CN110205746B - 一种CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种CeO2‑ZrO2‑La2O3‑Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,将无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧按一定金属元素摩尔比混合,加入到二氯甲烷及异丙醚的混合溶剂中,室温下磁力搅拌;然后将搅拌后的溶液放入烘箱中,在60~100℃的恒温环境下保温至溶液完全烘干得到白色粉末;然后加入用于溶液静电纺丝的聚合物,常温下进行磁力搅拌,得到复合金属氧化物前驱体溶液;后通过静电纺丝装置,对其进行纺丝操作;将纺出的纤维膜放置在烘箱中,进行预氧化;最后,将预氧化后的纤维放入真空管式炉进行煅烧,最终得到CeO2‑ZrO2‑La2O3‑Al2O3纤维储氧材料。本发明的优点在于:本发明制备出的CeO2‑ZrO2‑La2O3‑Al2O3纤维储氧材料具有较高的比表面积,同时具有较好的热稳定性及还原性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成材料,特别涉及一种CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法。
背景技术
高性能稀土储氧材料是汽车尾气净化催化剂载体的关键组成部分,决定着催化剂的性能和寿命。因此,提高催化剂载体的储/释氧性能、比表面积、高温热稳定性及低温氧化还原能力是汽车尾气净化催化剂性能的重要研发方向。CeO2-ZrO2复合氧化物储氧材料在汽车尾气净化催化剂中有着广泛的应用,它具有优异的储/释氧性能,能有效提高催化活性组分的分散度,从而减少活性组分的用量,能提高催化剂的抗中毒能力,从而保证催化转化效率。然而,CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料在高温下稳定性较差,导致载体的储/释氧能力下降,影响催化转化效率。在CeO2-ZrO2复合氧化物储氧材料的基础上掺杂其他改性元素,可有效提高其抗热老化性、改善其高温起然特性,从而延长催化剂的使用寿命。
将比表面积较大的Al2O3添加到CeO2-ZrO2复合氧化物中,制备的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3储氧材料被证实具有较高的氧化还原性能、储氧性能、抗老化性、高温热稳定性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种制备工艺简单,且过程可控的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:一种CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,其创新点在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧按一定金属元素摩尔比混合,然后加入体积比为30:1的二氯甲烷与异丙醚的混合溶剂中,室温下磁力搅拌1~3h;
步骤2:将步骤1搅拌后的溶液放入烘箱,在60~100℃的恒温条件下烘干1~3h,得到白色粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的白色粉末加入用于溶液静电纺丝的聚合物中,室温下进行磁力搅拌1~3h配制成前驱体溶液;
步骤4:通过静电纺丝技术对步骤3中的前驱体溶液进行纺丝并静置形成稳固均匀的纤维膜;
步骤5:将步骤4得到的纤维膜,在60~100℃恒温条件下进行保温15~17h,进行纤维的预氧化处理;
步骤6:将步骤5预氧化处理后的纤维膜,在保护气体下以3℃/min~5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000~1100℃,进行保温0.5~1.5h,即得到的黑色膜状物质为CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料。
进一步地,所述步骤1中无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧中nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:(0~0.25):2。
进一步地,所述步骤2中用于溶液静电纺丝的聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯腈或聚乙烯醇中的一种。
进一步地,所述步骤4中静电纺丝过程参数设置为:接收距离为10~20cm,施加电压为15~25kV,推进速度为0.002~0.01mm/s,湿度为30%~40%。
进一步地,所述步骤6中的保护气为氮气、氩气中的一种,气体流量为100~300sccm。
本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,利用静电纺丝结合高温烧结的方法制备获得CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料,通过静电纺丝制备的氧化物纤维具有热导率低、比表面积大、热稳定性好、化学稳定性好等性能,因而整个制备方法工艺简单,且过程可控,可以制备出分布均匀CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料,其尺寸为纳米级别,具有较高的比表面积,同时具有较好的热稳定性及还原性能;
(2)本发明CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,其中,制备纤维前驱体溶液的原料均采取氯化盐原料,有效的防止原料的交互作用,并降低的制备成本。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备工艺流程图。
图2为实施例1提供的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料碳化后的扫描电镜图。
图3为实施例2提供的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料碳化后的扫描电镜图。
图4为实施例3提供的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料碳化后的扫描电镜图。
图5为实施例1,2,3提供的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3储氧材料碳化后的H2-TPR图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本专业的技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
本发明CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧按一定金属元素摩尔比混合,然后加入体积比为30:1为二氯甲烷与异丙醚的混合溶剂中,室温下磁力搅拌1~3h;
步骤2:将步骤1搅拌后的溶液放入烘箱,在60~100℃的恒温条件下烘干1~3h,得到白色粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的白色粉末加入用于溶液静电纺丝的聚合物中,室温下进行磁力搅拌1~3h配制成前驱体溶液;
步骤4:通过静电纺丝技术对步骤3中的前驱体溶液进行纺丝并静置形成稳固均匀的纤维膜;
步骤5:将步骤4得到的纤维膜,在60~100℃恒温条件下进行保温15~17h,进行纤维的预氧化处理;
步骤6:将步骤5预氧化处理后的纤维膜,在保护气体下以3℃/min~5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000~1100℃,进行保温0.5~1.5h,即得到的黑色膜状物质为CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料。
作为实施例,更具体的方式为所述步骤1中无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧中nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:(0~0.25):2。
作为实施例,更具体的方式为所述步骤2中用于溶液静电纺丝的聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯腈或聚乙烯醇中的一种。
作为实施例,更具体的方式为所述步骤4中静电纺丝过程参数设置为:接收距离为10~20cm,施加电压为15~25kV,推进速度为0.002~0.01mm/s,湿度为30%~40%。
作为实施例,更具体的方式为所述步骤6中的保护气为氮气、氩气中的一种,气体流量为100~300sccm。
下面通过具体的实施例,来对本发明CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法进行详细说明:
实施例1
本实施例CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:按照nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.06:2将无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧混合,加入30ml二氯甲烷及0.95ml异丙醚混合溶剂,室温下磁力搅拌2h;
步骤2:将步骤1搅拌完成的溶液放入烘箱,在80℃恒温条件下烘干2h,得到白色粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的白色粉末倒入13ml无水乙醇与7mlN-N二甲基甲酰胺混合溶剂中,并加入0.8g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,室温下磁力搅拌2h,得到纺丝前驱体溶液;
步骤4:利用静电纺丝装置,将装有前驱体溶液的注射器放置在正极位置,保持与接收板的距离为17cm,电压为17kV,注射器推进速度为0.003mm/s,湿度为30%,经过8h的纺制得到纤维膜;
步骤5:将步骤4纺制出的纤维膜剪出5cm×5cm的片状,放置在烘箱,在80℃的恒温条件下,保温16h后形成淡黄色片状薄膜,完成预氧化过程;
步骤6:将步骤5预氧化后的纤维膜放入真空管式炉,以3℃/min的升温速率升温至1100℃,保温1h,形成黑色片状薄膜,得到CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料。
实施例2
本实施例CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:按照nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.14:2将无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧混合,加入30ml二氯甲烷及0.95ml异丙醚混合溶剂,室温下磁力搅拌2h;
步骤2:将步骤1搅拌完成的溶液放入烘箱,在80℃恒温条件下烘干2h,得到白色粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的白色粉末倒入13ml无水乙醇与7mlN-N二甲基甲酰胺混合溶剂中,并加入0.8g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,室温下磁力搅拌2h,得到纺丝前驱体溶液;
步骤4:利用静电纺丝装置,将装有前驱体溶液的注射器放置在正极位置,保持与接收板的距离为17cm,电压为17kV,注射器推进速度为0.003mm/s,湿度为30%,经过8h的纺制得到纤维膜;
步骤5:将步骤4纺制出的纤维膜剪出5cm×5cm的片状,放置在烘箱,在80℃的恒温条件下,保温16h后形成淡黄色片状薄膜,完成预氧化过程;
步骤6:将步骤5预氧化后的纤维膜放入真空管式炉,以3℃/min的升温速率升温至1100℃,保温1h,形成黑色片状薄膜,得到CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料。
实施例3
本实施例CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:按照nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.22:2将无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧混合,加入30ml二氯甲烷及0.95ml异丙醚混合溶剂,室温下磁力搅拌2h;
步骤2:将步骤1搅拌完成的溶液放入烘箱,在80℃恒温条件下烘干2h,得到白色粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的白色粉末倒入13ml无水乙醇与7mlN-N二甲基甲酰胺混合溶剂中,并加入0.8g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,室温下磁力搅拌2h,得到纺丝前驱体溶液;
步骤4:利用静电纺丝装置,将装有前驱体溶液的注射器放置在正极位置,保持与接收板的距离为17cm,电压为17kV,注射器推进速度为0.003mm/s,湿度为30%,经过8h的纺制得到纤维膜;
步骤5:将步骤4纺制出的纤维膜剪出5cm×5cm的片状,放置在烘箱,在80℃的恒温条件下,保温16h后形成淡黄色片状薄膜,完成预氧化过程;
步骤6:将步骤5预氧化后的纤维膜放入真空管式炉,以3℃/min的升温速率升温至1100℃,保温1h,形成黑色片状薄膜,得到CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料。
将实施例1、实施例2和实施例3得到的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料进行电镜扫描,其结果见图2、图3和图4。由图2所示,当nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.06:2,纤维分布较密,呈无序排列,纤维表面光滑且粗细较为均匀,纤维平均直径为115nm;由图3所示,当nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.14:2时,La含量的增大使得纤维平均直径增大至130nm;由图4所示,当nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.22:2时,La含量的增大导致纤维直径增大,并导致纤维出现少量的交叉及断裂现象。
对实施例1、实施例2和实施例3得到的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料,进行还原性能测试。其结果如图5可见,不同La含量制备的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料在400~800℃内出现还原峰,主要由于纤维表面氧的还原。由图5可知,La的添加能明显提高CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的还原性能。随着La含量的增加,CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料表面氧的还原温度逐渐升高,当nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.06:2时,CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维的还原温度最低,为600℃,说明La在该含量下的具有较好的还原性能;纤维样品在600~750℃温度范围内出现两个重叠峰,表明存在多种不同的表面氧物种。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧按一定金属元素摩尔比混合,然后加入体积比为30:1的二氯甲烷与异丙醚的混合溶剂中,室温下磁力搅拌1~3h;
步骤2:将步骤1搅拌后的溶液放入烘箱,在60~100℃的恒温条件下烘干1~3h,得到白色粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的白色粉末加入用于溶液静电纺丝的聚合物中,室温下进行磁力搅拌1~3h配制成前驱体溶液;
步骤4:通过静电纺丝技术对步骤3中的前驱体溶液进行纺丝并静置形成稳固均匀的纤维膜;
步骤5:将步骤4得到的纤维膜,在60~100℃恒温条件下进行保温15~17h,进行纤维的预氧化处理;
步骤6:将步骤5预氧化处理后的纤维膜,在保护气体下以3℃/min~5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000~1100℃,进行保温0.5~1.5h,即得到的黑色膜状物质为CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料;
所述步骤1中无水氯化铝、氯化铈、氯化锆及氯化镧中nCe:nZr:nLa:nAl为1:1:0.06:2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中用于溶液静电纺丝的聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯腈或聚乙烯醇中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4中静电纺丝过程参数设置为:接收距离为10~20cm,施加电压为15~25kV,推进速度为0.002~0.01mm/s,湿度为30%~40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3纤维储氧材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤6中的保护气为氮气、氩气中的一种,气体流量为100~300sccm。
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