CN110195675A - 车辆的发动机启动控制装置 - Google Patents

车辆的发动机启动控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110195675A
CN110195675A CN201910135218.0A CN201910135218A CN110195675A CN 110195675 A CN110195675 A CN 110195675A CN 201910135218 A CN201910135218 A CN 201910135218A CN 110195675 A CN110195675 A CN 110195675A
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China
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engine
torque
rotary element
vehicle
gear
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CN201910135218.0A
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CN110195675B (zh
Inventor
河井孝吉
加藤直人
高木直也
久世泰广
三宅照彦
吉冈哲平
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0803—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for initiating engine start or stop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明提供一种能够迅速地并且在不产生驱动转矩的变动的情况下进行发动机的启动的控制装置。在车辆以上述空档状态进行行驶时判断是否应该使发动机进行曲轴转动(步骤S22)，在应该使发动机进行曲轴转动的判断成立的情况下，在控制旋转要素向与发动机的曲轴转动方向相反的方向旋转且输入旋转要素停止的状态下，使接合机构中的与控制旋转要素连接的第一接合机构的转矩容量增大来减少控制旋转要素的转速，并将自由旋转要素的惯性力作为反力来使曲轴转动方向上的转矩作用于与发动机连接的输入旋转要素(步骤S27)。

Description

车辆的发动机启动控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具备发动机作为驱动力源，能够在使该发动机的运转停止的状态下进行行驶且能够在行驶中启动发动机的车辆，特别涉及对该车辆的发动机启动进行控制的装置。
背景技术
为了减少搭载有通过燃烧化石燃料来输出动力的发动机的车辆的燃料消耗量或废气等，在不要求较大的加速等情况下使发动机的运转停止并进行行驶。在进行这种控制的车辆中，根据基于加速器踏板被踩下等的驱动力的增大要求而使发动机重新启动。为了使发动机重新启动，需要使发动机进行曲轴转动(或者拖动)。因此，搭载有发动机的车辆通常一起搭载有启动电动机。然而，在构成为在行驶中使发动机停止并且重新启动的车辆中，发动机的停止及之后的重新启动的频率较高，因此存在若每次重新启动时通过启动电动机来进行曲轴转动，则启动电动机的使用频率变高而电力消耗量变多，另外启动电动机的耐久性下降等课题。
为了应对这样的课题，考虑利用行驶中的车辆具有的动能来使发动机进行曲轴转动。例如，将向发动机传递输出轴的转矩的离合器设定为在滑动状态下传递转矩的所谓的半离合状态，通过经由该离合器而向发动机传递的转矩来使发动机进行曲轴转动。然而，在这样的曲轴转动中，发动机的启动会产生延迟，另外使发动机进行曲轴转动会消耗一部分动能，因此可能会暂时性地产生制动力，给驾驶者或者搭乗者带来不适感。因此，在专利文献1记载的装置中，在作为驱动力源而搭载有发动机和电动机的车辆中，构成为在通过车辆具有的动能即从驱动轮向发动机传递的转矩来使发动机进行曲轴转动的情况下，使用作为驱动力源而具备的电动机的转矩作为用于曲轴转动的辅助转矩。
现有技术文献
专利文献1：日本特开2013-180698号公报
根据专利文献1记载的装置，将从驱动轮传递的转矩和基于行驶用的电动机的转矩使用于发动机的曲轴转动，因此能够抑制通过将离合器设为所谓的半离合状态而驱动力下降等引起的冲击，并且能够通过充分地增大用于曲轴转动的转矩，而能够使发动机迅速地启动。然而，由于将车辆的动能使用于发动机的曲轴转动，所以也会稍微产生制动力或者减速力，特别在因油温较低等干扰因素而无法正常地进行离合器的转矩容量的控制的情况下，容易产生制动力或减速度变大等意想不到的状况。另外，若在进行电动机行驶的状态下使发动机启动，则将为了行驶而电动机输出的转矩的一部分使用于发动机的曲轴转动，因此驱动力有可能暂时性地下降。特别是，在由于作为电动机的电力源的蓄电装置的剩余电量(SOC)较少等而来自蓄电装置的输出受到限制的情况下，无法将电动机的输出转矩增大至行驶所使用的转矩以上，因此驱动力有可能因曲轴转动而暂时性地下降，而带来不适感。
发明内容
本发明着眼于上述技术性课题而作出，其目的在于提供一种能够在不给行驶中的车辆的驱动力带来影响的情况下迅速地启动发动机的发动机启动控制装置。
为了达成上述目的，本发明构成为有效地利用与发动机连接的自动变速器的惯性转矩来对发动机的曲轴转动进行辅助。即，本发明为一种车辆的发动机启动控制装置，上述车辆具有发动机及与上述发动机的输出侧连接的自动变速器，上述自动变速器具有：输入部件，从上述发动机被传递转矩；输出部件，向驱动轮输出转矩；行星齿轮机构，将对小齿轮以能够自转且能够公转的方式进行保持的行星轮架及与上述小齿轮啮合的第一齿轮和节圆直径不同于上述第一齿轮且与上述小齿轮啮合的第二齿轮作为旋转要素来进行差动作用；及至少一个接合机构，根据接合力而转矩容量变化且通过进行接合及分离来变更上述输入部件与上述输出部件之间的转矩的传递路径，上述车辆的发动机启动控制装置的特征在于，上述自动变速器构成为通过使上述接合机构分离而成为在上述输入部件与输出部件之间不传递转矩的空档状态，作为上述旋转要素中的任一个旋转要素的第一旋转要素为在上述车辆以上述空档状态进行行驶时通过被传递转矩而不受到反力转矩地进行旋转的自由旋转要素，作为上述旋转要素中的另一个旋转要素的第二旋转要素为在上述车辆以上述空档状态进行行驶时从上述输入部件被传递转矩的输入旋转要素，作为上述旋转要素中的又一个旋转要素的第三旋转要素为在上述车辆以上述空档状态进行行驶时通过使任一个上述接合机构的转矩容量从分离状态增大而转速变化的控制旋转要素，上述车辆的发动机启动控制装置具有对上述发动机及上述接合机构进行控制的控制器，上述控制器构成为，在上述车辆以上述空档状态进行行驶时判断是否应该使上述发动机进行曲轴转动，在应该使上述发动机进行曲轴转动的判断成立的情况下，在上述控制旋转要素向与上述发动机的曲轴转动方向相反的方向旋转且上述输入旋转要素停止的状态下，使上述接合机构中的与上述控制旋转要素连接的第一接合机构的转矩容量增大来减少上述控制旋转要素的转速，从而将上述自由旋转要素的惯性力作为反力来使上述曲轴转动方向上的转矩作用于与上述发动机连接的上述输入旋转要素。
在本发明的基础上，也可以是，上述控制器构成为，在上述车辆以上述空档状态进行行驶时，执行使上述自由旋转要素的转速与上述控制旋转要素的转速之间的转速差增大的控制。
或者在本发明的基础上，也可以是，上述接合机构包括第二接合机构，上述第二接合机构与上述自由旋转要素连接并且通过进行接合而向上述自由旋转要素传递从上述输出部件输入的转矩，使上述自由旋转要素与上述控制旋转要素之间的转速差增大的控制为将上述第二接合机构设定为在滑动状态下传递转矩的半离合状态的控制。
另外，在本发明的基础上，也可以是，上述车辆还具有使上述发动机进行曲轴转动的电动机，上述控制器构成为，在上述电动机使上述发动机进行曲轴转动时，使上述第一接合机构的转矩容量增大来使上述输入旋转要素旋转。
在本发明的基础上，也可以是，上述行星齿轮机构由具有太阳轮、齿圈及行星轮架的单一小齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，上述输入旋转要素为上述行星轮架，上述自由旋转要素为上述齿圈，上述控制旋转要素为上述太阳轮，上述第一接合机构由通过进行接合而使上述太阳轮的旋转停止的制动机构构成。
在本发明的基础上，也可以是，上述行星齿轮机构是在表示各上述旋转要素的相对转速的关系的共线图上，隔着作为上述输入旋转要素的上述第二旋转要素地配置作为上述自由旋转要素的上述第一旋转要素和作为上述控制旋转要素的上述第三旋转要素的结构的行星齿轮机构。
在本发明的基础上，也可以是，上述车辆是还具有第一电动机和第二电动机的混合动力车，上述第一电动机连接于上述发动机与上述自动变速器之间且具有发电功能，上述第二电动机连接于上述自动变速器的输出侧，上述控制器构成为，在上述车辆以上述空档状态进行行驶时通过上述第一电动机使上述发动机进行曲轴转动，且在通过上述第一电动机使上述发动机进行曲轴转动时使上述第一接合机构的转矩容量增大来使上述输入旋转要素旋转。
在本发明的基础上，也可以是，上述空档状态下的上述车辆的行驶是通过上述第二电动机产生驱动力的行驶。
发明效果
在本发明中，在自动变速器成为空档状态的情况下，通过第一接合机构来减少上述控制旋转要素的转速，由此将自由旋转要素的惯性力作为反力来对输入旋转要素作用曲轴转动方向上的转矩。该输入旋转要素的曲轴转动方向上的转矩作为曲轴转动方向上的转矩作用于发动机。因此，即使通过电动机等驱动装置来进行曲轴转动，也通过上述输入旋转要素的转矩也对曲轴转动转矩进行辅助，因此能够迅速地启动发动机，使启动响应性或者加速响应性良好。另外，基于输入旋转要素的辅助转矩在任何旋转要素都未与输出部件连接的状态下产生，因此能够避免或者抑制驱动转矩的变化和伴随其产生的冲击等。此外，为了辅助转矩不消耗电力等能量，因此能够使燃料消耗量或电力消耗量改善。
另外，通过执行使自由旋转要素与控制旋转要素之间的转速差变大的控制，能够增大上述反力或者辅助转矩，其结果是，能够更迅速地并且可靠地进行发动机的曲轴转动或者启动。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式中的混合动力车的动力传动系统的示意图。
图2是表示混合动力车的自动变速器中的齿轮变速部的一例的框架图。
图3是汇总表示在各变速级接合的接合机构的图表。
图4是用于说明在本发明的实施方式中执行的控制的一例的流程图。
图5是关于构成齿轮变速部的各行星齿轮机构的共线图，表示使发动机进行曲轴转动时的动作状态。
图6是示意性地表示通过进行转矩辅助来进行曲轴转动的情况下的输入轴转速、第一制动器及第三离合器的转速差、第一制动器及第三离合器的转矩容量的变化的时间图。
具体实施方式
参照附图并说明本发明的实施方式。另外，以下所示的实施方式只是本发明的一具体例，并不限定本发明。
能够在本发明中作为对象的车辆是作为动力源而搭载有发动机的车辆，特别是能够在行驶中使发动机停止并且根据要求使发动机重新启动的车辆。这种车辆的例子为能够进行利用车辆具有的动能继续行驶的所谓的惯性行驶的车辆或作为驱动力源除了发动机以外还具备电动机的混合动力车。在图1中示意性地示出能够在本发明的实施方式中设为控制对象的混合动力车1。在此所示的混合动力车1具备发动机2和驱动用电动机3作为驱动力源。发动机2是汽油发动机或柴油发动机等通过使化石燃料燃烧来产生动力的作为一般的车辆的驱动力源来使用的内燃机，因此发动机2的启动需要进行曲轴转动(拖动)。另外，发动机2构成为通过未图示的加速器踏板等加减速操作设备来控制输出转矩的大小。更具体而言，发动机2是构成为根据加速器踏板的踩下量即加速器开度Acc而使吸入空气量和燃料喷射量增大来增大输出转矩的内燃机。
在发动机2的输出侧配置有自动变速器4，发动机2的输出轴5与自动变速器4的输入轴6连接。另外，也可以在上述输出轴5与输入轴6之间夹有变矩器或启动离合器(未分别图示)等传动机构。自动变速器4是构成为根据车速V或表示要求驱动力的加速器开度Acc等行驶状态而设定变速比的变速器。自动变速器4的一例是有级式的自动变速器，上述有级式的自动变速器根据通过进行接合来传递转矩且通过进行分离来切断转矩的传递接合装置的接合及分离的状态而从输入部件向输出部件传递转矩的路径发生变化。
并且，在发动机2与自动变速器4之间连接有发电用电动机7。另外，在设有上述传动机构的情况下，发电用电动机7连接于比该传动机构靠发动机2侧处。发电用电动机7构成为由发动机2驱动或者由混合动力车1具有的动能驱动而产生电力。并且，发电用电动机7能够构成为不仅具有发电功能，而且产生行驶用的驱动力，在该情况下，作为发电用电动机7，例如可以采用永磁式的同步电动机。
自动变速器4的输出轴8构成为与作为终减速器的差动齿轮9连接，通过差动齿轮9将自动变速器4输出的转矩向左右的驱动轮10传递。在该自动变速器4的输出轴8上连接有驱动用电动机3，上述驱动用电动机3输出行驶用的驱动转矩。
上述驱动用电动机3能够与上述发电用电动机7相同地设为永磁式的三相同步电动机，这些电动机3、7分别与包含二次电池或电容器等蓄电装置11和变换器12的电动机控制器13连接。并且，能够利用由发电用电动机7发电的电力来使驱动用电动机3工作，将该驱动用电动机3作为驱动力源来进行行驶。这样的行驶方式能够称为串联式混合动力模式。另外，能够利用蓄电装置11的电力来对驱动用电动机3进行驱动，且使发动机2停止来进行行驶。这样的行驶方式能够称为EV(Electric Vehicle：电动汽车)模式。或者，能够将发动机2的输出转矩和驱动用电动机3的输出转矩向驱动轮10传递来进行行驶。这样的行驶方式能够称为混合动力模式。此外，能够在减速时使至少驱动用电动机3作为发电机发挥作用来进行发电，并将其电力向蓄电装置11充电。这样的行驶方式能够称为再生模式。另外，发电用电动机7相当于本发明的实施方式中的第一电动机，驱动用电动机3相当于本发明的实施方式中的第二电动机。
为了使上述各模式成立而设有对发动机2和各电动机3、7及自动变速器4进行控制的电子控制装置(ECU)14。该ECU14相当于本发明的实施方式中的“控制器”，以微型计算机为主体而构成，构成为使用输入的数据和预先存储的数据及程序来进行运算，并将其运算结果作为控制指令信号输出。该输入的数据例如为车速V、作为驱动要求量的加速器开度Acc、自动变速器4中的各接合机构的转矩容量(或者接合液压)、发动机2的曲轴角度、蓄电装置11的剩余电量SOC等，另外，预先存储的数据为基于加速器开度Acc和车速V来确定变速级的变速映射、与根据加速器开度Acc和车速V等决定的驾驶区域对应地确定后述的各行驶模式的映射、后述的接合机构的转矩容量等。并且，ECU14向自动变速器4(尤其是其接合机构)和发电用电动机7、发动机2等输出控制指令信号。另外，在图1中示出了设有一个ECU的例子，但是在本发明的实施方式中，ECU也可以按照例如控制的装置或者控制内容来设置多个。
在此，对上述自动变速器4进行说明，自动变速器4是通过齿轮机构和多个接合机构来设定多个变速级(变速比)的有级式的变速器，图2中示出了该齿轮系的一例。图2所示的齿轮系是构成为能够设定前进10级、后退1级的变速级的例子，具备经由相当于本发明的实施方式中的输入部件的输入轴6而从发动机2输入转矩的齿轮变速部20。在齿轮变速部20中，作为主要的齿轮机构而具备：腊文瑙型的第一行星齿轮机构PL1，是组合单一小齿轮型行星齿轮机构和双小齿轮型行星齿轮机构而成的结构；单一小齿轮型的第二行星齿轮机构PL2；及单一小齿轮型的第三行星齿轮机构PL3。第一行星齿轮机构PL1具备两个太阳轮S11、S12、齿圈R1和对第一小齿轮P11及第二小齿轮P12进行保持的行星轮架C1作为相互进行差动作用的旋转要素，上述第一小齿轮P11与太阳轮S11和齿圈R1啮合，上述第二小齿轮P12与第二太阳轮S12和第一小齿轮P11啮合。因此，第一太阳轮S11、第一小齿轮P11和齿圈R1的部分相当于单一小齿轮型行星齿轮机构，第二太阳轮S12、第一及第二小齿轮P11、P12和齿圈R1的部分相当于双小齿轮型行星齿轮机构。该行星轮架C1与输入轴6连接，成为第一行星齿轮机构PL1中的输入要素。另外，设有选择性地对该第一太阳轮S11进行固定的第一制动器B1。该第一制动器B1相当于本发明的实施方式中的第一接合机构或者制动机构。
第二行星齿轮机构PL2及第三行星齿轮机构PL3与上述第一行星齿轮机构PL1配置在同一轴线上，第二行星齿轮机构PL2具备太阳轮S2、齿圈R2和对小齿轮P2进行保持的行星轮架C2作为相互进行差动作用的旋转要素，上述小齿轮P2与这些太阳轮S2及齿圈R2啮合。相同地，第三行星齿轮机构PL3具备太阳轮S3、齿圈R3和对小齿轮P3进行保持的行星轮架C3作为相互进行差动作用的旋转要素，上述小齿轮P3与这些太阳轮S3及齿圈R3啮合。
第二行星齿轮机构PL2的太阳轮S2和第三行星齿轮机构PL3的太阳轮S3相互一体化，设有将这些太阳轮S2、S3与上述第一行星齿轮机构PL1中的齿圈R1选择性地连接的第一离合器K1。另外，设有将相互一体化的太阳轮S2、S3与第一行星齿轮机构PL1中的第二太阳轮S12选择性地连接的第二离合器K2。此外，设有将第二行星齿轮机构PL2的齿圈R2与第一行星齿轮机构PL1中的齿圈R1选择性地连接的第三离合器K3。设有选择性地使该第二行星齿轮机构PL2的齿圈R2的旋转停止的第二制动器B2。
并且，第三行星齿轮机构PL3中的行星轮架C3与输入轴6连接，成为齿轮变速部20的输入要素。此外，第二行星齿轮机构PL2的行星轮架C2为输出要素，与齿轮变速部20(自动变速器4)的输出轴8连接。该输出轴8相当于本发明的实施方式中的输出部件。设有将作为输出要素的第二行星齿轮机构PL2的行星轮架C2与第三行星齿轮机构PL3的齿圈R3选择性地连接的第四离合器K4。在该第四离合器K4接合的情况下，第二行星齿轮机构PL2和第三行星齿轮机构PL3通过将各自两个旋转要素彼此连接而成为一体地旋转，而不产生差动作用。
各离合器K1～K4及制动器B1、B2分别为例如通过液压来进行接合及分离的摩擦式的接合机构，构成为能够使它们的转矩容量(能传递的转矩)连续性地变化。这些离合器K1～K4及制动器B1、B2相当于本发明的实施方式中的接合机构。
在图2所示的上述自动变速器4中，能够设定10级前进级(第1～第10)及后退级(Rev)。将在这些变速级中进行接合及分离的接合机构汇总表示于图3的接合工作表中。图3中“○”标记表示接合状态，“—”标记表示分离状态。使这些接合机构接合及分离的控制能够通过以往已知的液压控制装置(未图示)进行，另外该液压控制装置能够电气性地进行控制。这些接合机构的转矩容量根据液压(即接合力)而变化，因此能够通过对接合机构的液压进行控制，而设定为伴随着滑动地传递转矩的所谓的半离合状态，另外能够在该状态下使转矩容量连续性地变化。
如图3所示，根据各接合机构的接合及分离的状态，设定齿轮变速部20中的转矩的传递路径，变速比成为与该转矩的传递路径对应的变速比。这样的设定变速级的控制即变速控制与以往已知的变速控制相同，预先准备根据加速器开度和车速等驱动数据来确定各变速级的区域的变速映射，在加速器开度和车速穿过确定各区域的线(变速线)地变化的情况下，执行变速。因此，通过加速器开度等要求驱动力和车速或与车速相当的旋转部件的转速来决定目标变速级，以设定成该目标变速级的方式使各接合机构接合及分离。
上述图1所示的混合动力车1具备与驱动轮10连接的驱动用电动机3，因此能够使发动机2停止并对驱动用电动机3进行驱动来行驶。在以驱动用电动机3为驱动力源的EV模式下，为了降低由带动发动机2和齿轮变速部20的齿轮等旋转引起的所谓拖拽损失，并且避免不必要地消耗燃料，使发动机2的运转停止，并且将自动变速器4设定为空档状态。在空档状态下，使上述离合器K1～K4及制动器B1、B2分离。驱动用电动机3能够输出的转矩与发动机2输出的转矩相比较小，因此EV模式在要求驱动力(例如加速器开度Acc)较小的情况下设定。因此，在以EV模式进行行驶的状态下，当由于加速器踏板较大地踩下等而要求驱动力增大时，应该设定的行驶模式从EV模式向HV模式切换，使发动机2重新启动。
在本发明的实施方式中，通过上述发电用电动机7来进行用于使发动机2重新启动的曲轴转动，并且利用自动变速器4中的齿轮变速部20的惯性力来对曲轴转动进行辅助。参照图4来说明该曲轴转动转矩的辅助控制的一例。在图4中用流程图表示的控制在混合动力车1使发动机2停止而以EV模式进行行驶的情况下，由上述ECU13执行。因此，ECU13相当于本发明的实施方式中的控制器。
在图4所示的控制例中，首先，算出驾驶者(驾驶员)的要求转矩(步骤S21)。该要求转矩能够基于加速器开度Acc来算出，或者也可以用加速器开度Acc来代替。基于该驾驶员要求转矩来进行是否使发动机2启动(曲轴转动)的判定(步骤S22)。如上所述，基于加速器开度Acc和车速V等行驶状态来判断并设定EV模式或HV模式等行驶模式，因此当加速器开度Acc(要求转矩)变大时设定为HV模式。步骤S22中的处理是伴随着这样的行驶模式的切换而使启动发动机2的判定成立，另外伴随着该判定的成立而使控制标志(未图示)接通等的处理。
通过使发动机2启动的判定成立，判断当前时刻发动机启动是否已结束(步骤S23)。若为发动机启动的判定刚成立之后，则发动机2的启动控制未开始或者处于启动控制中等，至少发动机2的启动未完成，因此在步骤S23中进行否定判断。当在步骤S23中进行了否定判断的情况下，判断是否为发动机2的曲轴转动中(步骤S24)。发动机2的曲轴转动以如下的方式进行：使发电用电动机7作为电动机发挥作用，利用输出转矩来使发动机2的输出轴5旋转，但是在发动机启动的判定成立的时刻，通过发电用电动机7进行的曲轴转动未开始，因此在步骤S24中进行否定判断。在该情况下，进入步骤S25之后返回。在步骤S25中，第一制动器B1的转矩容量Tb1设定为“0”，另外第三离合器K3的转矩容量Tk3设定为伴随着滑动地传递转矩的容量即成为半离合状态并使所谓拖拽增加的容量。因此，该第三离合器K3相当于本发明的实施方式中的第二接合机构。通过图5的共线图来说明该情况。
共线图是如下的线图：用相互平行的直线表示构成行星齿轮机构的旋转要素，将表示太阳轮的线与表示行星轮架的线之间的间隔设为“1”，将表示行星轮架的线与表示齿圈的线之间的间隔设为行星齿轮机构的齿轮比(太阳轮的齿数与齿圈的齿数的比率)，将从与这些线正交的基线起到各线上的点为止的长度设为各旋转要素的相对转速。在将由腊文瑙型行星齿轮机构构成的第一行星齿轮机构PL1作为一组行星齿轮机构来计数的情况下，图2所示的齿轮系由三组行星齿轮机构构成。图5是将关于上述第一～第三行星齿轮机构PL1、PL2、PL3的各共线图组合记载的图。图5中示出了为了从空档状态启动发动机2而进行曲轴转动的过程的状态。
在空档状态下，各离合器K1～K4及第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2全部分离，各自的转矩容量实际上为“0”。另外，混合动力车1通过驱动用电动机3而进行行驶，因此图5中记载有“输出”的作为输出要素的第二行星齿轮机构PL2的行星轮架C2以与该时刻的车速V相当的转速旋转。与此相对，第二及第三行星齿轮机构PL2、PL3中的相互连接的太阳轮S2、S3由于第三行星齿轮机构PL3的行星轮架C3未与输入轴6一起旋转而停止。因此，第二行星齿轮机构PL2的齿圈R2由于太阳轮S2停止且行星轮架C2旋转而以比行星轮架C2大的转速向与行星轮架C2相同的方向旋转。另外，第三行星齿轮机构PL3的太阳轮S3、行星轮架C3、齿圈R3都停止。
另外，第一行星齿轮机构PL1中的各旋转要素即太阳轮S11、S12、行星轮架C1、齿圈R1也与第三行星齿轮机构PL3中的各旋转要素相同地停止，但是通过使第三离合器K3的转矩容量Tk3增大至半离合状态的容量，齿圈R1的转速提高，在共线图上隔着作为输入要素的行星轮架C1而位于相反侧的第一太阳轮S11的转速向负方向(与发动机2旋转的方向相反的方向)增大。图5中用粗实线示出了这样的动作状态。该状态为如下状态：能够通过第一制动器B1来减小转速的第一太阳轮S11向与使发动机2进行曲轴转动的方向(曲轴转动方向或者正方向)相反的方向旋转，且与发动机2连接的行星轮架C1停止，此外齿圈R1向曲轴转动方向旋转。若对这种由不可避免的拖拽引起的转矩传递和上述第三离合器K3的拖拽增大控制进行比较，则上述步骤S25中的第三离合器K3的转矩容量Tk3的控制可以说是使第一太阳轮S11的转速与齿圈R1的转速之间的转速差增大的控制。
当在执行了上述步骤S25的控制之后经过了预定时间时，从蓄电装置11向发电用电动机7供给电力，发电用电动机7作为电动机工作，使发动机2进行曲轴转动。在该状态下，在上述步骤S24中进行肯定判断。当在步骤S24中进行了肯定判断的情况下，判断第一制动器B1的接合是否已完成(步骤S26)。该判断能够基于第一制动器B1的接合指令信号或者由适当的传感器(未图示)检测到的关于第一制动器B1的接合液压来进行。在该步骤S26中的判断之前的上述步骤S25中，将第一制动器B1的转矩容量Tb1控制为“0”，因此若在刚执行了上述步骤S25的控制之后进行步骤S26的判断，则在步骤S26中进行否定判断。
当在步骤S26中进行了否定判断的情况下，即在发动机2的曲轴转动中执行用于发动机启动的基于第一制动器B1的转矩辅助，然后返回。在图4所示的控制例中，该转矩辅助控制为如下的控制：使第三离合器K3的转矩容量Tk3为“0”而使第三离合器K3分离，且使第一制动器B1的转矩容量Tb1增大至启动辅助容量(步骤S27)。在此，启动辅助容量是能够迅速地使向负方向旋转的第一太阳轮S11的旋转停止，并且能够暂时性地充分提高与发动机2连接的行星轮架C1的转速的容量。该转矩容量根据发动机2的大小和齿轮变速部20的构造和大小而不同，能够通过实验或模拟等来预先确定。
当在第一太阳轮S11向负方向旋转的状态下使第一制动器B1的转矩容量增大时，对第一太阳轮S11作用使其转速减小的方向上的转矩。在共线图上，齿圈R1隔着与发动机2连接的行星轮架C1而配置于与第一太阳轮S11相反侧处，因此当对第一太阳轮S11作用有使其转速减小的方向上的转矩时，对进行正转的齿圈R1作用使其转速减小的方向(负方向)上的转矩。齿圈R1由于第三离合器K3分离而未与其他任何旋转要素连接，因此与齿圈R1的转速发生变化相伴的转矩不会影响输出轴8的转矩(驱动转矩)。换言之，驱动力不会下降，不会产生冲击。另外，齿圈R1具有惯性矩，因此伴随于转速下降而产生正转方向的惯性转矩。该惯性转矩作为与使第一太阳轮S11的转速减小的转矩相对的反力起作用，因此对行星轮架C1作用使其向正方向旋转的转矩。该转矩经由行星轮架C1而向发动机2传递，对使发动机2进行曲轴转动的转矩进行补充(辅助)。图5中用虚线示出了该状态。因此，在此说明的例子中，齿圈R1由于第三离合器K3分离而未与其他任何旋转部件连接，因此在经由小齿轮P12而传递转矩的情况下不受反力地旋转，因此齿圈R1相当于本发明的实施方式中的自由旋转要素(第一旋转要素)。另外，第一太阳轮S11相当于控制旋转要素(第三旋转要素)，行星轮架C1相当于输入旋转要素(第二旋转要素)。
通过如上述那样进行控制，发电用电动机7产生的转矩、齿轮变速部20的惯性转矩或对第一太阳轮S11进行制动的转矩作为曲轴转动转矩作用于发动机2的输出轴5。因此，应该由发电用电动机7输出的曲轴转动用的转矩可以少可从齿轮变速部20获得的辅助转矩的量，因此即使是在从EV模式向HV模式切换时能够从蓄电装置11输出的电力(动力)受到限制等的情况下，也能够避免或者抑制驱动转矩或加速度暂时性地不足等状况。
这种转矩的辅助只要在发动机2的产生初爆时的压缩过程中或该压缩结束时刻产生即可，该时刻能够基于发动机2的曲轴角度而得知。因此，使第一制动器B1的转矩容量Tb1增大的控制只要在发动机2的初爆紧前或初爆时进行即可。
在步骤S27中使第一制动器B1的转矩容量Tb1增大，因此当之后进行步骤S26的判断时，由于时间经过而进行肯定判断。另外，第一制动器B1的接合已完成的判断能够基于第一制动器B1的接合液压来进行，或者可以基于第一太阳轮S11的转速来进行。在步骤S26中进行了肯定判断的情况下，判断第三离合器K3的接合是否已完成(步骤S28)。从EV模式向HV模式的切换通过在混合动力车1行驶的状态下加速器开度Acc增大来执行，因此在自动变速器4中设定的变速级成为根据该时刻的车速V和加速器开度Acc而求出的变速级。
在此说明的例子中，从空档状态开始设定的变速级为第八速～第十速中的任一个，因此使第三离合器K3与第一制动器B1一起接合。在上述步骤S27中以使第三离合器K3分离的方式进行控制，因此在刚执行了步骤S27的控制之后进行步骤S28的判断时，在步骤S28中进行否定判断。在该情况下，进入步骤S29，使第一制动器B1的转矩容量Tb1增大至应在该时刻的行驶状态下设定的变速级中分担的转矩(分担转矩)，另外使第三离合器K3的转矩容量Tk3增大至第三离合器K3成为没有滑动的完全接合状态的容量(接合转矩)。然后返回。
另外，分担转矩是为了设定各变速级而施加于进行接合的各接合机构的转矩，是在根据齿轮系的构造而确定的转矩的基础上加上基于安全系数等的预定的转矩而得到的转矩。另外，接合转矩是能够不发生滑动地传递转矩的转矩容量，能够基于该接合机构的转矩分担率和发动机输出转矩等而求出。此外，接合转矩设定为以预定的斜率增大的转矩，这是为了防止或抑制输出转矩(驱动转矩)的急剧的变化和以此为起因的冲击。
通过如上述那样使第三离合器K3的转矩容量Tk3增大，而第三离合器K3完全接合。在该情况下，在步骤S28中进行肯定判断，第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3的转矩容量Tb1、Tk3设定为与各自的转矩分担率对应的分担转矩(步骤S30)。然后返回。即，设定了基于该时刻的车速V和加速器开度Acc等行驶状态而确定的变速级。另外，虽然图4中未示出，但是具备上述齿轮变速部20的自动变速器4按各变速级使三个接合机构接合，因此在执行图4所示的控制的情况下，使第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3如上述那样依次接合，并使除这些第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3以外的第三接合机构同时接合。
利用基于发电用电动机7的转矩和基于上述惯性力的辅助转矩来使发动机2进行曲轴转动，同时向发动机2喷射燃料并且进行点火，由此发动机2启动。当通过这样而发动机2的启动完成时，在上述步骤S23中进行肯定判断，进入上述步骤S30。即，在发动机2的启动完成并设定为预定的变速级的状态下，以发动机2的驱动力进行行驶。
在图6中以时间图示出了进行上述控制的情况下的动作的变化。图6所示的例子为如下的例子：从使第一制动器B1、第三离合器K3及其他预定的接合机构接合并进行行驶的状态开始，将自动变速器4设为空档状态，并且使发动机2停止并继续行驶，然后使发动机2重新启动，并且设定为原来的变速级并继续行驶。因此，图6中示出了输入轴6的转速、第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3中的转速差、第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3的转矩容量的变化。另外，转速差表示为构成第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3的摩擦要素中的与第一行星齿轮机构PL1的旋转要素连接的一方的摩擦要素相对于另一方的摩擦要素的包含旋转方向的相对转速。
在驱动发动机2并进行行驶的状态下，输入轴6的转速成为同步转速。同步转速为该时刻的输出轴8的转速乘以变速比而得到的转速。另外，第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3接合，因此各自的转速差为“0”。在该状态下例如加速器踏板(未图示)回弹而加速器开度Acc减小时，从HV模式向EV模式变更的判断成立，自动变速器4切换为空档状态(t0时刻)。即，第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3的转矩容量设定为“0”。另外，在t0时刻执行使发动机2的运转停止的控制。因此，输入轴转速向“0”逐渐下降，且第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3的转速差逐渐增大。
当通过这样，发动机2的旋转停止而输入轴转速成为“0”时(t1时刻)，行驶模式成为EV模式，与此几乎同时第三离合器K3的转矩容量增大至成为半离合状态的程度。当发动机2的旋转停止时，第一行星齿轮机构PL1中的行星轮架C1的转速降低至“0”，随之，第一行星齿轮机构PL1的各旋转要素的转速成为在例如图5的共线图中用单点划线表示的那样。即，第一太阳轮S11向负方向旋转，且齿圈R1向正方向旋转。通过在该状态下将第三离合器K3控制为半离合状态，而如图5中用粗实线表示的那样，齿圈R1的转速提高，且第一太阳轮S11的转速向负方向增大。即，作为自由旋转要素的齿圈R1的转速与作为控制旋转要素的第一太阳轮S11的转速之间的转速差增大。因此，如图6所示，在t1时刻以后，第三离合器K3中的转速差变小，第一制动器B1的转速差增大。
然后，当由于加速器踏板被踩下等而驱动要求量(加速器开度Acc)增大时(t2时刻)，与从EV模式向HV模式切换相伴的发动机启动的判断成立。发动机2的启动如上述那样通过发电用电动机7使发动机2进行曲轴转动，并且将利用了自动变速器4(齿轮变速部20)的惯性力的辅助转矩施加于发动机2的输出轴5来进行。因此，第一制动器B1的转矩容量如参照图4进行说明的那样设定为启动辅助转矩。另外，第三离合器K3的转矩容量从产生滑动的容量返回“0”。其结果是，相对于使第一太阳轮S11的旋转停止的转矩，欲维持齿圈R1的转速的惯性力作为反力转矩起作用，正方向上的转矩作用于与发动机2连接的行星轮架C1。该反力转矩及行星轮架C1的正方向上的转矩根据齿圈R1的正方向的转速而变大，在此说明的例子中，将第三离合器K3控制为半离合状态并使齿圈R1的转速(齿圈R1与第一太阳轮S11之间的转速差)增大，因此能够增大行星轮架C1的正方向的转矩(以下叙述的辅助转矩)。
该行星轮架C1的转矩成为使发动机2的输出轴5正转的方向上的转矩，因此发动机2的曲轴转动转矩成为在发电用电动机7的转矩的基础上增加从行星轮架C1传递的转矩而得到的转矩。换言之，通过行星轮架C1的转矩对曲轴转动进行辅助。图5中用虚线表示的状态为使第一制动器B1的转矩容量这样增大的情况下的状态。另外，在该情况下，第三离合器K3分离而齿圈R1与第二行星齿轮机构PL2的齿圈R2之间被切断，因此即使伴随着发动机2的启动而转矩作用于第一行星齿轮机构PL1的齿圈R1，也能避免或抑制给输出轴8的转矩(驱动转矩)带来影响而驱动转矩发生变化或者产生冲击。
向通过发电用电动机7进行的曲轴转动附加上述辅助转矩的控制在发动机2的压缩冲程的末期或者即将要对混合气点火之前等执行，因此在刚将第一制动器B1的转矩容量控制为上述启动辅助转矩之后发生发动机2中的初爆，发动机2开始独立旋转。随之，输入轴转速进一步继续增大。
为了启动而使发动机2进行曲轴转动时，输入轴转速与发动机转速一起逐渐增大，另外第一制动器B1由于将转矩容量设定为上述启动辅助转矩而第一制动器B1的转速差逐渐变小。另外，行星轮架C1的转速开始增大，因此即使第一太阳轮S11的转速从负方向的转速变为“0”，与发动机2连接的作为输入要素的行星轮架C1的转速差也不会大幅地变化。
由于第一制动器B1的转速差成为“0”而第一制动器B1成为在没有滑动的状态下传递转矩的完全接合的状态时(t3时刻)，第一制动器B1的转矩容量增大至与由第一制动器B1分担的转矩相当的容量。另外，第三离合器K3的转矩容量被控制成上述接合转矩。即，第三离合器K3的转矩容量在当初阶梯式地增大至预定值之后，以预定的斜率增大。在该过程中，第三离合器K3发生滑动，因此在由于发动机2的喷发等而行星轮架C1的转速增大等过渡性的变化中，第三离合器K3的转速差从负的转速暂时性地变换为正的转速。并且，第三离合器K3的转矩容量增大至接合转矩，转速差成为“0”，第三离合器K3的接合完成(t4时刻)。并且，第三离合器K3的转矩容量增大至与由第三离合器K3分担的转矩相当的容量。然后，除了第一制动器B1及第三离合器K3以外，第三个适当的接合机构也完全接合，由此在自动变速器4中设定了发动机即将停止之前的变速级等预定的变速级，因此输入轴转速成为该变速级的同步转速(t5时刻)。
根据进行上述控制的本发明的实施方式中的控制装置，不仅利用发电用电动机7，而且利用自动变速器4中的惯性力来进行发动机2的曲轴转动，因此能够迅速地，即响应性良好地进行发动机2的启动，能够避免或抑制进行加速器操作后的到加速为止的停滞感。另外，对曲轴转动进行辅助的转矩不会影响驱动转矩，因此能够防止或抑制驱动力不足或者由于急剧变化而产生冲击。此外，由于曲轴转动转矩的辅助不需要电力，因此能够防止或抑制使用于行驶的动力减小或者伴随于此驱动力或加速性损失。
另外，本发明并不限定于上述实施方式，因此与待启动的发动机连接的行星齿轮机构除了腊文瑙型行星齿轮机构以外，也可以是单一小齿轮型的行星齿轮机构或双小齿轮型行星齿轮机构，还可以是在被称为阶梯式小齿轮的具有大径部和小径部的小齿轮上啮合两个太阳轮或者两个齿圈的构造的行星齿轮机构。在那样的构造的行星齿轮机构中，太阳轮彼此或者齿圈彼此相当于本发明的实施方式中的第一齿轮和第二齿轮，因此本发明中的第一齿轮和第二齿轮只要是与小齿轮啮合且节圆直径不同的齿轮即可。
另外，与发动机连接的输入旋转要素也可以不构成为在共线图上位于自由旋转要素与控制旋转要素之间，能够在本发明中采用的结构或行星齿轮机构可以是在共线图上按照输入旋转要素、控制旋转要素、自由旋转要素的顺序配置的结构或行星齿轮机构，或者也可以是在共线图上按照输入旋转要素、自由旋转要素、控制旋转要素的顺序配置的结构或行星齿轮机构。此外，在本发明中，使发动机进行曲轴转动的电动机除了上述发电用电动机以外，也可以是搭载于一般的车辆的启动电动机，因此本发明只要是搭载有启动需要曲轴转动的发动机的车辆即可，也可以是除了混合动力车以外的车辆。并且，本发明中的自动变速器并不限于能够设定前进10级的变速器，只要是通过将接合机构分离而成为空档状态的变速器即可。
附图标记说明
1…混合动力车、2…发动机、3…驱动用电动机、4…自动变速器、6…输入轴、7…发电用电动机、8…输出轴、9…差动齿轮、10…驱动轮、11…蓄电装置、12…变换器、13…电动机控制器、20…齿轮变速部、Acc…加速器开度、B1…第一制动器、K3…第三离合器、PL1…第一行星齿轮机构、R1…齿圈、R2…齿圈、R3…齿圈、S11…太阳轮、Tb1…(第一制动器的)转矩容量、Tk3…(第三离合器的)转矩容量、V…车速。

Claims (8)

1.一种车辆的发动机启动控制装置，所述车辆具有发动机及与所述发动机的输出侧连接的自动变速器，所述自动变速器具有：输入部件，从所述发动机被传递转矩；输出部件，向驱动轮输出转矩；行星齿轮机构，将对小齿轮以能够自转且能够公转的方式进行保持的行星轮架及与所述小齿轮啮合的第一齿轮和节圆直径不同于所述第一齿轮且与所述小齿轮啮合的第二齿轮作为旋转要素来进行差动作用；及至少一个接合机构，根据接合力而转矩容量变化且通过进行接合及分离来变更所述输入部件与所述输出部件之间的转矩的传递路径，所述车辆的发动机启动控制装置的特征在于，
所述自动变速器构成为通过使所述接合机构分离而成为在所述输入部件与输出部件之间不传递转矩的空档状态，
作为所述旋转要素中的任一个旋转要素的第一旋转要素为在所述车辆以所述空档状态进行行驶时通过被传递转矩而不受到反力转矩地进行旋转的自由旋转要素，
作为所述旋转要素中的另一个旋转要素的第二旋转要素为在所述车辆以所述空档状态进行行驶时从所述输入部件被传递转矩的输入旋转要素，
作为所述旋转要素中的又一个旋转要素的第三旋转要素为在所述车辆以所述空档状态进行行驶时通过使任一个所述接合机构的转矩容量从分离状态增大而转速变化的控制旋转要素，
所述车辆的发动机启动控制装置具有对所述发动机及所述接合机构进行控制的控制器，
所述控制器构成为，
在所述车辆以所述空档状态进行行驶时判断是否应该使所述发动机进行曲轴转动，
在应该使所述发动机进行曲轴转动的判断成立的情况下，在所述控制旋转要素向与所述发动机的曲轴转动方向相反的方向旋转且所述输入旋转要素停止的状态下，使所述接合机构中的与所述控制旋转要素连接的第一接合机构的转矩容量增大来减少所述控制旋转要素的转速，从而将所述自由旋转要素的惯性力作为反力来使所述曲轴转动方向上的转矩作用于与所述发动机连接的所述输入旋转要素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆的发动机启动控制装置，其特征在于，
所述控制器构成为，在所述车辆以所述空档状态进行行驶时，执行使所述自由旋转要素的转速与所述控制旋转要素的转速之间的转速差增大的控制。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆的发动机启动控制装置，其特征在于，
所述接合机构包括第二接合机构，所述第二接合机构与所述自由旋转要素连接并且通过进行接合而向所述自由旋转要素传递从所述输出部件输入的转矩，
使所述自由旋转要素与所述控制旋转要素之间的转速差增大的控制为将所述第二接合机构设定为在滑动状态下传递转矩的半离合状态的控制。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的车辆的发动机启动控制装置，其特征在于，
所述车辆还具有使所述发动机进行曲轴转动的电动机，
所述控制器构成为，在所述电动机使所述发动机进行曲轴转动时，使所述第一接合机构的转矩容量增大来使所述输入旋转要素旋转。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的车辆的发动机启动控制装置，其特征在于，
所述行星齿轮机构由具有太阳轮、齿圈及行星轮架的单一小齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，
所述输入旋转要素为所述行星轮架，
所述自由旋转要素为所述齿圈，
所述控制旋转要素为所述太阳轮，
所述第一接合机构由通过进行接合而使所述太阳轮的旋转停止的制动机构构成。
6.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的车辆的发动机启动控制装置，其特征在于，
所述行星齿轮机构是在表示各所述旋转要素的相对转速的关系的共线图上，隔着作为所述输入旋转要素的所述第二旋转要素地配置作为所述自由旋转要素的所述第一旋转要素和作为所述控制旋转要素的所述第三旋转要素的结构的行星齿轮机构。
7.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的车辆的发动机启动控制装置，其特征在于，
所述车辆是还具有第一电动机和第二电动机的混合动力车，所述第一电动机连接于所述发动机与所述自动变速器之间且具有发电功能，所述第二电动机连接于所述自动变速器的输出侧，
所述控制器构成为，在所述车辆以所述空档状态进行行驶时通过所述第一电动机使所述发动机进行曲轴转动，且在通过所述第一电动机使所述发动机进行曲轴转动时使所述第一接合机构的转矩容量增大来使所述输入旋转要素旋转。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆的发动机启动控制装置，其特征在于，
所述空档状态下的所述车辆的行驶是通过所述第二电动机产生驱动力的行驶。
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