CN110387384B - 一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法 - Google Patents
一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法,包括:采用桃熏草莓匍匐茎茎尖培育桃熏草莓组培苗,切割叶块进行预培养,得预培叶片;制备根癌农杆菌溶液,并将预培叶片和根癌农杆菌溶液进行转化共培养,经延迟筛选并筛选培养后进行荧光检测和PCR鉴定。本发明的转化方法利用根癌农杆菌介导,通过桃熏草莓离体再生体系建立、转化体系建立、转化植株细胞水平鉴定和分子水平鉴定的遗传转化过程,建立十倍体桃熏草莓遗传转化体系,为今后针对桃熏草莓的遗传改良基因工程奠定基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于遗传工程技术领域,具体涉及一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法。
背景技术
草莓(Fragaria×ananassa)属蔷薇科草莓属多年生草本植物,是重要的鲜食水果作物之一,也是蔷薇科植物重要的功能基因研究的模式物种。草莓营养价值极其丰富,被誉为“水果皇后”,是果糖、葡萄糖、维生素A、钾、钙和磷等矿物质的良好来源,尤其是维生素C,其含量比葡萄、苹果高出7~10倍,胡萝卜素、钙、磷、铁的含量也比苹果、梨、葡萄高3~4倍。已经证明了草莓提取物具有防癌作用,同时草莓可使血管内皮脂质过氧化和丙二醛形成减少。
由于草莓染色体的多倍性和高度杂合性,使传统育种受到了有益性状定向改良难、育种范围窄、耗时长等限制。现代基因工程直接在基因水平上改良,并打破了物种间的界限,在培育抗病、抗逆境、抗虫和抗除草剂等草莓优良品种中发挥越来越重要的作用。草莓基因工程的真正开始是1990年以Jame与Nehra相继获得的草莓转基因植株为标志的,之后多种有价值的外源目的基因相继被转入草莓中。2006年草莓被列为蔷薇科基因组学研究模式植物之一,随着分子生物学研究的不断发展,基于不定芽再生的遗传转化成为了草莓育种的重要途径。通过基因工程,可以获得常规育种无法获得的新资源。
桃熏(Tokun),果皮果肉白色,微带粉色,有浓浓的水蜜桃香味,充分成熟后为淡黄色;可溶性固形物(糖度)14%以上,口感香甜,入口即化,色泽、味道异于常见品种,由于其独特的水蜜桃味口感及醒目的白色果皮,一上市便引起人们的喜爱,丰富草莓品种结构,满足大众的多样化需求。但是,桃熏草莓对白粉病、灰霉病的抗性上比章姬略差,因此基于桃熏草莓高效的离体再生体系及农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系的成功建立,为今后针对桃熏草莓的基因工程具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题在于为通过基因工程克服现有桃熏草莓性状缺陷,提供一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法,利用根癌农杆菌介导,通过包括桃熏草莓离体再生体系建立、转化体系建立、转化植株细胞水平鉴定和分子水平鉴定的遗传转化过程建立一种十倍体桃熏草莓遗传转化体系。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)培育桃熏草莓组培苗,和
(2)由步骤(1)所得组培苗准备受体材料,切割叶块进行预培养,得预培叶片;和
(3)制备根癌农杆菌溶液;和
(4)步骤(2)所述预培叶片和步骤(3)所述根癌农杆菌溶液进行转化共培养,得初始转化材料;和
(5)步骤(4)所得初始转化材料延迟筛选,并筛选培养,得转化桃熏草莓芽苗;和/或
(6)荧光检测和PCR鉴定步骤(5)所得阳性转化桃熏草莓。
本发明上述技术方案的具体方法如下所述。
培育桃熏草莓组培苗的方法为:采集生长健壮桃熏草莓匍匐茎茎尖作外植体,流水冲洗1-2h。超净台上剪下匍匐茎尖端2-3cm,放在灭过菌的烧杯或三角瓶中,用75%酒精消毒30s,快速倒掉酒精,用无菌水冲洗2-3次,将材料转移至新的无菌瓶中,加5%NaClO消毒6min,迅速倒掉后用无菌水冲洗5-6次,每次浸泡2min。然后用灭过菌的滤纸吸干外植体水分,在双筒解剖镜下剖取茎尖生长点0.2-0.3mm,然后接种于茎尖诱导培养基MS1:MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+GA3 0.2mg/L+3%蔗糖中培养。待成苗后转至组培苗继代培养基MS2:MS+IBA0.01mg/L+6-BA 0.3mg/L+3%蔗糖中进行继代,每隔30~40d继代1次,继代代数在4-8次。
预培养:选取叶龄为35d左右的桃熏叶片,去掉叶缘及主叶叶脉,剪成0.3-0.5cm2的小块,正面朝下置于不定芽诱导培养基:MS+IBA0.1mg/L+TD Z2.8mg/L上进行培养,每皿15块,预培养时间不超过一周。
制备根癌农杆菌溶液:用20μL带枪头移液器(无菌)挑取-80℃保存的根癌农杆菌GV3101,在LB+Kan 50mg/L+Gen 50mg/L+Rif 50mg/L固体培养基上划线培养,28℃,12-48h,长出单菌落;无菌枪头挑取单菌落,划线保存,同时用该枪头接种于5mlLB+Kan 50mg/L+Gen50mg/L+Rif 50mg/L液体培养基中,28℃,200rpm过夜培养;取10μL(2)中培养的菌液于20ml相同培养基中,28℃,200rpm,培养至OD600=0.4-0.6;25℃,5000rpm,离心5min收集GV3101菌体,用MS液体培养基(含20mg/L AS)重悬收集的菌体至OD600=0.5备用。
共培养:将预培养后的叶片置于OD600=0.5的农杆菌液中,轻轻摇晃5min,倒掉菌液,换新的菌液继续摇晃5min,后将浸染后的材料置于无菌滤纸上晾干菌液,移至共培养培养基上进行共培养,转化材料为叶片时,则叶片近轴面向下放置于MS+TDZ 2.8mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L+AS 20mg/L培养基上进行共培养2-3d,以肉眼可见农杆菌为限。
延迟筛选后进行筛选培养:将共培养后的初始转化材料置于MS液体培养基含Carb500mg/L+Tim 500mg/L中1h,过程中不断晃动;后置于无菌滤纸上晾干,接于延迟选择培养基上MS+TDZ 2.8mg/L+IBA 0.1mg/L+Cef 250mg/L+Carb 250mg/L培养3-5d;将延迟筛选后的叶片置于筛选培养基上MS+TDZ 2.8mg/L+IBA 0.1mg/L+Cef 250mg/L+Carb 250mg/L+Hyg 5mg/L进行筛选培养,两周继代一次。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明利用根癌农杆菌介导,通过包括桃熏草莓离体再生体系建立、转化体系建立、转化植株细胞水平鉴定和分子水平鉴定的遗传转化过程建立一种十倍体桃熏草莓遗传转化体系,为基因工程改良桃熏草莓奠定基础。
2)由于同属物种的遗传转化对基因型依赖性很大,本发明的桃熏草莓基因型特异转化方法在材料切割方式、转化流程、培养基配方、筛选抗生素类别和组合进行改进。
3)本发明通过在转化受体植物材料类型、转化途径和方法以及应用范围方面进行改进提供桃熏草莓叶盘转化方法,适用于特殊性状定向改良等稳定遗传转化,而基于未开放花朵的转化通常还伴随多种不定向的性状变化。
附图说明
图1为本发明中愈伤等级划分情况:a、b、c、d、e分别表示0到4级愈伤;其中,
0级愈伤发生率(%)=0级愈伤发生外植体数/总接种外植体数×100%,
1级愈伤发生率(%)=1级愈伤发生外植体数/总接种外植体数×100%,俌
2级愈伤发生率(%)=2级愈伤发生外植体数/总接种外植体数×100%,俌
3级愈伤发生率(%)=3级愈伤发生外植体数/总接种外植体数×100%,俌
4级愈伤发生率(%)=4级愈伤发生外植体数/总接种外植体数×100%,
分化率(%)=出芽的外植体数/接种外植体总数×100%。
图2为本发明中细胞分裂素TDZ对桃熏叶片愈伤诱导的影响。
图3为本发明中细胞分裂素TDZ对桃熏叶片不定芽诱导的影响。
图4为本发明中叶片黄化等级划分情况:a、b、c、d、e分别表示0到4级黄化。
图5为桃熏叶片对潮霉素的敏感性。
图6为本发明中GFP检测情况,a为所检测愈伤在自然光下,b为转GFP基因愈伤在荧光显微镜可见光光场下,c为转GFP基因愈伤在荧光显微镜荧光光场下,bar=1000μm。
图7为桃薰草莓转化筛选再生出新植株。
图8为本发明中转化植株PCR鉴定情况,泳道M:DL2000marker;泳道0:桃熏未转GFP植株;泳道1-4:桃熏转GFP植株;泳道10:正对照,GFP质粒为模板;泳道5、6-9:其它草莓品种转化植株检测情况。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限定本发明的应用范围。
以下实例中提供桃熏草莓遗传转化过程中具体操作,包括桃熏草莓离体再生体系的建立及转化体系的建立和转化植株的细胞及分子水平鉴定。
本发明所用载体、农杆菌菌株和材料:
载体pCambia1300-35s-GFP部分序列如SEQIDNO.1所示,来自于上海市农业科学院林果所梨课题组,原始来源于浙江大学果树科学研究所滕元文教授实验室改造。
农杆菌GV3101感受态细胞购自武汉科尔普生物科技有限公司。
桃熏草莓茎尖来自上海农科院草莓资源圃,最早引进自河北农科院石家庄果树研究所资源圃。
第一步:培育桃熏组培苗
采集生长健壮桃熏草莓匍匐茎茎尖作外植体,流水冲洗1-2h。超净台上剪下匍匐茎尖端2-3cm,放在灭过菌的烧杯或三角瓶中,用75%酒精消毒30s,快速倒掉酒精,用无菌水冲洗2-3次,将材料转移至新的无菌瓶中,加5%NaClO消毒6min,迅速倒掉后用无菌水冲洗5-6次,每次浸泡2min。然后用灭过菌的滤纸吸干外植体水分,在双筒解剖镜下剖取茎尖生长点0.2-0.3mm,然后接种于茎尖诱导培养基MS1:MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+GA3 0.2mg/L+3%蔗糖中培养。待成苗后转至组培苗继代培养基MS2:MS+IBA 0.01mg/L+6-BA 0.3mg/L+3%蔗糖中进行继代,每隔30~40d继代1次。继代代数在4-8次内即可进行叶片愈伤诱导及农杆菌侵染转化实验。
其中,愈伤发生能力和基因型及植物材料状态有很大关系,即使同样器官和基因型的材料,也不会完全同步生长,根据生长状况将愈伤分为0-4共5个等级,0级为不发生愈伤,4级为切割创口全部发生愈伤,如图1所示。图2为细胞分裂素TDZ对桃熏叶片愈伤的诱导能力,当TDZ在2-3mg/L范围内添加到培养基中,桃薰组培苗叶片的愈伤发生率和愈伤等级逐渐提高,达到2.8mg/L时100%发生愈伤并健康,在3mg/L时只是愈伤等级有所增加但同时出现玻璃化。图3为细胞分裂素TDZ对桃熏叶片愈伤不定芽诱导的影响,当TDZ在2-3mg/L范围内时桃薰组培苗叶片的愈伤再生分化出芽苗的能力先逐渐提高再下降,TDZ在2.8mg/L时桃薰再生分化能力最强(58.9%),而3mg/L时下降至与2.5mg/L时相近水平。
选择剂对受体材料的选择效果和基因型及材料状态直接相关,每一种转化体系建立中确定合适的选择压是成功转化的前提。根据材料在选择剂存在情况下生长状况-黄化程度对材料分级,是客观准确确定特定受体材料对筛选剂敏感性的重要参数。本发明将桃薰叶块在添加潮霉素时生长状况分为0-4共5个等级,0级为完全健康,4级为完全黄化死亡,如图4所示。
图5为桃熏叶片对潮霉素的敏感性,随着Hyg潮霉素浓度增加,桃薰叶块存活率不断下降,当添加4mg/LHyg时,完全健康叶块还有近30%,达到6mg/L时超过90%叶块活力受到不同程度的抑制,完全无活力叶块大于20%;当Hyg达到10mg/L时完全失去活力叶块比例为52%,仅6%叶块保持健康(0级)。鉴于Hyg在6mg/L时叶块已经完全不发生愈伤,本实例中Hyg选择压为5mg/L。
第二步:获取桃熏叶片离体再生苗
选取叶龄为35d左右的桃熏叶片,去掉叶缘及主叶叶脉,剪成0.3-0.5cm2的小块,正面朝下置于不定芽诱导培养基:MS+IBA 0.1mg/L+TDZ 2.8mg/L上进行培养,30d换一次培养基。
第三步:培养根癌农杆菌,方法如下:
(1)用20μL带枪头移液器(无菌)挑取-80℃保存的根癌农杆菌GV3101,在LB+Kan50mg/L+Gen 50mg/L+Rif 50mg/L固体培养基上划线培养,28℃,12-48h,长出单菌落。
(2)无菌枪头挑取单菌落,划线保存,同时用该枪头接种于5ml LB+Kan 50mg/L+Gen 50mg/L+Rif 50mg/L液体培养基中,28℃,200rpm过夜培养。
(3)取10μL(2)中培养的菌液于20ml相同培养基中,28℃,200rpm,培养至OD600=0.4-0.6。
(4)25℃,5000rpm,离心5min收集GV3101菌体,用MS液体培养基(含20mg/LAS)重悬收集的菌体至OD600=0.5备用。
如图6所示,当转GFP基因后的植物材料长出愈伤后便可在荧光显微镜下进行观察,可以看出,非转基因草莓植株的叶片无荧光现象,而转基因草莓愈伤有荧光现象,证明GFP基因可能已成功导入到外植体体内。
图7展示桃薰草莓转化筛选再生出新植株。
PCR鉴定步骤如下:(1)从转GFP基因的株系中随机选取新鲜叶片,剪刀剪取1-2mm,放入50ul裂解液A中,95℃变性10min;(2)1:1加入B液,存4℃备用;(3)PCR反应体系如下:
PCR反应程序:94℃2min;94℃30s,57℃30s,72℃2min,30次循环;72℃10min;4℃保存,结果如图8所示。
序列表
<110> 上海市农业科学院
<120> 一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法
<141> 2019-09-03
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1430
<212> DNA
<213> 2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum
<400> 1
cctctattta aaggagttca tttcatttgg agagaacacg ggggacgagc tcggtacccg 60
gggatcctct agagtcgaca tggtgagcaa gggcgaggag ctgttcaccg gggtggtgcc 120
catcctggtc gagctggacg gcgacgtaaa cggccacaag ttcagcgtgt ccggcgaggg 180
cgagggcgat gccacctacg gcaagctgac cctgaagttc atctgcacca ccggcaagct 240
gcccgtgccc tggcccaccc tcgtgaccac cttcacctac ggcgtgcagt gcttcagccg 300
ctaccccgac cacatgaagc agcacgactt cttcaagtcc gccatgcccg aaggctacgt 360
ccaggagcgc accatcttct tcaaggacga cggcaactac aagacccgcg ccgaggtgaa 420
gttcgagggc gacaccctgg tgaaccgcat cgagctgaag ggcatcgact tcaaggagga 480
cggcaacatc ctggggcaca agctggagta caactacaac agccacaacg tctatatcat 540
ggccgacaag cagaagaacg gcatcaaggt gaacttcaag atccgccaca acatcgagga 600
cggcagcgtg cagctcgccg accactacca gcagaacacc cccatcggcg acggccccgt 660
gctgctgccc gacaaccact acctgagcac ccagtccgcc ctgagcaaag accccaacga 720
gaagcgcgat cacatggtcc tgctggagtt cgtgaccgcc gccgggatca ctcacggcat 780
ggacgagctg tacaagtaac tgcagagctt tcgttcgtat catcggtttc gacaacgttc 840
gtcaagttca atgcatcagt ttcattgcgc acacaccaga atcctactga gtttgagtat 900
tatggcattg ggaaaactgt ttttcttgta ccatttgttg tgcttgtaat ttactgtgtt 960
ttttattcgg ttttcgctat cgaactgtga aatggaaatg gatggagaag agttaatgaa 1020
tgatatggtc cttttgttca ttctcaaatt aatattattt gttttttctc ttatttgttg 1080
tgtgttgaat ttgaaattat aagagatatg caaacatttt gttttgagta aaaatgtgtc 1140
aaatcgtggc ctctaatgac cgaagttaat atgaggagta aaacacttgt agttgtacca 1200
ttatgcttat tcactaggca acaaatatat tttcagacct agaaaagctg caaatgttac 1260
tgaatacaag tatgtcctct tgtgttttag acatttatga actttccttt atgtaatttt 1320
ccagaatcct tgtcagattc taatcattgc tttataatta tagttatact catggatttg 1380
tagttgagta tgaaaatatt ttttaatgca ttttatgact gccaaattga 1430
Claims (1)
1.一种根癌农杆菌介导的桃熏草莓遗传转化方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)桃熏草莓匍匐茎茎尖经无菌清洗后剖取茎尖生长点0.2-0.3mm,接种于由MS+细胞分裂素苄氨基嘌呤0.5mg/L+赤霉素0.2mg/L+3%蔗糖组成的茎尖诱导培养基MS1中培养,待成苗后转至由MS+生长素吲哚丁酸0.01mg/L+细胞分裂素苄氨基嘌呤0.3mg/L+3%蔗糖组成的组培苗继代培养基MS2中进行继代,每隔30-40d继代一次;
(2)以所述桃熏草莓组培苗叶龄32-36天的桃熏叶片为受体材料,去掉叶缘和主叶叶脉,剪成0.3-0.5cm2小块,正面朝下置于由MS+生长素吲哚丁酸0.1mg/L+细胞分裂素噻苯隆2.8mg/L组成的不定芽诱导培养基上进行预培养1-7天,得预培叶片;
(3)配制根癌农杆菌溶液:用20μL无菌带枪头移液器挑取-80℃保存的根癌农杆菌GV3101,在由LB+卡那霉素50mg/L+庆大霉素50mg/L+利福平50mg/L组成的固体培养基上划线培养,28℃,12-48h,长出单菌落;无菌枪头挑取单菌落,划线保存,同时用该枪头接种于由5mlLB+卡那霉素50mg/L+庆大霉素50mg/L+利福平50mg/L组成的液体培养基中,28℃,200rpm过夜培养;取10μL培养的菌液于20ml相同培养基中扩繁,28℃,200rpm,培养至OD600=0.4-0.6;25℃,5000rpm,离心5min收集GV3101菌体,用含20mg/L乙酰丁香酮的MS液体培养基重悬收集的菌体至OD600=0.5;
(4)所述预培叶片置于OD600=0.5的根癌农杆菌溶液中,轻轻摇晃5min后倒掉菌液,换新的菌液继续摇晃5min浸染叶片,再置于无菌滤纸上晾干菌液,叶片近轴面向下放置于由MS+细胞分裂素噻苯隆2.8mg/L+生长素吲哚丁酸0.1mg/L+乙酰丁香酮20mg/L组成的培养基中进行共培养至肉眼可见,得初始转化材料;
(5)共培养后的初始转化材料置于含羧苄青霉素500mg/L+特美汀500mg/L的MS液体培养基中1h,过程中不断晃动,后置于无菌滤纸上晾干,接于由MS+细胞分裂素噻苯隆2.8mg/L+生长素吲哚丁酸0.1mg/L+Cef 250mg/L+羧苄青霉素250mg/L组成的延迟选择培养基中培养3-5d;延迟筛选后的叶片置于由MS+细胞分裂素噻苯隆2.8mg/L+生长素吲哚丁酸0.1mg/L+Cef 250mg/L+羧苄青霉素250mg/L+Hyg 5mg/L组成的筛选培养基进行筛选培养,两周继代一次,得转化桃熏草莓芽苗;
(6)荧光检测和PCR鉴定;
所述桃熏草莓是十倍体桃熏草莓;
所述根癌农杆菌的菌种为根癌农杆菌GV3101;
转化共培养的转化载体为载体pCambia1300-35s-GFP,其部分DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
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