CN110156663B - 一种化合物、一种有机发光显示装置 - Google Patents
一种化合物、一种有机发光显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110156663B CN110156663B CN201910580662.3A CN201910580662A CN110156663B CN 110156663 B CN110156663 B CN 110156663B CN 201910580662 A CN201910580662 A CN 201910580662A CN 110156663 B CN110156663 B CN 110156663B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种化合物、一种有机发光显示装置。
背景技术
根据发光机制,可用于OLED发光层的材料主要有以下四种:荧光材料、磷光材料、三线态-三线态湮灭(TTA)材料和热活化延迟荧光(TADF)材料。其中,荧光材料的理论最大内量子产率不超过25%,TTA材料的理论最大内量子产率不超过62.5%;磷光材料、TADF材料的理论最大内量子产率均可达100%。
目前磷光材料由于具有高发光效率和相对较长的器件工作长期稳定性的优异性能,取得了广泛的应用。目前红光和绿光都是采用磷光材料。但是由于蓝光的能量较高,蓝色磷光材料的金属与有机配体之间的配位键并不稳定,使得蓝色磷光器件的器件寿命较低,目前的显示产品中,蓝光材料为荧光材料,寿命较长,但存在效率较低的缺点。
发光层中主体材料与发光材料之间的能量转移过程对有机发光器件的发光效率和器件寿命有重大的影响,为了提升有机发光器件的显示品质,开发性能优异的具有高三线态能级的蓝光主体材料是目前材料开发的重要方向。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种化合物、一种有机发光显示装置。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种化合物,具有式(I)所示的结构:
其中,m、n、p、q、r、s、u、v各自独立地选自0或者1,并且r和s中至少有一个为1,u和v中至少有一个为1,L1、L2、L3、L4各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C40芳基、或者取代或未取代的C3-C40杂环基,A1、A2、A3、A4各自独立地选自电子受体单元。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种有机发光显示装置,包括有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括:
有机功能层,所述有机功能层包括一层或多层有机膜层,且至少一层所述有机膜层为发光层;
所述发光层包含发光材料,且所述发光材料包含如本发明所述的化合物中的任意一种或一种以上。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供了一类高三线态能级的双极性主体材料,可以通过主体材料与发光材料之间充分的能量转移过程,提高器件的发光效率和器件寿命。同时双极性的主体材料可以使发光复合区位于整个发光层的中间位置,有利于提升器件的寿命。
本发明中选择联咔唑作为构建单元,咔唑类基团具有以下优点:(1)原料便宜,成本低;(2)在不改变分子主要骨架结构的基础上易于进行分子性能的修饰;(3)氮原子易于进行功能化修饰;(4)咔唑基团上有多个连接位置,可以与其他分子结构进行连接;(5)热稳定性和化学稳定性好;(6)具有高的三线态能级;(7)具有优异的给电子能力和发光性能,具有优异的空穴传输特性。
本发明通过具有高三线态能级的咔唑基团与电子受体单元相组合,能够得到具有双极性特征的有机化合物,兼具空穴传输和电子传输的特点,有效地拓宽发光区,提升器件效率;同时本发明化合物具有更高的三线态,能够通过能量转移的方式将空穴电子复合产生的激子的能量有效地传递给客体发光材料,进一步提升发光效率,延长器件寿命。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2为手机显示屏的示意图;
其中,1-基板、2-ITO阳极、3-空穴注入层、4-第一空穴传输层、5-第二空穴传输层、6-发光层、7-第一电子传输层、8-第二电子传输层、9-阴极、10-盖帽层;100-显示屏。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式仅为对本发明的说明,而不构成对本发明内容的限制,下面将结合具体的实施方式对本发明进行进一步说明和描述。
本发明提供了一种化合物、一种有机发光显示装置。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种化合物,具有式(I)所示的结构:
其中,m、n、p、q、r、s、u、v各自独立地选自0或者1,并且r和s中至少有一个为1,u和v中至少有一个为1,L1、L2、L3、L4各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C40芳基、或者取代或未取代的C3-C40杂环基,A1、A2、A3、A4各自独立地选自电子受体单元。
咔唑基团具有以下优势:(1)原料便宜,成本低;(2)在不改变分子主要骨架结构的基础上易于进行分子性能的修饰;(3)氮原子易于进行功能化修饰;(4)咔唑基团上有多个连接位置,可以与其他分子结构进行连接;(5)热稳定性和化学稳定性好;(6)具有高的三线态能级;(7)具有优异的给电子能力和发光性能,具有优异的空穴传输特性。
本发明采用联咔唑基团作为给电子单元,并采用咔唑上的N原子与N原子直接相连的方式进行连接,两个咔唑单元之间会形成较大的二面角,降低两个咔唑基团之间的共轭程度,有效提升材料的三线态能级,得到具有高三线态能级的主体材料。同时联咔唑基团上有更多的可修饰化学位点,通过化学反应,可以将其他的电子受体基团引入到联咔唑上,得到双极性的主体材料。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,L1与L3相同。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,L2与L4相同。
L1与L3相同、L2与L4相同时,合成更简单,可以有效地降低合成成本。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,A1与A3相同。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,A2与A4相同。
A1与A3相同、A2与A4相同时,可以形成对称结构,联咔唑之间具有较大的二面角,在同一个分子上形成两个D-A结构,可以与客体发光材料产生更充分的能量转移过程。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,r和u选自1,s和v选自0。这样能够保证同一个分子中存在两个D-A相互作用,同时分子量更低,适于蒸镀,蒸发温度会相对低一些,节省蒸镀设备的能耗。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,r、s、u和v都选自1。这样分子量更大,材料的玻璃化转变温度更高,形成的有机薄膜具有更高的形貌稳定性。同时这样的材料更适于溶液法加工,制备大尺寸的面板。
通过A1、A2、A3、A4的种类和数量的搭配,可以调节整个分子的电学性质,得到具有各种所需电学性能的材料体系。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述C6-C40芳基选自苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、联萘基、蒽基、联蒽基、二苯基蒽基、苯并二氢蒽基、菲基、二氢菲基、三亚苯基、芘基、芴基、联芴基、荧蒽基、茚并芴基、环戊并菲基、螺芴基、苯并芴基、茚并蒽基、二苯并芴基、萘并蒽基、苯并蒽基中的一种或一种以上。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述C3-C40杂环基选自噻吩基、噻唑基、吡啶基、呋喃基、吡喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三氮唑基、噻二唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、吩噁嗪基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、噻噁嗪基、噻蒽基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹喔啉基、菲咯啉基中的一种或一种以上。
本发明中,所述“取代的…”中的取代基可以为C1-C10的烷基或环烷基、C2-C10烯基、C1-C6的烷氧基、C6-C30的单环芳烃或稠环芳烃基团、C3-C30的单环杂芳烃或稠环杂芳烃基团中的任意一种或一种以上。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,A1、A2、A3、A4各自独立地选自含氮杂环类取代基、氰基类取代基、三芳基硼类取代基、苯甲酮类取代基、芳杂环甲酮类取代基和砜类取代基中的任意一种或一种以上。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述含氮杂环类取代基选自以下结构中的任意一种或一种以上:
其中,#表示连接位置;R选自氢原子、碳原子数为1-20的烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为4-8的环烷基、碳原子数为6-40的芳基、碳原子数为4-40的杂芳基。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述氰基类取代基选自以下结构中的一种或一种以上:
其中,#表示连接位置。
氰基类取代基具有很强的吸电子能力,可以有效抑制非辐射跃迁,有效提升辐射跃迁速率常数kr,提升发光效率。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述芳基硼类取代基选自以下结构中的一种或一种以上:
其中,#表示连接位置;X选自BR9、O、S或NR9;R1-R9各自独立地选自碳原子数为1-20的烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为6-40的芳基、碳原子数为4-40的杂芳基。
由于硼原子存在空p轨道,当硼原子上连接芳环时,既能提供共轭平面,芳环上的取代基又能保护硼原子免受氧气和水的破坏,使整个分子具有更好的光学性能,可以用于合成三芳基衍生物,得到的三芳基硼类取代基可以用于构建D-A型双极性的主体材料。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述芳基甲酮类取代基、芳杂环甲酮类取代基选自以下结构中的一种或一种以上:
其中,#表示连接位置,结构式中的R表示碳原子数1-20的烷基、碳原子数1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数2-20的烯基、碳原子数2-20的炔基、碳原子数4-8的环烷基、碳原子数6-40的芳香基、碳原子数4-40的杂芳基。
苯甲酮类取代基含有缺电子的羰基(C=O),作为电子受体时羰基与苯环存在较大的扭转角,是一种系间窜越十分高效(kISC=1011s-1)的有机功能基团,十分适合用作为电子受体与给电子基团搭配构建D-A型双极性主体材料。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述砜类取代基选自以下结构中的一种或一种以上:
其中,#表示连接位置。
砜类取代基作为电子受体时,具有良好的吸电子能力,在分子中心呈现出一定的扭转角,可以提升单线态与三线态之间的系间窜越的光物理过程,可用作电子受体构建D-A型TADF分子,与发光客体分子之间形成优异的能量转移过程。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,A1、A2、A3、A4各自独立地选自以下结构中的一种或一种以上:
其中,#表示连接位置,每个结构式中的R各自独立地表示碳原子数1-20的烷基、碳原子数1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数2-20的烯基、碳原子数2-20的炔基、碳原子数4-8的环烷基、碳原子数6-40的芳香基、碳原子数4-40的杂芳基。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,r和u选自1,s和v选自0,C6-C40芳基选自苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、联萘基、蒽基、联蒽基、二苯基蒽基、苯并二氢蒽基、菲基、二氢菲基、三亚苯基、芘基、芴基、联芴基、荧蒽基、茚并芴基、环戊并菲基、螺芴基、苯并芴基、茚并蒽基、二苯并芴基、萘并蒽基、苯并蒽基中的一种或一种以上;C3-C40杂环基选自噻吩基、噻唑基、吡啶基、呋喃基、吡喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三氮唑基、噻二唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、吩噁嗪基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、噻噁嗪基、噻蒽基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹喔啉基、菲咯啉基中的一种或一种以上;
根据本发明的一个实施方式,r和u选自1,s和v选自0,A1、A2、A3、A4各自独立地选自以下结构中的一种或一种以上:
其中,#表示连接位置;R选自氢原子、碳原子数为1-20的烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为4-8的环烷基、碳原子数为6-40的芳基、碳原子数为4-40的杂芳基;
其中,#表示连接位置;
其中,#表示连接位置;X选自BR9、O、S或NR9;R1-R9各自独立地选自碳原子数为1-20的烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为6-40的芳基、碳原子数为4-40的杂芳基;
其中,#表示连接位置,结构式中的R表示碳原子数1-20的烷基、碳原子数1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数2-20的烯基、碳原子数2-20的炔基、碳原子数4-8的环烷基、碳原子数6-40的芳香基、碳原子数4-40的杂芳基;
其中,#表示连接位置;
其中,#表示连接位置,每个结构式中的R各自独立地表示碳原子数1-20的烷基、碳原子数1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数2-20的烯基、碳原子数2-20的炔基、碳原子数4-8的环烷基、碳原子数6-40的芳香基、碳原子数4-40的杂芳基。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,r、s、u和v都选自1,C6-C40芳基选自苯基;C6-C40杂环基选自噻吩基、噻唑基、吡啶基、呋喃基、吡喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三氮唑基、噻二唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基中的一种或一种以上。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,r、s、u和v都选自1,A1、A2、A3、A4各自独立地选自
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述化合物选自
中的任意一种。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述化合物选自H12、H33、H44、H46、H60和H79中的任意一种。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种有机发光显示装置,包括有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括:
有机功能层,所述有机功能层包括一层或多层有机膜层,且至少一层所述有机膜层为发光层;
所述发光层包含发光材料,且所述发光材料包含如本发明所述的化合物中的任意一种或一种以上。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述化合物作为所述发光层的主体材料。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,有机电致发光器件包括基板、相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及位于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的有机功能层,所述有机功能层包含电子注入层、电子传输层、发光层、空穴传输层和空穴注入层。
根据本发明的一个实施方式的有机电致发光器件如图1所示,包括依次设置的基板1、ITO阳极2、空穴注入层3、第一空穴传输层4、第二空穴传输层5、发光层6、第一电子传输层7、第二电子传输层8、阴极9和盖帽层10。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述化合物作为所述发光层的主体材料,客体材料选自荧光材料(例如BczVBi、香豆素-6、DCJTB、芘类化合物、蒽类化合物等)、热活化延迟荧光材料或磷光发光材料,所述主体材料的HOMO与所述客体材料的HOMO之差小于0.6eV、或所述主体材料的LUMO与所述客体材料的LUMO之差小于0.6eV。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述化合物作为所述发光层的主体材料,客体材料选自荧光材料(例如BczVBi、香豆素-6、DCJTB、芘类化合物、蒽类化合物等)或热活化延迟荧光材料,所述客体材料的单重态能量小于所述主体材料的单重态能量,且主体材料的单重态能量与客体材料的单重态能量的差值小于1.0eV。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述化合物作为所述发光层的主体材料,客体材料选自磷光材料,所述客体材料的三重态能量小于所述主体材料的三重态能量,且主体材料的三重态能量与客体材料的三重态能量的差值小于1.0eV。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,有机电致发光器件包括基板、相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及位于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的有机功能层,所述有机功能层包含电子注入层、电子传输层、发光层、空穴传输层和空穴注入层。
有机电致发光器件结构可以为单发光层也可以是多发光层。
所述空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料及电子阻挡材料可选自N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(α-NPD)、4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)、1,3-二咔唑-9-基苯(mCP)、4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯(CBP)、3,3'-二(N-咔唑基)-1,1'-联苯(mCBP)、2,3,6,7,10,11-六氰基-1,4,5,8,9,12-六氮杂苯并菲(HATCN)、4,4'-环己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)苯胺(TAPC)、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(α-NPB)、N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-N,N'-二(苯基)联苯-4,4'-二胺(NPB)、聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)、聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)、9-苯基-3,9-联咔唑(CCP)、三氧化钼(MoO3)等材料,但不局限于以上几种材料。
所述空穴阻挡材料、电子传输材料、电子注入材料可选自2,8-二(二苯基氧膦基)二苯并噻吩(PPT)、TSPO1、TPBi、2,8-双(二苯基膦氧基)二苯并呋喃(PPF)、二(2-二苯氧化膦基)二苯醚(DPEPO)、氟化锂(LiF)、4,6-双(3,5-二(3-吡啶)基苯基)-2-甲基嘧啶(B3PYMPM)、4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉(Bphen)、1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-3-苯基]苯(TmPyBP)、三[2,4,6-三甲基-3-(3-吡啶基)苯基]硼烷(3TPYMB)、1,3-双(3,5-二吡啶-3-基苯基)苯(B3PYPB)、1,3-双[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯(BMPYPHB)、2,4,6-三(联苯基-3-基)-1,3,5-三嗪(T2T)、二苯基二[4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基]硅烷(DPPS)、碳酸铯(Cs2O3)、双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉-N1,O8)-(1,1'-联苯-4-羟基)铝(BAlq)、8-羟基喹啉-锂(Liq)、三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq3)等材料,但不局限于以上几种材料。
根据本发明的阳极材料可以是金属,例如铜、金、银、铁、铬、镍、锰、钯、铂等;可以是金属氧化物,例如金属氧化物-氧化铟、氧化锌、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)等;可以是合金;可以是导电性聚合物,例如聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚(3-甲基噻吩)等。除了上述这些有助于空穴注入的材料及其组合外,还可以是其他已知的适合做阳极的材料。
根据本发明的阴极材料可以是金属,例如铝、镁、银、铟、锡、钛等;可以是合金,如Mg/Ag;可以是金属与无机化合物的复合材料,例如多层金属材料-LiF/Al、LiO2/Al、BaF2/Al等;除了上述有助于电子注入的材料及其组合外,还可以是其他已知的适合做阴极的材料。
根据本发明的基板可以是刚性基板(硼硅酸盐玻璃、浮法钠钙玻璃、高折射率玻璃、不锈钢等),也可以是柔性基板(例如聚酰亚胺(PI)塑料衬底、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)塑料衬底、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)塑料衬底、聚醚砜树脂衬底(PES)、聚碳酸酯塑料衬底(PC)、超薄柔性玻璃衬底、金属箔片衬底等)。
本发明中,有机电致发光器件的制作过程为:在透明或不透明的光滑的基板上形成阳极(第一电极),在阳极上形成有机功能层,在有机功能层上形成阴极(第二电极)。有机功能层的形成可以采用如蒸镀、溅射、旋涂、浸渍、离子镀等已知的成膜方法。
根据本发明的有机发光显示装置例如可以是手机显示屏、电脑显示屏、液晶电视显示屏等,本实施例对比不作特殊限定。图2为手机显示屏的示意图,其中,100表示显示屏。
由此可见,根据本发明的化合物、有机电致发光器件和显示装置的可选因素较多,根据本发明的权利要求可以组合出不同的实施例。本发明的实施例仅作为对本发明的具体描述,并不作为对本发明的限制。下面将结合含有本发明的化合物的有机电致发光器件作为实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。
中间体S1、S3、S5、S7-S12来自于市售商品。
以下给出了若干中间体的制备方法。
将S1(0.5mmol)、溴化亚铜二甲硫醚CuBr·DMS(0.1mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶DMAP(0.2mmol)装入含有搅拌棒的100ml小瓶。使用O2气球用O2吹扫10分钟置换反应瓶内气体氛围。通过注射器添加5mL 1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)。将反应物置于60℃的油浴中搅拌17h。17h后,将反应物冷却至室温,用25mL二氯甲烷(DCM)稀释反应物,用25mL饱和NH4Cl水溶液清洗。然后用10mL水洗涤有机物,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机物。过滤,真空浓缩,得到粗产物。然后通过硅胶色谱(正己烷:二氯甲烷=5:1)纯化粗产品,得到白色固体S2(0.1mmol,40%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C24H14Br2N2,m/z计算值:488.0;测试值:487.9。
元素分析计算值:C,58.81;H,2.88;Br,32.60;N,5.71;测试值:C,58.84;H,2.91;Br,32.57;N,5.68。
将S3(0.8mmol)、溴化亚铜二甲硫醚CuBr·DMS(0.16mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶DMAP(0.32mmol)装入含有搅拌棒的100ml小瓶。使用O2气球用O2吹扫10分钟置换反应瓶内气体氛围。通过注射器添加10mL 1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)。将反应物置于60℃的油浴中搅拌17h。17h后,将反应物冷却至室温,用45mL二氯甲烷(DCM)稀释反应物,用45mL饱和NH4Cl水溶液清洗。然后用15mL水洗涤有机物,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机物。过滤,真空浓缩,得到粗产物。然后通过硅胶色谱(正己烷:二氯甲烷=5:1)纯化粗产品,得到白色固体S4(0.15mmol,38%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C24H14Br2N2,m/z计算值:488.0;测试值:488.2。
元素分析计算值:C,58.81;H,2.88;Br,32.60;N,5.71;测试值:C,58.83;H,2.90;Br,32.56;N,5.67。
将S5(2mmol)、溴化亚铜二甲硫醚CuBr·DMS(0.4mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶DMAP(0.8mmol)装入含有搅拌棒的250ml小瓶。使用O2气球用O2吹扫10分钟置换反应瓶内气体氛围。通过注射器添加25mL 1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)。将反应物置于60℃的油浴中搅拌17h。17h后,将反应物冷却至室温,用80mL二氯甲烷(DCM)稀释反应物,用80mL饱和NH4Cl水溶液清洗。然后用40mL水洗涤有机物,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机物。过滤,真空浓缩,得到粗产物。然后通过硅胶色谱(正己烷:二氯甲烷=5:1)纯化粗产品,得到白色固体S6(0.7mmol,35%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C24H14Br2N2,m/z计算值:488.0;测试值:488.1。
元素分析计算值:C,58.81;H,2.88;Br,32.60;N,5.71;测试值:C,58.82;H,2.90;Br,32.54;N,5.66。
以下给出了若干具体化合物的制备方法和结果。
制备实施例1 H12的合成:
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S2(1.5mmol)、S7(3.2mmol),[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.1mmol)和HP(tBu)3·BF4(0.2mmol),加入到100mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入30mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入2.5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N215min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入20mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2M HCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体H12(1.16mmol,71%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z计算值:C54H34N8:794.3;测量值:794.4;
元素分析计算值:C,81.59;H,4.31;N,14.10;测试值:C,81.62;H,4.32;N,14.06。
制备实施例2 H33的合成:
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S6(1.95mmol)、S8(4.16mmol),[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.12mmol)和HP(tBu)3·BF4(0.24mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入50mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入3.5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N2 15min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入25mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2M HCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体H33(1.32mmol,68%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z计算值:C40H20F6N4:670.2;测量值:670.3;
元素分析计算值:C,71.64;H,3.01;F,17.00;N,8.35;测试值:C,71.67;H,3.03;F,19.97;N,8.33。
制备实施例3 H44的合成:
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S2(2.73mmol)、S8(5.82mmol)、[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.18mmol)和HP(tBu)3·BF4(0.36mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入80mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N215min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入35mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2M HCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体H33(1.72mmol,63%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z计算值:C46H28N6O2:696.2;测量值:696.3;
元素分析计算值:C,79.30;H,4.05;N,12.06;O,4.59;测试值:C,79.33;H,4.07;N,12.03;O,4.57。
制备实施例4 H46的合成:
在氮气氛围下,称取S2(1.25g,1.72mmol)溶解在无水60mL THF中,冷却至-80℃。向溶液中逐滴滴加0.8mL n-BuLi溶液(2.5M,1.98mmol),维持在这个温度下1h。S10(4.2mmol)逐滴滴加到上述的S2的锂化溶液中.在-80℃下继续搅拌1h,缓慢升温至室温搅拌过夜。加入数滴无水乙醇,减压蒸馏去除易挥发溶剂,得到粗产品。粗产品溶解在50mL二氯甲烷中,再向溶液中滴加10mL质量浓度为30%的过氧化氢水溶液。室温下搅拌过夜,采用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相。将有机相用清水清洗3次。减压蒸馏去除溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物使用柱层析法(正己烷:二氯甲烷=6:1)进行精制,得到固体H46(1.2mmol,70%)。
表征结果:MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C48H34N2O2P2:732.2;测试值:732.4。
元素分析计算值:C,78.68;H,4.68;N,3.82;O,4.37;P,8.45;测试值:C,78.70;H,4.71;N,3.80;O,4.36;P,8.43。
制备实施例5 H60的合成:
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S2(3.28mmol)、S8(7.00mmol)、[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.22mmol)和HP(tBu)3·BF4(0.44mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入100mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入6mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N2 15min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入50mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2M HCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体H60(2.2mmol,67%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z计算值:C48H28N2O8S4:888.1;测量值:888.3;
元素分析计算值:C,64.85;H,3.17;N,3.15;O,14.40;S,14.43;测试值:C,64.88;H,3.19;N,3.13;O,14.38;S,14.42。
制备实施例6 H79的合成:
在-78℃的条件下,将S4(2.4mmol)溶解在乙醚(150mL)中,向溶液中逐滴滴入n-BuLi(3mmol)的正己烷溶液。反应溶液持续搅拌2h,缓慢升温至室温,在室温下搅拌1h。再次将反应溶液冷却至-78℃,在搅拌的条件下,逐滴加入45mL S12(5.8mmol)的甲苯溶液。缓慢升温至室温搅拌过夜。减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品分别用甲醇(3×60mL)和戊烷(3×60mL)清洗,再次收集粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体H79(1.4mmol,58%)。
表征结果:MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C60H40B4N2:832.4;测试值:832.4。
元素分析计算值:C,86.59;H,4.84;B,5.20;N,3.37;测试值:C,86.62;H,4.85;B,5.18;N,3.35。
对于其他化合物,也采用类似的合成方法得到。
性能测试
实施例1~8
运用密度泛函理论(DFT),针对化合物H12、H28、H31、H46、H56、H60、H63、H79,利用Gaussian 09程序包在B3LYP/6-31G(d)计算水平下,优化并计算得到了分子前线轨道HOMO和LUMO的分布情况;同时基于含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT),模拟计算了分子的单线态能级S1和三线态能级T1。
表1化合物的相关性能数据
实施例1~8的相关数据如表1所示。由表1可以看出,所有化合物都具有高的单线态和三线态能级,适于作为发光层中的主体材料。(表1中,S1表示单线态能级,T1表示三线态能级,Eg表示HOMO-LUMO能级差。)
本发明提供的有机电致发光器件如图1所示,包括:基板1、ITO阳极2、空穴注入层3、第一空穴传输层4、第二空穴传输层5、发光层6、第一电子传输层7、第二电子传输层8、阴极9(银电极)和盖帽层(CPL)10。
实施例9
本实施例提供一种有机电致发光器件,具体制备步骤如下:
1)将玻璃基板切成50mm×50mm×0.7mm的大小,分别在丙酮、异丙醇和去离子水中超声清洁30分钟,然后将其在UV臭氧下清洁30分钟来进行清洁。将所得的具有氧化铟锡(ITO)阳极的玻璃基板安装到真空沉积设备上;
2)在ITO阳极层2上,通过真空蒸镀方式蒸镀空穴注入层材料化合物1,厚度为10nm,这层作为空穴注入层3;
3)在空穴注入层3上真空蒸镀空穴传输层材料化合物2,厚度为100nm作为第一空穴传输层4;
4)在第一空穴传输层4上真空蒸镀空穴传输型材料化合物3,厚度为10nm作为第二空穴传输层5;
4)第二空穴传输层5上真空蒸镀一层发光层6,其中,化合物H12作为主体材料,化合物4作为掺杂材料,掺杂比例为3%(质量比),厚度为30nm;
5)在发光层6上真空蒸镀电子传输型材料化合物5,厚度为10nm,作为第一电子传输层7;
6)电子传输层6上真空蒸镀电子传输材料化合物6,厚度为30nm,作为第二电子传输层8;
7)第二电子传输层8上真空银电极,厚度为15nm,作为阴极9;
8)在阴极9上真空蒸镀化合物2,厚度为80nm,作为盖帽层10使用。
实施例10
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H28。
实施例11
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H31。
实施例12
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H46。
实施例13
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H56。
实施例14
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H60。
实施例15
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H63。
实施例16
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H79。
实施例17
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物4替换为绿光发光材料Ir(ppy)3。
实施例18
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H28,将化合物4替换为绿光发光材料Ir(ppy)3。
实施例19
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H31,将化合物4替换为绿光发光材料Ir(ppy)3。
实施例20
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H60,将化合物4替换为发光材料Ir(ppy)3。
实施例21
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为H63,将化合物4替换为绿光发光材料Ir(ppy)3。
对比实施例1
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为对比化合物1。
对比实施例2
与实施例9的区别在于,将化合物H12替换为对比化合物1,将化合物4替换为绿光发光材料Ir(ppy)3。
实施例9~21、对比实施例1~2的性能参数结果如表2所示。
表2
由表2可以看出,当蓝光发光材料化合物4作为发光层的客体材料时,本发明的化合物作为主体材料相比对比化合物1作为主体材料,得到的有机电致发光器件具有更低的驱动电压和更高的发光效率,这主要是得益于本发明的主体材料具有更高的三线态能级和良好的双极性传输性能。
当绿光发光材料化合物Ir(ppy)3作为发光层的客体材料时,本发明的化合物作为主体材料相比对比化合物1作为主体材料,在驱动电压和发光效率方面也得到明显改善,这主要是得益于本发明的主体材料具有更高的三线态能级和良好的双极性传输性能。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (6)
2.一种有机发光显示装置,其特征在于,包括有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括:
有机功能层,所述有机功能层包括一层或多层有机膜层,且至少一层所述有机膜层为发光层;
所述发光层包含发光材料,且所述发光材料包含如权利要求1所述化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机发光显示装置,其特征在于,所述化合物作为所述发光层的主体材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的有机发光显示装置,其特征在于,客体材料选自荧光材料、热活化延迟荧光材料或磷光发光材料,所述主体材料的HOMO与所述客体材料的HOMO之差小于0.6eV、或所述主体材料的LUMO与所述客体材料的LUMO之差小于0.6eV。
5.根据权利要求4所述的有机发光显示装置,其特征在于,客体材料选自荧光材料或热活化延迟荧光材料,所述客体材料的单重态能量小于所述主体材料的单重态能量,且主体材料的单重态能量与客体材料的单重态能量的差值小于1.0eV。
6.根据权利要求4所述的有机发光显示装置,其特征在于,客体材料选自磷光材料,所述客体材料的三重态能量小于所述主体材料的三重态能量,且主体材料的三重态能量与客体材料的三重态能量的差值小于1.0eV。
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