的平均值作为聚乙烯粒子的含量。
Zn、S、O的存在形态(是否存在羟基和硫酸基)
使用X射线光电子能谱仪对Zn、S、O的存在形态进行分析。使用Al Ka单色射线源，实施相当于Zn LMM，S 2p的光谱的窄谱扫描测定。
(2)加压成型性(滑动特性)的评价方法
为了评价加压成型性，对各供试材料的摩擦系数进行如下测定。
图1是表示摩擦系数测定装置的概略主视图。如图1所示，将从供试材料中采取的摩擦系数测定用试样1固定于试样台2，将试样台2固定于可水平移动的滑动桌面3的上表面。在滑动桌面3的下表面，设置具有与其接触的滚轴4的、可上下运动的滑动桌面支承台5，在滑动桌面支承台5处安装有第1负荷传感器7，该第1负荷传感器7用于通过将滑动桌面支承台5推起而对由调整杆6所致的对摩擦系数测定用试样1推压的推压负荷N进行测定。在滑动桌面3的一方的端部安装有第2负荷传感器8，该第2负荷传感器8用于对用于在使上述推压力作用的状态下使滑动桌面3在水平方向移动的滑动阻力F进行测定。应予说明，作为润滑油，将衫村化学工业株式会社制的加压用清洗油PRETON R352L涂布于试样1的表面而进行试验。
图2、图3为示出所使用的调整杆的形状和尺寸的概略立体图。以调整杆6的下表面被推压到试样1的表面的状态进行滑动。对于图2中示出的调整杆6的形状，宽度为10mm，试样的滑动方向长度为5mm，滑动方向两端的下部由曲率1.0mmR的曲面构成，推压试样的调整杆下表面具有宽度10mm、滑动方向长度3mm的平面。对于图3中示出的调整杆6的形状，宽度为10mm，试样的滑动方向长度为59mm，滑动方向两端的下部由曲率4.5mmR的曲面构成，推压试样的调整杆下表面具有宽度10mm、滑动方向长度50mm的平面。
摩擦系数测定试验在以下示出的2个条件下进行。
[条件1]
使用图2中示出的调整杆，推压负荷N：400kgf，试样的拉伸速度(滑动桌面3的水平移动速度)：100cm/min。
[条件2]
使用图3中示出的调整杆，推压负荷N：400kgf，试样的拉伸速度(滑动桌面3的水平移动速度)：20cm/min。
供试材料与调整杆之间的摩擦系数μ由式：μ＝F/N进行计算。
(3)脱脂性的评价方法
对一部分钢板进行脱脂性的评价。对于脱脂性的评价，用脱脂后的水润湿率进行评价。将衫村化学工业株式会社制的加压用清洗油PRETON R352L以单面2.0g/m2涂布于制成的试验片后，使用Nihon Parkerizing Co.,Ltd.制的FC－E6403的碱性脱脂液来进行样品的脱脂。预先向脱脂液中添加10g/L的衫村化学工业株式会社制的加压用清洗油PRETONR352L，由此来模拟汽车生产线上的碱性脱脂液的劣化。这里，脱脂时间为60秒，温度为37℃。脱脂时，用直径10cm的螺旋桨以150rpm的速度对脱脂液进行搅拌。对从脱脂结束起20秒后的试验片的水润湿率进行测定，由此进行脱脂性的评价。
将由此得到的结果示于表2。
[表2]
※○：确认到存在 ×：未确认到存在
根据表1、2，可知以下事项。
No.8～15、17～20、22～35、40～43、47～53为发明例。氧化物层中含有足够的Zn、S、聚乙烯粒子，加压成型性优异。
另一方面，比较例的加压成型性差。
对No.12进行详细的氧化物层分析，使用X射线光电子能谱仪进行分析，结果：在987eV附近观察到相当于Zn LMM的峰，可知Zn以氢氧化锌的状态存在。同样，在171eV附近观察到相当于S 2p的峰，可知S以硫酸盐的形式存在。对于其它实施例，也以同样的步骤对是否含有氢氧化锌、硫酸盐进行了调查。将确认存在和含有的例子判断为○，将未能确认的例子判断为×。调查的结果示于表2中。可知：与No.12同样，本发明例含有氢氧化锌、硫酸盐。
另外，根据脱脂性的评价结果，可知与未用含P离子的溶液进行处理的No.12相比，被膜中含有P的No.51～53具有良好的脱脂性。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的钢板由于加压成型性优异，因此能够以汽车车体用途为中心在广泛的领域中应用。
符号说明
1 摩擦系数测定用试样
2 试样台
3 滑动桌面
4 滚轴
5 滑动桌面支承台
6 调整杆
7 第1负荷传感器
8 第2负荷传感器
9 轨道
N 推压负荷
F 滑动阻力

Claims (9)

1.一种镀锌系钢板，在镀锌系钢板的表面具有氧化物层，
所述氧化物层的平均厚度为20nm以上，
在所述氧化物层中含有30mg/m2以上的Zn、1.0mg/m2以上的S、50mg/m2～1000mg/m2的平均粒径为5.0μm以下的聚乙烯粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌系钢板，其中，所述氧化物层中存在硫酸基和羟基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的镀锌系钢板，其中，所述氧化物层中进一步含有0.2mg/m2～10mg/m2的P。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板，其中，所述镀锌系钢板为合金化热浸镀锌钢板、热浸镀锌钢板、电镀锌钢板中的任一种。
5.一种权利要求1～4中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，
使镀锌系钢板与含有3g/L以上的硫酸根离子、3g/L以上的Zn离子和0.10g/L以上的聚乙烯粒子的酸性溶液接触。
6.根据权利要求5所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，所述酸性溶液的pH为2～6，温度为20℃～80℃。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，所述酸性溶液含有氧化剂。
8.根据权利要求5～7中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，所述镀锌系钢板与所述酸性溶液的接触时间为1秒～500秒。
9.根据权利要求5～8中任一项所述的镀锌系钢板的制造方法，其中，与酸性溶液接触后，使镀锌系钢板与含有0.01g/L以上的P离子的溶液接触。
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