CN110318273A - 一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110318273A
CN110318273A CN201910736998.4A CN201910736998A CN110318273A CN 110318273 A CN110318273 A CN 110318273A CN 201910736998 A CN201910736998 A CN 201910736998A CN 110318273 A CN110318273 A CN 110318273A
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肖荐文
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CONCORDIA ADVANCED FABRICS (SUZHOU) CO.,LTD.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,包括以下成分:乙二醇单丁醚、羧甲基纤维素钠、烷基磷酸单烷基酯、鼠李糖、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚和水。本发明的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,在使用时,可完全取代天然植物染料印染过程中的无机盐,有利于环保;同时由于加入了烷基磷酸单烷基酯,本发明的无盐印染助剂不但可以使棉涤混纺纤维上色效果好,而且不会形成棉纤维和涤纶纤维间的色差。

Description

一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织助剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶的基本组成物质是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,因分子链上存在大量酯基故称聚酯纤维(PET),用于纤维的聚酯相对分子量一般在18000-25000左右,仿毛涤纶分子量较低,工业涤纶分子量较高。实际上,其中还有少量的单体和低聚物存在。这些低聚物的聚合度较低,又以环状形式存在。聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯可由对苯二甲酸(PTA)和乙二醇(EG)通过直接酯化法制取对苯二甲酸乙二酯9BHET)后缩聚而成。
从涤纶分子组成来看,它是由短脂肪烃链、酯基、苯环、端醇羟基所构成。涤纶子中除存在两个端醇羟基外,并无其它极性基团,因而涤纶纤维亲水性极差。涤纶分子中约含有46%酯基,酯基在200℃以上时能发生水解、热裂解,遇强碱则皂解,使聚合度降低,100℃以下普通用量的洗涤剂洗衣粉对涤纶无任何影响;涤纶分子中还含有脂肪族烃链,它能使涤纶分子具有一定柔曲性,但由于涤纶分子中还有不能内旋转的苯环,故涤纶大分子基本为刚性分子,分子链易于保持线型。因此,涤纶大分子在这一条件下很容易形成结晶,故涤纶的结晶度和取向性较高。由于涤纶的结构特征,导致其染色性较差,但色牢度好,不易褪色。涤纶分子链上因无特定的染色基团,而且极性较小,所以染色较为困难,易染性较差,染料分子不易进入纤维。
而棉纤维的主要成份是纤维素,纤维素是天然高分子化合物,纤维素的化学结构式由α葡萄糖为基本结构单元重复构成,其元素组成为碳44.44%、氢6.17%、氧49.39%。棉纤维的聚合度在6000~11000间。纵向呈扁平的转曲带状,封闭的一端尖细,生长在棉籽上的一端较粗且敞口。棉纤维的横断面由许多同心层组成,主要有初生层、次生层、中腔三个部分。相比较而言,棉纤维与涤纶纤维更容易染色,故涤纶和棉的混纺纤维容易造成纤维与纤维间的色差,尤其是淡色更为明显,而天然植物染料印染过程中大量加入无机盐,对环境的破坏较大,故有必要研究一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂及其制备方法。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,包括以下成分:乙二醇单丁醚、羧甲基纤维素钠、烷基磷酸单烷基酯、鼠李糖、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚和水。
优选的,所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚20-30%、羧甲基纤维素钠6-10%、烷基磷酸单烷基酯4-8%、鼠李糖8-15%、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚3-6%和水余量。
乙二醇单丁醚是优良的溶剂。也是优良的表面活性剂,可清除金属、织物、玻璃、塑料等表面的油垢。广泛用于油漆、油墨、皮革、印染、医药、电子工业。
羧甲基纤维素钠,是当今世界上使用范围最广、用量最大的纤维素种类。简称CMC-Na,是葡萄糖聚合度为100-2000的纤维素衍生物,相对分子质量242.16。白色纤维状或颗粒状粉末。无臭、有吸湿性,溶于水,不溶于乙醇、乙醚和三聚甲烷。
鼠李糖,又称6-脱氧-L-甘露糖,是广泛存在于植物的多糖、糖苷、植物胶和细菌多糖中的一种物质。其甜度为蔗糖的33%,可用来测定肠道的渗透性,可用作甜味剂,还可用于生产香精香料,可食用。
烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)是一种重要的聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂,它具有性质稳定、耐酸碱和成本低等特征,主要用以生产高性能洗涤剂,是印染助剂中最常用的主要原料之一,长期以来在配制洗涤剂、精练剂、纺丝油剂、柔软剂、毛油和金属清洗剂等各种印染助剂中都需要添加烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚。
优选的,所述的烷基磷酸单烷基酯的结构式(Ⅰ)如下:
其中,R选自2,4,4-三甲基戊基、2,2,4-三甲基戊基、2,3,4-三甲基戊基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、2-乙基己基中的一种。
一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、室温下,在反应釜中加入水,设置转速为300-400rpm,加入乙二醇单丁醚,搅拌15-25min;
B、然后加入羧甲基纤维素钠和聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚,搅拌8-15min;
C、最后升高温度至60-70℃,调节转速至250-300rpm,加入烷基磷酸单烷基酯和鼠李糖,恒温搅拌30-40min,即可。
优选的,本发明的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂与天然植物染色剂共同使用。
进一步优选的,所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂与天然植物染色剂的质量比为1:(5-12)。
进一步优选的,所述的混纺纤维为棉纤维含量为10-95%的棉涤混纺纤维。
本发明的有益之处在于:本发明的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,在使用时,可完全取代天然植物染料印染过程中的无机盐,有利于环保;同时由于加入了烷基磷酸单烷基酯,本发明的无盐印染助剂不但可以使棉涤混纺纤维上色效果好,而且不会形成棉纤维和涤纶纤维间的色差。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、室温下,在反应釜中加入水,设置转速为350rpm,加入乙二醇单丁醚,搅拌22min;
B、然后加入羧甲基纤维素钠和聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚,搅拌12min;
C、最后升高温度至68℃,调节转速至280rpm,加入烷基磷酸单烷基酯和鼠李糖,恒温搅拌32min,即可;
所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚24%、羧甲基纤维素钠8%、烷基磷酸单烷基酯7%、鼠李糖13%、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚5%和水余量;
所述的烷基磷酸单烷基酯的结构式(Ⅰ)如下:
其中,R为2,4,4-三甲基戊基。
实施例2:
一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、室温下,在反应釜中加入水,设置转速为400rpm,加入乙二醇单丁醚,搅拌15min;
B、然后加入羧甲基纤维素钠和聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚,搅拌15min;
C、最后升高温度至60℃,调节转速至300rpm,加入烷基磷酸单烷基酯和鼠李糖,恒温搅拌30min,即可;
所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚30%、羧甲基纤维素钠6%、烷基磷酸单烷基酯8%、鼠李糖8%、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚6%和水余量。
所述的烷基磷酸单烷基酯的结构式(Ⅰ)如下:
其中,R为2,3,4-三甲基戊基。
实施例3:
一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、室温下,在反应釜中加入水,设置转速为300rpm,加入乙二醇单丁醚,搅拌25min;
B、然后加入羧甲基纤维素钠和聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚,搅拌8min;
C、最后升高温度至70℃,调节转速至250rpm,加入烷基磷酸单烷基酯和鼠李糖,恒温搅拌40min,即可;
所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚20%、羧甲基纤维素钠10%、烷基磷酸单烷基酯4%、鼠李糖15%、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚3%和水余量。
所述的烷基磷酸单烷基酯的结构式(Ⅰ)如下:
其中,R为1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基。
对比例1
将实施例1中的烷基磷酸单烷基酯去除,其余配比和制备方法不变。
以实施例1和对比例1制备的无盐印染助剂为例,将其应用于棉纤维含量为30%的棉涤混纺纤维,具体的染色步骤如下:
进混纺面料布匹→加无盐印染助剂(1%o.w.f.,即助剂的用量为布匹质量的1%)运行15min→加入芡实壳天然植物染料(8%o.w.f.,即染料的用量为布匹质量的8%)→升温至75℃,运行15min→升温至120℃,运行10min→降温至常温→出缸→柔软定型。
经过染色后,实施例1的棉涤混纺纤维的50次皂洗色牢度达到5级,肉眼观察,棉纤维和涤纶纤维之间无色差;而对比例1的棉涤混纺纤维的50次皂洗色牢度只有3级,肉眼观察,棉纤维和涤纶纤维之间有明显色差。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,其特征在于,包括以下成分:乙二醇单丁醚、羧甲基纤维素钠、烷基磷酸单烷基酯、鼠李糖、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚和水。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,其特征在于,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚20-30%、羧甲基纤维素钠6-10%、烷基磷酸单烷基酯4-8%、鼠李糖8-15%、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚3-6%和水余量。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,其特征在于,所述的烷基磷酸单烷基酯的结构式(Ⅰ)如下:
其中,R选自2,4,4-三甲基戊基、2,2,4-三甲基戊基、2,3,4-三甲基戊基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、2-乙基己基中的一种。
4.一种应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、室温下,在反应釜中加入水,设置转速为300-400rpm,加入乙二醇单丁醚,搅拌15-25min;
B、然后加入羧甲基纤维素钠和聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚,搅拌8-15min;
C、最后升高温度至60-70℃,调节转速至250-300rpm,加入烷基磷酸单烷基酯和鼠李糖,恒温搅拌30-40min,即可。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、室温下,在反应釜中加入水,设置转速为350rpm,加入乙二醇单丁醚,搅拌22min;
B、然后加入羧甲基纤维素钠和聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚,搅拌12min;
C、最后升高温度至68℃,调节转速至280rpm,加入烷基磷酸单烷基酯和鼠李糖,恒温搅拌32min,即可;
所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚24%、羧甲基纤维素钠8%、烷基磷酸单烷基酯7%、鼠李糖13%、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚5%和水余量;
所述的烷基磷酸单烷基酯的结构式(Ⅰ)如下:
其中,R为2,4,4-三甲基戊基。
6.如权利要求1-3任一所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,其特征在于,本发明的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂与天然植物染色剂共同使用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,其特征在于,所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂与天然植物染色剂的质量比为1:(5-12)。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的应用于混纺纤维的无盐印染助剂,其特征在于,所述的混纺纤维为棉纤维含量为10-95%的棉涤混纺纤维。
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