CN110337354A - 粘合剂以及粘结至刚性基材的方法 - Google Patents
粘合剂以及粘结至刚性基材的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110337354A CN110337354A CN201880012801.6A CN201880012801A CN110337354A CN 110337354 A CN110337354 A CN 110337354A CN 201880012801 A CN201880012801 A CN 201880012801A CN 110337354 A CN110337354 A CN 110337354A
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Classifications
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Abstract
一种粘合剂以及注射或压力粘结的方法,其中粘合剂基于接枝聚丙烯树脂以及下列物质中的至少一种:马来酰亚胺化合物、酚醛树脂、封端异氰酸酯、官能化硅烷或环氧树脂。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35 U.S.C.§119(e),本申请要求以下专利申请的优先权:于2017年2月20日提交的题为“苯并噁嗪树脂类粘合剂(BENZOXAZINE RESIN BASED ADHESIVE)”的美国临时专利申请序列No.62/460,912、于2017年2月20日提交的题为“用于将尼龙粘结至铝的硅烷类粘合剂(SILANE-BASED ADHESIVE FOR BONDING NYLON TO ALUMINUM)”的美国临时专利申请序列No.62/460,914以及于2017年2月20日提交的题为“苯并噁嗪和环氧树脂类粘合剂(BENZOXAZINE AND EPOXY RESIN BASED ADHESIVE)”的美国临时专利申请序列No.62/460,910,上述专利申请的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种粘合剂组合物和相关方法,其特别适用于注射或压缩成型操作,优选适用于将热塑性材料粘结至刚性基材的注射或压缩成型操作。
背景技术
存在许多方法以连接相似的基材,如将塑料部件连接至塑料部件或者将金属部件连接至金属部件。然而,当连接不同的基材(如将塑料或橡胶连接至金属)时,由于这些基材的表面化学性质不同,因而存在许多挑战。粘结高性能热塑性塑料和金属以制造塑料和金属的杂化材料可实现塑料和金属两者的最佳特性,包括重量轻、强度高、耐温性和低成本生产。此类粘合剂体系不仅在汽车制造和航空航天工业中,而且在电子、医疗设备以及能源和电器装配中都将获得巨大的应用机会。
粘合剂技术越来越多地从大量使用挥发性有机溶剂(VOC)转向水性系统。这种趋势受成本、安全性、政府法规和环境问题的推动。水性环氧树脂、聚氨酯树脂、酚醛树脂、醇酸树脂和其他树脂是普遍市售可得的,但是这些树脂不是特别适合于在模具内粘结工艺中将尼龙和其他可成型基材粘结至铝和类似的刚性基材。
本发明针对这些所感知的需求。
发明内容
在本发明的第一实施方案中,提供了粘合剂化学、应用和工艺条件的新颖组合。如上所述,用于将塑料结合至刚性基材(金属、玻璃、塑料等)的现有技术装配条件使用机械手段或结构粘合剂,并且逐件构建。本发明的一个实施方案与注射成型工艺相结合,该实施方案能够将粘合剂精确地施加至基材表面。
本文所述的粘合剂特别适用于在压缩和注射成型工艺中粘结两种不同的基材。因此,一种基材通常被称为“液态引入性基材”,而另一种基材通常被称为“刚性基材”。正因如此,相比于在成型操作期间保持相对尺寸稳定的固体基材,液态引入性基材不一定是“液态”的,而是引入成型腔室中的适形/可变形基材。在采用注射成型操作的本发明的一个实施方案中,液态引入性基材为可流动的液体,如液态硅橡胶。然而,在采用压缩成型操作的本发明的实施方案中,液态引入性基材可为市售的,但在成型工艺中被压缩/变形以与固体基材接合,粘合剂至少部分地设置在液态引入性基材和固体基材之间。液态引入性基材的实例包括液态硅橡胶、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、热塑性聚氨酯、可浇铸聚氨酯等。刚性基材的实例包括金属(如不锈钢和铝)、尼龙、聚碳酸酯和其他硬质塑料。
在本发明的第一实施方案中,提供了一种在注射或压缩成型工艺中粘结至少两种基材的方法,该方法包括:a)选择刚性基材;b)选择液态引入性基材;c)提供包含接枝聚丙烯和至少一种其他树脂材料的可固化粘合剂;d)用可固化粘合剂涂覆刚性基材,并使可固化粘合剂干燥;e)将涂覆后的刚性基材插入注射或压缩成型机中;f)将液态引入性基材插入压缩成型机中;以及g)将基材和粘合剂在足以使粘合剂固化的温度下加热一段时间,从而将液态引入性基材与刚性基材粘结。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,接枝聚丙烯包括马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯。在另一个实施方案中,至少一种其他树脂材料包括苯并噁嗪树脂、马来酰亚胺化合物、酚醛树脂、封端异氰酸酯、官能化硅烷或环氧树脂中的至少一种。在包括苯并噁嗪的实施方案中,苯并噁嗪优选包括双酚类或二胺类苯并噁嗪。在包括环氧树脂的本发明的实施方案中,环氧树脂优选包括双酚A类环氧树脂。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂中的至少一种其他树脂材料包括官能化硅烷,并且优选下列物质中的至少一种:氨基、聚氨基、酰氨基、醛、丙烯酸酯、酸酐、芳香族基团、羧酸酯、异氰酸酯、环氧、酯、羟基、甲基丙烯酰氧基、烯烃、膦、磷酸酯、硫、巯基、氨基甲酸酯、脲基和/或乙烯基官能化硅烷或它们的组合。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,至少一种其他树脂材料与官能化聚丙烯的比例为约15:85至约30:70,优选约20:80。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,可固化粘合剂包含苯并噁嗪树脂和成膜剂,其中成膜剂包含下列物质中的至少一种:聚氨酯热塑性塑料、聚脲、诸如氯化聚丙烯或氯化聚乙烯之类的氯化聚烯烃、诸如聚苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐之类的聚苯乙烯共聚物、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、诸如羟乙基纤维素之类的纤维素聚合物、或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,粘合剂包含接枝聚丙烯和硅烷,其中接枝聚丙烯优选马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(95.24重量份湿重=19.048份干重),硅烷优选缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(4.76重量份湿重和4.75份干重)。在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,硅烷占粘合剂体系中固体的约1重量%至约30重量%的范围。在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,聚丙烯聚合物占粘合剂体系中固体的约70重量%至约99重量%。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂包含接枝聚丙烯和苯并噁嗪树脂。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂还包含环氧树脂和任选的环氧固化剂。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂包含接枝聚丙烯和硅烷,其中硅烷优选环氧硅烷或脲基硅烷中的至少一种。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,其他热塑性树脂可任选地包含在粘合剂中。这些热塑性树脂包括下列物质中的至少一种:利用丙烯酸、聚丙烯、苯氧基(包括具有环氧或己内酰胺官能团的改性形式)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、马来酸酐接枝的热塑性塑料、热塑性聚烯烃、热塑性弹性体以及它们的组合。
因此,已经相当广泛地概述了本发明的更重要的特征,以便可以更好地理解下面的详细描述,并且可以更好地理解本发明对本领域的贡献。明显地,本发明的另外的特征将在下面进行描述,并且将形成所附权利要求的主题。对于这方面,在详细解释本发明的几个实施方案之前,应当理解,在其应用中,本发明并不限于其在以下描述中阐述或在附图中示出的细节、构造以及组分的排列。本发明可具有其他实施方案并且以各种方式实践和实施。
还应当理解,这里的措辞和术语是出于描述的目的,在任何方面都不应被视为限制。本领域技术人员将理解本公开所基于的概念,并且可以容易地将其用作指定用于实现该开发的若干目的的其他结构、方法和系统的基础。重要的是,应当认为权利要求包括这些等同的结构,只要它们不脱离本发明的精神和范围。
发明详述
在本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了包含接枝聚丙烯树脂的粘合剂。优选地,接枝聚丙烯包括马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯聚合物(Ma-PP)(具有1-丁烯和1-丙烯的马来酸酐聚合物)。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂还包含至少一种以下物质:苯并噁嗪树脂、马来酰亚胺化合物、聚氨酯树脂、官能化硅烷(如环氧硅烷或脲基硅烷)或异氰酸酯树脂。各物质的官能团既能够与液态引入性基材(如极性类型的塑料(聚酰胺等))进行物理相互作用,又能够与刚性基材(如金属、玻璃或塑料基材)进行化学相互作用。结果是在刚性基材和液态引入性基材上均形成强的化学键合。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,作为改性聚丙烯树脂的基础聚合物的聚丙烯为熔点高于130℃且不高于170℃的丙烯均聚物或者含有不低于93摩尔%的丙烯和另一种α烯烃的共聚物。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,当使用共聚物时,作为另一种α烯烃共聚单体,可以使用乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-辛烯或1-癸烯。
作为用于接枝的单体(下文中称为“接枝单体”),可以使用不饱和羧酸或其衍生物。作为不饱和羧酸,具体可以列举丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、富马酸和衣康酸。作为不饱和羧酸的衍生物,可以列举酸酐、酯、酰胺、酰亚胺和金属盐。具体实例包括马来酸酐、5-降冰片烷-2,3-二羧酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酐、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、马来酸单乙酯、马来酸二乙酯、富马酸单甲酯、富马酸二甲酯、衣康酸单甲酯、衣康酸二乙酯、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、马来酸单酰胺、马来酸二酰胺、马来酸N-单甲酰胺、马来酸N,N-二乙酰胺、马来酸N-单丁酰胺、马来酸N,N-二丁酰胺、富马酸单酰胺、富马酸二酰胺、富马酸N-单丁酰胺、富马酸N,N-二丁酰胺、马来酰亚胺、N-丁基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸钾和甲基丙烯酸钾。在这些接枝单体中,最希望使用马来酸酐或5-降冰片烷-2,3-二羧酸酐。
优选的用不饱和羧酸或其衍生物改性的改性聚丙烯为用不饱和羧酸或其衍生物接枝改性的改性聚丙烯,基于改性前的聚丙烯,不饱和羧酸或其衍生物的量为0.05重量%至15重量%,并且更优选为0.1重量%至10重量%。本发明的组分可仅由接枝改性的聚丙烯组成,或者可为未改性的聚丙烯和接枝改性的聚丙烯的组合物。
在本发明的可选实施方案中,可固化粘合剂包含除聚丙烯之外的官能化聚烯烃。在一个实施方案中,官能化聚烯烃包括利用马来酸酐、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸接枝的聚烯烃。聚烯烃可包括(例如)聚乙烯、聚丁二烯和含有聚烯烃的共聚物,如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯的共聚物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂还包含苯并噁嗪树脂。苯并噁嗪由连接至苯环的噁嗪环(具有氧和氮的杂环芳香族六元环)组成。根据环中氧和氮的位置,存在几种苯并噁嗪衍生物。苯并噁嗪树脂具有强大的性能和出色的热稳定性,以及对各种基材(包括塑料和金属)的优异的粘合特性。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,苯并噁嗪在6元环中包含1,3-构型的氧和氮。在本发明更优选的实施方案中,,苯并噁嗪包括如下结构的双酚类或二胺类苯并噁嗪。
双酚类苯并噁嗪:
二胺类苯并噁嗪:
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供了苯并噁嗪树脂用固化剂。在本发明最优选的实施方案中,固化剂包含三氟甲磺酸的胺盐。由于苯并噁嗪可与接枝树脂交联,因此不需要单独的接枝树脂用催化剂。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂配方中包含粘合促进剂、催化剂或其他对某些基材具有粘结亲和力的材料。作为一个实例,在本发明的粘结聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的实施方案中,提供了4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶(DMAP)或碳酸二苯酯中的至少一种。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,采用可选的聚合物树脂而不是接枝聚丙烯作为成膜剂与苯并噁嗪树脂一起使用。在包括苯并噁嗪的实施方案中,由于苯并噁嗪树脂的多功能性,马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯不是必需组分。在这些实施方案中,可以使用其他的成膜树脂,如聚氨酯热塑性塑料、聚脲、诸如氯化聚丙烯或氯化聚乙烯之类的氯化聚烯烃、诸如聚苯乙烯-接枝-马来酸酐之类的聚苯乙烯共聚物、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、诸如羟乙基纤维素之类的纤维素聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛等。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂还包含马来酰亚胺化合物。含有马来酰亚胺的粘合剂的该实施方案特别适用于粘结过氧化物固化的粘合剂。马来酰亚胺化合物包括含有至少两个马来酰亚胺基团的任意的化合物。马来酰亚胺基团可彼此连接或者可通过插入的二价基团(如亚烷基、环亚烷基、环氧二亚甲基、亚苯基(所有3种异构体)、2,6-二亚甲基-4-烷基酚或磺酰基)连接并分隔。马来酰亚胺基团连接至亚苯基的马来酰亚胺化合物的一个实例为间亚苯基双马来酰亚胺,并且可作为HVA-2从E.I.Du Pont de Nemours&Co.(美国特拉华州)购得。
马来酰亚胺化合物交联剂也可为芳香族聚马来酰亚胺化合物。优选的是具有约2至100个芳香环的芳香族聚马来酰亚胺,其中不超过一个马来酰亚胺基团直接连接至各相邻的芳香族环。这种芳香族聚马来酰亚胺是常见的商业材料,并且由不同的公司以不同的商品名出售,比如由Mitsui Chemicals,Incorporated供应的芳香族聚马来酰亚胺BMI-M-20和BMI-S。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂还包含聚酯聚氨酯。在本发明的一个实施方案中,聚酯聚氨酯包括硅氧烷改性的聚酯聚氨酯。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,当以20英寸/分钟(50.8cm/min)的速率测量硅氧烷改性的聚酯聚氨酯时,该聚酯聚氨酯的伸长率大于200%。这种硅氧烷改性的聚酯基水性聚氨酯分散体的一个实例为Hauthane L-2857(可购于美国马萨诸塞州的C.L.Hauthaway&Sons Corporation)。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂还包含环氧树脂的水乳状液。环氧-酯树脂的非离子水乳状液的优选实例包括但不限于多官能化环氧树脂,如双酚-A类环氧树脂、双酚-F类环氧树脂和酚醛清漆类环氧树脂。粘合剂组合物中存在的非离子水性环氧-酯树脂乳液的含量可高达干粘合剂组合物的约50重量%,优选不超过干粘合剂组合物的约25重量%。
其他合适的环氧树脂分散体包括:EPI-REZ树脂3510-W-60,其为低分子量液态双酚A环氧树脂(EPONTM树脂828型)的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂3515-W-60,其为半固态双酚A环氧树脂的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂3519-W-50,其为CTBN(丁二烯-丙烯腈)改性环氧树脂的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂3520-WY-55,其为含有有机共溶剂的半固态双酚A环氧树脂(EPON1001型)的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂3521-WY-53,其为EPI-REZ树脂3520-WY-55分散体的低粘度形式;EPI-REZ树脂3522-W-60,其为固态双酚A环氧树脂(EPON 1002型)的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂3535-WY-50,其为含有有机共溶剂的固态双酚A环氧树脂(EPON 1004型)的水分散体;EPT-REZ树脂3540-WY-55,其为含有有机共溶剂的固态双酚A环氧树脂(EPON 1007型)的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂3546-WH-53,其为含有非HAPS共溶剂的固态双酚A环氧树脂(EPON1007型)的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂5003-W-55,其为平均官能度为3的环氧化双酚A酚醛清漆树脂(EPON SU-3型)的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂5520-W-60,其为氨基甲酸酯改性的双酚A环氧树脂的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂5522-WY-55,其为含有有机共溶剂的改性双酚A环氧树脂(EPON 1002型)的水分散体;EPI-REZ树脂6006-W-70,其为平均官能度为6的环氧化邻甲酚酚醛清漆树脂的水分散体,以上各环氧树脂分散体可商购于Resolution PerformanceProducts。
在包括环氧树脂的本发明的实施方案中,提供了任选的环氧固化剂。优选的环氧固化剂包括双氰胺、取代的脲、封端的酸催化剂(如对甲苯磺酸、六氟锑和三氟甲磺酸的胺盐)、咪唑、取代的咪唑、或者咪唑或取代的咪唑与环氧树脂的加合物或其季铵盐或鏻盐、以及任意上述物质的混合物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂包含硅烷材料。在本发明的优选实施方案中,硅烷材料包括环氧官能化硅烷或脲基硅烷中的至少一种。
适用于本发明的环氧官能化硅烷化合物包括能够与接枝聚丙烯反应的任何环氧官能化硅烷化合物。合适的环氧官能化硅烷化合物的实例包括3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基二甲基甲氧基硅烷、2-(3,4-环氧环己基)-乙基三乙氧基硅烷等。这些化合物通常可商购获得(例如,得自Aldrich Chemical的3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和得自Gelest Inc.的3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和β-(3,4-环氧环己基)-乙基三乙氧基硅烷),并且许多这样的化合物在文献中是已知的并且可通过本领域公认的方法获得。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,硅烷包括脲基硅烷。脲基硅烷材料包括如下式中所示的硅烷材料:
或者此类硅烷的水解产物或缩合产物,其中D独立地选自(R3)或(OR),条件是至少一个D为(OR)。在该式中,各R独立地选自由氢、烷基、烷氧基取代的烷基、酰基、烷基甲硅烷基或烷氧基甲硅烷基组成的组,并且各R基团可以为直链或支链的并且可相同或不同。优选地,R独立地选自由氢、乙基、甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和乙酰基组成的组。
上式中的X为选自由键、或者取代或未取代的脂肪族或芳香族基团组成的组中的成员。优选地,X选自由下列组成的组中的成员:键、C1-C10亚烷基、C1-C6亚烯基、被至少一个氨基取代的C1-C6亚烷基、被至少一个氨基取代的C1-C6亚烯基、亚芳基和烷基亚芳基。
R1和R2部分单独地选自由下列组成的组:氢、C1-C6烷基、环烷基、C1-C6烯基、被至少一个氨基取代的C1-C6烷基、被至少一个氨基取代的C1-C6烯基、亚芳基和烷基亚芳基。优选地,R1单独地选自由下列组成的组:氢、乙基、甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环己基和乙酰基。
如本文所用,术语“取代的”脂肪族或芳香族是指这样的脂肪族或芳香族基团:在所述基团中,碳骨架可具有位于骨架内的杂原子或与碳骨架连接的杂原子或含有杂原子的基团。
式I的R3是具有1至10个碳原子的一价烃基。R3基团包括烷基、芳基和芳烷基,比如甲基、乙基、丁基、己基、苯基或苄基。其中,较低级的C1-C4烷基是优选的。通常,R3为甲基。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,脲基硅烷包括3-脲基丙基三乙氧基硅烷或3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
在本发明的其他实施方案中,可使用除环氧硅烷或脲基硅烷之外的官能化硅烷。这些硅烷包括下列物质中的至少一种:氨基、聚氨基、酰氨基、醛、丙烯酸酯、酸酐、芳香族基团、羧酸酯、异氰酸酯基、环氧基、酯、羟基、甲基丙烯酰氧基、烯烃、膦、磷酸酯、硫、巯基、氨基甲酸酯、乙烯基官能化的硅烷或它们的组合。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,粘合剂还包含封端异氰酸酯,优选为自封端异氰酸酯。自封端异氰酸酯也被称为内封端异氰酸酯,并且通常包含二聚二异氰酸酯。
双(环脲)为封端脂肪族二异氰酸酯,并且在一些实施方案中是优选的,因为在反应性异氰酸酯基团的热释放时无副产物形成。这些双(环脲)包括可被称为自封端异氰酸酯的化合物。下列文献描述了这些双环脲的实例:Ulrich,ACS Symp.Ser.172 519(1981),Sherwood,J.Coat.Technol.54(689),61(1982)和Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia ofChemical Technology,第三版,第23卷,第584页,所有这些文献均通过引用并入本文。作为这种内封端异氰酸酯的实例,可以例举由Huls Co.以商品名“IPDI-BF 1540”销售的脲二酮连接的自封端异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。
在本发明的不太优选的实施方案中,自封端异氰酸酯包括上文讨论的二聚的二异氰酸酯,然而在部分封端或未封端的分子的末端可能存在一些异氰酸酯官能团。这些官能团可能与水缓慢地反应并缩短水性配制物的保质期,然而主要的“内封端”异氰酸酯官能团在这样施用的粘合剂配制物中保持活性并可用于粘结。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,自封端异氰酸酯包括二聚异氰酸酯,比如二聚甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-脲二酮)、二聚亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI-脲二酮)或它们的混合物。MDI脲二酮的实例为可购于EMS-Griltech(瑞士)的GRILBOND A2BOND,并且TDI脲二酮的实例为可购于Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmBH(德国曼海姆)的ADOLINK TT。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,异氰酸酯包括传统的封端异氰酸酯。封端异氰酸酯通常是由异氰酸酯和活泼氢或亚甲基化合物(比如丙二酸酯)反应而形成的。当加热这些封端产物时,释放封端剂,并且异氰酸酯在异氰酸酯活性物质的存在下时反应。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在水性载体介质中提供粘合剂配制物。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,在任选包含少量共溶剂的水性载体中提供粘合剂。此外,在本发明的其他实施方案中,在基于溶剂的体系中输送可固化粘合剂。在溶剂体系和水性体系两者中的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯均可商购获得。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,可使用另外的反应促进剂、催化剂和/或其他固化剂。例如,已使用咪唑类促进剂和胺类固化剂制备本发明实施方案的粘合剂。
在本发明的其他实施方案中,粘合剂组合物可任选地包含其他熟知的添加剂,所述添加剂包括增塑剂、填料、染料、表面活性剂、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、流变改性剂、增强剂等。
在本发明的实施方案中,粘合剂以“单组分”或1K配制物提供,其中所有组成材料以单一混合物提供。在另一个实施方案中,特别是当成分可彼此反应时,例如当使用催化剂时,将组分分成两部分(即2K)。在该实施方案中,通常将催化剂与除载体溶剂之外的所有其他成分、或者至少在环境(储存)条件下可与催化剂反应的其他成分分开。
在本发明特别优选的实施方案中,该粘合剂非常适合于将聚酰胺粘结至玻璃和其他刚性基材。在本发明的其他实施方案中,由于热塑性树脂的极性性质,其适合于其他极性类型塑料的应用。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,粘合剂用于粘结各种塑料和热塑性弹性体,比如聚酰胺(包括但不限于聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、聚酰胺6T、聚酰胺6I、聚邻苯二甲酰胺)、聚酯(包括但不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT))、液晶聚合物、聚碳酸酯(双酚A型)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、PC/ABS共混物、聚醚砜(PES)、聚砜(PSU)、聚苯砜(PPSU)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚芳醚酮(PAEK)、热塑性弹性体如苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)。
刚性基材包括铝、钢、不锈钢、玻璃、钛、氮化钛、镁、黄铜、镍、涂覆有油墨的基材、上文列出的各种塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、ABS)以及其他这样的基材。
上述液态粘合剂体系的输送或应用可以通过多种方法进行,包括常规喷涂、辊涂、刷涂、丝网印刷、模版印刷、油墨印刷、喷射和微喷涂。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,通常使用Binks Model 95虹吸喷枪喷涂粘合剂。喷枪配有66SS流体喷嘴和66SK空气帽。雾化压力范围为30psi至35psi。多次加工用于构建所需的干膜厚度,目标范围为约25微米。产品可以在不同温度下涂布至基材。通常优选预热至65℃,但可能并非总是必需或总是这样。
通常将粘合剂涂布为均匀的湿膜,并采用热空气来帮助干燥并除去载液。干膜厚度的目标为1密耳至3密耳,或25微米至75微米。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,粘合剂为B阶段(B-staged)的,以在涂覆后的基材上产生部分固化的粘合剂。B阶段通常可以在室温下进行较长的一段时间(若干小时),或在高温下进行较短的一段时间(5分钟至30分钟)。
通常使用压缩或注射成型工艺制备粘结组件。对于压缩成型,采用具有两个分离腔的模具。将具有干粘合剂膜涂层的刚性基材置于预热的模具中,并将待粘结的塑料/弹性体置于腔的顶部。关闭热模具并置于液压机中在已知压力下夹紧。一经固化,将粘结组件从模具中取出。一旦粘结组件冷却至室温,即可进行手动或视觉测试粘结质量。注射成型是类似的,不同之处在于:将塑料/弹性体作为液体注入模具腔中并保持高温和高压直至组件固化并粘结。
虽然已经参考特定实施方案描述了本发明,但是应当认识到,这些实施方案仅仅是本发明的原理的说明。本领域普通技术人员将理解,本发明的组合物、装置和方法可以通过其他方式和实施方式构造和实施。因此,本文的描述不应被视为限制本发明,同时其他实施方案也落在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围内。
实施例
在整个实施例中,除非在个别实施例中另有描述,否则粘合剂均按照如下所述进行制备、涂布、粘结和测试。
粘合剂制造:如本领域技术人员将领会的,某些组分需要通过bb磨机、磨砂机或Kady磨机研磨成较小的颗粒尺寸,而其他组分因为在接收时处于溶液中或已经分散在水中,所以它们可以被卷入。根据如下配方制备了粘合剂,并且按照如下所述的进行涂布、粘结、固化。
粘合剂涂布:制备的粘合剂的典型涂布是将混合的粘合剂喷涂至刚性基材并使其干燥,然后在150℃时进行30分钟的B阶段,而后进行模具内粘结步骤。干膜厚度要求会有所不同,但典型的干膜厚度在25微米和75微米之间或为1密耳至3密耳。
粘结/固化:可以根据与刚性基材粘结的液态引入性基材(弹性体、塑料、TPV)的特定加工特性改变粘结条件。
测试参数:通常,以几种方式测试粘结质量。一种这样的测试测量搭接剪切强度。在该测试中,使用粘合剂以互搭方式将两个基材连接在一起,典型的粘结面积为6.5cm2。然后将搭接剪切试样在型机器上以180度和50mm/min的速率拉开,并测量力和失效模式。ASTM D429方法B中概述了另一种这样的测试。该测试使用型测试设备进行,其中使用夹具将刚性基材固定在适当位置,并且以90度或180度的角度、以30mm/min至300mm/min的速度将液态引入性基材从基材上剥离。该方法提供了造成两种材料分离所需要的剥离力的值,此外通过目视检查失效模式,从而确定留在刚性基材上的“橡胶”(非刚性基材)的百分数。
失效模式:
P=塑料保留
AG=粘结至玻璃的粘合剂失效
PC=塑料至水泥失效
GB=玻璃破碎
COH=粘合剂的粘结失效
实施例1
在本发明的第一实施例中,制备包含以下配方的粘合剂。然后将该粘合剂用于将聚酰胺或AB/ABS粘结至玻璃和铝基材。
粘合剂1
成分 | 重量百分数 |
马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯 | 19 |
β-(3,4-环氧环己基)-乙基三乙氧基硅烷 | 4.8 |
甲基环己烷 | 61 |
甲基异丁基甲酮 | 15.2 |
合计 | 100 |
在该实施例中,制备粘合剂并将其涂布至刚性基材并干燥,然后根据热塑性树脂制造商的建议将塑料材料注射成型至刚性基材。然后如上所述对部件进行拉力测试,直至部件破损,然后通过以下结果(多次测试的平均值)确定失效模式:
实施例2
根据以下配方制备指定为5805-01和5415-15的粘合剂,然后在将尼龙粘结至铝时进行测试。
(重量百分数提供了活性物质的干重,任何水性载体总结于“水”条目中)
为了比较目的,测试了这两种粘合剂体系以及100%马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯树脂。使所有体系在以下示出的温度下粘结30分钟。所有样品均示出了粘结失效模式,搭接剪切强度以MPa为单位示出:
粘合剂 | 130℃ | 170℃ |
5415-15 | 16.9MPa | 17.5MPa |
5805-01 | 15.0MPa | 18.2MPa |
100%Ma-PP | 3.2MPa | 1.4MPa |
然后根据ASTM D429方法B测试粘合剂5805-01的剥离强度,并示出了10.5N/m的剥离强度和100%粘结失效模式。然后,相对于现有技术的粘合剂(购于LORD Corporation的218粘合剂),在不同的温度下测试粘合剂样品的剪切应力,结果以MPa为单位。
粘合剂 | -40℃ | 25℃ | 80℃ |
5415-15 | 13MPa | 14MPa | 6MPa |
Chemlok 218 | 4MPa | 5MPa | 4MPa |
实施例3
根据以下配方制备指定为5265-11和5819-05和5819-06的粘合剂,并用于将尼龙粘结至铝。
(重量百分数提供了活性物质的干重,任何载体总结于“水”或“共溶剂”条目中)
通过添加咪唑促进剂(Curezol 2MA-OK)和胺固化剂(Ancamine 2014AC)制备第二组的两种粘合剂,并在相同条件下各自进行重复评价。
通过喷涂施加粘合剂以获得2密耳的干膜厚度,然后在三种不同的条件下预烘烤。室温预烘烤超过4小时,而较高温度的预烘烤周期为30分钟。然后,如下所示测试样品的搭接剪切强度。100℃的预烘烤条件示出了最高的搭接剪切强度。使用Curezol和Ancamine不会加速100℃时的固化。可以添加其他添加剂(如Nychem 1578x1和K-pure CXC-1615)以提高韧性并加速固化。
粘合剂 | RT | 50℃ | 100℃ |
5265-11 | 8.8MPa | 9.8MPa | 17.1MPa |
5819-05 | 7.8MPa | 8.6MPa | 16.4MPa |
5819-06 | 8.9MPa | 10.2MPa | 16.0MPa |
实施例4
根据以下配方制备粘合剂,并稀释成含有34.5%固体的水溶液。然后将其用于将尼龙粘结至铝。
(重量百分数提供了活性物质的干重)
将上述粘合剂施加至铝试样上并使其干燥,并在各种条件下进行B阶段,然后以注射成型的方式粘结尼龙。对于所有的B阶段条件,搭接剪切强度均高于10MPa,包括在25℃进行数小时的B阶段的室温样品。
100℃ | 110℃ | 120℃ | |
5min | - | - | 10MPa |
10min | 10.5MPa | 11MPa | 13MPa |
15min | - | - | 14.5MPa |
20min | 12MPa | 13.5MPa | - |
30min | 12MPa | 12.5MPa | - |
实施例5
在该实施例中,根据以下配方制备粘合剂,并用于将尼龙粘结至铝和不锈钢。与现有技术的材料相比,该粘合剂表现出提高的热冲击和粘结作用。
将该粘合剂喷涂施加至316不锈钢和铝试样,然后干燥成25微米至40微米的干膜厚度,并在60℃进行5分钟的B阶段。然后根据聚酰胺供应商的建议用聚酰胺在涂覆后的试样上进行注射成型。然后使用拉伸测试@1.3cm/min(0.5in/min)对粘结组件进行测试,结果如下:
铝 | 不锈钢 | |
主要粘结 | 5.3MPa | 6.6MPa |
失效模式 | 50PC/50COH | 100PC |
实施例6
在该实施例中,将马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯与水性酚醛树脂混合,并对于将若干液态引入性基材粘结至玻璃和铝进行测试。
粘合剂E1008713
原料 | 固体重量% | 配方中的干重% | 配方湿重% |
Ma-PP | 33% | 74.2 | 26.4 |
酚醛树脂 | 46% | 25.8 | 9.2 |
水 | 0 | 0 | 64.4 |
将粘合剂以约40微米的干膜厚度喷涂施加至刚性基材,并根据供应商的建议对聚合物基材进行注射成型。
铝 | 玻璃 | |
聚芳醚酮 | 4.9MPa | - |
聚苯砜 | 4.9MPa | - |
聚酰胺 | - | 4.4MPa |
Claims (23)
1.一种在注射或压缩成型工艺中粘结至少两种基材的方法,该方法包括:
a)选择刚性基材;
b)选择液态引入性基材;
c)提供包含接枝聚丙烯和至少一种其他树脂材料的可固化粘合剂;
d)用所述可固化粘合剂涂覆所述刚性基材,并使所述可固化粘合剂干燥;
e)将涂覆后的刚性基材插入注射或压缩成型机中;
f)将所述液态引入性基材插入所述压缩成型机中;以及
g)将基材和粘合剂在足以使所述粘合剂固化的温度下加热一段时间,从而将所述液态引入性粘结至所述刚性基材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述接枝聚丙烯包括马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种其他树脂材料包括苯并噁嗪树脂、马来酰亚胺化合物、酚醛树脂、封端异氰酸酯、官能化硅烷或环氧树脂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中苯并噁嗪包括双酚类或二胺类苯并噁嗪。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述环氧树脂包括双酚A类环氧树脂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述粘合剂还包含咪唑催化剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种其他树脂材料包括官能化硅烷。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中官能化硅烷组分包括下列物质中的至少一种:氨基、聚氨基、酰氨基、醛、丙烯酸酯、酸酐、芳香族基团、羧酸酯、异氰酸酯基、环氧基、酯、羟基、甲基丙烯酰氧基、烯烃、膦、磷酸酯、硫、巯基、氨基甲酸酯、脲基和/或乙烯基官能化的硅烷或它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述官能化硅烷包括缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述官能化硅烷包括3-脲基丙基三乙氧基硅烷或3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,还包括聚氨酯树脂。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘合剂还包含水和任选的选自丙二醇甲基醚或甲醇的共溶剂。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种其他树脂材料与官能化聚丙烯的比例为约15:85至约30:70。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述至少一种其他树脂材料与官能化聚丙烯的比例为约20:80。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述液态引入性基材包括极性热塑性材料。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述刚性基材包括玻璃、铝或不锈钢中的至少一种。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述液态引入性基材包括聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯或聚碳酸酯/聚(丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯)的混合物中的至少一种。
18.一种在注射或压缩成型工艺中粘结至少两种基材的方法,该方法包括:
a)选择刚性基材;
b)选择液态引入性基材;
c)提供包含接枝聚烯烃和至少一种其他树脂材料的可固化粘合剂;
d)用所述可固化粘合剂涂覆所述刚性基材,并使所述可固化粘合剂干燥;
e)将涂覆后的刚性基材插入注射或压缩成型机中;
f)将液态引入性基材插入所述压缩成型机中;以及
g)将基材和粘合剂在足以使所述粘合剂固化的温度下加热一段时间,从而将所述液态引入性基材粘结至所述刚性基材。
19.一种在注射或压缩成型工艺中粘结至少两种基材的方法,该方法包括:
a)选择刚性基材;
b)选择液态引入性基材;
c)提供包含苯并噁嗪树脂和成膜剂的可固化粘合剂;
d)用所述可固化粘合剂涂覆所述刚性基材,并使所述可固化粘合剂干燥;
e)将涂覆后的刚性基材插入注射或压缩成型机中;
f)将所述液态引入性基材插入所述压缩成型机中;以及
g)将基材和粘合剂在足以使所述粘合剂固化的温度下加热一段时间,从而将所述液态引入性基材粘结至所述刚性基材。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述成膜剂包含下列物质中的至少一种:聚氨酯热塑性塑料、聚脲、诸如氯化聚丙烯或氯化聚乙烯之类的氯化聚烯烃、诸如聚苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐之类的聚苯乙烯共聚物、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、诸如羟乙基纤维素之类的纤维素聚合物、或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
21.一种粘合剂,包含苯并噁嗪树脂和成膜剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的粘合剂,其中所述成膜剂包含下列物质中的至少一种:聚氨酯热塑性塑料、聚脲、诸如氯化聚丙烯或氯化聚乙烯之类的氯化聚烯烃、诸如聚苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐之类的聚苯乙烯共聚物、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、诸如羟乙基纤维素之类的纤维素聚合物、或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
23.根据权利要求22所述的粘合剂,还包含马来酰亚胺化合物、酚醛树脂、封端异氰酸酯、官能化硅烷或环氧树脂中的至少一种。
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JP7132048B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-13 | 2022-09-06 | 藤森工業株式会社 | ホットメルト接着樹脂組成物及びホットメルト接着樹脂積層体 |
WO2020076932A1 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-16 | Dupont Polymers, Inc. | Polymer metal hybrid laminates |
JP7088423B1 (ja) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-06-21 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 接着剤組成物、接着シート、積層体およびプリント配線板 |
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US20130209812A1 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Anticorrosion coatings |
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