CN110475620A - 包含c10至c28烷烃和甘油三酯的家具润滑剂 - Google Patents
包含c10至c28烷烃和甘油三酯的家具润滑剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110475620A CN110475620A CN201880015300.3A CN201880015300A CN110475620A CN 110475620 A CN110475620 A CN 110475620A CN 201880015300 A CN201880015300 A CN 201880015300A CN 110475620 A CN110475620 A CN 110475620A
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
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- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
- C07C9/14—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with five to fifteen carbon atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
- C07C9/22—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with more than fifteen carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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- F16C29/005—Guide rails or tracks for a linear bearing, i.e. adapted for movement of a carriage or bearing body there along
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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- A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
- A47B88/00—Drawers for tables, cabinets or like furniture; Guides for drawers
- A47B88/40—Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D191/00—Coating compositions based on oils, fats or waxes; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/013—Iodine value
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25D11/02—Anodisation
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- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/20—Electrolytic after-treatment
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/12—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process characterised by the article coated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
- E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
- E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
- E05D15/0621—Details, e.g. suspension or supporting guides
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
- E05Y2201/684—Rails; Tracks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
- E05Y2800/10—Additional functions
- E05Y2800/108—Lubrication
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
- E05Y2800/40—Physical or chemical protection
- E05Y2800/43—Physical or chemical protection against wear
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/20—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for furniture, e.g. cabinets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2322/00—Apparatus used in shaping articles
- F16C2322/39—General buildup of machine tools, e.g. spindles, slides, actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/109—Lubricant compositions or properties, e.g. viscosity
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Abstract
一种家具润滑剂,用于涂覆线性涂漆的家具滑杆以提供具有降低的摩擦的滑动层。该家具润滑剂包含C10至C28烷烃和甘油三酯。该家具润滑剂根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物相容的、抗老化的亲脂性家具润滑剂,其用于涂覆涂漆的家具滑杆以向塑性材料家具滑动构件(a plastic furniture sliding member)提供具有降低的摩擦的滑动层。
背景技术
线性滑动家具轴承在本领域中是已知的,并且已用于家庭内的简单结构,包括滑动门,例如衣柜门和厨房门、可延伸桌、抽屉柜、可延伸沙发床等。它们是相对简单、可靠的结构,虽然动摩擦通常相当高,但仍然经常可接受。仍然有意义的是提供用于提供具有降低的摩擦的滑动轴承的简单、廉价、安全的手段形式。降低的摩擦应该优选原则上是永久性的。此外,滑动轴承应该优选基本上免维护。另外,在当今如此需要获得足够低的摩擦的应用中,永久性的低摩擦将发展以代替滚珠轴承。
在本领域中,已知一些用于降低家庭内的简单结构用滑动轴承的摩擦的手段。这些手段包括提供各种插入物和涂层(参见例如CH 334 983)以及不同材料的组合(参见例如US 4,138,176)。尽管润滑剂通常用于工业应用,尤其是用于金属-金属界面,但是发现它们原则上未用于家庭内的简单结构,原因是它们通常需要维护和重复施加润滑剂等。此外,一方面的工业应用与另一方面的家庭应用之间的安全要求显著不同。
应进一步注意的是,摩擦系数应该优选非常低,即<0.1,优选小于0.075,或甚至小于0.06,以用于家庭内的简单结构,以代替滚珠轴承。
因此,本领域需要提供免维护、长期低动摩擦并且省去重复施加润滑剂的需要的用于家庭内的简单结构用滑动轴承的家具润滑剂。家具润滑剂应该廉价且安全,以允许包括儿童在内的人反复直接接触。
发明内容
因此,本发明试图通过提供包含C10至C28烷烃和甘油三酯的家具润滑剂来单独或以任何组合缓解、减轻、消除或规避本领域中的上述不足和缺点中的一个或更多个。润滑剂根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度应为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒。
按照ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下高于80mm2/秒的粘度倾向于增加摩擦,并且另外使得更难将家具润滑剂施加至一件家具。为了甚至更低的摩擦,优选地,在40℃下粘度应小于70mm2/秒。
按照ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下小于20mm2/秒的粘度倾向于在家具应用中产生增加的摩擦。另外,家具润滑剂倾向于更快失去其低摩擦特性,从而导致施加有其的家具的短寿命。为了甚至更好的耐久性,优选地,在40℃下粘度应为至少30mm2/秒。
已发现,通过提供包括涂覆有这样的家具润滑剂的涂漆的家具滑杆的滑动轴承可以提供非常低的动摩擦,以提供具有降低的摩擦的滑动层和在滑动层上滑动的至少一个塑性材料家具滑动构件。家具滑杆的滑动层与塑性材料家具滑动构件之间的界面形成线性滑动轴承并允许家具滑动构件沿着家具滑杆线性移动。家具滑杆具有涂覆有包含树脂的漆的滑动表面。
根据一个实施方案,至少家具滑杆的滑动表面可以为铝表面。这为涂覆在滑动表面上的漆提供有效的支撑。铝表面可以具有其上施加有漆的阳极化氧化物表面层。阳极化表面是坚硬的并且提供了施加于其上的漆的良好粘合性。家具滑杆可以是优选具有其上施加有漆的阳极化氧化物表面层的铝杆,例如铝型材。作为一个实例,滑动构件可以是已用丙烯酸类树脂进行电泳(优选阴离子电泳)涂覆并随后热固化以形成涂覆在滑动表面上的漆的铝型材。优选地,铝型材具有其上施加有漆的阳极化氧化物表面层。可以使用Honny工艺或其衍生工艺之一来获得这样的阳极化涂漆表面。然而阳极化氧化物表面层的厚度优选为至少5微米,涂覆在家具滑杆上的漆的厚度可以优选为100微米或更小。此外,根据另一个实施方案,滑动构件的滑动表面由其上施加有漆的钢制成。钢通常是坚固、坚硬且相对便宜的材料,其可以用作滑动构件的起始材料。钢表面可以通过电涂覆或自沉积来涂漆以提供具有均匀厚度的漆层。塑性材料家具滑动构件的待在滑动层上滑动的部分可以配置成沿滑动方向延伸的刀形部(blade)。此外,滑动层可以存在于沿着家具滑杆的纵轴延伸的轨道上,例如凹槽中或脊上。滑动构件包括在家具滑杆与滑动构件之间的界面处与家具滑杆接触的至少一个单独接触点。各单独接触点的接触面积可以小于3mm2。此外,至少一个接触点处的接触压力可以为至少4N/mm2。
已经出乎意料地发现,用亲脂性组合物(例如皮脂(天然的或人造的)、椰子油或液体石蜡)涂覆经树脂(例如丙烯酸类树脂)涂漆的表面提供了具有极低摩擦(滑动阻力)的滑动层。虽然在不施加润滑剂的情况下涂漆的家具滑杆和塑性材料家具滑动构件的组合的初始滑动阻力也是低的,但是发现这样的轴承仅在有限数量的滑动循环之后就卡住了。亲脂性组合物的施加降低了动摩擦(高至75%)。出乎意料地,该效果并不是仅仅暂时的,而是看起来是永久性的或至少持久的。因此可以省去补充润滑剂的需要。
在采用已用丙烯酸类树脂进行阴离子电泳涂覆随后热固化以形成漆(参见最初公开于GB 1,126,855中的Honny工艺)的铝型材的实验中,其中铝型材的漆涂覆有皮脂,在滑动门沿着所述型材往复运动超过70000次测试循环之后,摩擦保持几乎相同。如此多的循环远远超过了预期的寿命循环次数。此外,用水/清洁剂、乙醇和/或异丙醇洗涤经涂覆的铝型材不显著影响摩擦。不受任何理论约束,看起来皮脂涂层在包含丙烯酸类树脂的漆的顶部上提供不可逆地结合的润滑涂层。此外,漆在提供低摩擦方面看起来是重要的。
可以使用各种亲脂性组合物降低包括涂漆的家具滑杆和塑性材料家具滑动构件的滑动轴承的摩擦。然而,对于在家庭内的简单结构中长期使用,这样的家具润滑剂是有利的:其包含C10至C28烷烃(例如C10至C18烷烃)和甘油三酯,并且润滑剂根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒。
这样的家具润滑剂提供了优选特性(包括低摩擦、耐老化性、食品安全性、易处理性(即润滑剂适合于在用于生产家具的工业生产线中的应用)和耐磨性)的组合。合适的家具润滑剂的一个实例为包含液体石蜡与生物来源的甘油三酯组合物(例如椰子油)的混合物的组合物,其中液体石蜡优选为主要组分(>50重量%)。虽然椰子油最初提供非常低的摩擦并且具有高的耐磨性,但是摩擦随时间推移而增加。此外,椰子油在环境温度下为固体(或半固体)。从食品安全角度来看,椰子油是一种非常好的甘油三酯组合物,因为其是基本上没有食品安全问题的食品。
考虑到甘油三酯的低摩擦和其在本申请中的其他有益特性(包括食品安全性),本发明的润滑剂包含至少一种甘油三酯。家具润滑剂可以包含不同甘油三酯(即至少两种甘油三酯,例如至少3、4或5种不同甘油三酯)的混合物。此外,该组合物可以包含1重量%至50重量%的甘油三酯,例如5重量%至40重量%、或10重量%至30重量%的甘油三酯。如已提及的,家具润滑剂可以包含不同甘油三酯(即至少两种甘油三酯)的混合物。因此,家具润滑剂可以包含至少5重量%的不同甘油三酯的混合物,例如至少10重量%的不同甘油三酯的混合物,例如5重量%至40重量%、或者甚至10重量%至30重量%的不同甘油三酯的混合物。根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂包含生物来源的甘油三酯组合物,例如椰子油。就耐老化性而言,椰子油优于具有较高含量的不饱和脂肪酸的替代生物来源的甘油三酯组合物。根据ASTM D 1541-97的总碘值小于50(例如小于20)的生物来源的甘油三酯组合物代表包含在本发明的家具润滑剂中的优选的生物来源的甘油三酯组合物。
为了适合于在工业生产线中的应用但仍足够耐磨并且随时间推移产生期望的低摩擦特性,家具润滑剂根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒(例如30mm2/秒至70mm2/秒)。
包含甘油三酯的润滑剂的粘度受在组合物中包含C10至C28烷烃影响。此外,与甘油三酯相反,烷烃更耐老化。它们确实提供低摩擦,但不如甘油三酯低。此外,烷烃的混合物看起来确实比单独的烷烃提供更低的摩擦。因此,家具润滑剂可以包含至少两种不同C10至C28烷烃的混合物。液体石蜡是具有合适特性的烷烃的优选混合物的一个实例。根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂包含正烷烃、支化烷烃和任选的另外的环烷烃。
通过提供C10至C28烷烃(例如C10至C18烷烃)和甘油三酯的混合物,提供了更耐老化的家具润滑剂,其仍提供低摩擦并具有良好的易处理性和耐磨性。
家具润滑剂可以包含至少50重量%的C10至C28烷烃,例如至少60重量%的C10至C28烷烃、或至少70重量%的C10至C28烷烃。如已提及的,家具润滑剂可以包含不同C10至C28烷烃(即至少两种C10至C28烷烃)的混合物。因此,家具润滑剂可以包含至少50重量%的不同C10至C28烷烃的混合物,例如至少60重量%的不同C10至C28烷烃的混合物、或至少70重量%的不同C10至C28烷烃的混合物。不同C10至C28烷烃的混合物可以包含超过2种的不同C10至C28烷烃,例如至少3种、至少4种、或至少5种不同C10至C28烷烃。
根据一个实施方案,C10至C28烷烃为正烷烃。如果主要的C10至C28烷烃为正烷烃,则家具润滑剂还可以包含少量的支化烷烃和/或环烷烃。看起来,家具润滑剂中存在甘油三酯不仅改善摩擦而且还改善耐磨性。
如本文所用,烷烃包括正烷烃和支化烷烃。如果整数(例如C10)用作前缀,则该整数表示烷烃的碳数。作为一个实例,C16烷烃对应于十六烷,无论是直链、支链还是环状的。此外,“C10-16烷烃”表示碳数在10(例如癸烷)至16(例如十六烷)的范围内的烷烃。
根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂:
-根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒(例如30mm2/秒至70mm2/秒);
-包含至少50重量%(例如至少60重量%或至少70重量%)的一种或更多种C10至C28烷烃(例如正烷烃);以及
-包含1重量%至50重量%(例如5重量%至40重量%、或10重量%至30重量%)的一种或更多种甘油三酯。
根据一个具体实施方案,家具润滑剂:
–根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒(例如30mm2/秒至70mm2/秒);
-包含至少50重量%(例如至少60重量%或至少70重量%)的烷烃混合物(例如液体石蜡);以及
-包含1重量%至50重量%(例如5重量%至40重量%、或10重量%至30重量%)的生物来源的甘油三酯组合物(例如椰子油)。在这样的实施方案中,液体石蜡根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度可以为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒(例如30mm2/秒至70mm2/秒)。
此外,为了没有潜在危害,在家具润滑剂中芳族化合物(即包含苯环或稠合苯环的化合物)的含量是低的。根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂包含小于5重量%的芳族化合物,例如小于2.5重量%的芳族化合物、小于1.0重量%的芳族化合物、或小于0.1重量%的芳族化合物。
此外,发现不饱和组分可能负面地影响家具润滑剂的耐老化性,尽管通常会降低粘度。如技术人员所认识到的,有机样品中碳-碳双键的含量可以通过测定总碘值来确定。总碘值(也称为“碘吸附值”、“碘值”或“碘指数”)是100克化学物质所消耗的碘的以克计的质量。总碘值用于确定例如脂肪酸和甘油三酯中的不饱和度。碘值越高,存在的碳-碳双键越多。根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂根据ASTM D 1541-97的总碘值小于10,例如小于5。
如已经讨论的,家具润滑剂根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度应为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒。然而,不仅粘度与家具润滑剂的易处理性相关,而且其他相关参数(例如熔点和倾点)也与家具润滑剂的易处理性相关。根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂至少在15℃及以上的温度下以液体形式存在。此外,家具润滑剂根据ISO 3016:1994的倾点可以为20℃或更低,例如15℃或更低。如技术人员所认识到的,液体的倾点是液体变成半固体并失去其流动特性的温度。因此,倾点与本发明的家具润滑剂的易处理性相关。
此外,考虑到家具润滑剂待用于儿童和婴儿也可以抵达的家庭内的结构中,根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂中的所有组分于2016年12月31日在美国被公认为安全(GRAS)。如技术人员所认识到的,“GRAS”是短语公认为安全(Generally Recognized As Safe)的首字母缩写。根据联邦食品、药物和化妆品法案(法案)第201条和第409条,有意添加至食品的任何物质都是食品添加剂,其经历FDA的上市前审查和批准(美国食品和药物管理局),除非该物质在有资格的专家中被公认为在其预期用途的条件下已被充分证明是安全的,或者除非该物质的使用为除食品添加剂的限定之外的其他方面。根据该法案第201条和第409条以及FDA在21CFR 170.3和21CFR 170.30中的实施条例,食品物质的使用可以通过科学程序或者对于1958年以前在食品中使用的物质而是GRAS的。尤其是,如果至少甘油三酯于2016年12月31日在美国被公认为安全(GRAS),则这是优选的。如技术人员所认识到的,FDA提供GRAS通知的清单。GRAS通知的清单提供存档的有关GRAS通知的信息。
除GRAS之外,其他分类标准也可以用作选择家具润滑剂的组分时的指导。
NSF认证(参见http://www.nsf.org/)是作为美国国家卫生基金会于1944年成立的独立、知名的第三方组织。NSF开展非食品化合物计划,以评估在食品加工设施中和周围所使用的化学化合物的污染风险。符合注册条件的产品包括润滑剂、清洁剂和水处理产品。NSF白皮书TM中列出了在全面注册过程之后发现符合食品安全法规的非食品化合物和专有物质。NSF白皮书TM包含列出在各种类别下的产品,并在国际上被认可,并被产品制造商、食品加工商和监管者使用。根据一个实施方案,C10至C28烷烃或包含这样的烷烃的混合物于2016年12月31日被NSF归类为H1润滑剂。H1分类的润滑剂是可能偶然接触食品的润滑剂,并且有时也被称为“一般标准以上(above the line)”的润滑剂。这些润滑剂可以作为保护性防锈膜、作为垫片上的脱模剂或罐封闭的密封件、以及作为用于其中润滑部件可能暴露于食品的位置处的机器部件和设备的润滑剂而用在食品加工设备上。
根据另一个实施方案,C10至C28烷烃或包含这样的烷烃的混合物于2016年12月31日根据欧盟法规(EC)第1935/2004号被批准用于与食品接触。
因此,根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂(18)中的组分各自至少满足以下标准中的一者:
-于2016年12月31日在美国被公认为安全(GRAS);
-于2016年12月31日被NSF归类为H1润滑剂;以及
-于2016年12月31日根据欧盟法规(EC)第1935/2004号被批准用于与食品接触。
如已经讨论的,发现甘油三酯的耐老化性相当低,即,仅使用甘油三酯作为本发明的滑动轴承中的家具润滑剂导致摩擦随时间推移而增加,尽管初始摩擦非常低。通过将甘油三酯与C10至C18烷烃组合,耐老化性得到改善。
为了进一步改善耐老化性,在家具润滑剂中可以存在抗氧化剂。因此,家具润滑剂可以包含抗氧化剂。根据这样的一个实施方案,家具润滑剂可以包含多至5重量%的抗氧化剂,例如多至2.5重量%的抗氧化剂,例如0.1重量%至1重量%的抗氧化剂。优选地,抗氧化剂被允许用作于2016年12月31日欧盟内的食品添加剂,即具有E编码的抗氧化剂。因此,抗氧化剂可以选自E300抗坏血酸(维生素C)、E301抗坏血酸钠、E302抗坏血酸钙、E303抗坏血酸钾、E304抗坏血酸的脂肪酸酯(棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯)、E305硬脂酸抗坏血酸酯、E306生育酚(维生素E,天然的)、E307α-生育酚(合成的)抗氧化剂、E308γ-生育酚(合成的)、E309δ-生育酚(合成的)、E310棓酸丙酯、E311棓酸辛酯、E312棓酸十二烷基酯、E313棓酸乙酯、E314愈创树脂、E315异抗坏血酸、E316异抗坏血酸钠、E317 Erythorbin酸、E318 Erythorbin钠、E319叔丁基氢醌(TBHQ)、E320丁基化羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、E321丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、E323阿诺克索牟和E324乙氧喹。由于抗氧化剂待用于亲脂性润滑剂中,因此抗氧化剂优选为亲脂性的。正辛醇与水之间的分配系数是亲脂性的常用量度。因此,抗氧化剂在25℃下的log P(正辛醇/水)可以为至少1。
作为一个实例,抗氧化剂可以为生育酚,例如(±)-α-生育酚。除α-生育酚(E307)之外,还可以使用γ-生育酚(E308)和δ-生育酚(E308)作为抗氧化剂。此外,抗氧化剂可以为天然的维生素E(E306)。考虑到安全问题,生育酚例如α-生育酚(E307)是优选的本发明的家具润滑剂中的抗氧化剂。此外,抗氧化剂不仅可以选自生育酚例如(±)-α-生育酚,而且还可以选自空间位阻酚例如二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、或丁基化羟基苯甲醚(BHA)(即2-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚和/或3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚)。
附图说明
参照附图,本发明能够实现的上述和其他方面、特征和优点将从以下对本发明的描述中变得明显并得以阐明,在附图中:
图1描绘了可以使用本发明的润滑剂的滑动系统的截面;
图2描绘了图1中的滑动构件的截面;
图3描绘了用于摩擦测试的滑动系统的截面;
图4示出了用于用图3的滑动系统进行摩擦测试的布置。
具体实施方式
如本文中上面所述,本发明的家具润滑剂18可用于涂覆家具滑杆10,所述家具滑杆10具有涂覆有包含树脂16的漆的滑动表面14(参见图1)。所述漆进而至少部分地涂覆有家具润滑剂18以提供具有降低的摩擦的滑动层19。通过用家具润滑剂18涂覆漆,滑动摩擦不仅仅是暂时降低,而是获得长期、耐磨的低滑动摩擦。润滑涂层可以是永久的,省去了补充润滑涂层的需要。此外,需要非常少量的家具润滑剂18来提供降低的摩擦。因此,润滑涂层的污染不会造成任何明显的问题,因为润滑涂层由于存在量非常低而不具有显著的粘合特性。这与滑动轴承中润滑剂的正常使用形成对比。此外,已经显示,暴露于污染物(例如粉尘等)不影响降低的摩擦。润滑涂层对洗涤也不敏感。用干布和/或湿布擦拭家具滑杆10不影响降低的摩擦。
本发明的家具润滑剂18提供了用于涂漆的家具滑杆10上的有利润滑剂。涂漆的家具滑杆10在用于滑动衣柜门、可延伸桌、抽屉柜抽屉、悬挂帘幕、以及如共同未决申请PCT/SE2016/050835、PCT/EP2016/071065、PCT/EP2016/071104、PCT/EP2016/071059和PCT/SE2016/050837中描述的类似应用的系统中适用。本发明的家具润滑剂18可以进一步改善本文中描述的滑动系统。
为了提供滑动系统1,至少一个塑性材料家具滑动构件20被布置成与家具滑杆10滑动接触。通过将家具滑杆10的滑动层19与滑动构件20之间的界面布置成滑动接触,提供了线性滑动轴承。塑性材料家具滑动构件20被布置成允许滑动构件在滑动层19上滑动时沿着线性滑杆10的纵轴线性移动。此外,家具滑杆10可以设置有轨道,其在该实施方案中具有沿家具滑杆10的纵轴延伸并且限定沿着家具滑杆10的纵轴的滑动方向的凹槽11的形式。当家具滑杆10设置有凹槽11时,滑动层19至少存在于凹槽11中。
当滑动构件20沿着家具滑杆10滑动时,可以例如具有凹槽(这样的凹槽11的一个实例示于图1中)的形式或脊的形式的轨道改善了对滑动构件20相对于家具滑杆10的横向位置的控制。
图1中的放大细节示出了在该实施方案中由铝制成的家具滑杆10如何具有滑动表面14。滑动表面14涂覆有包含树脂16的漆。包含树脂16的漆进而涂覆有家具润滑剂18。由此形成滑动层19。塑性材料家具滑动构件20可以以非常低的摩擦在该滑动层19上滑动。
此外,如图2所示,塑性材料家具滑动构件20的布置成与滑动层19接触的部分可以配置为沿滑动方向延伸的刀形部21。出人意料地发现,减小家具滑杆10与塑性材料家具滑动构件20之间的界面处的接触面积减小了摩擦。通常,轴承卡住的风险通常随着接触面积的减小而增加。除非提供家具润滑剂18,否则滑动系统1确实会在几个滑动循环内卡住。
需要如此少量的家具润滑剂18,使得可以将家具润滑剂18施加至塑性材料家具滑动构件20而不是家具滑杆10。在家具滑杆10上滑动时,家具润滑剂18将被转移至家具滑杆10而在其上提供亲脂性组合物涂层。因此,可以将家具润滑剂18施加至家具滑杆10、塑性材料家具滑动构件20、或二者。
虽然家具滑杆10优选为金属构件,根据一个优选的实施方案,家具滑杆10为具有铝氧化物层的铝构件(例如线性铝型材),但是也可以考虑涂覆有包含树脂的漆的其他材料(例如钢)。为了允许长期使用和承载负载,滑动构件通常由硬质材料(例如金属或玻璃)制成。特别是,滑动构件的表面应优选为坚硬的。制造滑动构件的材料的维氏硬度可以为至少50MPa,优选至少100MPa,更优选至少150MPa,并且最优选至少300MPa。根据一个实施方案,家具滑杆10为金属杆,例如铝杆或钢杆。在这样的实施方案中,杆由金属制成。虽然优选铝杆具有氧化物层,但是也可以使用未经加工的(即,未经氧化的)涂漆的铝杆。然而,优选铝杆的表面被氧化以向该铝杆提供坚硬的氧化物表面层。
家具滑杆10可以为铝构件。此外,涂覆有漆的铝构件的表面可以为铝氧化物层。这样的氧化物层的厚度可以为至少5微米,更优选至少10微米。此外,氧化物层的厚度可以小于250微米,例如小于100微米或小于50微米。如本领域已知的,由于铝氧化物的特性,铝型材表面的耐久性和硬度可以通过氧化来改善。最初通过阳极氧化提供的氧化物层是多孔的。虽然孔可以通过蒸汽处理来封闭,但是通过用丙烯酸类树脂进行阴离子电泳涂覆随后热固化以形成漆的密封在密封多孔铝氧化物层方面甚至更有效:首先由Honny ChemicalsCo.Ltd.(参见GB1,126,855)公开的该方法通常被称为Honny工艺。
此外,与塑性材料滑杆相比,硬质刚性杆(例如铝杆或钢杆)可以承受更重的负载并且仍然提供低摩擦。因此,本发明的滑杆10还可以用于滑动抽屉。
此外,已经发现,家具滑杆10与塑性材料家具滑动构件20之间接触时的相对高的接触压力减小了摩擦。也是由于这个原因,由硬质材料(例如铝或钢)制造家具滑杆10是有益的,因为这样的材料可以承受较高的接触压力,从而减小摩擦。为了不仅仅开始提供低摩擦,而是长期提供低摩擦,在滑动层19上存在本发明的家具润滑剂18是重要的。
如本领域已知的,可以使用各种树脂(例如热固性树脂)对铝杆和其他杆涂漆,即在铝杆和其他杆上形成漆。此外,也可以使用热固性树脂对其他金属构件(例如由钢制成的金属构件)涂漆。漆包含树脂。如技术人员已知的,漆是硬的薄涂层。用于该应用的漆的树脂可以优选包含极性基团,例如羟基、羧酸基团、酰胺基团、氰基(腈基)、卤化物基团、硫化物基团、氨基甲酸酯基团、醛基和/或酮基。此外,漆的树脂可以是热固性树脂。
用于对金属涂漆的树脂的实例包括丙烯酸类树脂和聚氨酯树脂。根据一个实施方案,树脂为丙烯酸类树脂,例如丙烯酸酯树脂、丙烯酰胺树脂、甲基丙烯酸酯树脂、或甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、及其混合物。根据另一个实施方案,树脂为聚氨酯树脂。丙烯酸类树脂可以为热固性树脂。
如技术人员已知的,用于对金属表面涂漆的另外的树脂在本领域中是已知的。作为一个实例,漆的树脂可以选自阳离子环氧电泳漆、环氧和聚酯树脂、以及聚酯树脂。此外,适用于自沉积涂覆的漆(例如可获得自Henkel AG,DE的AutophoreticTM涂料(例如AquenceTM866TM和M-PP 930TM,后者为环氧-丙烯酸氨酯))也可以用于对包含铁的表面涂漆。
滑动表面14可以通过电涂覆来涂漆,所述电涂覆包括将家具滑杆10浸入包含漆的浴中并施加电场以使漆沉积到充当电极之一的滑动构件上。此外,漆可以以粉末形式或以液体形式提供。可以将粉末漆和液体漆二者喷洒到滑动表面14上以对其进行涂覆。对于粉末漆,可以使用静电涂覆。对于液体漆,可以使用湿式喷洒施加或在浴中施加。此外,除了电涂覆以外,浴中的液体漆还可以通过自沉积来施加。
为了提供低摩擦,漆的厚度应尽可能均匀。因此,可以优选通过电涂覆法,例如阴离子电泳涂覆(参见Honny法)或阳离子电泳涂覆来施加漆,从而提供非常均匀的涂层。存在两种类型的电涂覆,即阳极电涂覆和阴极电涂覆。虽然阳极法是首先在商业上开发的,但是阴极法现在被更广泛地使用。在阳极法中,使带负电的材料沉积在带正电的构成阳极的组件上。在阴极法中,使带正电的材料沉积在带负电的构成阴极的组件上。在本领域中,阴极电涂覆也被称为阴极浸漆(CDP)、阴极浸涂、阳离子电泳涂覆、阳离子电泳和阴极电沉积。此外,电涂覆法还可以通过所使用的浴材料的商品名来指代。实例包括Cathoguard(BASF)、CorMax(Du Pont)、Powercron(PPG)和Freiotherm(PPG)。此外,通过粉末漆进行静电涂覆或在浴中自沉积也提供均匀的涂层并因此可以被使用。
在对钢表面涂漆时,可以使用自沉积。如技术人员所认识到的,自沉积中的重要步骤之一是涂覆浴本身,其中将低固体(通常约4重量%至8重量%)的水基涂料乳液与两种其他产品组合。酸化的三价铁(Fe3+)氟化物的“起始”溶液引发涂覆反应,并且氧化产物使溶液中的金属离子稳定。涂料乳液在三价铁离子的存在下是稳定的,但在亚铁离子(Fe2+)的存在下是不稳定的。因此,如果亚铁离子从金属基底中释放出来,则将在表面上发生局部涂料沉积。将由含铁金属(例如钢)制成的组件浸入自沉积浴中引起酸性环境释放亚铁离子,从而引起涂料乳液沉积,形成单层涂料颗粒。Henkel Adhesive Technologies(美国)//HenkelAG&Co.KGaA(德国)提供了用于自沉积的商标为的涂料。
由于涂覆在家具滑杆10上的漆通常比家具滑杆10本身的材料更加可压缩,以及由于承载负载的滑动构件在家具滑杆10上滑动时将对漆施加压力,因此漆的厚度优选保持薄以减少其压缩。压缩漆可能负面地影响滑动阻力;特别是在滑动程序开始时,即当滑动构件从先前的静止状态开始沿着家具滑杆10移动时。
根据一个实施方案,涂覆在滑杆10上的漆的厚度因此为100μm或更小,优选75μm或更小,更优选50μm或更小。此外,涂覆在滑动构件(例如家具滑杆10)上的漆的厚度可以为5μm至75μm,例如10μm至50μm、或15μm至40μm。已经发现,这些厚度的层提供了有效的滑动行为,在滑动构件开始沿着家具滑杆10移动的情况下也是如此。
不仅由本发明的滑动构件提供的低动摩擦,而且由本发明的滑动构件提供的静摩擦与动摩擦之间的小差异在滑动行为方面均是有益的。
为了提供低摩擦,至少塑性材料家具滑动构件20的与滑动层19接触的部分由包含聚合物(例如包含极性基团的聚合物)的塑性材料制成。这样的极性基团的实例包括羟基、羧酸基团、酰胺基团、卤化物基团、硫化物基团、氰基(腈基)、氨基甲酸酯基团、醛基、和/或酮基。
聚合物可以选自:聚甲醛(POM);聚酯(例如热塑性聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和聚乳酸(PLA),以及生物系热塑性聚酯,如聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate,PHA)、聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)、和聚呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene furanoate,PEF));聚酰胺(PA);聚氯乙烯(PVC);聚苯硫醚(PPS);聚芳基醚酮(PAEK,例如聚醚醚酮(PEEK));和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。
此外,不仅塑性材料家具滑动构件20的与滑动层19接触的部分可以由聚合物制成,而且整个塑性材料家具滑动构件20也可以由聚合物制成。因此,塑性材料家具滑动构件20可以由包含聚合物的塑性材料制成。如技术人员认识到的,塑性材料还可以包含其他添加剂,例如填料、着色剂和/或增塑剂。此外,塑性材料家具滑动构件20可以由填充有颗粒和/或纤维的包含聚合物(例如以上列出的聚合物之一)的复合材料制成。颗粒和/或纤维将增加塑性材料家具滑动构件20屈服时的硬度、刚度、抗蠕变性和延伸率(压缩率)。虽然不影响摩擦,但是颗粒和/或纤维的存在可能影响磨损。因此,在塑性材料中使用颗粒和/或纤维是不太优选的。家具润滑剂18应与塑性材料家具滑动构件20以及与漆16是可相容的。因此,家具润滑剂18中的组分应优选为基本上不会使塑性材料家具滑动构件20的机械特性以及漆16劣化的物质。
根据一个实施方案(参见图2),滑动构件20可以设置有两个平行移位刀形部21、22以防止沿滑动轴旋转。此外,家具滑杆10可以设置有沿其纵向滑动轴的每侧布置的两个平行凹槽11、12。平行凹槽11、12将支撑并引导滑动构件的这样的两个平行刀形部21、22(参见图1)。
如已经详述的,家具滑杆10至少部分地涂覆有本发明的家具润滑剂18以提供滑动层19。
本发明的家具润滑剂18包含C10至C28烷烃和甘油三酯。甘油三酯可以为包含C6至C40(例如C8至C28)非芳族烃基的甘油三酯。
如技术人员已知的并且如IUPAC的金色书(国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry),Compendium of ChemicalTerminology-Gold Book,2014年2月24日的2.3.3版)中所公认的:
-烃表示仅由碳和氢组成的化合物;
-烃基表示通过从烃中除去氢原子而形成的一价基团;
-烷烃表示具有通式CnH2n+2的无环支化或非支化烃;
-环烷烃表示饱和单环烃(具有或不具有侧链,即烷基),例如环丁烷;
-烯烃表示具有一个或更多个碳-碳双键的无环支化或非支化烃;
-烷基表示通过从任何碳原子上除去氢原子而由烷烃衍生的一价基团-CnH2n+1;
-脂肪酸表示脂族一元羧酸;
-甘油三酯表示甘油(丙烷-1,2,3-三醇)与三个脂肪酸的酯(三-O-酰基甘油);以及
-非芳族表示不包含由于离域而具有增加的稳定性的任何环状共轭分子实体的化合物。
存在于家具润滑剂18中的甘油三酯可以包括这样的甘油三酯:其至少90重量%由甘油残基与己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和/或花生酸的3个残基(例如月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、和/或硬脂酸的3个残基)构成。根据一个实施方案,家具润滑剂包括生物来源的甘油三酯组合物,例如椰子油。椰子油包含由脂肪酸(其为高度饱和脂肪酸)构成的甘油三酯。椰子油可以被氢化至不同程度以进一步减少不饱和脂肪酸残基的量。
如已经提及的,家具润滑剂18包含C10至C28烷烃,例如C10至C18烷烃。作为一个实例,家具润滑剂因此可以包含矿物油,例如至少50重量%,如至少60重量%或至少70重量%的矿物油。矿物油是来自非植物(矿物)来源的高级烷烃的无色、无味、轻质混合物。此外,家具润滑剂18可以包含被称为液体石蜡的类型的矿物油,例如至少50重量%,如至少60重量%或至少90重量%的液体石蜡。液体石蜡(也被称为石蜡油(paraffinum liquidum))是用于化妆品和医疗用途的极高度精炼矿物油。优选的形式是具有CAS号8012-95-1的液体石蜡。
无需进一步详述,认为本领域技术人员可以使用前面的描述最大限度地利用本发明。因此,前述优选的具体实施方案应被解释为仅仅是说明性的而不是以任何方式限制本公开内容。
虽然以上已经参照具体实施方案描述了本发明,但是本发明并不旨在限于本文中阐述的具体形式。而是,本发明仅由所附权利要求限定,并且除了以上具体描述的那些以外的其他实施方案在这些所附权利要求的范围内同样是可能的,例如除上述那些以外的不同实施方案。
在权利要求中,术语“包括/包含”不排除其他要素或步骤的存在。此外,虽然单独的特征可以包括在不同的权利要求中,但是这些特征可以被有利地组合,并且在不同的权利要求中包括两个特征并不意味着这些特征的组合是不可行的和/或不利的。
此外,单数引用并不排除复数。没有明确数量词修饰的术语、术语“第一”、“第二”等不排除复数。
实施例
以下实施例仅是示例并且绝不应解释为限制本发明的范围,因为本发明仅由所附权利要求限定。
概述
所有化学品均获自瑞典斯德哥尔摩的Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB。使用的测试程序是基于SS-EN 14882:205。简而言之,将具有平行POM塑性材料刀形部(总计四个,沿着每个纵向滑动轴两个)的滑板设置在阳极化铝型材(参见图3)上,所述铝型材已经用丙烯酸类树脂进行了阴离子电泳涂覆并且随后热固化以提供涂漆的滑动表面。以这种方式涂漆的铝型材例如由瑞典的Sapa Profiler AB,574 38Vetlanda提供,并且以商品名SAPA HM-white出售,所述材料使用基于以上提及的Honny法的Sapa HM-white方法来生产。在摩擦测量中,以500mm/分钟的恒定速度在滑杆上拉动滑板,并使用Instron 5966拉力测试系统记录拉动滑板所需的力(参见图4)。滑板的总重量相当于10N。由于亲脂性组合物一旦施加就不能被完全除去,因此对各亲脂性组合物使用新的型材。
型材的清洁如下进行:用湿布擦拭涂覆有亲脂性组合物的型材6次,然后用干布擦拭4次。
型材的老化通过将其上施加有亲脂性组合物的新型材在85℃下的烘箱中放置6周来进行。这相当于在室温(20℃)下老化约10年。在不进行任何预先清洁的情况下将用于老化的型材放入烘箱中。
实施例1
通过使用上述测试程序,在老化(相当于在室温下使用10年)之前和之后确定将多种亲脂性组合物施加至阳极化涂漆铝型材所产生的摩擦。记录所得动摩擦(来自三个测试程序的平均值)并且与具有漆但未涂覆有任何亲脂性组合物的阳极化铝型材(=对照)的动摩擦进行比较。结果提供在下表1中。
表1
从表1中可以看出,通过将亲脂性组合物施加至阳极化铝型材使所得动摩擦降低约75%,虽然未经涂覆的阳极化铝型材的初始动摩擦不那么高。看起来,甘油三酯本身或在作为添加剂时提供最低的动摩擦。此外,包含脂肪酸或脂肪酸残基(即甘油三酯)的润滑剂不如例如液体石蜡耐老化。虽然添加抗氧化剂显著改善了甘油三酯的耐老化性,但脂肪酸仍是老化敏感的。
此外,虽然在重复的循环中经涂覆的型材的动摩擦保持低且近乎相同,但未经涂覆的阳极化的铝型材的动摩擦在小于20次测试循环之后已经显著增加(卡住)。
实施例2
还在测试台中进行了测试以模拟重量为5kg的全尺寸衣柜门。将5kg的重物放在图3所示的类型的滑板20上并且参照图3使滑板在上述类型的滑杆10上以往复运动前后移动。滑杆10具有家具润滑剂,所述家具润滑剂也被测试了摩擦(参见表1)并且包含:液体石蜡83.1%、椰子油16.7%和维生素E 0.2%。家具润滑剂根据ISO 3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为45mm2/秒。在往复运动30000次之后,滑板没有显示出任何磨损迹象,并且滑杆也没有显示出任何磨损迹象。在前500次循环期间的磨合期之后,使滑板往复运动所需的力在接下来的29500次循环期间基本上没有变化,并且在所有30000次循环期间,所述力完全符合衣柜门的要求。在相似条件下的比较测试中,在滑杆的漆上没有施加亲脂性组合物涂层。在后一种情况下,由于滑动构件与滑杆之间的摩擦快速增加(卡住),因此测试必须在小于30次循环之后停止。
Claims (15)
1.一种家具润滑剂(18),用于涂覆涂漆的家具滑杆(10)以向至少一个塑性材料家具滑动构件(20)提供具有降低的摩擦的滑动层(19),所述家具滑杆(10)的所述滑动层(19)与所述滑动构件(20)之间的界面形成线性滑动轴承以允许所述滑动构件(20)沿着所述家具滑杆(10)移动,其中所述家具润滑剂(18)包含C10至C28烷烃和甘油三酯,所述家具润滑剂根据ISO 3104:1994/Cor 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)还包含抗氧化剂,优选所述家具润滑剂(18)包含多至5重量%的所述抗氧化剂,例如多至2.5重量%的所述抗氧化剂,例如0.1重量%至1重量%的所述抗氧化剂,优选所述抗氧化剂具有E编码(被认为是食品成分),优选所述抗氧化剂在25℃下的log P(正辛醇/水)值为至少1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述抗氧化剂选自:生育酚,例如(±)-α-生育酚;和空间位阻酚,例如二丁基羟基甲苯或丁基化羟基苯甲醚。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)包含至少两种不同甘油三酯的混合物、和/或至少两种不同C10至C28烷烃的混合物;优选所述家具润滑剂(18)包含至少两种不同甘油三酯与至少两种不同C10至C28烷烃的混合物。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)包含至少50重量%的C10至C28烷烃或C10至C28烷烃的混合物,以及1重量%至50重量%的甘油三酯或甘油三酯的混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)包含至少60重量%的C10至C28烷烃或C10至C28烷烃的混合物,以及5重量%至40重量%的甘油三酯或甘油三酯的混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)包含至少70重量%的C10至C28烷烃或C10至C28烷烃的混合物,以及10重量%至30重量%的甘油三酯或甘油三酯的混合物。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)包含小于5重量%的芳族化合物,优选小于2.5重量%的芳族化合物,甚至更优选小于1.0重量%的芳族化合物。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)根据ASTM D1541-97的总碘值小于10,优选小于5。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)至少在15℃及以上的温度下以液体形式存在。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)中的组分各自至少满足以下标准中的一者:
-于2016年12月31日在美国被公认为安全(GRAS);
-于2016年12月31日被NSF归类为H1润滑剂;以及
-于2016年12月31日根据欧盟法规(EC)第1935/2004号被批准用于与食品接触。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)中的至少所述甘油三酯,但是优选所有组分于2016年12月31日在美国被公认为安全(GRAS)。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)根据ISO 3016:1994的倾点为20℃或更低,优选15℃或更低。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂(18)包含:液体石蜡,所述液体石蜡根据ISO 3104:1994/COR1:1997在40℃下的粘度优选为20mm2/秒至80mm2/秒,更优选粘度为30mm2/秒至70mm2/秒;和生物来源的甘油三酯组合物,优选椰子油,优选所述家具润滑剂(18)包含至少50重量%例如至少60重量%或至少70重量%的液体石蜡,以及1重量%至50重量%例如5重量%至40重量%、或10重量%至30重量%的椰子油。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的家具润滑剂(18),其中所述家具润滑剂根据ISO3104:1994/COR 1:1997在40℃下的粘度为30mm2/秒至70mm2/秒。
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SE1750237-8 | 2017-03-03 | ||
SE1750237A SE540465C2 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2017-03-03 | Furniture lubricant comprising a C10 to C28 alkane and a triglyceride |
PCT/SE2018/050200 WO2018160127A1 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2018-03-02 | Furniture lubricant comprising a c10 to c28 alkane and a tri-glyceride |
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CN110475620A true CN110475620A (zh) | 2019-11-19 |
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CN201880015300.3A Pending CN110475620A (zh) | 2017-03-03 | 2018-03-02 | 包含c10至c28烷烃和甘油三酯的家具润滑剂 |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US11332685B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP3589426B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110475620A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3589426T3 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE540465C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018160127A1 (zh) |
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RU2708257C2 (ru) * | 2015-09-07 | 2019-12-05 | Икея Сапплай Аг | Система скольжения раздвижного экрана |
WO2017044034A1 (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-03-16 | Ikea Supply Ag | A sofa bed, and a sofa bed sliding system for such sofa bed |
CA2996998C (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2022-06-14 | Ikea Supply Ag | A drawer, and a drawer sliding system for such drawer |
WO2023209001A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | Ikea Supply Ag | Slide rail with an open channel |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL3589426T3 (pl) | 2023-10-09 |
SE1750237A1 (sv) | 2018-09-04 |
EP4246006A3 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
EP3589426A4 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
EP3589426B1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
SE540465C2 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
EP3589426A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
WO2018160127A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 |
US20200071631A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
EP3589426C0 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
US11332685B2 (en) | 2022-05-17 |
EP4246006A2 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
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