CN110438523A - 一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法 - Google Patents
一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110438523A CN110438523A CN201910837412.3A CN201910837412A CN110438523A CN 110438523 A CN110438523 A CN 110438523A CN 201910837412 A CN201910837412 A CN 201910837412A CN 110438523 A CN110438523 A CN 110438523A
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- Prior art keywords
- ester
- deuterated
- heavy water
- cinnamic acid
- reaction
- Prior art date
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical group [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 menthol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-estrone Natural products OC1=CC=C2C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)=O)C4C3CCC2=C1 DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003399 estrone Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- KGEKLUUHTZCSIP-HOSYDEDBSA-N [(1s,4s,6r)-1,7,7-trimethyl-6-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] acetate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@H](OC(=O)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C KGEKLUUHTZCSIP-HOSYDEDBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- CMJBUEMLDSCLEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexyloxolane Chemical compound C1CCOC1C1CCCCC1 CMJBUEMLDSCLEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KBEBGUQPQBELIU-CMDGGOBGSA-N Ethyl cinnamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KBEBGUQPQBELIU-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NGHOLYJTSCBCGC-VAWYXSNFSA-N benzyl cinnamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NGHOLYJTSCBCGC-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KBEBGUQPQBELIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KBEBGUQPQBELIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NGHOLYJTSCBCGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-cinnamic acid benzyl ester Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NGHOLYJTSCBCGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- OHHIVLJVBNCSHV-MDZDMXLPSA-N Butyl cinnamate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OHHIVLJVBNCSHV-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBFNGRDFKUJVIN-VAWYXSNFSA-N phenyl (e)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 NBFNGRDFKUJVIN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AOWPVIWVMWUSBD-RNFRBKRXSA-N [(3r)-3-hydroxybutyl] (3r)-3-hydroxybutanoate Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CCOC(=O)C[C@@H](C)O AOWPVIWVMWUSBD-RNFRBKRXSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 14
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 13
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Natural products C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- MKJIEFSOBYUXJB-VFJJUKLQSA-N (3r,11br)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-9,10-bis(trideuteriomethoxy)-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydrobenzo[a]quinolizin-2-one Chemical compound C1CN2C[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)C[C@@H]2C2=C1C=C(OC([2H])([2H])[2H])C(OC([2H])([2H])[2H])=C2 MKJIEFSOBYUXJB-VFJJUKLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTWIZMNMTWYQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical class CC1OCCO1 HTWIZMNMTWYQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007960 acetonitrile Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- IGUMLGLEYCGKBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 3-phenylpropanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 IGUMLGLEYCGKBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950005031 deutetrabenazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- VIGODTIMSIHKSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-phenylpropanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 VIGODTIMSIHKSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005838 radical anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0492—Applications, solvents used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/34—Size selective separation, e.g. size exclusion chromatography, gel filtration, permeation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/42—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the development mode, e.g. by displacement or by elution
- B01D15/424—Elution mode
- B01D15/426—Specific type of solvent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/08—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in rotating vessels; Atomisation on rotating discs
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- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/085—Removing impurities
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- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
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- C25B3/07—Oxygen containing compounds
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- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
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- C25B3/25—Reduction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7206—Mass spectrometers interfaced to gas chromatograph
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
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- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
- G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
- G01N2030/884—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,往反应器中加入电解质、含有烯键或炔键的有机物、重水和有机溶剂,以碳毡作为电极材料,在惰性气体氛围下,通入4‑8V的直流电压进行电解反应,将反应产物进行纯化,即得到氘代产物。本发明采用重水作为氘源,利用廉价易得的碳电极材料作为阴极和阳极,在有机溶剂中通过直流电解,获得氘化产物,反应过程无需任何过渡金属催化剂,反应的产率在50%‑90%,氘代率在90%以上。由于避免了过渡金属的使用,反应适合在后期对药物分子进行修饰,同时,由于反应路径与过渡金属催化的反应历程不同,可以实现与过渡金属催化的氘化反应不同的化学选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以重水为氘源的氘代方法,尤其是一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
在分子中将碳氢键替换为碳氘键,可以显著提高对应位点的化学稳定性,对于药物的代谢与药效有独特的作用,目前第一例氘代药物Austedo已经于2017年获得FDA批准,在药物合成中是一个里程碑的事件。同时,在已经上市的药物中引入氘原子,可以最小程度的改变药物的性质,同时可以作为一种新药申请。由于这个独特的优势,氘代技术近两年来获得了广泛的关注。
以往的氘代技术需要用到特殊的氘代试剂,例如,需要利用氘代醇,氘代二甲亚砜,氘代乙腈等溶剂,成本高,难以大规模实施。作为最基本的氘的来源,重水廉价易得,无需昂贵的二次氘代试剂,安全环保。利用重水作为氘源直接对有机分子进行氘化,会获得最大的原子经济性和步骤经济性。但是,现有技术中利用重水作为氘源直接对有机分子进行氘化,主要是在过渡金属催化下以还原剂现场产生金属氘络合物,进而发生与氢化反应类似的氘化反应。而在药物合成中,在最后阶段需要尽量避免过渡金属催化剂的使用,以免在药物活性成分引入高毒性物质。因此,迫切需要一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂氘代方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术的不足,一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,该方法可以利用阴极还原的方式实现将不饱和键转化为阴离子自由基,通过与重水直接反应,就可以生成碳氘键,整个反应无需过渡金属的参与。
技术方案
一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法:往反应器中加入电解质、含有烯键或炔键的有机物、重水和有机溶剂,以碳毡作为电极材料,在惰性气体氛围下,通入4-8V的直流电压进行电解反应,将反应产物进行纯化,即得到氘代产物。
所述含有烯键或炔键的有机物选自烯烃、炔烃、不饱和酯、不饱和酰胺或不饱和羧酸中的一种。
进一步,所述含有烯键或炔键的有机物选自3-苯基-2-丙烯酸乙酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸丁酯、3-苯基-丙酸-1-戊烯-4-酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-环己酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-环己酯四氢呋喃基-3酯,3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-磷酸二乙酯基甲酯,3-苯基-2-丙烯酸苄酯,3-苯基-2-丙烯酸苯酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸薄荷醇酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸雌酚酮酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸龙脑酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸孕酮酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸雌酚酮酯或3-苯基-2-丙酸胆固醇酯中的任意一种。
进一步,所述电解质为四丁基四氟硼酸铵或LiClO4中的任意一种,电解质浓度为0.02mol/L。
进一步,所述重水与含有烯键或炔键的有机物的摩尔比为5-20:1。
进一步,所述有机溶剂为DMF或乙腈中的任意一种。
进一步,所述惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
进一步,所述纯化过程为:先将反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取后的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,接着过滤,将滤液旋干,然后采用以300-400目硅胶作为固定相的柱层析技术,干法上样,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液为洗脱剂进行洗脱,GC-MS检测洗脱液,将收集的层析液浓缩。
本发明的有益效果:本发明以含有烯键或炔键的有机物作为原料,采用重水作为氘源,利用廉价易得的碳电极材料作为阴极和阳极,在有机溶剂中通过直流电解,获得氘化产物,反应过程无需任何过渡金属催化剂,并且采用廉价通用玻璃仪器作为反应器,无需特殊仪器及隔膜。反应的产率在50%-90%,氘代率在90%以上。由于避免了过渡金属的使用,反应适合在后期对药物分子进行修饰。同时,由于反应路径与过渡金属催化的反应历程不同,可以实现与过渡金属催化的氘化反应不同的化学选择性,反应可以耐受富电子烯烃,多种杂环,对氢化敏感的保护基团如Cbz,Alloc等,反应无需任何酸碱添加剂,无任何辅助试剂,转化能耗为200-500mW/mmol。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法:往容积为10mL的透明两口反应瓶中,加入四丁基四氟硼酸铵(32.9mg,0.1mmol),将装有电极的橡胶塞塞住一个瓶口,用微量进样器加入3-苯基-2-丙烯酸乙酯(35.2mg,0.2mmol)和氘水(80.0mg,4mmol),再加入5mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,以氩气吹扫,将反应瓶放于磁力搅拌器上,接上电极,将电压设为6V,在6V电压下搅拌2-10小时,反应结束之后,将反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液旋干。采用以300-400目硅胶作为固定相的柱层析技术,干法上样,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液为洗脱剂进行洗脱,GC-MS检测洗脱液,将收集的层析液浓缩,得到32.7mg氘代产物2a(3-苯基-2-丙酸乙酯),产率91%,氘代率为苄位99%,羰基邻位99%。
产物2a的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.30–7.25(m,2H),7.21–7.18(m,3H),4.12(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.95–2.91(m,1.01H,99%D),2.62–2.58(m,1.01H,99%D),1.23(t,J=7.1Hz,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.9,140.5,128.5,128.3,126.2,60.4,35.6(t,J=20.0Hz),30.6(t,J=20.0Hz),14.2.
实施例2
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸丁酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2b(3-苯基-丙酸正丁酯),产率为89%,氘代率为苄位99%,羰基邻位98%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.30–7.26(m,2H),7.21–7.17(m,3H),4.07(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),2.95–2.91(m,1.03H,97%D),2.62–2.59(m,1.04H,96%D),1.61–1.54(m,2H),1.38–1.28(m,2H),0.91(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ173.0,140.5,128.5,128.3,126.2,64.3,35.6(t,J=20.0Hz),30.7,30.6(t,J=20.0Hz),19.1,13.7.
实施例3
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-1-戊烯-4-酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2c(3-苯基-丙酸-1-戊烯-4-酯),产率为86%,氘代率苄位为97%,羰基邻位为98%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.30–7.25(m,2H),7.21–7.17(m,3H),5.75–5.65(m,1H),5.06(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.03(s,1H),5.00–4.92(m,1H),2.94–2.91(m,1.03H,97%D),2.60–2.56(m,1.02H,98%D),2.27(qt,J=14.1,6.6Hz,2H),1.18(d,J=6.3Hz,3H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.4,140.5,133.7,128.4,128.3,126.2,117.6,70.1,40.2,35.8(t,J=20.0Hz),30.7(t,J=20.0Hz),19.4.
实施例4
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-环己酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2d(3-苯基-2-丙酸-环己酯),产率为80%,氘代率苄位为97%,羰基邻位为96%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.30–7.25(m,2H),7.21–7.17(m,3H),4.75(dt,J=9.0,4.7Hz,1H),2.95–2.91(m,1.03H,97%D),2.61–2.57(m,1.04H,96%D),1.81–1.75(m,2H),1.72–1.67(m,2H),1.56–1.49(m,1H),1.42–1.22(m,5H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.4,140.6,128.4,128.3,126.2,72.6,35.9(t,J=20.0Hz),31.6,30.7(t,J=20.0Hz),25.4,23.7.
实施例5
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-环己酯四氢呋喃基3酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2e(3-苯基-丙酸-环己酯四氢呋喃基3酯),产率为88%,氘代率苄位为98%,羰基邻位为95%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.30–7.25(m,2H),7.22–7.18(m,3H),5.29–5.26(m,1H),3.88–3.80(m,3H),3.75(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),2.94–2.91(m,1.02H,98%D),2.64–2.60(m,1.05H,95%D),2.17–2.08(m,1H),1.94–1.88(m,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.7,140.2,128.5,128.3,126.3,74.8,73.1,67.0,35.5(t,J=20.0Hz),32.7,30.5(t,J=20.0Hz).
实施例6
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-磷酸二乙酯基甲酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2f(3-苯基-丙酸-磷酸二乙酯基甲酯),产率为68%,氘代率苄位为96%,羰基邻位为91%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.31–7.27(m,2H),7.21–7.19(m,3H),4.39(s,1H),4.36(s,1H),4.15(p,J=8.0,7.5Hz,4H),2.98–2.94(m,1.04H,96%D),2.73–2.69(m,1.04H,96%D),1.33(t,J=7.1Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,Chloroform-d)δ171.9(d,J=7.6Hz),140.0,128.5,128.3,126.4,62.8(d,J=6.2Hz),56.9(d,J=169.4Hz),35.1(t,J=20.0Hz),30.4(t,J=20.0Hz),16.4(d,J=5.8Hz).
实施例7
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸苄酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2g(3-苯基-丙酸苄酯),产率为77%,氘代率苄为96%,羰基邻位为91%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.36–7.25(m,7H),7.21–7.17(m,3H),5.10(s,2H),2.97–2.93(m,1.04H,96%D),2.68–2.64(m,1.09H,91%D);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.7,140.4,136.0,128.6,128.5,128.3,128.2,126.3,66.3,35.6(t,J=20.0Hz),30.6(t,J=20.0Hz).
实施例8
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸苯酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2h(3-苯基-丙酸苯酯),产率为82%,氘代率苄为99%,羰基邻位为94%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.37–7.30(m,4H),7.27–7.19(m,4H),7.00(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),3.08–3.04(m,1.01H,99%D),2.88–2.85(m,1.06H,94%D);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ171.4,150.7,140.1,129.4,128.6,128.4,126.5,125.8,121.6,35.7(t,J=20.0Hz),30.61(t,J=20.0Hz).
实施例9
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸薄荷醇酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2i(3-苯基-丙酸薄荷醇酯),产率为73%,氘代率苄位为99%,羰基邻位为94%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.29–7.25(m,2H),7.20–7.17(m,3H),4.67(td,J=10.9,4.4Hz,1H),2.94–2.90(m,1.01H,99%D),2.61–2.57(m,1.06H,94%D),1.93(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),1.76–1.64(m,3H),1.52–1.40(m,3H),1.36–1.29(m,1H),1.08–0.98(m,1H),0.96–0.83(m,8H),0.70(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.5,140.5,128.4,128.3,126.2,74.2,47.0,40.9,35.8(t,J=20.0Hz),34.3,31.4,30.7(t,J=20.0Hz),26.2,23.4,22.0,20.8,16.3.
实施例10
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸龙脑酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2j(3-苯基-2-丙烯酸龙脑酯),产率为86%,氘代率苄位为93%,羰基邻位为97%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.34–7.30(m,2H),7.26–7.21(m,3H),4.90(dt,J=9.9,2.8Hz,1H),2.98–2.93(m,1.07H,93%D),2.69–2.66(m,1.03H,97%D),2.39–2.32(m,1H),1.94–1.88(m,1H),1.79–1.71(m,2H),1.69–1.67(m,1H),1.33–1.17(m,2H),0.92(s,3H),0.89(s,3H),0.81(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ173.3,140.5,128.5,128.3,126.2,79.9,48.7,47.8,44.9,36.7,35.8(t,J=20.0Hz),30.7(t,J=20.0Hz),28.0,27.1,19.7,18.9,13.5.
实施例11
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸(3aR,5S,6S,6aR)-5-((R)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)-2,2-二甲基四氢呋喃[2,3-d][1,3]二氧杂-6-酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2k(3-苯基-丙酸(3aR,5S,6S,6aR)-5-((R)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)-2,2-二甲基四氢呋喃[2,3-d][1,3]二氧杂-6-酯),产率62%,氘代率苄为97%,羰基邻位为95%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.30(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.24–7.19(m,3H),5.73(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.22(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.25(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),4.20–4.14(m,2H),4.06–3.98(m,2H),2.96–2.93(m,1.03H,97%D),2.69–2.64(m,1.05H,95%D),1.50(s,3H),1.40(s,3H),1.31(s,3H),1.27(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ171.5,139.9,128.5,128.4,126.5,112.2,109.3,105.0,83.2,79.7,76.1,72.4,67.2,35.4(t,J=20.0Hz),30.6(t,J=20.0Hz),26.9,26.7,26.2,25.3.
实施例12
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸孕酮酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2l(3-苯基-丙酸孕酮酯),产率为52%,氘代率苄位为97%,羰基邻位为96%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.34–7.30(m,2H),7.27–7.22(m,4H),6.78(dd,J=8.5,2.4Hz,1H),6.74(s,1H),3.07–3.04(m,1.03H,97%D),2.89(dd,J=9.5,4.8Hz,2H),2.85–2.83(m,1.04H,96%D),2.51(dd,J=18.8,8.6Hz,1H),2.42–2.37(m,1H),2.31–2.24(m,1H),2.19–1.94(m,4H),1.65–1.41(m,6H),0.90(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ171.7,148.5,140.1,138.0,137.4,128.6,128.4,126.4,126.4,121.6,118.7,50.5,48.0,44.2,38.0,36.0,35.7(t,J=20.0Hz),31.6,30.6(t,J=20.0Hz),29.4,26.4,25.8,21.6,13.8.
实施例13
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸雌酚酮酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2m(3-苯基-丙酸雌酚酮酯),产率为57%,氘代率苄位为98%,酯羰基邻位为96%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.31–7.26(m,2H),7.20(dd,J=7.3,5.5Hz,3H),5.37(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.65–4.57(m,1H),2.95–2.91(m,1.02H,98%D),2.61–2.57(m,1.04H,96%D),2.54(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),2.28(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.22–2.17(m,1H),2.13(s,3H),2.06–1.97(m,2H),1.89–1.81(m,2H),1.68–1.44(m,8H),1.29–1.10(m,4H),1.01(s,3H),0.63(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ209.6,172.4,140.5,139.7,128.5,128.3,126.2,122.3,73.9,63.7,56.8,49.9,44.0,38.8,38.0,37.0,36.6,35.9(t,J=20.0Hz),31.8,31.8,31.6,30.7(t,J=20.0Hz),27.7,24.5,22.8,21.0,19.3,13.2.
实施例14
的合成:
含有烯键或炔键的有机物为3-苯基-2-丙烯酸胆固醇酯,其余与实施例1相同,最后得到氘代产物2n(3-苯基-2-丙酸胆固醇酯),产率为45%,氘代率苄位为99%,羰基邻位为94%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.30–7.26(m,2H),7.21–7.18(m,3H),5.36(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),4.65–4.57(m,1H),2.95–2.91(m,1.01H,99%D),2.60–2.56(m,1.06H,94%D),2.28(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),2.04–1.76(m,6H),1.57–1.08(m,20H),1.01(s,3H),0.91(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.87(d,J=1.5Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=1.5Hz,3H),0.67(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.3,140.7,139.7,128.4,128.3,126.2,122.6,74.0,56.7,56.1,50.0,42.3,39.7,39.5,38.1,37.0,36.6,36.2,35.9(t,J=20.0Hz),35.8,31.9,31.9,30.7(t,J=20.0Hz),28.2,28.0,27.8,24.3,23.8,22.8,22.6,21.0,19.3,18.7,11.9.
Claims (7)
1.一种以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,其特征在于,往反应器中加入电解质、含有烯键或炔键的有机物、重水和有机溶剂,以碳毡作为电极材料,在惰性气体氛围下,通入4-8V的直流电压进行电解反应,将反应产物进行纯化,即得到氘代产物;
所述含有烯键或炔键的有机物选自烯烃、炔烃、不饱和酯、不饱和酰胺或不饱和羧酸中的一种。
2.如权利要求1所述以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,其特征在于,所述含有烯键或炔键的有机物选自3-苯基-2-丙烯酸乙酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸丁酯、3-苯基-丙酸-1-戊烯-4-酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-环己酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-环己酯四氢呋喃基-3酯,3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-磷酸二乙酯基甲酯,3-苯基-2-丙烯酸苄酯,3-苯基-2-丙烯酸苯酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸薄荷醇酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸雌酚酮酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸龙脑酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸孕酮酯、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸雌酚酮酯或3-苯基-2-丙酸胆固醇酯中的任意一种。
3.如权利要求1所述以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,其特征在于,所述电解质为四丁基四氟硼酸铵或LiClO4中的任意一种,电解质浓度为0.02mol/L。
4.如权利要求1所述以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,其特征在于进一步,所述重水与含有烯键或炔键的有机物的摩尔比为5-20:1。
5.如权利要求1所述以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为DMF或乙腈中的任意一种。
6.如权利要求1所述以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,其特征在于,所述惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
7.如权利要求1至6所述以重水为氘源的无催化剂电化学氘代方法,其特征在于,所述纯化过程为:先将反应产物用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取后的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,接着过滤,将滤液旋干,然后采用以300-400目硅胶作为固定相的柱层析技术,干法上样,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合液为洗脱剂进行洗脱,GC-MS检测洗脱液,将收集的层析液浓缩。
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