CN110396678A - 成膜装置和成膜方法 - Google Patents
成膜装置和成膜方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110396678A CN110396678A CN201910316597.3A CN201910316597A CN110396678A CN 110396678 A CN110396678 A CN 110396678A CN 201910316597 A CN201910316597 A CN 201910316597A CN 110396678 A CN110396678 A CN 110396678A
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- Prior art keywords
- film forming
- gas
- forming gas
- film
- substrate
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 269
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- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde Chemical group NC1=NC(Cl)=C(C=O)C(Cl)=N1 GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 4,4 '-diamino-diphenyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
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Abstract
本发明提供在对基板供给相互反应而成为膜物质的成膜气体、形成由膜物质构成的膜的成膜装置中,生产率高、且提高在基板形成的膜的膜厚的面内均匀性和面间均匀性的技术。在处理容器内设置使基板绕旋转轴公转的旋转台,构成为进行载置于旋转台的加热。另外,配置向旋转台吐出成膜气体的气体供给部,使其在旋转台旋转时与基板发生移动的移动区域相对,设置气体供给孔使其从旋转台的中心侧至周缘侧的范围与移动区域交叉。而且在移动区域中的互相重叠的区域同时供给第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体。因此,能够连续处理多个基板,因此生产率提高,并且在基板形成的膜的膜厚的面内均匀性和面间均匀性良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及成膜装置和成膜方法。
背景技术
在半导体装置的制造工序中,有时使对半导体晶片(以下称为“晶片”)等的基板供给的处理气体反应而进行成膜处理。
作为成膜处理的例子,例如在专利文献1中,记载了如下例子:将互相反应的包含有机反应体的第一、第二反应体的蒸汽通过水平流动供给到被基板支撑体支撑的基板,而形成有机膜。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2017-76784号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明提供在对基板供给互相反应而成为膜物质的成膜气体,形成由膜物质构成的膜的成膜装置中,生产率高、且提高在基板形成的膜的膜厚的面内均匀性和面间均匀性的技术。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明的成膜装置的特征在于,包括:
形成真空气氛的处理容器;
旋转台,其设置在上述处理容器内,在其上表面侧形成有用于载置多个基板的基板载置区域,具有用于使上述基板载置区域绕旋转轴公转的旋转机构;
加热载置于上述基板载置区域的基板的加热机构;
气体供给部,其以在使上述旋转台旋转时,与基板发生移动的移动区域相对的方式设置,吐气孔以从上述旋转台的旋转中心侧至周缘侧的范围与上述移动区域交叉的方式形成,该吐气孔用于向上述旋转台侧吐出吸附于由上述加热机构加热的基板的表面、用于互相反应而形成膜物质的作为成膜气体的第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体;和
用于将上述处理容器内排气的排气部,
上述第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体被同时供给至上述移动区域的相互重叠的区域。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够提供在对基板供给互相反应而成为膜物质的成膜气体、形成由膜物质构成的膜的成膜装置中,生产率高、且在基板形成的膜的膜厚的面内均匀性和面间均匀性的技术
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式涉及的聚酰亚胺生成的过程的反应图。
图2是本发明的实施方式涉及的成膜装置的纵向侧视图。
图3是上述成膜装置的横剖俯视图。
图4是有关吸附于晶片的成膜气体的吸附量变化的机理的说明图。
图5是表示上述成膜装置中的成膜气体的分压和晶片的加热温度的设定思路的说明图。
图6是说明上述成膜装置中的成膜气体供给区域和成膜气体的流向的俯视图。
图7A是说明实施方式涉及的成膜气体的第1例的说明图。
图7B是说明上述成膜气体的第2例的说明图。
图7C是说明上述成膜气体的第3例的说明图。
图8是表示预备试验中使用的成膜装置的纵向侧视图。
图9是表示预备试验中的每个温度时的所形成的膜的膜厚相对于距气体供给嘴的距离的特性图。
符号说明
3 气体供给嘴
4 排气口
2 旋转台
10 真空容器
7 加热器
具体实施方式
对一个实施方式涉及的成膜装置进行说明。该成膜装置向作为基板的晶片供给互相反应的包含第一单体的第一成膜气体和包含第二单体的第二成膜气体,进行在晶片的表面形成由反应物的膜物质构成的膜的成膜处理。在实施方式中,作为第一单体使用二官能性的酸酐、例如PMDA(C10H2O6:苯均四酸酐),作为第二单体使用二官能性的胺、例如ODA(C12H12N2O:4,4’―二氨基二苯基醚),生成由聚酰亚胺形成的膜物质。
对聚酰亚胺的合成进行说明。如图1所示,具体而言,PMDA中具有2个包含由4个碳元素(C)和1个氧元素(O)通过单键(Single bond)彼此连接而成环状的5元环的官能团,与上述氧元素相邻的碳元素分别通过双键连接其他氧元素。而且,构成5元环的氧元素分别朝向外侧配置,并且在这2个官能团之间,夹着共有着各个官能团中的2个碳元素的苯环而形成的芳香族单体。上述5元环用于形成酰亚胺环。
ODA中配置有2个具有1个氮元素(N)和2个氢元素(H)的氨基(-NH2),这些氮元素分别与二苯醚的一端侧和另一个侧结合。此外,在图1中,省略记载碳元素和氢元素。而且,如果将这2种单体互相混合,则会生成作为前体的聚酰胺酸,因此通过该前体的热处理(加热)会发生脱水缩合,合成图1的下部所示的聚酰亚胺。
接着,对成膜装置的构成进行说明。如图2、图3所示,成膜装置具有形成真空气氛的扁平的大致圆形的真空容器(处理容器)10,真空容器10由构成侧壁和底部的容器主体12与顶板11构成。在真空容器10内设置有水平载置直径300mm的多个晶片W的圆形的旋转台2。如图2所示在旋转台2的上表面(一个面侧),沿着旋转台2的周向(旋转方向),设置有由6个圆形的凹部构成的载置部(基板载置区域)24,用于在各载置部24的凹部内载置晶片W。
在旋转台2的背面中央部经由旋转轴22设置有旋转机构23,旋转台2在成膜处理中绕铅直轴(图2所示的旋转台2的中心C)从上方看时以顺时针方向旋转。因此,旋转台2构成为使载置了晶片W的载置部24绕旋转轴22公转。如果使载置有晶片W的旋转台2旋转,则载置于载置部24的晶片W进行公转,由此图3中一点划线所示的移动区域A移动。图2中的20为收纳旋转轴22和旋转机构23的壳体。该壳体20连接有用于对旋转台2的下方区域供给氮气作为吹扫气体的吹扫气体供给管72。
如图2所示,在真空容器10的底部的旋转台2的下方以同心圆状设置有作为加热机构的多个加热器7,构成为对载置于各载置部24的晶片W加热。此外,图2中的70是覆盖加热器7的上方侧的覆盖部件。另外,如图3所示在真空容器10的侧壁,晶片W的搬运口15开口,构成为利用闸阀16自由开闭。真空容器10内的邻近搬运口15的位置成为晶片W的交接位置,在与该交接位置对应的部位在旋转台2的下方侧设置有贯通载置部24用于将晶片W从背面举起的交接用的升降销及其升降机构(均未图示)。而且,晶片W经由搬运口15,通过设置于真空容器10的外部的未图示的基板搬运机构,被搬运至交接位置,利用基板搬运机构与升降销的协同作用,交接到载置部24。
另外,在真空容器10的侧壁设置有用于向旋转台2供给包含PMDA的第一成膜气体和包含ODA的第二成膜气体的作为气体供给部的气体供给嘴3。气体供给嘴3构成为前端封闭的筒状,从真空容器10的外周壁向中心延伸,以在使旋转台2旋转时与晶片W移动的已述的移动区域A交叉的方式,朝向旋转台2的径向设置。另外,气体供给嘴3设置为在该旋转台2的上方位置与晶片W的移动区域A相对。
在构成为筒状的气体供给嘴3的下表面设置有沿其长度方向等间隔排列的多个吐气孔30。基于上述的气体供给嘴3的配置,可以说这些吐气孔30从与上述移动区域A交叉的旋转台2的旋转中心侧形成至周缘侧的范围。
在位于真空容器10外侧的气体供给嘴3的基端部连接有气体供给管31。气体供给管31在上游侧分支成2根气体导入管53、63。气体导入管53的上游侧依次经由流量调节部M1、阀V1被连接至PMDA气化部51。
在PMDA气化部51内,PMDA以固体的状态储藏,PMDA气化部51具有加热该PMDA的未图示的加热器。另外,在PMDA气化部51连接有载气供给管54的一端,载气供给管54的另一端依次经由阀V2、气体加热部58,被连接至N2(氮)气供给源52。通过这样的构成,作为载气的N2气以被加热的状态被供给到PMDA气化部51,在该PMDA气化部51内被加热的气化的PMDA和N2气混合而成为混合气体,作为第一成膜气体被导入至气体供给嘴3。
进而,载气供给管54的气体加热部58的下游侧且阀V2的上游侧分支形成气体供给管55,该气体供给管55的下游端经由阀V3与气体导入管53的阀V1的下游侧且流量调节部M1的上游侧连接。通过这样的构成,在不对气体供给嘴3供给上述第一成膜气体时,能够将在气体加热部58被加热的N2气绕过PMDA气化部51而导入到气体供给嘴3。
另一方面,气体导入管63的另一端依次经由流量调节部M2、阀V4被连接至ODA气化部61。在ODA气化部61内,ODA以液体(或者颗粒状的固体)的状态贮存,ODA气化部61具有加热该ODA的未图示的加热器。另外,载气供给管64的一端连接于该ODA气化部61,载气供给管64的另一端经由阀V5、气体加热部68被连接至N2气供给源62。通过这样的构成,被加热的载气N2气体以加热的状态供给至ODA气化部61,在该ODA气化部61内被加热且气化的ODA和N2气混合成为混合气体,作为第二成膜气体能够被导入气体供给嘴3。
进而,载气供给管64的气体加热部68的下游侧且阀V5的上游侧分支而形成气体供给管65,该气体供给管65的下游端经由阀V6被连接至气体导入管63的阀V4的下游侧且流量调节部M2的上游侧。通过这样的构成,在不对气体供给嘴3供给上述第二成膜气体时,在气体加热部68被加热的N2气能够绕过ODA气化部61而导入气体供给嘴3。
在气体供给管31和气体导入管53、63上,为了防止流通中的成膜气体中的PMDA和ODA发生液化或附着,例如用于加热管内的配管加热器32、57、67被分别设置在管的周围。利用该配管加热器32、57、67,调节从气体供给嘴3吐出的成膜气体的温度。此外,为了方便图示,配管加热器60仅表示了配管的一部分,但为了能够防止液化,例如设置于配管整体。另外,用于供给清洁用的气体的清洁气体供给管33的一端连接于气体供给管31。清洁气体供给管33的另一端侧分支成2根,在各端部分别连接有N2气供给源34和O2(氧)气供给源35。此外,图2、3中的V7、V8为阀。通过这样的构成,能够在真空容器10内经由气体供给嘴3,供给作为清洁气体的被N2气稀释的O2气。
另外,从真空容器10的底面的周缘的、气体供给嘴3的位置看,在旋转台2的旋转方向的下游侧的位置设置有排气口4。向着旋转台2的径向设置的气体供给嘴3与从排气口4向旋转台2的中心C划的直线所成的角度θ优选设定在30~90°的范围,例如设定为60°。另外,也可以构成为使排气口4的位置在上述角度θ为30~90°的范围内可变。例如在变更材料的选择或气体的流量、温度、压力等工艺参数时,在气体的浓度的均匀性产生偏差的情况下,通过调节排气口4的位置能够改善气体浓度的均匀性。排气管42的一端连接于排气口4,真空泵43连接于排气管42的另一端。
进而在顶板11设置有容器加热部71,该容器加热部71加热真空容器10使其达到成膜抑制温度(240℃),该成膜抑制温度比晶片W的加热温度(200℃)的温度高,抑制成膜气体的吸附,抑制聚酰亚胺的形成。由此,聚酰亚胺在真空容器10内的形成被抑制。
此外,成膜装置具有用于向旋转台2照射紫外线、进行旋转台2的清洁的紫外线照射部8。如图2所示,从上表面侧观察时,紫外线照射部8以夹着旋转台2的中心C沿着其直径方向的方式设置。紫外线照射部8成为在灯罩82的内部配置有紫外线灯83的结构,构成为能够经由形成于顶板11的透过窗81对旋转台2的表面照射紫外线。
具有上述构成的成膜装置具有作为计算机的控制部90,该控制部90具有程序、内存、CPU。程序中,为了进行对后述的晶片W的处理编入有命令(各步骤:步骤群)。该程序存储于计算机存储介质、例如光盘、硬盘、磁光盘、DVD等,安装于控制部90。控制部90通过该程序对成膜装置的各部分输出控制信号,控制各部分的动作。
具体而言,控制信号控制由真空泵43的排气流量、通过流量调节部M1、M2向真空容器10内供给的各气体的流量、从N2气供给源52、62的N2气的供给、向各加热器的供给电力等的各控制对象。
在具有以上说明的构成的实施方式涉及的成膜装置中,将晶片W的加热温度、第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体的供给量(第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体的分压)作为操作变量,控制在晶片W的表面成膜的聚酰亚胺的膜的膜厚。
在晶片W的表面吸附相互反应的单体而形成膜物质的吸附反应中,膜物质的形成量(以下也称为“成膜量”)依赖于各单体对于晶片W的吸附量。而且,单体对晶片W的吸附量依赖于作为单体的第一成膜气体和/或第二成膜气体的各分子的碰撞频度(每单位时间的碰撞量)。因此,各单体相对于晶片W的吸附量能够利用第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体的分压来控制。
另一方面,以分子水平观察单体时,如果吸附于晶片W的表面的单体的振动能量变大,则从晶片W的表面脱离。因此,附着于晶片W的表面的单体的实质的吸附量,如图4示意性地所示,根据单体在单位时间碰撞晶片W的表面的量和吸附的单体从晶片W的表面脱离的量的平衡确定。而且,如果两成膜气体的单体吸附于晶片W的时间(吸附滞留时间)变长,则吸附于晶片W的单体彼此反应的概率增大,成膜量增加。
因此,例如在通过PMDA与ODA的吸附反应生成聚酰亚胺的情况下,如果将部件的温度加热到240℃以上,相比于每单位时间的单体的吸附量,脱离量变多,该部件的表面的单体的实质的吸附量几乎为零。因此,通过将作为成膜对象的晶片W以外的气体供给嘴3或其上游侧的管路、真空容器10的温度加热到例如240℃(相当于已述的成膜抑制温度),即使将第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体混合供给,也能够抑制膜物质在这些部件的表面的沉积。
总结以上说明的机制,如果提高各成膜气体的供给量(分压),则该成膜气体的单体的吸附量增加,成膜量增大,如果降低供给量(分压),则吸附量减小,成膜量减少。另外,如果提高晶片W的温度,则单体的振动能量增大且单体的脱离量增大,并且吸附滞留时间缩短,由此成膜量减少。相反如果降低晶片W的温度(但加热到反应温度以上),则单体的脱离量减少,并且吸附滞留时间变长,由此可以看到成膜量增大的倾向。
如以上所研讨的那样,在使各成膜气体的供给量、晶片W的温度变化进行成膜的情况下,需要注意这些成膜气体的饱和蒸气压。在温度固定的条件下,压力高于该成膜气体的饱和蒸气压曲线的情况下,成膜气体会液化,有可能无法进行精密的膜厚控制。因此,在增加成膜气体的吸附量时,需要在成膜气体不液化的范围内调节成膜气体的分压和晶片W的加热温度。
图5是表示第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体的饱和蒸气压曲线的特性图,横轴表示温度,纵轴以对数表示压力。在该图中,第一成膜气体的饱和蒸气压曲线以实线表示,第二成膜气体的饱和蒸气压曲线以虚线表示。此外,图5所示的第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体的饱和蒸气压曲线是示意性的表示,并不是记载PMDA、ODA的实际的饱和蒸气压曲线的图。
如利用图1所说明的那样,设为第一单体和第二单体以1对1反应形成聚酰亚胺的重复单元结构,例如以第一成膜气体的饱和蒸气压高于第二成膜气体的饱和蒸气压的例子进行说明。
该情况下,首先对饱和蒸气压较低的成膜气体(图5所示的例子中为第一成膜气体),在该成膜气体能够维持气体状态的温度、分压条件下进行成膜处理。即,在图5的例子中,在较第一成膜气体的饱和蒸气压曲线靠下方侧的温度、分压条件下进行成膜处理即可。
例如在图5中以一点划线表示的晶片W的温度范围内的规定的加热温度下进行成膜处理的情况下,在第一成膜气体的分压低于饱和蒸气压的范围内尽量使两成膜气体的分压上升,而单体在晶片W的表面碰撞的量增加。由此,能够尽量使单体的吸附量增加。
另外,图5中以二点划线表示的分压范围的规定的成膜气体分压下进行成膜处理的情况下,同样在第一成膜气体的分压低于饱和蒸气压的范围内尽量降低加热温度,减少单体的脱离量。由此能够在减少单体的脱离量的同时,延长吸附滞留时间。
这样以成为不超过饱和蒸气压较低的低蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压的分压的方式,设定低蒸气压气体的供给量。
另一方面,对饱和蒸气压较高的成膜气体(在图5所示的例子中为第二成膜气体),也可以考虑以化学计量比地供给与低蒸气压气体同量的(使分压一致)高蒸气压气体即可。然而,在使分压一致的状态时,与低蒸气压气体比较,高蒸气压气体向晶片W的吸附量也变少。因此,对高蒸气压气体,优选在不超过饱和蒸气压的分压范围内,比低蒸气压气体过剩量地供给。
此外,上述的成膜气体的供给量(分压)设定方法在防止成膜气体超过升华曲线固化的情况下也同样适用。
这里如上所述,在本实施方式中,气体供给嘴3与从排气口4向旋转台2的中心C所划的直线所成的角度θ被设定在30°~90°的范围。换言之,由于气体供给嘴3和排气口4配置在比较近的位置,因此从吐气孔30吐出的各成膜气体在扩散到旋转台2的上方侧的空间全体之前,以短时间从排气口4排出。
这样,为了在从供给到排气的时间短的期间中进行成膜,在利用图4说明的示意图中,单体在单位时间内与晶片W的表面碰撞的量越多越好。另外,优选延长单体吸附于晶片W的时间(吸附滞留时间),使吸附于晶片W的单体彼此反应的概率增大。
在前者(每单位时间的单体的碰撞量的增大)的观点中,对供给的成膜气体,优选为接近饱和蒸气压的值。另一方面,如上所述,如果成膜气体的供给压超过饱和蒸气压,则成膜气体就会液化。因此,着眼于第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体中的饱和蒸气压较低的成膜气体(低蒸气压气体)进行成膜气体的供给压的控制。即,将低蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压设为P0,将从上述气体供给嘴3供给的低蒸气压气体的分压设为P1时,优选低蒸气压气体的供给压力被设定为P1/P0的值为1以下的尽量高的值。
另一方面,如上所述,第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体中的饱和蒸气压较高的成膜气体(高蒸气压气体)在将高蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压设为P0’、将分压设为P1’时,以使P1’/P0’的值为1以下、且比低蒸气压气体高的分压供给即可。
另外在后者(延长单体的吸附滞留时间)观点中,适度降低晶片W的加热温度,调节到单体一旦被吸附就难以脱离的温度即可。
综合考虑这些观点,在本例中,以将晶片W加热到作为相对于所供给的成膜气体(以低蒸气压气体为基准)的该成膜气体的消费量的比例的反应效率E成为70%以上、例如成为90%的温度的方式,设定加热器7的加热温度。
具体而言,将从气体供给嘴3供给的低蒸气压气体的供给流量设为L1,将达到排气口4的该成膜气体的排气流量设为L1’,将成膜处理中所消耗的成膜气体的比例设为反应效率E(%)。此时,成膜处理中所消耗的上述成膜气体的量能够从低蒸气压气体的供给流量L1与低蒸气压气体的排气流量L1’的差分值求出。基于该思路,以下述的式(1)所示的反应效率E成为70%以上的方式设定晶片W的加热温度。由此,在供给成膜气体的区域,使成膜气体有效吸附于晶片W并反应,能够以到排气口为止的短时间进行成膜。
E(%)={(L1-L1’)/L1}×100…(1)
对于基于以上说明的思路进行聚酰亚胺的成膜的本例的成膜装置的作用进行说明。
例如利用未图示的外部的搬运机构,将6个晶片W载置于旋转台2的各载置部24,关闭闸阀16。载置于载置部24的晶片W利用加热器7被加热到规定的温度、例如140℃。然后利用真空排气部43经由排气口4进行排气,利用从N2气供给源52、62供给的N2气,将真空容器10内的压力(全压)调节为例如50Pa(0.4Torr),使旋转台2以例如10rpm~30rpm旋转。
然后在维持上述全压的状态下,将包含PMDA的第一成膜气体(低蒸气压气体)以例如1.33Pa(0.01Torr)供给到气体供给嘴3,将包含ODA的第二成膜气体(高蒸气压气体)以例如1.46Pa(0.011Torr)的分压供给到气体供给嘴3。这些成膜气体在气体供给嘴3的上游侧的导入管内合流并被混合,例如在加热到比成膜抑制温度高温的260℃的状态下从气体供给嘴3吐出。PMDA和ODA在成膜处理的期间中连续地供给。
通过上述的动作,绕旋转台2的中心C公转的各晶片W反复通过气体供给嘴3的下方。其结果,第一成膜气体所含的作为第一单体的PMDA和第二成膜气体所含的作为第二单体ODA分别同时吸附在各晶片W的表面。其结果,在晶片W的表面,PMDA和ODA反应形成聚酰亚胺,通过使该聚酰亚胺沉积,而进行成膜。
此时如上所述,在实施方式涉及的成膜装置中,设定为第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体的分压P1与低蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压P0的比P1/P0的值为1以下。其结果,能够防止低蒸气压气体的液化,并且能够以成膜气体被排气口4排出为止的短的时间进行成膜处理。
更详细而言,如图6所示,本例的成膜装置以与晶片W的移动区域A交叉的方式配置气体供给嘴3。另外,在气体供给嘴3的下表面,从与上述移动区域A交叉的旋转台2的中心侧直到周缘侧的范围设置有吐气孔30。进而以使第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体的反应效率E达到70%以上的方式设定晶片W的加热温度。
利用这些构成及成膜条件,从各吐出孔30吐出的成膜气体的大多数,在该成膜气体碰撞晶片W的区域(图6中,记作“区域D”)的附近被吸附、发生反应。其结果,以扫描晶片W的方式形成聚酰亚胺。而且通过使旋转台2旋转,各晶片W反复通过区域D,由此使聚酰亚胺缓慢沉积进行成膜。
另外,在以使反应效率E达到70%以上的方式设定反应温度的条件下,在区域D的附近大量成膜气体被吸附而被消耗。因此,流入排气口4的气体的大部分为载气。
这样本实施方式的成膜装置在局部区域能够有效地进行在晶片W上的成膜,生产率高。
根据以上说明的动作,形成预先设定的膜厚的膜后,停止成膜气体的供给、旋转台2的旋转、及晶片W的加热,按照与搬入时相反的顺序,将完成成膜处理的晶片W搬出后,等待下一个成膜处理的开始。
此时,在开始下一个成膜处理之前,例如在真空容器10内供给作为清洁气体的O2气的同时,利用紫外线灯83照射紫外线。由此,将活化后的O2气供给到旋转台2的表面,可以进行将在载置部24以外的没有被晶片W覆盖的区域形成的聚酰亚胺的膜分解的处理。另外,在旋转台2形成的膜的分解也可以在进行了预先设定次数的成膜处理后进行。
利用上述的实施方式,将多个晶片W载置在旋转台2上使其公转,并且将具有将作为用于互相反应而形成膜物质的成膜气体的第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体向下方吐出的吐气孔30的气体供给嘴3设置为使其与晶片W的移动区域A相对。根据该构成,能够连续地对多个晶片W进行成膜处理,因此生产率提高。另外,用于向旋转台2侧吐出成膜气体的吐气孔30从旋转台2的旋转中心侧至周缘侧的范围以与上述移动区域A交叉的方式形成于气体供给嘴3。根据该构成,在旋转台2的径向,在晶片W成膜的膜厚的均匀性变得良好。
此外,使用实施方式涉及的成膜装置形成的膜,如图7A所示,可以使包含具有氨基的单体的成膜气体与包含具有环氧基的单体的成膜气体反应,由具有环氧键的膜物质形成。另外如图7B所示,还可以通过包含具有氨基的单体的成膜气体和包含具有异氰酸酯的单体的成膜气体,由具有脲键的膜物质进行膜的形成。或者可以如图7C所示,通过包含具有氨基的单体的成膜气体和包含作为酸酐的单体的成膜气体,由具有酰亚胺键的膜物质形成膜。此外,可以由包含作为醇的单体的成膜气体与包含作为异氰酸酯的单体的成膜气体得到的具有聚氨酯键的膜物质、包含具有氨基的单体的成膜气体和包含作为羧酸的单体的成膜气体得到的具有酰胺键的膜物质形成膜。进而,也可以通过共聚、2分子反应、3分子反应、或者3种混合来形成聚合物而形成膜。
而且第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体,除了异氰酸酯基、氨基等官能团彼此为一官能性的单体以外,也可以为使二官能性以上的单体彼此相互结合而形成膜物质的气体。此外,作为用于将膜物质成膜的单体的骨架结构,能够使用芳香族、脂环族、脂肪族、芳香族和脂肪族的结合体等。
另外在实施方式的成膜装置中,供给第一成膜气体的气体供给部与供给第二成膜气体的气体供给部可以彼此独立分别设置。这样的构成的情况下,通过将第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体同时供给移动区域A的相互重叠的区域,能够获得同样的效果。
此外,此时,从分别设置的2个气体供给部(将图3所示的气体供给嘴3在互相相邻的位置配置2个的情况等)供给的、第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体在晶片W表面的达到位置并不需要重合。例如即使在互相相邻的区域形成各成膜气体的到达位置的情况下,与晶片W碰撞后的成膜气体流入双方的到达位置,吸附于晶片W的情况下,这些第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体也能够在移动区域A的互相重叠的区域同时供给。
另外在真空容器10内可以设置多组从旋转台2的旋转中心侧至周缘侧的范围设置有多个吐气孔30的气体供给嘴3与从该气体嘴3看在上述角度θ为30~90°的范围配置的排气口4的组。例如可以沿着旋转台2的直径配置气体供给嘴3,从上述旋转中心侧看至两周缘侧的范围(旋转台2的半径)分别设置多个吐气孔30,在从各半径看上述角度θ为30~90°的位置分别设置排气口4。
此外,可以利用已述的紫外线照射部8,向载置于旋转台2的晶片W照射紫外线,对形成的膜进行改性。或者,也可以是代替紫外线照射部8对旋转台2的表面照射红外线,利用热将附着于旋转台2的膜物质去除去的构成。另外,也可以同时具有清洁用的照射部和晶片W的改性用的照射部。如以上所研究的那样,应当认为本次公开的实施方式在所有方面为例示并不是限制性的内容。上述的实施方式可以在不脱离所附的权利要求书及其主旨的范围,以各种方式省略、置换、变更。
接下来,如图6中所说明的那样,进行用于确认从气体供给嘴3供给的成膜气体快速吸附于晶片W的预备实验,对其结果进行说明。如图8所示,在预备实验中使用具有在真空容器100内载置晶片W的载置台101,在载置台101埋设有加热器102的单片式的成膜装置。另外可以构成为在真空容器100的侧壁设置有供给第一成膜气体(PMDA)和第二成膜气体(ODA)的气体供给嘴3a,能够向载置于载置台101的晶片W的表面在横向上供给成膜气体。另一方面,在夹着载置台101、与从气体供给嘴3吐出成膜气体的方向相对的位置设置有形成排气部的排气口4a。
使用这样的成膜装置,将晶片W的温度分别设定为140℃、160℃、180℃及200℃进行成膜处理,调查在沿着成膜气体的吐出方向上伸长通过晶片W的中心的直线的位置的膜厚的分布。此外,对真空容器100内的压力、第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体的分压,与使用图2、图3等说明的实施方式涉及的成膜装置同样地设定,关于这些成膜气体的供给程序,使用与实施方式同样将第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体混合后,从气体供给嘴3a连续地供给的程序。
图9是表示将晶片W的加热温度分别设定为140℃、160℃、180℃及200℃时的膜厚分布的特性图。图9的横轴表示距成膜气体的吐出位置的距离,纵轴表示在各位置成膜的聚酰亚胺的膜厚。
如图9所示可知,在任何一个加热温度下,在晶片W成膜的膜的膜厚随着距气体供给嘴3的距离变长而减少。例如晶片W的加热温度为最低的140℃时,在晶片W成膜的膜的膜厚在与从气体供给嘴3的吐出位置靠近的区域,形成比其他加热温度厚的膜,随着距该吐出位置的距离变大而急剧减少。考虑这是由于如使用图5所说明的那样,在加热温度为比较低的温度时,吸附于晶片W的单体离脱的离脱量变少,因此靠近吐出位置的区域的膜变厚,但流向下游侧的成膜气体中的单体的量却急剧减少,伴随于此,膜变薄。
相对于此,在将晶片W的加热温度提高到例如200℃的情况下,相对于距吐出位置的距离,膜厚以形成一次直线的方式减少,但其减少量少。考虑这是由于随着加热温度变成高温,从晶片W的单体的离脱量变多的缘故。进而可以认为通过从晶片W的单体的离脱量变多,即使距气体供给嘴3的距离变长,在气体中也容易残留成膜气体,可以说即使在离气体供给嘴3较远的位置也容易成膜。
这样通过使晶片W的加热温度变化,能够使在晶片W成膜的膜的膜厚分布变化。而且,确认到作为第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体使用PMDA及ODA的情况下,通过将晶片W的加热温度设定为140℃左右,能够使在成膜气体的供给位置所成膜的膜厚变厚,随着远离供给位置,能够使所成膜的膜厚急剧变薄。而且,即使在作为第一单体、第二单体使用其他单体的情况下,通过设定对应于反应能量的适当的加热温度,距成膜气体的吐出位置的距离与膜厚的关系能够与图9所示的例子同样地调节。因此可以说在使用利用图3、图6说明的实施方式涉及的气体供给嘴3进行成膜处理时,通过适当选择晶片W的加热温度,能够在成膜气体碰撞的区域D的附近进行成膜处理。
Claims (7)
1.一种成膜装置,其特征在于,包括:
形成真空气氛的处理容器;
旋转台,其设置在所述处理容器内,用于载置多个基板的基板载置区域形成在其上表面侧,具有使所述基板载置区域绕旋转轴公转的旋转机构;
加热机构,其加热载置于所述基板载置区域的基板;
气体供给部,其以在使所述旋转台旋转时,与基板发生移动的移动区域相对的方式设置,吐气孔、从所述旋转台的旋转中心侧至周缘侧的范围以与所述移动区域交叉的方式形成,该吐气孔用于向所述旋转台侧吐出作为用于吸附于利用所述加热机构加热的基板的表面、且用于互相反应而形成膜物质的作为成膜气体的第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体;和
用于将所述处理容器内排气的排气部,
所述第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体同时被供给到所述移动区域的互相重叠的区域。
2.如权利要求1所述的成膜装置,其特征在于:
将所述第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体中的饱和蒸气压较低的低蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压设为P0,将饱和蒸气压较高的高蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压设为P0’,将所述低蒸气压气体和高蒸气压气体的分压分别设为P1、P1’时,所述第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体的各供给压力设定为使P1/P0为1以下、P1’/P0’为1以下且高于P1的值,
所述加热机构将基板加热到反应效率为70%以上的温度,所述反应效率为作为相对于所供给的各成膜气体的该成膜气体的消费量的比例。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的成膜装置,其特征在于:
在所述处理容器的顶面侧具有用于向所述旋转台侧照射用于膜的处理的光的照射部。
4.如权利要求3所述的成膜装置,其特征在于:
所述照射部为用于将经由所述气体供给部供给的清洁气体活化而对附着于所述旋转台的表面的膜进行清洁的紫外线照射部。
5.如权利要求3所述的成膜装置,其特征在于:
所述照射部是用于将所述膜改性的紫外线照射部。
6.一种成膜方法,其特征在于,包括:
在设置于形成真空气氛的处理容器内的、形成在旋转台的一面侧的多个基板载置区域上载置基板,旋转该旋转台使基板绕其旋转轴公转的工序;
然后,加热载置于所述基板载置区域的基板,并且将作为用于吸附于该加热后的基板的表面且互相反应形成膜物质的成膜气体的第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体,从所述旋转台的旋转中心侧至周缘方向侧的范围,以与伴随所述公转而基板发生移动的移动区域交叉的方式,从与所述旋转台相对的位置供给的工序;和
将所述处理容器内排气的工序,
所述第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体分别同时被供给到基板的移动区域的相互重叠的区域。
7.如权利要求6所述的成膜方法,其特征在于:
在供给成膜气体的工序中,将所述第一成膜气体和第二成膜气体中的饱和蒸气压较低的低蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压设为P0,将饱和蒸气压较高的高蒸气压气体的饱和蒸气压设为P0’,将所述低蒸气压气体和高蒸气压气体的分压分别设为P1、P1’,所述第一成膜气体、第二成膜气体的各供给压力设定为使P1/P0为1以下、使P1’/P0’为1以下且高于P1的值;
将基板加热到作为相对于供给到所述处理容器的各成膜气体的该成膜气体的消费量的比例的反应效率为70%以上的温度。
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