CN109371720A - 一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂 - Google Patents

一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂 Download PDF

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CN109371720A
CN109371720A CN201811099599.3A CN201811099599A CN109371720A CN 109371720 A CN109371720 A CN 109371720A CN 201811099599 A CN201811099599 A CN 201811099599A CN 109371720 A CN109371720 A CN 109371720A
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邱峰
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Huzhou Xinruntian Textile Co Ltd
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    • D06P1/44General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚18‑22%、1,4‑丁内酯21‑24%、氯化铯1‑2%、碳酸氢钠8‑10%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠7‑8%、水余量。本发明的染色助剂在使用过程中,无需加入酸、碱调节染液的pH,同时将传统的染色时间缩短到1h以内,尤其是升温至130℃以后,只需高温处理10min,就可以达到非常好的染色效果,节能、环保。

Description

一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织助剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂。
背景技术
涤纶的基本组成物质是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,分子式 HO-H2C-H2C-O[-OC-Ph-COOCH2CH2O-]n,因分子链上存在大量酯基故称聚酯纤维(PET),其长链分子的化学结构式为H(OCH2CCOCO)NOCH2CH2OH,用于纤维的聚酯相对分子量一般在18000~25000左右,仿毛涤纶分子量较低,工业涤纶分子量较高。实际上,其中还有少量的单体和低聚物存在。这些低聚物的聚合度较低,又以环状形式存在。聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯可由对苯二甲酸(PTA)和乙二醇(EG)通过直接酯化法制取对苯二甲酸乙二酯9BHET)后缩聚而成。
从涤纶分子组成来看,它是由短脂肪烃链、酯基、苯环、端醇羟基所构成。涤纶子中除存在两个端醇羟基外,并无其它极性基团,因而涤纶纤维亲水性极差。涤纶分子中约含有46%酯基,酯基在200℃以上时能发生水解、热裂解,遇强碱则皂解,使聚合度降低,100℃以下普通用量的洗涤剂洗衣粉对涤纶无任何影响;涤纶分子中还含有脂肪族烃链,它能使涤纶分子具有一定柔曲性,但由于涤纶分子中还有不能内旋转的苯环,故涤纶大分子基本为刚性分子,分子链易于保持线型。因此,涤纶大分子在这一条件下很容易形成结晶,故涤纶的结晶度和取向性较高。由于涤纶的结构特征,导致其染色性较差,但色牢度好,不易褪色。涤纶分子链上因无特定的染色基团,而且极性较小,所以染色较为困难,易染性较差,染料分子不易进入纤维。
传统的涤纶织物在染色前需经过高温前处理,去除纺织油剂、污渍、浆料等,前处理加工后再经过水洗、中和工序才能进入高温高压染色机染色,织物在高温高压染色机中采用100-150℃高温染色,染色结束后对中深度织物还需经过还原清洗加工以去除浮色提高水洗牢度。传统的前处理、染色加工的工序长、使用大量的水、电、蒸汽,同时排出大量的污水和污染物。
本发明提供了一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,该染色助剂不但可以帮助涤纶染色,而且还可以有效降低污染物排放。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚、1, 4-丁内酯、氯化铯、碳酸氢钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和水。
优选的,所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:
乙二醇单丁醚16-25%,
1, 4-丁内酯18-25%,
氯化铯 1-2%,
碳酸氢钠 5-12%,
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 6-10%,
水 余量。
优选的,所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:
乙二醇单丁醚18-22%,
1, 4-丁内酯21-24%,
氯化铯 1-2%,
碳酸氢钠 8-10%,
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 7-8%,
水 余量。
优选的,所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:室温下,在反应釜中加入水,然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠,常温搅拌30-45min,然后加入1,4-丁内酯,搅拌15-25min,随后加入乙二醇单丁醚,继续搅拌15-25min;最后降低温度至0-4℃,加入氯化铯和碳酸氢钠,恒温搅拌 60-90min,即可。
乙二醇单丁醚是优良的溶剂。也是优良的表面活性剂,可清除金属、织物、玻璃、塑料等表面的油垢。广泛用于油漆、油墨、皮革、印染、医药、电子工业;用作硝酸纤维素、喷漆、快干漆、清漆的溶剂,用作油漆、油墨的溶剂及染料分散剂的原料。
1、用作油漆、油墨的溶剂、金属清洗剂组分及染料分散剂的原料;
2、主要用作硝酸纤维素、喷漆、快干漆、清漆、搪瓷和脱漆剂的溶剂。还可作纤维润湿剂、农药分散剂、树脂增塑剂、有机合成中间体。测定铁和钼的试剂。改进乳化性能和将矿物油溶解在皂液中的辅助溶剂;
3、用作测定铁和钼的试剂及溶剂,也用于分离硝酸盐中的钙和锶。
1,4-丁内酯,又称γ-丁内酯,4-羟基丁酸内酯。是一种无色油状液体,能与水混溶,溶于甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙醚和苯。可随水蒸气挥发,在热碱溶液中分解。1,4-丁内酯作为香料、医药中间体应用广泛。作为一种高沸点溶剂,溶解性强,电性能及稳定性好,使用安全。作为一种质子型强力溶剂,可溶解大多数低分子聚合物及部份高分子聚合物,可用作电池电解质,以代替强腐蚀性酸液。在聚合反应中可做为载体并参加聚合反应。可用于吡咯烷酮、丁酸、琥珀酸、去漆药水等,在医药、香料等精细化学品合成方面应用很广。也常用作树脂的溶剂,是高安全性/低毒环保型溶剂。在聚氨酯领域,可用作聚氨酯的粘度改性剂(活性稀释剂)、以及聚氨酯和氨基涂料体系的固化剂。
氯化铯是一种无机盐,无色立方晶体,密封阴凉干燥保存。熔点645℃,沸点1290℃,相对密度3.988;易溶于水、乙醇、甲醇,不溶于丙酮。在空气中吸湿潮解。
碳酸氢钠,化学式NaHCO3,俗称小苏打。白色细小晶体,在水中的溶解度小于碳酸钠。它也是一种工业用化学品,固体50℃以上开始逐渐分解生成碳酸钠、二氧化碳和水,270℃时完全分解。
碳酸氢钠是强碱与弱酸中和后生成的酸式盐,溶于水时呈现弱碱性。此特性可使其作为食品制作过程中的膨松剂。碳酸氢钠在作用后会残留碳酸钠,使用过多会使成品有碱味。
十二烷基苯磺酸钠,英文名sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,简称SDBS,白色或淡黄色粉状或片状固体。难挥发,易溶于水,溶于水而成半透明溶液。对碱,稀酸,硬水化学性质稳定,微毒。是常用的阴离子型表面活性剂。
本发明的有益之处在于:本发明的染色助剂在使用过程中,无需加入酸、碱调节染液的pH,同时将传统的染色时间缩短到1h以内,尤其是升温至120-140℃以后,只需高温处理8-15min,就可以达到非常好的染色效果,大大节省了能源,节能、环保。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:
乙二醇单丁醚20%,
1, 4-丁内酯22%,
氯化铯 1.5%,
碳酸氢钠 8.5%,
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 7.2%,
水 余量。
所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:室温下,在反应釜中加入水,然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠,常温搅拌35min,然后加入1,4-丁内酯,搅拌20min,随后加入乙二醇单丁醚,继续搅拌18min;最后降低温度至2℃,加入氯化铯和碳酸氢钠,恒温搅拌 75min,即可。
实施例2:
一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:
乙二醇单丁醚18%,
1, 4-丁内酯24%,
氯化铯 1%,
碳酸氢钠 10%,
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 7%,
水 余量。
所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:室温下,在反应釜中加入水,然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠,常温搅拌45min,然后加入1,4-丁内酯,搅拌15min,随后加入乙二醇单丁醚,继续搅拌25min;最后降低温度至0℃,加入氯化铯和碳酸氢钠,恒温搅拌 90min,即可。
实施例3:
一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:
乙二醇单丁醚22%,
1, 4-丁内酯21%,
氯化铯 2%,
碳酸氢钠 8%,
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 8%,
水 余量。
所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:室温下,在反应釜中加入水,然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠,常温搅拌30min,然后加入1,4-丁内酯,搅拌25min,随后加入乙二醇单丁醚,继续搅拌15min;最后降低温度至4℃,加入氯化铯和碳酸氢钠,恒温搅拌 60min,即可。
对比例1
将实施例1中的氯化铯去除,其余配比和制备方法不变。
以下将实施例1-3和对比例1的样品用于涤纶的植物染料染色,具体方法如下:
进布匹→加涤纶减量染色助剂(2%o.w.f.,即助剂的用量为布匹质量的 2%)运行15min →加入植物染料(6%o.w.f.,即染料的用量为布匹质量的 6%)→升温至 80℃,运行15min→升温至 130℃,运行10min→降温至常温→出缸→柔软定型。
经过染色后,实施例1-3的涤纶纤维的皂洗色牢度达到5级,而对比例1的涤纶纤维的皂洗色牢度仅为3级;推测可能加入氯化铯对染色由催化作用。
本发明的染色助剂在使用过程中,无需加入酸、碱调节染液的pH,同时将传统的染色时间缩短到1h以内,尤其是升温至130℃以后,只需高温处理10min,就可以达到非常好的染色效果,大大节省了能源,节能、环保。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,其特征在于,由以下成分组成:乙二醇单丁醚、1, 4-丁内酯、氯化铯、碳酸氢钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和水。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,其特征在于,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:
乙二醇单丁醚16-25%,
1, 4-丁内酯18-25%,
氯化铯 1-2%,
碳酸氢钠 5-12%,
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 6-10%,
水 余量。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,其特征在于,所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:
乙二醇单丁醚18-22%,
1, 4-丁内酯21-24%,
氯化铯 1-2%,
碳酸氢钠 8-10%,
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 7-8%,
水 余量。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂,其特征在于,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:室温下,在反应釜中加入水,然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠,常温搅拌30-45min,然后加入1,4-丁内酯,搅拌15-25min,随后加入乙二醇单丁醚,继续搅拌15-25min;最后降低温度至0-4℃,加入氯化铯和碳酸氢钠,恒温搅拌 60-90min,即可。
CN201811099599.3A 2018-09-20 2018-09-20 一种应用于涤纶的植物染料染色助剂 Pending CN109371720A (zh)

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