CN110746413B - 化合物、显示面板以及显示装置 - Google Patents
化合物、显示面板以及显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110746413B CN110746413B CN201911055616.8A CN201911055616A CN110746413B CN 110746413 B CN110746413 B CN 110746413B CN 201911055616 A CN201911055616 A CN 201911055616A CN 110746413 B CN110746413 B CN 110746413B
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Abstract
本发明涉及OLED技术领域并提供具有星形结构的TADF化合物,其结构如化学式1所示;其中,D1和D2表示给电子基团,A1和A2表示受电子基团,m、n、p、q各自独立地选自1、2、3;D1、D2、A1和A2分别连接到与化学式1中的芳杂环连接的苯环上;D1和D2主要各自独立地选自咔唑类基团、二苯胺类基团、吖啶基类基团中的至少一种;A1和A2各自独立地选自含氮杂环类取代基、含氰基类取代基、含羰基类取代基、砜类取代基和含磷氧基类取代基。本发明的化合物既具有分子内的、沿化学键的电荷转移效应,又可以通过D和A在空间的位置形成空间电荷转移作用,适于作为双极性主体材料或者TADF材料。本发明还提供一种包括所述化合物的显示面板和显示装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及OLED技术领域,具体地涉及一种新型的星形芳杂环化合物以及包含该化合物的显示面板和显示装置。
背景技术
随着电子显示技术的发展,有机发光器件(OLED)广泛应用于各种显示设备中。特别是近几年来,智能手机行业对OLED的需求不断增大,对OLED的发光材料的研究和应用也日益增多。
根据发光机制,用于OLED发光层的材料主要包括以下四种:
(1)荧光材料;(2)磷光材料;(3)三线态-三线态湮灭(TTA)材料0;(4)热活化延迟荧光(TADF)材料。
对于荧光材料,根据自旋统计,激子中单线态和三线态激子的比例是1:3,所以荧光材料最大内量子产率不超过25%。依据朗伯发光模式,光取出效率为20%左右,因此基于荧光材料的OLED的外量子效应(EQE)不超过5%。
对于磷光材料,磷光材料由于重原子效应,可以通过自旋偶合作用,加强分子内部系间窜越,可以直接利用75%的三线态激子,从而实现在室温下S1和T1共同参与的发射,理论最大内量子产率可达100%。依据朗伯发光模式,光取出效率为20%左右,因此基于磷光材料的OLED的外量子效应可以达到20%。但是,磷光材料基本为Ir、Pt、Os、Re、Ru等重金属配合物,生产成本较高,不利于大规模生产。在高电流密度下,磷光材料存在严重的效率滚降现象,同时磷光器件的稳定性并不好。
对于三线态-三线态湮灭(TTA)材料,两个相邻的三线态激子,复合生成一个更高能级的单线激发态分子和一个基态分子,但是两个三线态激子产生一个单线态激子,所以理论最大内量子产率只能达到62.5%。为了防止产生较大的效率滚降现象,在这个过程中三线态激子的浓度需要调控。
对于热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料,当单线激发态和三线激发态的能级差较小时,分子内部发生反向系间窜越(RISC),T1态激子通过吸收环境热上转换到S1态,可以同时利用75%的三线态激子和25%的单线态激子,理论最大内量子产率可达100%。TADF材料主要为有机化合物,不需要稀有金属元素,生产成本低。TADF材料可以通过多种方法进行化学修饰。TADF材料相对于传统的OLED发光材料具有诸多的优势,但目前已发现的TADF材料较少,因此亟待开发新型的可用于OLED的TADF材料。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种具有热活化延迟荧光(TADF)性质的化合物,所述化合物具有化学式1所示的结构:
其中,X选自S或-(R1)Si(R2)-,R1和R2各自独立地选自C6-C40的芳基、C4-C40的杂芳基;
D1和D2表示氢原子或给电子基团,m和n各自独立地选自1、2、3;当n为2或3时,各个D1之间或各个D2之间相同或不相同;
A1和A2表示氢原子或受电子基团,p和q各自独立地选自1、2、3;当n为2或3时,各个之间A1或各个A2之间相同或不相同;
D1、D2、A1和A2分别连接到与化学式1中的芳杂环连接的苯环上,且D1和D2不同时为氢原子,A1和A2不同时为氢原子;
所述给电子基团选自取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C20环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C20烷氧基、取代或未取代的C3-C20杂环基、取代或未取代的C6-C40芳基、取代或未取代的C4-C40杂芳基、取代或未取代的C10-C60的稠芳基、取代或未取代的C10-C60的稠杂芳基、取代或未取代的C12-C40的咔唑基及其衍生物基团、取代或未取代的C12-C40的二苯胺基及其衍生物基团、取代或未取代的C13-C40的吖啶基及其衍生物基团中的任意一种;
所述受电子基团选自含氮杂环类取代基、含氰基类取代基、含羰基类取代基、含硫砜类取代基、含膦氧类取代基中的任意一种。
本发明的化合物具有星形结构,在分子不同枝上既可以连接D单元和A单元,具有分子内的、沿化学键的电荷转移效应,又可以通过D和A在空间的位置形成空间电荷转移作用,适于作为双极性主体材料或者TADF材料。在本发明的化合物中,苯环可以增大分子HOMO轨道和LUMO轨道的重叠度,从而增大分子的发光效率。
另外,在本发明的星形分子结构中,分子内不同的D-A单元会形成分子内扭曲电荷转移,具有AIE(聚集诱导发光)的特性。
本发明的另一方面还提供了一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括有机发光器件,其中有机发光器件包括相对设置的阳极、阴极,位于阳极与阴极之间的发光层,其中发光层的发光材料包括主体材料和客体材料,所述主体材料为本发明所述的化合物中的一种或一种以上。
本发明的又一方面还提供一种显示装置,其包括了本发明所述的显示面板。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的化合物的通式结构;
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种OLED的结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的一种显示装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例和对比例进一步说明本发明,这些实施例只是用于说明本发明,本发明不限于以下实施例。
本发明提供了一种化合物,所述化合物具有化学式1所示的结构:
其中,X选自S或-(R1)Si(R2)-,R1和R2各自独立地选自C6-C40的芳基、C4-C40的杂芳基;
D1和D2表示氢原子或给电子基团,m和n各自独立地选自1、2、3;当n为2或3时,各个D1之间或各个D2之间相同或不相同;
A1和A2表示氢原子或受电子基团,p和q各自独立地选自1、2、3;当n为2或3时,各个之间A1或各个A2之间相同或不相同;
D1、D2、A1和A2分别连接到与化学式1中的芳杂环连接的苯环上,且D1和D2不同时为氢原子,A1和A2不同时为氢原子;
所述给电子基团选自取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C20环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C20烷氧基、取代或未取代的C3-C20杂环基、取代或未取代的C6-C40芳基、取代或未取代的C4-C40杂芳基、取代或未取代的C10-C60的稠芳基、取代或未取代的C10-C60的稠杂芳基、取代或未取代的C12-C40的咔唑基及其衍生物基团、取代或未取代的C12-C40的二苯胺基及其衍生物基团、取代或未取代的C13-C40的吖啶基及其衍生物基团中的任意一种;
所述受电子基团选自含氮杂环类取代基、含氰基类取代基、含羰基类取代基、含硫砜类取代基、含膦氧类取代基中的任意一种。
本发明的化合物具有星形结构,在分子不同枝上既可以连接D单元和A单元,具有分子内的、沿化学键的电荷转移效应,又可以通过D和A在空间的位置形成空间电荷转移作用,适于作为双极性主体材料或者TADF材料。在本发明的星形结构的化合物中,苯环可以增大分子HOMO轨道和LUMO轨道的重叠度,从而增大分子的发光效率。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,所述化合物具有如下所示的任一种化学结构:
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,所述化合物具有如下所示的任一种化学结构:
其中,A1和A2不同时为氢原子,且D1和D2不同时为氢原子。
邻、对位取代可以增加分子位阻,防止分子堆积,应用在发光层中可以使发光光谱更窄,色纯度更高。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,A1和A2相同,且D1和D2相同。A1和A2相同,且D1和D2相同时,可以使化合物更加容易合成,否则会增加合成步骤,导致收率降低。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,D1和D2各自独立地选自以下基团中的任意一种:
Z选自C原子、N原子、O原子或S原子;q选自0、1或2;
U1、U2和U3各自独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、取代或未取代的C12-C40的咔唑基、取代或未取代的C12-C40的二苯胺基、取代或未取代的C13-C40的吖啶基;
当Z为氧原子或硫原子时,q为0;
#表示连接位置。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,D1和D2各自独立地选自以下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#表示与所述化学式1连接的位置,R表示C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20烯基、C2-C20炔基、C6-C40芳香基、C4-C40杂芳香基。
咔唑是一类具有等电子结构的二苯胺分子,具有较强的给电子能力和良好的空穴传输能力。咔唑环上活性位点比较多,易于引入多种官能团将其功能化。当咔唑基团应用于本发明的化合物时,容易通过分子结构的修饰来引入高效率的发光基团,从而得到性能优良的发光材料。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,D1和D2各自独立地选自以下基团中的任意一种:
Z选自C原子、N原子、O原子、S原子或Si原子;X选自C原子、N原子、O原子或S原子;m、n、p和q各自独立地选自0、1或2;
U1、U2、U3、U4各自独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C12芳基、取代或未取代的C12-C30稠合芳基、取代或未取代的C12-C40二苯胺基;
当Z或X为氧原子或硫原子时,p或q为0;
#表示连接位置。
吖啶类基团是具有刚性平面结构的大环共轭体系,其荧光性能十分优越,同时含有较大的π共轭体系结构。吖啶类材料具有高的发光效率、合理的能级结构和良好的主客体能量转移特性,以该材料为发光层的器件具有良好的发光性能。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式于,D1和D2各自独立地选自以下基团中的任意一种:
其中,R表示C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C6-C40芳香基、C4-C40杂芳香基
#表示在化学式1中的连接位置。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,D1和D2各自独立地选自以下基团中的任意一种:
U1、U2各自独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、取代或未取代的C12-C40的咔唑基及其衍生物基团、取代或未取代的C12-C40的二苯胺基及其衍生物基团、C13-C40的吖啶基及其衍生物基团中的任意一种;m、n各自独立地选自0、1或2;
#表示连接位置。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,D1和D2各自独立地选自以下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#表示在化学式1中的连接位置。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,所述含氮杂环类基团选自以下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#表示在化学式1中的连接位置;
R选自C6-C40芳基、C4-C40杂芳基。
在本发明的这种实施例中,含氮杂环类基团是良好的受电子基团,多为杂芳环或稠芳环小分子,可以填充化学式1所示分子之间的间隙,在蒸镀时,可以获得良好的分子间堆积性能,提高有机功能层的稳定性。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,所述含氰基类基团选自以下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#表示在化学式1中的连接位置。
在本发明所述的芳杂环化合物的这种实施方式中,含氰基类取代基具有很强的吸电子能力,可以有效抑制非辐射跃迁,能够构建低ΔEST、高辐射跃迁速率常数kr的D-A型TADF分子。
13.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述含羰基类基团选自以下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#表示在化学式1中的连接位置,R选自C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20烯基、C2-C20炔基、C4-C8环烷基、C6-C40芳香基、C4-C40杂芳基。
在本发明所述的芳杂环化合物的这种实施方式中,苯甲酮类取代基或芳杂环甲酮类取代基含有缺电子的羰基(C=O),作为电子受体时羰基与苯环存在较大的扭转角,是一种系间窜越十分高效(kISC=1011·s-1)的纯有机磷光体,十分适合用作为电子受体构建D-A型TADF蓝光分子。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,所述含砜类基团选自以下基团中的任意一种:
在本发明所述的芳杂环化合物的这种实施方式中,砜类取代基作为电子受体时,具有良好的吸电子能力,在分子中心呈现出一定的扭转角,以获得较低的ΔEST值,可用作电子受体构建D-A型TADF分子。
根据本发明所述化合物的一种实施方式,所述含膦氧基团选自以下基团中的任意一种:
Y选自O、S、-BR41、-C(R41)2、-Si(R41)2和-NR41中的任意一种;
R30、R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36、R37、R38、R39、R40、R41各自独立地选自氢原子、取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C20环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C20烷氧基、取代或未取代的C3-C20杂环基、取代或未取代的C6-C40芳基、取代或未取代的C2-C40杂芳基中的任意一种;
#表示在化学式1中的连接位置。
在本发明的这种实施方式中,由于磷原子存在空p轨道,当磷原子上连接芳环时,既能提供共轭平面,芳环上的取代基又能保护磷原子免受氧气和水的破坏,使整个分子具有更好的光学性能。
根据本发明所述化合物的一些实施方式,所述化合物选自下列化合物:
本发明的化合物具备TADF特性,可以用作OLED发光层的主体材料。
本发明还提供了示例性化合物P1、P6、P54、P55和P92的制备方法,如下示例性合成实施例1至实施例5所述。
实施例1
化合物P1的合成
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S1(2.2mmol)、S2(4.8mmol)、[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.10mmol)和HP(t-Bu)3·BF4(0.20mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入70mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N215min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入20mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2MHCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体S20(1.5mmol,68%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C40H24Br2N2S:724.50;测试值:724.00。
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S3(1.8mmol)、S4(3.9mmol)、[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.10mmol)和HP(t-Bu)3·BF4(0.20mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入60mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N215min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入15mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2MHCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体P1(1.3mmol,72%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C82H52N8S:1181.41;测试值:1181.40。元素分析理论值:C,83.36;H,4.44;N,9.48;S,2.71;实际值:C,83.33;H,4.42;N,9.49;S,2.76。
实施例2
化合物P6的合成
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S1(2.2mmol)、S5(4.8mmol)、[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.10mmol)和HP(t-Bu)3·BF4(0.20mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入70mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N215min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入20mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2MHCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体S6(1.5mmol,68%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C40H24Br2N2O2S:756.50;测试值:755.99。
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S6(1.8mmol)、S7(3.9mmol)、[Pd2(dba)3]·CHCl3(0.10mmol)和HP(t-Bu)3·BF4(0.20mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入60mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N215min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入15mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2MHCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体P6(1.3mmol,72%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C74H46N6O4S:1115.26;测试值:1114.33。元素分析理论值:C,79.69;H,4.16;N,7.54;O,5.74;S,2.88;实际值:C,79.67;H,4.17;N,7.55;O,5.76;S,2.86。
实施例3
化合物P54的合成
在氮气保护下将S8(1mmol),S9(1.5mmol)和S10(1.5mmol)溶解在THF和NEt3的混合溶剂中,加入Pd催化剂和Cu催化剂,加热至回流,反应5h。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S11(0.78mmol,78%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C28H18Br2Si:542.34;测试值:541.95。
在氮气保护下于-78℃中将S11(1mmol)溶解在THF中,逐滴加入LiNaPh,反应半小时后,将Ph3SiCl,ZnCl2,TMEDA稀释于少量THF溶液中,逐滴滴入反应瓶,低温反应半小时后,常温过夜。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S12(0.86mmol,86%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C28H18Br2Cl2SiZn2,m/z计算值:744.02;测量值:743.74。
在氮气保护下将S12(1mmol),S13(1.5mmol)和S14(1.5mmol)溶解在甲苯中,加入催化剂,加热至回流,反应12h。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S15(0.94mmol,94%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C63H41Br2N3O2Si,m/z计算值:1059.91;测量值:1059.13。
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S15(1.8mmol)、S5(2mmol)、S7(2mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.10mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入60mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N2 15min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入15mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2M HCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体P54(1.3mmol,72%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C88H58N4O4Si:1263.51;测试值:1262.42。元素分析理论值:C,83.65;H,4.63;N,4.43;O,5.07;Si,2.22;实际值:C,83.65;H,4.64;N,4.42;O,5.08;Si,2.21。
实施例4
化合物P55的合成
在氮气保护下将S8(1mmol),S9(1.5mmol)和S16(1.5mmol)溶解在THF和NEt3的混合溶剂中,加入Pd催化剂和Cu催化剂,加热至回流,反应5h。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S17(0.78mmol,78%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C28H18Br2Si:542.34;测试值:541.95。
在氮气保护下于-78℃中将S17(1mmol)溶解在THF中,逐滴加入LiNaPh,反应半小时后,将Ph3SiCl,ZnCl2,TMEDA稀释于少量THF溶液中,逐滴滴入反应瓶,低温反应半小时后,常温过夜。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S18(0.86mmol,86%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C28H18Br2Cl2SiZn2,m/z计算值:744.02;测量值:743.74。
在氮气保护下将S18(1mmol),S19(1.5mmol)和S20(1.5mmol)溶解在甲苯中,加入催化剂,加热至回流,反应12h。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S21(0.94mmol,94%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C73H53B2Br2NSi,m/z计算值:1153.72;测量值:1151.26。
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S21(1.8mmol)、S22(2mmol)、S23(2mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.10mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入60mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N2 15min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入15mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2M HCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体P55(1.3mmol,72%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C106H80B4N2Si:1453.11;测试值:1452.65。元素分析理论值:C,87.61;H,5.55;B,2.98;N,1.93;Si,1.93;实际值:C,87.62;H,5.54;B,2.99;N,1.91;Si,1.94。
实施例5
化合物P92的合成
在氮气保护下将S8(1mmol)和S9(3mmol)溶解在THF和NEt3的混合溶剂中,加入Pd催化剂和Cu催化剂,加热至回流,反应5h。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S24(0.78mmol,78%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C28H18Br2Si:542.34;测试值:541.95。
在氮气保护下于-78℃中将S24(1mmol)溶解在THF中,逐滴加入LiNaPh,反应半小时后,将Ph3SiCl,ZnCl2,TMEDA稀释于少量THF溶液中,逐滴滴入反应瓶,低温反应半小时后,常温过夜。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S25(0.86mmol,86%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C28H18Br2Cl2SiZn2,m/z计算值:744.02;测量值:743.74。
在氮气保护下将S25(1mmol)和S26(3mmol)溶解在甲苯中,加入催化剂,加热至回流,反应12h。反应结束后,冷却到室温,减压蒸馏去除所有的溶剂,收集粗产物。将粗产品通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,以正己烷:三氯甲烷(5:1)的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,最后纯化得到固体S27(0.94mmol,94%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:C70H46Br2N6Si,m/z计算值:1159.05;测量值:1158.19。
在氮气保护下,称取化合物S27(1.8mmol)、S28(3.5mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.10mmol),加入到250mL的两口烧瓶中。向两口烧瓶内注入60mL甲苯(提前通N2 15min除氧气),然后再逐滴加入5mL浓度为1M的K2CO3水溶液(提前通N2 15min除氧气),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,加入15mL去离子水,再滴入几滴2M HCl。用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,并用无水Na2SO4干燥处理。过滤干燥后的溶液,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶色谱柱纯化,最后纯化得到固体P92(1.3mmol,72%)。
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z,计算值:C94H62N8Si:1331.64;测试值:1331.49。元素分析理论值:C,84.78;H,4.69;N,8.41;Si,2.11;实际值:C,84.79;H,4.68;N,8.42;Si,2.10。
示例性化合物的参数表征
表1列出了示例性化合物P1、P6、P54、P55和P92的主要参数。
表1
注:S1表示单线态能级,T1表示三线态能级,△EST表示单线态和三线态能级差,Eg表示HOMO-LUMO能级差。
由表1可以看出,本发明的化合物的具有较高的单线态和三线态能级,HOMO能级和LUMO能级位置合适,可以很好地匹配通用的电子传输层材料或者空穴传输层材料,适合做发光层的主体材料。
本发明还提供一种显示面板,包括有机发光器件,其中所述有机发光器件包括相对设置的阳极、阴极,位于阳极与阴极之间的发光层,其中发光层的发光材料包括主体材料和客体材料,所述主体材料为本发明所述的化合物中的一种或一种以上。
根据本发明所述显示面板的一种实施方式,所述有机发光器件还包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层或电子注入层中的一层或多层。
空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料及电子阻挡材料可选自2,2'-二甲基-N,N'-二-1-萘基-N,N'-二苯基[1,1'-联苯]-4,4'-二胺(α-NPD)、4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)、1,3-二咔唑-9-基苯(mCP)、4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯(CBP)、3,3'-二(N-咔唑基)-1,1'-联苯(mCBP)、2,3,6,7,10,11-六氰基-1,4,5,8,9,12-六氮杂苯并菲(HATCN)、4,4'-环己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)苯胺(TAPC)、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(α-NPB)、N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-N,N'-二(苯基)联苯-4,4'-二胺(NPB)、聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)、聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)、9-苯基-3,9-联咔唑(CCP)、三氧化钼(MoO3)等材料,但不局限于以上几种材料。
空穴阻挡材料、电子传输材料、电子注入材料可选自2,8-二(二苯基氧膦基)二苯并噻吩(PPT)、TSPO1、1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBi)、2,8-双(二苯基膦氧基)二苯并呋喃(PPF)、二(2-二苯氧化膦基)二苯醚(DPEPO)、氟化锂(LiF)、4,6-双(3,5-二(3-吡啶)基苯基)-2-甲基嘧啶(B3PYMPM)、4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉(Bphen)、1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-3-苯基]苯(TmPyBP)、三[2,4,6-三甲基-3-(3-吡啶基)苯基]硼烷(3TPYMB)、1,3-双(3,5-二吡啶-3-基苯基)苯(B3PYPB)、1,3-双[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯(BMPYPHB)、2,4,6-三(联苯基-3-基)-1,3,5-三嗪(T2T)、二苯基二[4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基]硅烷(DPPS)、碳酸铯(Cs2O3)、双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉-N1,O8)-(1,1'-联苯-4-羟基)铝(BAlq)、8-羟基喹啉-锂(Liq)、三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq3)等材料,但不局限于以上几种材料。
在本发明提供的显示面板中,有机发光器件的阳极材料可以选自金属例如铜、金、银、铁、铬、镍、锰、钯、铂等及它们的合金。阳极材料也可以选自金属氧化物如氧化铟、氧化锌、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)等;阳极材料还可以选自导电性聚合物例如聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚(3-甲基噻吩)等。此外,阳极材料还可以选自除以列举的阳极材料以外的有助于空穴注入的材料及其组合,其包括已知的适合做阳极的材料。
在本发明提供的显示面板中,有机发光器件的阴极材料可以选自金属例如铝、镁、银、铟、锡、钛等及它们的合金。阴极材料也可以选自多层金属材料例如LiF/Al、LiO2/Al、BaF2/Al等。除了以上列举的阴极材料以外,阴极材料还可以是有助于电子注入的材料及其组合,包括已知的适合做阴极的材料。
有机发光器件可以按照本领域公知的方法进行制作,在此不再详述。在本发明中,有机发光器件可以这样制作:在透明或不透明的光滑的基板上形成阳极,在阳极上形成有机薄层,在有机薄层上形成阴极。有机薄层的形成可以采用如蒸镀、溅射、旋涂、浸渍、离子镀等已知的成膜方法。
在本发明所述显示面板的一个实施方式中,有机发光器件(OLED)的结构如图2所示。其中,1为玻璃或其他适合材质(如塑料)做成的基板(substrate);2为ITO或IGZO等透明阳极;3为有机膜层(包括发光层);4为金属阴极,共同构成一个完整的OLED器件。
下面提供了示例性的有机发光器件实施例,用于说明本发明的化合物在有机发光显示面板中的实际应用,其中本发明的化合物用作有机发光器件的发光层的主体材料。
器件实施例1
将具有膜厚为100nm的ITO薄膜的阳极基板用蒸馏水、丙酮、异内醇超声清洗并放入烘箱干燥,通过UV处理表面30分钟,然后移至真空蒸镀腔中。在真空度为2×10-6Pa下开始蒸镀各层薄膜,蒸镀5nm厚的HATCN形成空穴注入层,蒸镀40nm厚的N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(NPB),然后蒸镀10nm厚的4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)形成空穴传输层(HTL)。在空穴传输层上,用本发明的化合物P1作为发光层的主体材料,Ir(ppy)3作为发光层的客体材料,同时蒸镀该掺杂材料和主体材料,形成30nm厚的发光层。然后在发光层上蒸镀二苯基[4-(三苯基硅烷基)苯基]氧膦(TSPO1)形成5nm厚的空穴阻挡层(HBL)。在空穴阻挡层上蒸镀4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉(Bphen)以形成30nm的电子传输层(ETL)。在电子传输层上依次蒸镀2.5nm厚的LiF和100nm厚的Al作为电子注入层(EIL)和阴极,从而制成有机发光显示装置。
有机电致发光器件也可以采用溶液加工法制备得到。
器件实施例2
与器件实施例1的区别在于,将化合物P1替换为化合物P6,其它制备步骤均与器件实施例1中相应步骤相同。
器件实施例3
与器件实施例1的区别在于,将化合物P1替换为化合物P54,其它制备步骤均与器件实施例1中相应步骤相同。
器件实施例4
与器件实施例1的区别在于,将化合物P1替换为化合物P55,其它制备步骤均与器件实施例1中相应步骤相同。
器件实施例5
与器件实施例1的区别在于,将化合物P1替换为化合物P92,其它制备步骤均与器件实施例1中相应步骤相同。
器件对比例1
与器件实施例1的区别在于,将化合物P1替换为化合物CBP,其它制备步骤均与器件实施例1中相应步骤相同。
表2器件性能表征
由表2可知,与采用经典绿光发光材料CBP作为磷光主体材料的器件对比例1相比,采用P1、P6、P54、P55、P92作为主体材料的有机发光器件的EQE(max)均明显高于对比器件,这主要得益于P1、P6、P54、P55、P92双极性主体材料优异的空穴和电子传输效率,从而降低器件驱动电压,提高了器件效率。
本发明还提供了一种显示装置,其包括如上文所述的有机发光显示面板。在本发明中,有机发光器件可以是OLED,其可以用在有机发光显示装置中,其中有机发光显示装置可以是手机显示屏、电脑显示屏、电视显示屏、智能手表显示屏、智能汽车显示面板、VR或AR头盔显示屏、各种智能设备的显示屏等。图3是根据本发明实施例提供的一种显示装置的示意图。在图3中,20表示手机显示面板,30表示显示装置。
本申请虽然以较佳实施例公开如上,但并不是用来限定权利要求,任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,都可以做出若干可能的变动和修改,因此本申请的保护范围应当以本申请权利要求所界定的范围为准。
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