CN110357787A - 依沙佐米合成工艺研究 - Google Patents
依沙佐米合成工艺研究 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种依沙佐米的合成方法,通过该方法可以大大提高目标产物的收率和纯度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成领域,具体涉及依沙佐米合成工艺的研究。
背景技术
依沙佐米(Ixazomib,MLN-9708),其药用形式是其柠檬酸酯前药,在生理条件下其可快速水解成具有生理活性的依沙佐米。是一种新型口服可逆性蛋白酶体抑制剂,化学名为4-羧基-2-[(1R)-1-[[2-[(2,5-二氯苯甲酰基)氨基]乙酰基]氨基]-3-甲基丁基]-6-氧代-1,3,2-二氧硼杂环己-4-乙酸(4-(carboxymethyl)-2-((R)-1- (2-(2,5-dichlorobenzamido)acetamido)-3-methylbutyl)-6-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaborinane-4-carboxylic acid),于2015年首次在美国获得批准上市,2018年在中国上市。批准的适应症为:伊沙佐米与来那度胺和地塞米松联合用于治疗既往至少接受过一线治疗的多发性骨髓瘤。是目前唯一在临床上使用的口服蛋白酶体抑制剂。体外实验表明依沙佐米可介导多种骨髓瘤细胞系凋亡。即使经历多种治疗方案(包括硼替佐米、来那度胺和地塞米松)后复发的病人体内获得的肿瘤细胞,依沙佐米对其仍有较强的抑制作用。依沙佐米与来那度胺联合用药对多种肿瘤细胞有协同作用。动物体内实验结果表明,依沙佐米在小鼠移植瘤模型具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。检索原专利发现他们在合成过程中产率比较低,成本较高,采用本发明所用的合成条件和方法能大大提高收率并降低成本。
发明内容
本发明采用如下的路线合成依沙佐米:
中间体I的合成条件为:
在冰水浴下,原料2,5-二氯苯甲酸溶于有机溶剂S,然后加入的缩合剂,继续搅拌30min。随后加入甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,反应10 min后加入DIPEA随后室温反应6 h。反应液依次用0.4N HCl溶液、5%碳酸氢钠以及饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩得白色固体I未经纯化直接用于下一步。
其中,所用缩合剂为HOBT,PyBOP,TBTU,TATU,NHS,EDCI,优选为HOBT和EDCI组合。有机溶剂S是二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、DMF、二甲基亚砜、乙醚、甲苯及四氢呋喃,优选的溶剂是二氯甲烷和四氢呋喃,最优选的溶剂是二氯甲烷。
中间体II的合成条件为:
在冰水浴下,将中间体I溶于甲醇中,缓慢加入LiOH水溶液,缓慢升至室温,在室温下搅拌2小时.反应液旋蒸除去甲醇,剩余水相用乙醚萃取两次。水相滴加盐酸至pH值为2~3,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥,浓缩得白色产物II。
中间体III的合成条件为:
在冰水浴下,用二氯甲烷溶解中间体II,然后加入一定量的HOBT,搅拌五分钟后分批加入EDCI,继续搅拌30 min。随后加入(aR,3aS,4S,6S,7aR)-六氢-3a,8,8-三甲基-alpha-(2-甲基丙基)-4,6-甲桥-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼烷-2-甲胺 2,2,2-三氟乙酸盐,反应10 min后加入DIPEA随后室温反应6 h。反应液依次用0.4N HCl溶液、5%碳酸氢钠以及饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩过柱,得白色固体III。
中间体IV的合成条件为:
将中间体III溶于甲醇中,依次加入异丁基硼酸、正己烷和一定浓度的盐酸,室温搅拌过夜。分离正己烷与甲醇,正己烷用甲醇萃取两次,甲醇用正己烷洗涤。合并甲醇相,减压蒸除甲醇,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,食盐水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩过柱,得白色固体IV。
其中,反应中优选的盐酸浓度为1-6 mol/L,最优选的范围为3-5 mol/L。
中间体V的合成条件为:
将柠檬酸溶于乙酸乙酯,74℃搅拌,然后加入中间体IV,60℃搅拌3 h。25℃过夜,然后低温抽滤得终产物V。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
称取化合物2,5-二氯苯甲酸(760mg,4 mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(20 mL)中,然后加入HOBT(810 mg,4 mmol),-5 ℃下搅拌10 min。然后分批加入EDCI(1.15 g,6 mmol),反应30 min。然后再加入甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(500 mg,4 mmol),反应10 min后缓慢加入DIPEA(1.81 g,14mmol),继续反应30 min后转移至室温,反应6h。TLC监测反应完全后反应液分别用0.4N HCl(40 mL),5%的NaHCO3(20 mL)以及饱和食盐水(20 mL)洗涤,有机相无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸干溶剂得中间体I为932 mg,收率89%。产品未经纯化,直接用于下一步。
在冰水浴下,将中间体I(500 mg, 1.9 mmol)溶于甲醇(30 mL),称取一水合氢氧化锂(112 mg, 2.66 mmol)溶于7 mL水中,缓慢滴加至反应液中,随后将反应缓慢升至室温,在室温下反应3h。 TLC监测反应完全后,将反应液旋蒸除去甲醇,剩余水相用乙醚(20mL×2)萃取两次。剩余水相滴加盐酸至pH值为2~3,乙酸乙酯萃取(20 mL×3),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得白色产物II为456 mg,收率96.9%。1H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d 6 )δ3.91 (-CH2, d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (-CONH, d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H),7.55 (-Ph, d, J = 1.3 Hz, 2H), 8.89 (-Ph, t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 12.71 (-COOH,s, 1H). MS (ESI): m/z 246.1 [M-H]-.
称取中间体II(456 mg,1.8 mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(20 mL)中,然后加入HOBT(249 mg,1.8 mmol),-5℃下搅拌10 min。然后分批加入EDCI(518mg,2.7 mmol),反应30 min。然后再加入(aR,3aS,4S,6S,7aR)-六氢-3a,8,8-三甲基-alpha-(2-甲基丙基)-4,6-甲桥-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼烷-2-甲胺 2,2,2-三氟乙酸盐(697 mg,1.8 mmol),反应10 min后缓慢加入DIPEA(698mg,5.4 mmol),继续反应30 min后转移至室温,反应6h。TLC监测反应完全后反应液分别用0.4N HCl(30 mL),5%的NaHCO3(20 mL)以及饱和食盐水(20 mL)洗涤,有机相无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸干溶剂经柱层析分离得中间体III为633 mg,收率76%。1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3)δ0.83 (-CH3, s, 3H), 0.91 (-CH3, s, 6H), 1.19 (-CH2, d, J = 10.8Hz, 1H), 1.24 (-CH2, d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 1.27 (-CH3, s, 3H), 1.38 (-CH3, s,3H), 1.59-1.69 (-CH, m, 1H), 1.70 (-CH, s, 1H), 1.77-1.85 (-CH2, m, 1H),1.86-1.92 (-CH2, m, 1H), 1.96-2.01 (-CH, m, 1H), 2.11-2.21 (-CH2, m, 1H),2.25-2.36 (-CH2, m, 1H), 3.31 (-CH, dd, J 1 = 6.2 Hz, J 2 = 14.5 Hz, 1H), 4.15(-CH2, d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.28 (-CH, dt,J 1 = 6.3 Hz, J 2 = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 6.39(-CONH, d,J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (-CONH,d,J = 4.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (-Ph, J = 1.4Hz, 2H), 7.58-7.65 (-Ph, m, 1H). MS (ESI): m/z 495.3 [M-H]+.
将中间体III(300 mg,0.6 mmol)溶于3 mL甲醇中,依次加入异丁基硼酸(306 mg,3mmol)、正己烷(3mL)和4N盐酸(0.37 mL,1.5 mmol),室温搅拌过夜。分离正己烷与甲醇,正己烷用甲醇(2*3 mL)萃取两次,甲醇用正己烷(3 mL)洗涤一次。合并甲醇相,减压蒸除甲醇,水相用二氯甲烷萃取(3×3 mL),二氯甲烷用饱和食盐水洗涤(3×5 mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩过柱,得白色固体IV为136 mg,收率63%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ0.82 (-CH3, s, 3H), 0.84 (-CH3, s, 3H), 1.19-1.28 (-CH2, m, 2H), 1.61 (-CH, tq, J 1 =6.6 Hz, J 2 = 13.2 Hz, 1H), 2.65 (-CH, s, 1H), 4.04 (-CH2, d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H),7.56 (-Ph, d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (-Ph, s, 1H), 8.78 (-CONH, d, J= 46.3 Hz,1H), 9.00 (-CONH, t, J= 5.9 Hz, 1H).13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3) δ22.91, 25.94,39.90, 44.28, 60.37, 129.20, 129.45, 131.25, 131.34, 132.97, 135.53, 166.38,171.16.MS (ESI): m/z 359.2 [M-H]-. IRMS (ESI):calcd for C14H19BCl2N2NaO4 [M+Na]+383.0710, found 383.0727.
将柠檬酸(292 mg,1.52 mmol)溶解于8 mL乙酸乙酯中,升温至74℃,加入溶于1.5 mL的乙酸乙酯的中间体IV(500 mg,1.4 mmol),缓慢降温至60℃,反应3 h,再缓慢降温至25℃搅拌过夜。然后抽滤,滤饼真空干燥得纯产物557 mg,收率94%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 )δ0.85 (-CH3, s, 3H),0.87 (-CH3, s, 3H), 1.38 – 1.13 (-CH2, m, 2H), 1.67 (-CH,s, 1H), 2.53 (-CH2, s, 2H), 2.80 – 2.70 (-CH2, m, 2H), 2.97 – 2.84 (-CH, m,1H), 4.27 (-CH2, s, 2H), 7.56 (-Ph, d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (-Ph, s, 1H),9.14 (-CONH, s, 1H), 10.72 (-CONH, s, 1H), 12.17 (-COOH, s, 2H).13C NMR (100MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 21.67, 23.97, 24.53, 42.83, 50.49, 50.92, 72.44, 128.67,128.85, 130.75, 131.50, 131.61, 137.83, 165.25, 167.73, 173.24. HRMS (ESI):calcd for C20H23BCl2N2O9 [M + H]+, 517.0874; found, 517.0869.
Claims (7)
1.一种依沙佐米的合成方法中间体I的制备工艺,其特征在于所述工艺的路线如下:
。
2.如权利要求书1所述的制备工艺,其特征在于中间体I的合成条件为在冰水浴下,原料2,5-二氯苯甲酸溶于有机溶剂S,然后加入的缩合剂,继续搅拌30 min,随后加入甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,反应10 min后加入DIPEA随后室温反应6 h;
反应液依次用0.4N HCl溶液、5%碳酸氢钠以及饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩得中间体I;
其中所用缩合剂为HOBT,PyBOP,TBTU,TATU,NHS,EDCI;
有机溶剂S选自二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、DMF、二甲基亚砜、乙醚、甲苯及四氢呋喃。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备工艺,其特征在于缩合剂是HOBT和EDCI。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备工艺,其特征在于有机溶剂S是二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃。
5.一种依沙佐米的合成方法中间体IV的制备工艺,其特征在于所述工艺的路线如下:
。
6.如权利要求书5所述工艺,其特征在于将中间体III溶于甲醇中,依次加入异丁基硼酸、正己烷和一定浓度的盐酸,室温搅拌过夜;
分离正己烷与甲醇,正己烷用甲醇萃取两次,甲醇用正己烷洗涤,合并甲醇相,减压蒸除甲醇,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,食盐水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩得中间体IV;
其中,反应中的盐酸浓度为1-6 mol/L。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备工艺,其特征在于盐酸浓度为4-5 mol/L。
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